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Hill v Green

Hill v Green

Case [1999] NSWCA 477 22 December 1999

Procedural Fairness

Natural Justice

Appeal

Statutory Construction

Judicial Review

Administrative Law

Statutory Interpretation

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Reported Decision: 48 NSWLR 161

New South Wales

Court of Appeal

CITATION: Hill v Green; Jarvis v Buckley; Wood v Buckley; Young v Buckley [1999] NSWCA 477

FILE NUMBER(S): CA 40224/98; 40225/98; 40226/98; 40724/98

HEARING DATE(S): 22 June 1999

JUDGMENT DATE:
22 December 1999

PARTIES :

Donald Hill (Cl)
v
George Green (Op)
Maureen Jarvis (Cl)
v
Steve Buckley (Op)
Walter Henry Wood (Cl)
v
Steve Buckley (Op)
Brian Young (Cl)
v
Steve Buckley (Op)

JUDGMENT OF: Spigelman CJ at 1; Mason P at 83; Sheller JA at 87; Beazley JA at 110; Fitzgerald JA at 111

LOWER COURT JURISDICTION: Supreme Court

LOWER COURT FILE NUMBER(S) : 30105/97
30104/97
30121/97
30057/98

LOWER COURT JUDICIAL OFFICER: Grove J, Dunford J

COUNSEL: Cl: C Porter QC, J Bishop, P M Lane
Op: P Menzies QC, T Anderson

SOLICITORS: Cl: MacMahon Associates
Op(1,2,3): I V Knight
Op(4): Adrian Murphy (Green)

CATCHWORDS: Administrative Law; procedural fairness/natural justice; teachers' disciplinary charges found proven without hearing/inquiry; question of whether regulatory scheme constituted a "code"; "curing" effect of right of appeal; perverse fact-finding and error of law.

ACTS CITED: Teaching Services Act 1980
Interpretation Act 1987
Government and Related Employees' Appeal Tribunal Act 1980
Industrial Relations Act 1996
Workers Compensation Act 1926
Compensation Court Act 1984

CASES CITED:
Kioa v West 159 CLR 550
Annetts v McCann 170 CLR 596
Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission 175 CLR 564
Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin 170 CLR 1
Durham Holdings Pty Ltd v NSW [1999] NSWCA 324
Matkevich v NSW Technical & Further Education Commission (No.3) (Court of Appeal, 3 February 1996, unreported)
Smith v Allan (1993) 31 NSWLR 52
Vanmeld Pty Ltd v Fairfield City Council (1999) 46 NSWLR 78
Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond 170 CLR 321
Bruce v Cole (1998) 45 NSWLR 163
Minister for Immigration v Eshetu (1999) 73 ALJR 746
Minister for Immigration v Epeabaka (1998) 84 FCR 411
Azzopardi v Tasman UEB Industries Ltd (1985) 4 NSWLR 139
Baba v Parole Board of NSW (1986) 5 NSWLR 338
Murray v Legal Services Commission [1999] NSWCA 70
Twist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106
R v Marks; ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers Federation 147 CLR 471
Oates v Attorney-General (Cth) (1998) 156 ALR 1
Johns v ASC 178 CLR 408
Macksville v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708
Lisafa Holdings Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Police (1988) 15 NSWLR 1
Waitakere City Council v Lovelock (1997) 2 NZLR 385
Fares Rules Meat v Australian Meat & Livestock Corp (1990) 96 ALR 153
Abebe v The Commonwealth (1999) 162 ALR 1

DECISION: See orders

THE SUPREME COURT
OF NEW SOUTH WALES
COURT OF APPEAL

CA 40224/98, 40225/98, 40226/98, 40724/98
ALD 30105/97, 30104/97, 30121/97, 30057/98
SPIGELMAN CJ
MASON P
SHELLER JA
BEAZLEY JA
FITZGERALD JA
WEDNESDAY 22 DECEMBER 1999

Donald HILL v George GREEN
Maureen JARVIS v Steve BUCKLEY
Walter Henry WOOD v Steve BUCKLEY
Brian YOUNG v Steve BUCKLEY
JUDGMENT

1 SPIGELMAN CJ: The facts and issues are set out…

Grounds of appeal

[14] The appellant contends that the primary judge erred in finding that the respondent had discharged the onus of establishing the matters required under the relevant provision.

[15] It was submitted that his Honour failed to give adequate weight to the evidence of the second witness, and that the findings of fact were not reasonably open on the material before the Court.

[16] The respondent, for its part, submits that no error is disclosed, and that the conclusions reached were well within the range of outcomes available to the primary judge.

Consideration

[17] It is convenient to deal first with the question of construction, as the resolution of that issue informs the remaining grounds advanced by the appellant.

[18] For the reasons that follow, we are of the view that the appeal should be allowed in part and the matter remitted for further determination.

Continue reading Hill v Green

Details

AGLC: Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477
Case: [1999] NSWCA 477
Decision Date: 22 December 1999

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The case of *Hill v Green* concerned an appeal to the Court of Appeal of New South Wales regarding disciplinary charges brought against a teacher. The teacher, Mr Green, had been found guilty of certain charges by the Director-General of Education, and subsequently, the Disciplinary Appeal Board upheld these findings. Mr Hill, a member of the Disciplinary Appeal Board, sought a declaration that the Board's decision was invalid.

