Cherry v Steele-Park
[2017] NSWCA 295
Para 99
…“Admissible” in this context means use rather than receipt into evidence: Cherry v Park-Steele [2017] NSWCA 295 at [69]. In other words, ambiguity is not required to be established as a gateway before evidence of surrounding circumstances can be considered: Cherry at [71]. If a written contract is ambiguous, eviden…
Ecosse Property Holdings Pty Ltd v Gee Dee Nominees Pty Ltd
[2017] HCA 12
Para 99
…of surrounding circumstances may be tendered and used to assist in its construction: Ecosse Property Holdings Pty Ltd v Gee Dee Nominees Pty Ltd (2017) 91 ALJR 486.…
WIN Corporation Pty Ltd v Nine Network Australia Pty Ltd
[2016] NSWCA 297
Para 96
…ties to elucidate with greater precision the commercial purpose or the subject matter of the contract: WIN Corporation Pty Ltd v Nine Network Pty Ltd [2016] NSWCA 297 at [57].…
Redmond Family Holdings v GC Access Pty Ltd
[2016] NSWSC 796
Para 152
…e a reasonable ground for making the representation at the time that the representation was made: Redmond Family Holdings Pty Ltd v GC Access Pty Ltd [2016] NSWSC 796 at [52].…
Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd
[2015] HCA 37
Para 96
…pose: Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at [35] and Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd (2015) 256 CLR 104 at [46]-[51].…
Newey v Westpac Banking Corporation
[2014] NSWCA 319
Para 1
…must give effect to that language unless to do so would give the contract an absurd operation: Newey v Westpac Banking Corporation [2014] NSWCA 319 at [91]; and…
Mainteck Services Pty Ltd v Stein Heurtey SA
[2014] NSWCA 184
Para 100
…ng Commission v Australasian Performing Right Association Ltd (1973) 129 CLR 99 at 109 (Gibbs CJ) and Mainteck Services Pty Ltd v Stein Hurley SA (2014) 89 NSWLR 633 at [74] (Leeming JA).…
Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd
[2014] HCA 7
Para 96
…parties by reference to the contractual text construed in light of its context and purpose: Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at [35] and Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd (2015) 256 CLR 104 at [46]-[51].…
McGrath v Sturesteps; Sturesteps v HIH Overseas Holdings Ltd (in liquidation) (No 2)
[2011] NSWCA 331
Para 2
…ning of the words merely because it regards the result as inconvenient or unjust: McGrath v Suresteps; Suresteps v HIH Overseas Holdings Ltd (in liq) (2011) 81 NSWLR 690 at [17].…
Wright v Foresight Constructions Pty Ltd
[2011] NSWCA 327
Para 141
…r breach of contract and cannot enforce the contract: Pavey & Matthews Pty Ltd v Paul (1987) 162 CLR 221 and Wright v Foresight Constructions Pty Ltd [2011] NSWCA 327.…
Australian Competition and Consumer Commission v Singtel Optus Pty Ltd
[2010] FCA 1177
Para 169
…ect of transitory conduct may be alleviated by corrective conduct to contextualise the conduct claimed to be misleading: ACCC v Singtel Optus Pty Ltd [2010] FCA 1177.…
Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd v FKP Ltd
[2008] FCA 1915
Para 171
…e promise or representation had no intention or capability of carrying it out at the time it was made: Coles Supermarkets Australia Pty Ltd v FKP Ltd [2008] FCA 1915.…
Knight v Beyond Properties Pty Ltd
[2007] FCAFC 170
Para 169
…ely dispelled may, depending on the circumstances, be of no commercial significance and not actionable in damages: Knight v Beyond Properties Pty Ltd [2007] FCAFC 170. Even if misleading, the effect of transitory conduct may be alleviated by corrective conduct to contextualise the conduct claimed to be misleading:…