The central legal issues before the Court of Appeal were whether the regulatory scheme governing teachers' disciplinary proceedings constituted a "code" that excluded the common law duty of procedural fairness, and whether the right of appeal to the Disciplinary Appeal Board had a "curing" effect on any initial procedural unfairness. The Court also considered whether the Board's fact-finding was perverse or constituted an error of law.

The Court of Appeal held that the regulatory scheme did not constitute a code that excluded the common law duty of procedural fairness. It was determined that the Disciplinary Appeal Board, in upholding the findings without conducting its own inquiry or hearing, had failed to afford Mr Green procedural fairness. The Court found that the right of appeal did not operate to "cure" this initial breach of natural justice, as the Board had not undertaken a proper review of the evidence or given Mr Green an opportunity to be heard. The Court concluded that the Board's decision was vitiated by a failure to afford procedural fairness and was therefore invalid.

Orders

Orders of the court

See orders

Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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Citations

Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477

Most Recent Citation

Centro Properties Limited v Warringah Council [2003] NSWLEC 145

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Citation 1 (Para 15)

…sons, it is unnecessary to here determine this issue. Disposition [31] Twist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106 at 116; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 at 172 [55] per Spigelman CJ, 193-194 [151], 195 [156]-[157], 197 [164] per Fitzgerald JA. [32](2006) 229 CLR 577 at 611-612 [117] per Kirby and Crennan…
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Citation 2

…al and Indigenous Affairs (2006) 228 CLR 152 — Twist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106 — Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 — Day v Harness Racing (NSW) (2014) 88 NSWLR 594 — LPDT v Minister for Immigration, Citizenship, Migrant Services and Multicultural Affairs [2024] HCA 12 — Taxation Administration Act…
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Citation 3 (Para 14)

…declaratory relief. One recognised basis for refusing relief is the availability of an alternative remedy: see eg Kamha at [87]; Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477; 48 NSWLR 161 at [163] (Fitzgerald JA).…
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Citation 4

…cial Trustee in Bankruptcy (2000) 205 CLR 337; [2000] HCA 63 Great Lakes v Lani (2007) 158 LGERA 1; [2007] NSWLEC 681 Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499; [1936] HCA 40 In the matter of Colour Metal Pty Ltd [2021] NSWSC 1012 Isbester v Knox City Council (2015) 255 CLR…
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Citation 5

…arvey v Minister Administering Water Management Act 2000 [2008] NSWLEC 165; 160 LGERA 50 Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477; 48 NSWLR 161 Holmes v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation (NSW) (No 2) (1988) 19 ATR 1173 Kioa v West [1985] HCA 81; 159 CLR 550 Mackenzie v Head, Transport for Victoria [2021] VSCA 100 Marine Hull an…
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Citation 6 (Para 35)

…hese reasons, as delivered orally at the conclusion of the hearing, I add the following references to authority. In Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477 principles were stated at [162]-[164] (Fitzgerald JA, Beasley JA concurring) on the subject of withholding relief in the nature of prerogative writs…
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Citation 8 (Para 17)

…ent Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135 per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ at [34]; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Spigelman CJ at [72]). A determination based on illogical or irrational findings or inferences of fact will be shown to be a decision not supported by reason and to have no better found…
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Citation 9 (Para 111)

…Some judicial officers have preferred to see this principle as founded upon issues of discretion: see eg Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477 at [55] per Spigelman CJ, [154]–[164] per Fitzgerald JA; Rose v Boxing NSW Inc [2007] NSWSC 20 at [89] per Brereton J.…
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Citation 10 (Para 22)

…emedy was not pursued by the appellant (see, for example, Twist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106 and Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477).…
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Citation 11 (Para 28)

…ect. Thirdly, a right of appeal is no answer to a complaint of procedural unfairness in relation to an initial determination.[15] [15] Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161, 172, 197; cited with approval by McHugh J in Re Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs; Ex parte Miah (2001) 179 ALR 238, 271. Secretary t…
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Citation 12 (Para 9)

…ration of the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135 per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ at [34]; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Spigelman CJ at [72]). A determination that is based on illogical or irrational findings or inferences of fact may be shown to have no better fou…
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Citation 13 (Para 9)

…on of the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135 per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ at [34]; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Spigelman CJ at [72)). A determination based on illogical or irrational findings or inferences of fact will be shown to be a decision not supported b…
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Citation 14

…cy (2000) 205 CLR 337; [2000] HCA 63 Gascor v Elliott [1997] 1 VR 332 Guinness plc v Saunders [1990] 2 AC 663 Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477 Isbester v Knox City Council (2015) 255 CLR 135; [2015] HCA 20 Johnson v Johnson (2000) 201 CLR 488; [2000] HCA 48 Kirby v Dental Council of New South Wales […
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Citation 15

…Gondarra v Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (2014) 220 FCR 202; [2014] FCA 25 Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477 James v Surf Road Nominees Pty Ltd (No 2) [2005] NSWCA 296 Kioa v West (1985) 159 CLR 550; [1985] HCA 81 Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v…
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Citation 16

…] HCA 15 Gondarra v Minister for Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs (2014) 220 FCR 202; [2014] FCA 25 Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477 Kelson v Forward (1995) 60 FCR 39 Kioa v West (1985) 159 CLR 550; [1985] HCA 81 Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v Kumar (2009) 238…
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Citation 17 (Para 33)

…third respondent referred to the observation of Fitzgerald JA in Hill v Green; Jarvis v Buckley; Wood v Buckley; Young v Buckley (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477, at [157], that “ an adequate right of appeal ordinarily provides the appropriate remedy for a denial of procedural fairness at the stage of an initi…
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Citation 18 (Para 4)

…Counsel also referred to the decision of the New South Wales Court of Appeal in Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161. In that case Fitzgerald AJA considered the authorities at length and concluded at [164]: In my opinion, the position can be broadly summarised as follows. In the absence of plain words of necessary intendm…
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Citation 19 (Para 11)

…the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135, 150 at [34] per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161, 174-5 at [72] per Spigelman CJ. A determination based on illogical or irrational findings or inferences of fact will be shown to be a decision not suppo…
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Citation 20 (Para 7)

…tion of the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135 per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ at [34]; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Spigelman CJ at [72]). A determination that is based on illogical or irrational findings or inferences of fact may be shown to have no better found…
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Citation 21

…chanism in place, as is the case here, the Courts are reluctant to exercise their discretion to issue a declaration: see, for example, Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477; (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 at [163]. [56] The review of these cases leads me to the conclusion that, whilst this Court has a discretion to issue a declaratio…
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Citation 23

…992) 29 NSWLR 120 He Kaw Teh v The Queen (1985) 157 CLR 523 Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; [1999] NSWCA 477 Isbester v Knox City Council [2015] HCA 20; 89 ALJR 609 Lim Chin Aik v The Queen [1963] AC 160 McGovern v Ku-ring-gai Council (2008) 72 NSWLR 504; [2008] NSWCA 209 Michael Wilson & Partners Ltd v Nicholls…
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Citation 24 (Para 20)

…he decision-maker to reach a decision by a process of logical reasoning. A contrary interpretation requires clear and unambiguous words: Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477; (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 at 174-175). Where the satisfaction of the decision-maker was based on findings or inferences of fact which are not supported by…
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Citation 25 (Para 90)

…92-593; [1979] 1 NSWLR 1 at 10-12; Minister for Local Government v South Sydney City Council [2002] NSWCA 288 ; 55 NSWLR 381 at [19] ff; Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477; 48 NSWLR 161 at [54]-55], [155] ff. 30. Twist v Randwick City Council [1976] HCA 18; 136 CLR 106 at 111, 116; Hill v Green at [158]-[159].…
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Citation 26 (Para 1)

…e right of appeal ordinarily provides the appropriate remedy for a denial of procedural fairness at the stage of initial determination": Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Fitzgerald JA at [157], citing Marine Hull Liability Insurance Co Ltd v Hurford (1985) 10 FCR 234; applied Marine Hull Liability Insurance Co Ltd…
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Citation 27 (Para 1)

…al may lead to a refusal of relief with respect to the original decision: Twist v Randwick Municipal Council [1976] HCA 58; 136 CLR 106; Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477; 48 NSWLR 161 at [54]-[55] (Spigelman CJ); [155]-[157] (Fitzgerald JA, Beazley JA agreeing).…
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Citation 28

…h Wales (1997) 189 CLR 465; [1997] HCA 34 Hartwig v Builders Registration Board of Western Australia [2009] WASCA 138 Hill v Green; Young v Buckley [1999] NSWCA 477; (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 John Pfeiffer v Rogerson (2000) 203 CLR 503 Jones v Moylan (1997) 18 WAR 492 Kioa v West (1985) 159 CLR 550; [1985] HCA 81 Kostas…
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Citation 29 (Para 1)

…mechanism in place, as is the case here, the Courts are reluctant to exercise their discretion to issue a declaration: see, for example, Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477; (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 at [163].…
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Citation 30 (Para 3)

…dural fairness. The courts retain a discretion to grant other relief if justified in the circumstances of the case. See Fitzgerald JA in Hill v Green [1999] NSWCA 477; (1999) 48 NSWLR 161, at [164].…
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Citation 31

…Chief Executive Officer, Department for Child Protection [2011] WASC 86 Helton v Allen (1940) 63 CLR 691; [1940] HCA 20 Hill v Green; Young v Buckley [1999] NSWCA 477; (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 Hot Holdings Pty Ltd v Creasy [2002] HCA 51; (2002) 210 CLR 438 Kioa v West (1985) 159 CLR 550; [1985] HCA 81 McKay v Commission…
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Citation 35 (Para 8)

…ion of the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135 per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ at [34] ; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Spigelman CJ at [72]). The decision of the Tribunal is to be based upon the formation of the state of satisfaction required by s 65 of the Act. Tha…
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Citation 36

…ice Board [1983] 3 NSWLR 297 Galea v Galea (1990) 19 NSWLR 263 Haoucher v Minister for Immigration and Ethinc Affairs (1990) 169 CLR 648 Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499 Kioa v West (1985) 159 CLR 550 Mitchell v Royal New South Wales Crime Council Limited (2001) 52 NSWLR 242 R v Gene…
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Citation 37 (Para 15)

…ent Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135 per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ at [34]; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Spigelman CJ at [72]). A determination based on illogical or irrational findings or inferences of fact will be shown to be a decision not supported by reason and to have no better found…
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Citation 38 (Para 4)

…e City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135 per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ at [34]; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Spigelman CJ at [72]). A determination based on illogical or irrational findings or inferences of fact will be shown to be a decision not supported by reason…
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Citation 39