Quinlan v A and J Brady Pty Ltd
[2007] FCA 1409
Para 122
…Essential terms may include terms that would ordinarily be agreed in a transaction of the kind entered into: Quinlan v A & J Brady Pty Ltd [2007] FCA 1409 at [178]-[179] (Weinberg J).…
Idoshore Pty Limited v IPN Medical Centres (NSW) Pty Limited
[2007] FCA 1175
Para 170
…ent did not explicitly exclude the operation of any collateral warranties and representations: Idoshore Pty Ltd v IPN Medical Centres (NSW) Pty Ltd [2007] FCA 1175.…
Abigroup Contractors Pty Ltd v Sydney Catchment Authority (No 3)
[2006] NSWCA 282
Para 177
…There is no single and immutable test for causation for the purposes of s 236: Abigroup Contractors Pty Ltd v Sydney Catchment Authority (No 3) (2006) 67 NSWLR 341. Causation does not have to be established by direct evidence of the part that the relevant representation played. It is open to the court to determine the…
Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd
[2004] HCA 60
Para 164
…ach party knew, or should be taken to have known, about the other as a result of the nature of their dealings: Butcher v Lachlan Elder Realty Pty Ltd (2004) 218 CLR 592.…
Toll (FGCT) Pty Ltd v Alphapharm Pty Ltd
[2004] HCA 52
Para 97
…Evidence of the parties’ subjective intentions is not relevant to construction of a contract: Toll (FGCT) Pty Ltd v Alphapharm Pty Ltd (2004) 219 CLR 165 at [40].…
Abigroup Contractors Pty Ltd v Sydney Catchment Authority
[2004] NSWCA 270
Para 177
…There is no single and immutable test for causation for the purposes of s 236: Abigroup Contractors Pty Ltd v Sydney Catchment Authority (No 3) (2006) 67 NSWLR 341. Causation does not have to be established by direct evidence of the part that the relevant representation played. It is open to the cou…
Murphy v Overton Investments Pty Ltd
[2004] HCA 3
Para 179
…amount that may be recovered is to be limited by drawing analogies with the law of contract or the law of torts: Murphy v Overton Investments Pty Ltd (2004) 78 ALJR 324 and Wardley Australia Ltd v Western Australia (1992) 175 CLR 514.…
I & L Securities Pty Ltd v HTW Valuers (Brisbane) Pty Ltd
[2002] HCA 41
Para 176
…re of those considerations, provided it has some substantial rather than negligible effect: I & L Securities Pty Ltd v HTW Valuers (Brisbane) Pty Ltd (2002) 210 CLR 109.…
Campomar Sociedad, Limitada v Nike International Ltd
[2000] HCA 12
Para 158
…nd that the conduct complained of was misleading, but intent is not an essential element of s 18: Campomar Sociedad Limatada v Nike International Ltd (2000) 202 CLR 45 at 63.…
SAP Australia Pty Ltd v Sapient Australia Pty Ltd
[1999] FCA 1821
Para 159
…ected at a later point in time does not mean that the representation is not capable of being found to be misleading or deceptive: Tec & Thomas (Aust) Pty Ltd v Matsumiya Computer Co Pty Ltd (1984) 1 FCR 28.…
Hanave Pty Ltd v LFOT Pty Ltd
[1999] FCA 357
Para 177
…t representation played. It is open to the court to determine the effect which the representation is taken to have had: Hanave Pty Ltd v LFOT Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 357.…
Marks v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd
[1998] HCA 69
Para 178
…l that is necessary is a sufficient and direct link between the loss or damage alleged to have been suffered and the misleading or deceptive conduct: Marks v GIO Australia Holdings Ltd (1998) 196 CLR 494.…
Watson v Foxman
[1995] NSWCA 497
Para 165