…2 So 2d 1271 (La App 4th Cir 1983) Fredericks v Warren 561 So 2d 208 (La App 5th Cir 1990) Hope v Bathurst City Council (1980) 144 CLR 1 Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 Lamac Developments Pty Ltd v Devaugh Pty Ltd (2002) 27 WAR 287 Larkin v Parole Board (1987) 10 NSWLR 57 McPhee v S Bennett Ltd (1934) 52 WN (NSW) 8 M…
Blue Sky Capital Ventures Pty Ltd v Council of the City of Lake Macquarie [2007] NSWLEC 790
Citation 40

…bner v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy (2000) 205 CLR 337; GPI Leisure Corp Ltd v Herdsman Investments Pty Ltd (No 3) (1990) 20 NSWLR 15; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 ; Kioa v West (1985) 159 CLR 550; Kira Holdings Pty Ltd v Liverpool City Council (2004) 132 LGERA 97; Lovell v Lovell (1950) 81 CLR 513; House v The…
SZHYQ v Minister for Immigration [2007] FMCA 2024
Citation 41 (Para 6)

…f the City of Enfield v Development Assessment Commission (2000) 199 CLR 135 per Gleeson CJ, Gummow, Kirby and Hayne JJ at [34]; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 per Spigelman CJ at [72]). A determination based on illogical or irrational findings or inferences of fact will be shown to be a decision not supported by re…
Ngaronoa v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2007] FCA 1565
Citation 42 (Para 52)

…ell be that having exercised his discretion to provide a summary of the protected information, the rules of procedural fairness applied: Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 at [32] – [34], [39].…
Jerrinja Local Aboriginal Land Council v Minister Administering the Crown Lands Act [2007] NSWLEC 577
Citation 43

…Crown Lands Act [1999] NSWLEC 82 ; Federal Commissioner of Taxation v Indooroopilly Children Services (Qld) Pty Ltd (2007) 158 FCR 325 ; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 ; Housing Commission of New South Wales v Falconer [1981] 1 NSWLR 547 ; Jago v The District Court of New South Wales (1989) 168 CLR 23; Khoury v Gove…
Manns v Kennedy [2007] NSWCA 217
Citation 44

…48 NSWLR 161 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499 Howard Hargrave Pty Ltd v Penrith Municipal Council (1958) 3 LGRA 260 Howlett v Neilson [2005] NSWCA 149; (2005) 33 Fam LR 402 Hughes v Egger [2005] NSWSC 18 Ishak v Thowfeek [1968] 1 WLR 1718 James Hardie & Coy Pty Ltd v Roberts and Another [1999] NSWCA 314; (1999)…
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Citation 45

…Ltd v Botany Bay City Council [2007] NSWLEC 236 ; F Hoffman-La Roche & Co AG v Secretary of State for Trade and Industry [1975] AC 295; Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161; Segal & Anor v Waverley Council (2005) 64 NSWLR 177; SZBEL v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs and Anor (2006) 231 A…
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Citation 46

…son v Hearn [1972] 1 NSWLR 428 Hawick v Flegg (1958) 75 WN (NSW) 255 Heywood v Wellers [1976] QB 446 Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 Jarvis v Swan Tours Ltd [1973] QB 233 Johnco Nominees Pty Ltd v Albury Wodonga (NSW) Corporation [1977] 1 NSWLR 43 King v Foxton Racing Club [1953] NZLR 852 Lonrho plc v Fayed (No 5) [1…
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Citation 47 (Para 3)

…h of Australia (1997) 190 CLR 1 at 36 per Brennan CJ. The process adopted by the ABA in its application of s 84(2) must be logical. In Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161, Spigelman CJ said (at 174-175): ‘In my opinion, where a statute or regulation makes provision for an administrative decision in terminology which does…
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Citation 48 (Para 17)

…or the reasons specified above I consider that the Registrar’s decision was reached ‘ by a process of logical reasoning ’: see Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161. I therefore reject Mutitjulu’s Wednesbury submissions.…
SZBVE v Minister for Immigration [2006] FMCA 1671
Citation 49 (Para 3)

…ginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend Ltd (1986) 66 ALR 299 as per Mason J at p.309; SVTB v Minister for Immigration [2004] FCA 1610 as per Lander J at [65]; Hill v Green (1999) NSWLR 161 as per Fitgerald JA at [241].…
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Citation 50

…ncil [1986] AC 484 at 518). The application of the “Wednesbury” principle requires the exercise of proper judicial restraint ( Hill v Green (1999) 48 NSWLR 161 at [241]). The impugned decision “must amount to an abuse of power … or be so devoid of plausible justification that no reasonable person could have taken that…

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Cases Cited

Pantzer v Wenkart [2007] FCAFC 27
Citation 1

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Wang v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 903
Citation 2

…e appellant who bore the onus of proof on the material issue presented him with special difficulties, the majority opinion was not confined to such a case but was expressed as a general principle applicable to factual conclusions. Kirby P dissented in Azzopardi , (1985) 4 NSWLR 139, 155-157. and subsequently from tim…
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Citation 3

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Citation 4 (Para 136)

…t, an appeal from such a decision could only be brought (so far as presently material) if the appellant was aggrieved “in point of law”. While the Workers Compensation Commission decision under appeal preceded the Compensation Court Act 1984, that Act had been passed at the time of this Court’s decision in Azzop…
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Citation 5

…nnetts v McCann 170 CLR 596 Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission 175 CLR 564 Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin 170 CLR 1 Durham Holdings Pty Ltd v NSW [1999] NSWCA 324 Matkevich v NSW Technical & Further Education Commission (No.3) (Court of Appeal, 3 February 1996, unreported) Smith v Allan (1993) 31 NSWLR 52 Vanme…
Mr A v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [1999] FCA 1086
Citation 6 (Para 49)

…zzopardi v Tasman UEB Industries Ltd (1985) 4 NSWLR 139 was not raised in argument. Within its proper scope of application, Azzopardi should in my view continue to be followed in this State unless and until leave to challenge it is given by this Court or it is overruled by the High Court. 87 SHELLER JA: I have had…
R v Young [1999] NSWCCA 166
Citation 7 (Para 23)

…1 at 17-18). The process by which the courts read down words of general application is well established. (See the authorities collected in R v Young [1999] NSWCCA 166 at [23]-[25] and my address “Statutory Interpretation: Identifying the Linguistic Register”, the Sir Ninian Stephen Lecture at the University of Newc…
Minister for Immigration v Eshetu [1999] HCATrans 159
Citation 8

…dence to support the findings and conclusion adverse to the appellant who bore the onus of proof on the material issue presented him with special difficulties, the majority opinion was not confined to such a case but was expressed as a general principle applicable to factual conclusions. Kirby P dissented in Azzopardi , (1985) 4 NSWLR 139, 155-157. and subsequen…
Vasil v National Australia Bank Ltd [1999] NSWCA 161
Citation 9

…phasised the broad nature of the appeal for which the relevant statute provided. The Government and Related Employees Appeal Tribunal Act similarly envisages a “full appeal”. Sections 24, 36, 38, 41-44, 48. Theoretically, at least, a person charged with a disciplinary offence who is denied procedural fairness in re…
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Eshetu [1999] HCA 21
Citation 10

…lant who bore the onus of proof on the material issue presented him with special difficulties, the majority opinion was not confined to such a case but was expressed as a general principle applicable to factual conclusions. Kirby P dissented in Azzopardi , (1985) 4 NSWLR 139, 155-157. and subsequently from tim…
Murray v Legal Services Commissioner [1999] NSWCA 70
Citation 11

…84 FCR 411 Azzopardi v Tasman UEB Industries Ltd (1985) 4 NSWLR 139 Baba v Parole Board of NSW (1986) 5 NSWLR 338 Murray v Legal Services Commission [1999] NSWCA 70 Twist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106 R v Marks; ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers Federatio…
State Rail Authority of New South Wales v Earthline Constructions Pty Ltd (In Liq) [1999] HCA 3
Citation 12

…rst instance” redetermination. Nonetheless, the Court retains a discretion to grant other relief if that is justified in the circumstances of the case. For example, a person charged with a disciplinary offence which involves criminal conduct should not be obliged to give evidence and expose himself or herself to the…
Vanmeld Pty Ltd v Fairfield City Council [1999] NSWCA 6
Citation 13

…Education Commission (No.3) (Court of Appeal, 3 February 1996, unreported) Smith v Allan (1993) 31 NSWLR 52 Vanmeld Pty Ltd v Fairfield City Council (1999) 46 NSWLR 78 Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond 170 CLR 321 Bruce v Cole (1998) 45 NSWLR 163 Minister for Immigration v Eshetu (1999) 73 ALJR 746 Minister fo…
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Epeabaka [1999] FCA 1
Citation 14

…46 NSWLR 78 Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond 170 CLR 321 Bruce v Cole (1998) 45 NSWLR 163 Minister for Immigration v Eshetu (1999) 73 ALJR 746 Minister for Immigration v Epeabaka (1998) 84 FCR 411 Azzopardi v Tasman UEB Industries Ltd (1985) 4 NSWLR 139 Baba v Parole Board of NSW (1986) 5 NSWLR 338 Murray v Legal Services Commission…
Fleming v The Queen [1998] HCA 68
Citation 15

…or that purpose, even if the appeal involves routine forensic disadvantages compared to a “first instance” redetermination. Nonetheless, the Court retains a discretion to grant other relief if that is justified in the circumstances of the case. For example, a person charged with a disciplinary offence which involve…
Project Blue Sky Inc v Australian Broadcasting Authority [1998] HCA 53
Citation 16

…However, that conclusion must depend on the statutory context (c/f Bruce v Cole supra at 189F-G). In my opinion, where a statute or regulation makes provision for an administrative decision in terminology which does not confer an unfettered discretion on the decision maker, the Courts should approach the c…
Oates v Williams [1998] FCA 775
Citation 17

…6 CLR 106 R v Marks; ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers Federation 147 CLR 471 Oates v Attorney-General (Cth) (1998) 156 ALR 1 Johns v ASC 178 CLR 408 Macksville v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708 Lisafa Holdings Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Police (1988) 15 NSWLR 1 Waitakere City Coun…
Bruce v Cole [1998] NSWCA 45
Citation 18