…special care needs to be taken before determining on the relevant standard of proof that the words convey a misleading impression. In Watson v Foxman (2000) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-319, McLelland CJ at CL (as his Honour then was) stated:…
Saddington v Building Workers Industrial Union of Australia
[1993] FCA 473
Para 166
…constituted by acts, omissions, statements or silence, there has been conduct likely to mislead or deceive: General Newspapers Pty Ltd v Telstra Corp (1993) 117 ALR 629. Silence is to be assessed as a circumstance like any other. Section 18 does not impose any general duty of disclosure. The question is whether, havi…
Wardley Australia Ltd v Western Australia
[1992] HCA 55
Para 179
…s with the law of contract or the law of torts: Murphy v Overton Investments Pty Ltd (2004) 78 ALJR 324 and Wardley Australia Ltd v Western Australia (1992) 175 CLR 514.…
Commonwealth v Amann Aviation Pty Ltd
[1991] HCA 54
Para 147
…f, being the difference between gross receipts and the payment of expenses necessary to perform the work : Commonwealth of Australia v Amann Aviation (1991) 174 CLR 64 at 81 (Mason CJ and Dawson J). The plaintiff must prove the fact of loss and the amount of damages on the balance of probabilities: JLW (Vic) Pty Ltd…
Poseidon Ltd v Adelaide Petroleum NL
[1991] FCA 663
Para 168
…ttention of the other party: Lam v Ausintel Investments Aust Pty Ltd (1990) 97 FLR 458 at 475 (Gleeson CJ) and Poseidon Ltd v Adelaide Petroleum NL (1991) 105 ALR 25-26 (Burchett J).…
March v E & MH Stramare Pty Ltd
[1991] HCA 12
Para 174
…ct in breach of s 18. This picks up the common law practical or common sense concept of causation and remoteness: March v Stramare (E & MH) Pty Ltd (1991) 171 CLR 506.…
Lam v Ausintel Investments Australia Pty Limited
[1990] HCATrans 63
Para 168
…not impose any obligation on the first party to bring the information to the attention of the other party: Lam v Ausintel Investments Aust Pty Ltd (1990) 97 FLR 458 at 475 (Gleeson CJ) and Poseidon Ltd v Adelaide Petroleum NL (1991) 105 ALR 25-26 (Burchett J).…
Johnson v Perez
[1988] HCA 64
Para 180
…o solutions best adapted to give the injured plaintiff an amount in damages which will most fairly compensate for the wrong suffered: Johnson v Perez (1988) 166 CLR 351. Damages are available under s 236 for consequential loss, as long as that loss is a direct result of the conduct in question: Frith v Gold Coast Min…
Henjo Investments Pty Ltd v Collins Marrickville Pty Ltd
[1988] FCA 40
Para 161
…The fact that a person who has been the subject of a misrepresentation has been careless or could have discovered the misrepresentation had he or she made proper enquiries does not absolve the maker of the misrepresentation from liability for breach of s 18: Collins Marrickville Pty Ltd v Henjo Inve…
Collins Marrickville Pty Ltd v Henjo Investments Pty Ltd
[1987] FCA 282
Para 161
…iries does not absolve the maker of the misrepresentation from liability for breach of s 18: Collins Marrickville Pty Ltd v Henjo Investments Pty Ltd (1987) 72 ALR 601 upheld on appeal Henjo Investments Pty Ltd v Collins Marrickville Pty Ltd (No 1) (1988) 79 ALR 83.…
Pavey & Matthews Pty Ltd v Paul
[1987] HCA 5
Para 141
…ract for residential building work is not entitled to damages for breach of contract and cannot enforce the contract: Pavey & Matthews Pty Ltd v Paul (1987) 162 CLR 221 and Wright v Foresight Constructions Pty Ltd [2011] NSWCA 327.…
Enzed Holdings Ltd v Wynthea Pty Ltd
[1984] FCA 416
Para 181
…or damage has occurred and it is insufficient for a plaintiff merely to show wrongful conduct by the defendant: Enzed Holdings Ltd v Wynthea Pty Ltd (1984) 57 ALR 167 at 182.…