…Allan (1993) 31 NSWLR 52 Vanmeld Pty Ltd v Fairfield City Council (1999) 46 NSWLR 78 Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond 170 CLR 321 Bruce v Cole (1998) 45 NSWLR 163 Minister for Immigration v Eshetu (1999) 73 ALJR 746 Minister for Immigration v Epeabaka (1998) 84 FCR 411 Azzopardi v Tasman UEB Industries Ltd (198…
Walker v Secretary, Department of Social Security [1997] FCA 589
Citation 19

…scure. 157 The theory which has received most assent is that an adequate right of appeal ordinarily provides the appropriate remedy for a denial of procedural fairness at the stage of an initial determination. See, for example, Marine Hull Liability Insurance Co Ltd v Hurford (1985) 10 FCR 234; appld (1986) 57 ALR 7…
Collector of Customs v AGFA-Gevaert Ltd [1996] HCA 36
Citation 20

…ry principle where it applies. That principle requires something more than absence of a rational process (see A v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [1999] FCA 1086 at [49] per Lee J). If illogicality (in its strict and formal sense) were to be accepted as a basis for challenging certain administrative…
Reid v Howard [1995] HCATrans 383
Citation 21

…CLR 106. or R v Marks . (1981) 147 CLR 471. Both cases emphasised the broad nature of the appeal for which the relevant statute provided. The Government and Related Employees Appeal Tribunal Act similarly envisages a “full appeal”. Sections 24, 36, 38, 41-44, 48. Theoretically, at least, a person charged with a di…
Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teo [1995] FCA 246
Citation 22

…of logical reasoning. (See also Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Epeabaka (1998) 84 FCR 411 at [20]-[26]). However, that conclusion must depend on the statutory context (c/f Bruce v Cole supra at 189F-G). In my opinion, where a statute or regulation makes provision for an administrative decision in term…
Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh [1995] HCA 20
Citation 23
Dorf Industries Pty Ltd v Toose [1994] FCA 986
Citation 24

…ch as an appeal, is available. R v Federal Court; ex parte Western Australia National Football League (Inc) (1979) 143 CLR 190, 230-231, 238; R v Cook; ex parte Twigg (1980) 147 CLR 15; R v Ross-Jones; ex parte Green (1984) 156 CLR 185; R v Commonwealth Court of Conciliation and Arbitration; ex parte Ozone Theatres (…
Chen Zhen Zi v Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs [1994] FCA 985
Citation 25

…-440, 444, 450 and 451; Chen Zhen Zi v Minister for Immigration & Ethnic Affairs (1994) 121 ALR 83, 91-94; Murray v Legal Services Commissioner [1999] NSWCA 70. which, in the context of subcll 15(2) and (3) of the Regulation, was only possible in an inquiry pursuant to subcll 15(2)(b) and 16. 149 What has been said to this point is concerned with the operation…
Zi, C.Z. v Minister for Immigration & Ethnic Affairs [1994] FCA 145
Citation 26

…llegations. Further, some form of testing of the complainant by the decision maker or, perhaps, by representatives of Mr Hill, was also required. 51 Fitzgerald JA discusses the relevance of the right of appeal to GREAT. His Honour refers to the different ways in which such a right has been seen to impinge on a requi…
Queensland Newsagents Federation Ltd v Trade Practices Commission [1993] FCA 792
Citation 27

…ly elaborated, avoids the difficulties involved in other suggested explanations of why an adequate right of appeal can provide an answer to a denial of procedural fairness in respect of an initial determination, and is compatible with legal principle. 158 In Twist , (1976) 136 CLR 106, 111. Barwick CJ stated 136 CLR…
Johns v Australian Securities Commission [1993] HCA 56
Citation 28

…Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers Federation 147 CLR 471 Oates v Attorney-General (Cth) (1998) 156 ALR 1 Johns v ASC 178 CLR 408 Macksville v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708 Lisafa Holdings Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Police (1988) 15 NSWLR 1 Waitakere City Council v Lovelock (1997) 2…
Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission [1992] HCA 10
Citation 29

…sation Act 1926 Compensation Court Act 1984 CASES CITED: Kioa v West 159 CLR 550 Annetts v McCann 170 CLR 596 Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission 175 CLR 564 Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin 170 CLR 1 Durham Holdings Pty Ltd v NSW [1999] NSWCA 324 Matkevich v NSW Technical & Further Education Commission (No.3…
BTR Plc v Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co (Australia) Ltd [1992] FCA 47
Citation 30
Annetts v McCann [1990] HCA 57
Citation 31

…ct 1980 Industrial Relations Act 1996 Workers Compensation Act 1926 Compensation Court Act 1984 CASES CITED: Kioa v West 159 CLR 550 Annetts v McCann 170 CLR 596 Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission 175 CLR 564 Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin 170 CLR 1 Durham Holdings Pty Ltd v NSW [1999] NSWCA 324 Matkevich…
Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond [1990] HCA 33
Citation 32

…996, unreported) Smith v Allan (1993) 31 NSWLR 52 Vanmeld Pty Ltd v Fairfield City Council (1999) 46 NSWLR 78 Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond 170 CLR 321 Bruce v Cole (1998) 45 NSWLR 163 Minister for Immigration v Eshetu (1999) 73 ALJR 746 Minister for Immigration v Epeabaka (1998) 84 FCR 411 Azzopardi…
Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin [1990] HCA 21
Citation 33