Global Sportsman Pty Ltd v Mirror Newspapers Ltd
[1984] FCA 180
Para 163
…a real or not remote chance or possibility, regardless of whether it is less than or more than 50%: Global Sportsman Pty Ltd v Mirror Newspapers Ltd (1984) 55 ALR 25.…
Frith v Gold Coast Mineral Springs Pty Ltd
[1983] FCA 224
Para 180
…rez (1988) 166 CLR 351. Damages are available under s 236 for consequential loss, as long as that loss is a direct result of the conduct in question: Frith v Gold Coast Mineral Springs Pty Ltd (1983) 65 FLR 213.…
Frith v Gold Coast Mineral Springs Pty Ltd
[1983] FCA 27
Para 180
…le under s 236 for consequential loss, as long as that loss is a direct result of the conduct in question: Frith v Gold Coast Mineral Springs Pty Ltd (1983) 65 FLR 213.…
Taco Company of Australia Inc v Taco Bell Pty Ltd
[1982] FCA 170
Para 157
…t cannot be categorised as misleading unless in all the circumstances, it leads the respondent into error: Taco Co of Aust Inc v Taco Co Bell Pty Ltd (1982) 2 TPR 48 and Parkdale at 198 (Gibbs CJ).…
Parkdale Custom Built Furniture Pty Ltd v Puxu Pty Ltd
[1982] HCA 44
Para 155
…ill only be misleading or deceptive if it induces or is capable of inducing error: Parkdale Custom Built Furniture Pty Ltd v Puxu Pty Ltd (1982) 149 CLR 191.…
Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales
[1982] HCA 24
Para 98
…ssible to contradict the language of the contract when it has a plain meaning: Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 352 (Mason J, Stephen and Wilson JJ agreeing).…
Hornsby Building Information Centre Pty Ltd v Sydney Building Information Centre Ltd
[1978] HCA 11
Para 160
…deceived or is likely to mislead or deceive: Parkdale at 197 and Hornsby Building Information Centre Pty Ltd v Sydney Building Information Centre Ltd (1978) 140 CLR 216 at 223.…
R v Credit Tribunal; Ex parte General Motors Acceptance Corporation
[1977] HCA 34
Para 156
…and at other times objectively misleading. Its meaning is influenced by the context in which it is found: R v Credit Tribunal (SA); Ex parte GMAC (1977) 137 CLR 545 at 561.…
Australian Broadcasting Commission v Australasian Performing Right Association Ltd
[1973] HCA 36
Para 100
…osen by the parties to record their agreement: Cherry at [72], Australian Broadcasting Commission v Australasian Performing Right Association Ltd (1973) 129 CLR 99 at 109 (Gibbs CJ) and Mainteck Services Pty Ltd v Stein Hurley SA (2014) 89 NSWLR 633 at [74] (Leeming JA).…
Thorby v Goldberg
[1964] HCA 41
Para 120
…on. There is no concluded contract where an essential or critical term is expressly left for future agreement between the parties: Thorby v Goldberg (1964) 112 CLR 597 at 607 (Menzies J).…
Hall v Busst
[1960] HCA 84
Para 121
…the parties must agree on their respective rights and obligations and it is not a matter for the court to write the agreement for them: Hall v Busst (1960) 104 CLR 206 at 222.…
Axelsen v O'Brien
[1949] HCA 18
Para 119
…A contract is uncertain if essential terms are uncertain or lacking: Axelsen v O’Brien (1949) 80 CLR 219 at 226. Inessential terms can be filled in by the court, ignored or severed. At least the parties to the contract, the principal undertakings, the subject matter, and the price must be certain: ANZ Banking Group…
Howard Smith & Co Ltd v Varawa
[1907] HCA 38
Para 118
…espondence following the offer and acceptance can be used as evidence to show whether or not a contract was concluded: Howard Smith & Co Ltd v Varawa (1907) 5 CLR 68.…