…4 CASES CITED: Kioa v West 159 CLR 550 Annetts v McCann 170 CLR 596 Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission 175 CLR 564 Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin 170 CLR 1 Durham Holdings Pty Ltd v NSW [1999] NSWCA 324 Matkevich v NSW Technical & Further Education Commission (No.3) (Court of Appeal, 3 February 1996, unr…
Fares Rural Meat and Livestock Co Pty Ltd v Australian Meat and Live-stock Corporation [1990] FCA 181
Citation 34

…td v Commissioner of Police (1988) 15 NSWLR 1 Waitakere City Council v Lovelock (1997) 2 NZLR 385 Fares Rules Meat v Australian Meat & Livestock Corp (1990) 96 ALR 153 Abebe v The Commonwealth (1999) 162 ALR 1 DECISION: See orders…
Re Association of Architects of Australia; ex parte Municipal Officers Association of Australia [1989] HCA 13
Citation 35

…established. 191 Having regard to the approach adopted by Young, the small penalty involved and the absence of any point of general principle, I would refuse him leave to appeal, with costs. 192 As indicated above, similar orders are appropriate in respect of the application by Jarvis. Wood 193 Although the procedur…
Macksville and District Hospital v Mayze [1988] HCATrans 25
Citation 36

…on Employees and Builders Labourers Federation 147 CLR 471 Oates v Attorney-General (Cth) (1998) 156 ALR 1 Johns v ASC 178 CLR 408 Macksville v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708 Lisafa Holdings Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Police (1988) 15 NSWLR 1 Waitakere City Council v Lovelock (1997) 2 NZLR 385 Fares Rules Meat v Australian…
South Australia v O'Shea [1987] HCA 39
Citation 37

…ia v O’Shea (1987) 163 CLR 378, 389. See also Twist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106, 111, 116; R v Marks; ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers’ Federation (1981) 147 CLR 471, 484-485; Oates v Attorney-General (Cth) (1998) 156 ALR 1, 12; reversed on another ground,…
Minister for Aboriginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend Ltd [1986] HCA 40
Citation 38
Kioa v West [1985] HCA 81
Citation 39

…Employees' Appeal Tribunal Act 1980 Industrial Relations Act 1996 Workers Compensation Act 1926 Compensation Court Act 1984 CASES CITED: Kioa v West 159 CLR 550 Annetts v McCann 170 CLR 596 Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission 175 CLR 564 Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin 170 CLR 1 Durham Holdings Pty Ltd v NS…
R v Ross-Jones; Ex parte Green [1984] HCA 82
Citation 40

…(1955) 97 CLR 492, 498; Macksville & District Hospital v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708, 719-723; Boral Gas (NSW) Pty Ltd v Magill (1993) 32 NSWLR 501. See also R v Chief Constable Of Merseyside Police; ex parte Calveley [1986] QB 424, 433, 435. In R v Inland Revenue Commission; ex parte Preston , [1985] AC 835, 852. Lord…
R v Marks; Ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers' Federation [1981] HCA 33
Citation 41

…wist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106 R v Marks; ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers Federation 147 CLR 471 Oates v Attorney-General (Cth) (1998) 156 ALR 1 Johns v ASC 178 CLR 408 Macksville v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708 Lisafa Holdings Pty Ltd v Commissioner…
R v Cook; ex parte Twigg [1980] HCA 36
Citation 42

…89, 400; Tooth & Co Ltd v Parramatta City Council (1955) 97 CLR 492, 498; Macksville & District Hospital v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708, 719-723; Boral Gas (NSW) Pty Ltd v Magill (1993) 32 NSWLR 501. See also R v Chief Constable Of Merseyside Police; ex parte Calveley [1986] QB 424, 433, 435. In R v Inland Revenue Comm…
R v Federal Court of Australia; ex parte WA National Football League [1979] HCA 6
Citation 43

…tration; ex parte Ozone Theatres (Aust) Ltd (1949) 78 CLR 389, 400; Tooth & Co Ltd v Parramatta City Council (1955) 97 CLR 492, 498; Macksville & District Hospital v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708, 719-723; Boral Gas (NSW) Pty Ltd v Magill (1993) 32 NSWLR 501. See also R v Chief Constable Of Merseyside Police; ex parte Ca…
Sullivan v Department of Transport [1978] FCA 48
Citation 44

…dequate evidentiary foundation for the respondent Buckley’s conclusion that the charge against Young was established. 191 Having regard to the approach adopted by Young, the small penalty involved and the absence of any point of general principle, I would refuse him leave to appeal, with costs. 192 As indicated abov…
Heatley v Tasmanian Racing and Gaming Commission [1977] HCA 39
Citation 45

…ing & Gaming Commission (1977) 137 CLR 487, 516; McCormack v FCT (1979) 52 ALJR 436, 439-440, 444, 450 and 451; Chen Zhen Zi v Minister for Immigration & Ethnic Affairs (1994) 121 ALR 83, 91-94; Murray v Legal Services Commissioner [1999] NSWCA 70. which, in the context of subcll 15(2) and (3) of the Regulation, was…
Twist v Randwick Municipal Council [1976] HCA 58
Citation 46

…1985) 4 NSWLR 139 Baba v Parole Board of NSW (1986) 5 NSWLR 338 Murray v Legal Services Commission [1999] NSWCA 70 Twist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106 R v Marks; ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers Federation 147 CLR 471 Oates v Attorney-General (Cth) (1998) 15…
Forster v Jododex Australia Pty Ltd [1972] HCA 61
Citation 47

…gative relief when an adequate alternative remedy such as an appeal, is available. R v Federal Court; ex parte Western Australia National Football League (Inc) (1979) 143 CLR 190, 230-231, 238; R v Cook; ex parte Twigg (1980) 147 CLR 15; R v Ross-Jones; ex parte Green (1984) 156 CLR 185; R v Commonwealth Court of Con…
Ridge v Baldwin (No 1) [1963] UKHL 2
Citation 48

…e by an original decision-maker to provide procedural fairness. The meaning of this proposition is unclear, and the statement is not readily referable to any identifiable legal principle. Perhaps what is meant is that “a full and fair hearing in the appeal” makes any denial of natural justice by the original decision-mak…
Commissioner of Police v Tanos [1958] HCA 6
Citation 49

…which has been adopted in the procedural fairness cases is “express words of plain intendment”. ( Commissioner of Police v Tanos (1958) 98 CLR 383 at 396; J v Lieschke (1987) 162 CLR 446 at 463; Annetts v McCann supra at 598; Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission supra at 576.) This is the equivalent of the vario…
Tooth & Co Ltd v Parramatta City Council [1955] HCA 21
Citation 50

…Of Merseyside Police; ex parte Calveley [1986] QB 424, 433, 435. In R v Inland Revenue Commission; ex parte Preston , [1985] AC 835, 852. Lord Scarman accepted that the grant or refusal of such relief when there is an adequate appeal from an initial determination which involved a denial of procedural fairness should…

Legislation Cited

Compensation Court Act 1984 (NSW)
1 mention
Government and Related Employees Appeal Tribunal Act 1980 (NSW)
1 mention
Industrial Relations Act 1996 (NSW)
1 mention
Interpretation Act 1987 (NSW)
1 mention
Teaching Services Act 1980 (NSW)
1 mention
Workers' Compensation Act 1926 (NSW)
1 mention

CITATION:	Hill v Green; Jarvis v Buckley; Wood v Buckley; Young v Buckley [1999] NSWCA 477
FILE NUMBER(S):	CA 40224/98; 40225/98; 40226/98; 40724/98
HEARING DATE(S):	22 June 1999
JUDGMENT DATE:	22 December 1999
PARTIES :	Donald Hill (Cl) v George Green (Op) Maureen Jarvis (Cl) v Steve Buckley (Op) Walter Henry Wood (Cl) v Steve Buckley (Op) Brian Young (Cl) v Steve Buckley (Op)
JUDGMENT OF:	Spigelman CJ at 1; Mason P at 83; Sheller JA at 87; Beazley JA at 110; Fitzgerald JA at 111

LOWER COURT JURISDICTION:	Supreme Court
LOWER COURT FILE NUMBER(S) :	30105/97 30104/97 30121/97 30057/98
LOWER COURT JUDICIAL OFFICER:	Grove J, Dunford J

COUNSEL:	Cl: C Porter QC, J Bishop, P M Lane Op: P Menzies QC, T Anderson
SOLICITORS:	Cl: MacMahon Associates Op(1,2,3): I V Knight Op(4): Adrian Murphy (Green)
CATCHWORDS:	Administrative Law; procedural fairness/natural justice; teachers' disciplinary charges found proven without hearing/inquiry; question of whether regulatory scheme constituted a "code"; "curing" effect of right of appeal; perverse fact-finding and error of law.
ACTS CITED:	Teaching Services Act 1980 Interpretation Act 1987 Government and Related Employees' Appeal Tribunal Act 1980 Industrial Relations Act 1996 Workers Compensation Act 1926 Compensation Court Act 1984
CASES CITED:	Kioa v West 159 CLR 550 Annetts v McCann 170 CLR 596 Ainsworth v Criminal Justice Commission 175 CLR 564 Attorney-General (NSW) v Quin 170 CLR 1 Durham Holdings Pty Ltd v NSW [1999] NSWCA 324 Matkevich v NSW Technical & Further Education Commission (No.3) (Court of Appeal, 3 February 1996, unreported) Smith v Allan (1993) 31 NSWLR 52 Vanmeld Pty Ltd v Fairfield City Council (1999) 46 NSWLR 78 Australian Broadcasting Tribunal v Bond 170 CLR 321 Bruce v Cole (1998) 45 NSWLR 163 Minister for Immigration v Eshetu (1999) 73 ALJR 746 Minister for Immigration v Epeabaka (1998) 84 FCR 411 Azzopardi v Tasman UEB Industries Ltd (1985) 4 NSWLR 139 Baba v Parole Board of NSW (1986) 5 NSWLR 338 Murray v Legal Services Commission [1999] NSWCA 70 Twist v Randwick Municipal Council (1976) 136 CLR 106 R v Marks; ex parte Australian Building Construction Employees and Builders Labourers Federation 147 CLR 471 Oates v Attorney-General (Cth) (1998) 156 ALR 1 Johns v ASC 178 CLR 408 Macksville v Mayze (1987) 10 NSWLR 708 Lisafa Holdings Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Police (1988) 15 NSWLR 1 Waitakere City Council v Lovelock (1997) 2 NZLR 385 Fares Rules Meat v Australian Meat & Livestock Corp (1990) 96 ALR 153 Abebe v The Commonwealth (1999) 162 ALR 1
DECISION:	See orders