Stallan v Kent
[2025] QDC 177
Citation 1
…100 ATR 772 Muschinski v Dodds (1985) 160 CLR 538 Peffer v Rigg & Anor [1977] WLR 285 Swettenham v Wild [2005] QCA 264 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 COUNSEL: C Ryall for the plaintiffs P Sommers for the defendant SOLICITORS: Absolute Law for the plaintiffs O’Connor Law for the defendant…
Kapila v Monument Building Group Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 1306
Citation 2
(Para 23)
…avit was prepared I have borne in mind the well-known observations of McLelland CJ in Eq regarding the fallibility of human memory in Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318:…
Hartfield v Calvary Healthcare Act Ltd (No 4)
[2025] ACTSC 488
Citation 3
…ect Pty Ltd (in liq) [2023] NSWCA 291 Vairy v Wyong Shire Council [2005] HCA 62; 223 CLR 422 Wallace v Kam [2013] HCA 19; 250 CLR 375 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 West v Government Insurance Office of New South Wales [1981] HCA 38; 148 CLR 62 Wilkins v Council of the City of Broken Hill [2005] NSWCA 468…
Townsend v Rice Construction Group Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWPIC 581
Citation 4
(Para 1)
…onstructed. All this is a matter of ordinary human experience.”[25] [24] Onassis v Vergottis [1968] 2 Lloyds Rep 403 at 431. [25] Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319.…
Pilatos v Whillier
[2025] NSWSC 1221
Citation 5
…erience of a witness makes their memory of conversations fallible, as eloquently stated in the following oft-cited passage in Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315, by McLelland CJ in Eq at 319 (recently approved in Touma v Highfields Australia Pty Ltd [2024] NSWCA 160, Basten AJA at [18] (with whom White and Adamson JJ…
In the matter of Mayne Pharma Group Limited
[2025] NSWSC 1204
Citation 6
(Para 7)
…ard to the fallibility of human memory which increases with the passage of time, particularly where disputes or litigation intervene: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318–319; Varma v Varma [2010] NSWSC 786 at [424]–[425]. I also have regard to the fact that objective evidence, where available, is likely to be t…
Khan v Insurance Australia Limited t/as NRMA Insurance
[2025] NSWPICMP 782
Citation 7
(Para 3)
…an. [48] [44] [2016] NSWSC 1447. [45] [1968] 2 Li Rep 403 at 431. [46] [2013] EWHC 3560 (Comm) at [15]-[22]. [47] [2015] NSWSC 784 at [73]-[76]. [48] (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319 per McLelland CJ in Eq.…
Hederics v Spare Weel Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 1171
Citation 8
…ter of Bellpac Pty Ltd (receivers and managers appointed) (in liquidation) (No. 2) (2011) 197 ALR 56; [2011] FCA 1123 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Texts Cited: N/A Category: Principal judgment Parties: Johnnie Kenneth Hederics (First Plaintiff) Melisa Gaye Hederics (Second Plaintiff) Spare Weel Pty Ltd (ACN 159…
Robs Extreme Construction Pty Ltd v Workers Compensation Nominal Insurer (icare)
[2025] NSWPICPD 67
Citation 9
(Para 13)
…Further criticism by the employer, of the persuasiveness of the worker’s medical case, was referred to in the reasons at [204] to [207]. [49] (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 ( Watson ). [50] Reasons, [200]–[203].…
Pitak v Sudtipatudom
[2025] NSWSC 1088
Citation 10
…claim within District Court’s jurisdiction Legislation Cited: District Court Act 1973 (NSW) Civil Procedure Act 2005 (NSW) Cases Cited: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Warner v Hung, in the matter of Bellpac Pty Ltd (Receivers and Managers appointed) (in liq) (No 2) [2011] FCA 1123; (2011) 297 ALR 56 Codelfa Construc…
Xu v Cao & Du Management Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 1077
Citation 11
(Para 48)
…sisting the first defendant. On the most benign assessment his evidence falls within the description given by McLelland CJ in Eq in Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319:…
FX Group Holdings Pty Ltd v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd as trustee of the CPEC 8 Trust A (formerly the CHAMP IV Trust A) (No 3) (substantive)
[2025] NSWSC 1055
Citation 12
(Para 110)
…piece as a result of subsequent events. That is, his recollection is most likely an example of what McLelland CJ in Eq described in Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319:…
MEDICAL BOARD OF AUSTRALIA and MULLALEY
[2025] WASAT 99
Citation 13
(Para 3)
…recounts and discussion, when assessing a witness' evidence and honesty: Longman v The Queen (1989) 168 CLR 79, 107 - 108 (McHugh J); Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315, 319 (McLelland CJ in Eq); Roberts-Smith v Fairfax Media Publications Pt Ltd (No 41) [2023] FCA 555 [163]-[166] (Besanko J).[34] Second, traumatic in…
White v Kohacek
[2025] NSWSC 1042
Citation 14
…9,799 Wakim v Senworth Capital Pty Ltd [2024] NSWCA 102 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Williams v Legg (1993) 29 NSWLR 687 Woodson (Sales) Pty Ltd v Woodson (Australia)Pty Ltd (1996) 7 BPR 14,685 Zhang v Metcalf [2020] NSWCA 228 Texts Cited: N/A Category: Principal judgment Parties: Gary John White (First Plainti…
Napper v Buckley's Rural Services Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWPIC 456
Citation 15
(Para 2)
…e respondent. The respondent referred to Onassis and Calogeropoulos v Vergottis [1968] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 403 at 431 ( Vergottis ) and Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319 ( Watson ).…
Aram v Unisson Disability Support
[2025] NSWPIC 455
Citation 16
(Para 1)
…onstructed. All this is a matter of ordinary human experience.”[38] [37] Onassis v Vergottis [1968] 2 Lloyds Rep 403 at 431. [38] Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319.…
Goulston v Bogasi Pty Ltd; Bogasi Pty Ltd v Sundell; Tamara Jane Goodwin as Administrator of the Estate of James Ralph Sundell v Bogasi Pty Ltd as Trustee for the James Ralph Sundell Trust
[2025] NSWSC 989
Citation 17
…Trnka [2006] NSWSC 1097 Waterman v Gerling Australia Insurance Co Pty Ltd (2005) 65 NSWLR 300; [2005] NSWSC 1066 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Watson v Ralph (1982) 148 CLR 646; [1982] HCA 35 Webster v Strang [2018] NSWSC 495 Wright v Lemon (as executor of the estate of Wright) (No 2) [2021] WASC 159 Yates Prop…
Kronenberg v Macaulay
[2025] NSWCA 195
Citation 18
…as Trustee for the Bulle Family Trust v Bulle [2015] NSWSC 1603 Warren v Coombes (1979) 142 CLR 531; [1979] HCA 9 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Williams v The Minister Aboriginal Land Rights Act 1983 [2000] NSWCA 255; (2000) Aust Torts Rep 81-578 Wolfenden v International Theme Park Pty Ltd (trading as Wonderlan…
Mead Property Investments Pty Ltd v P & M Galea Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWDC 323
Citation 19
(Para 55)
…PMG referred, in its written submissions, to Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 (‘Watson v Foxman’), where McLelland CJ in Eq said, at 318 – 319:…
Rutherford v RACQ Operations Pty Ltd (No. 2)
[2025] QIRC 207
Citation 20
…tainment Qld Ltd [2019] ICQ 9 Vairy v Wyong Shire Council (2005) 223 CLR 422 Waters v Public Transport Corporation (1991) 173 CLR 349 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315…
Hu v Zheng (No 2)
[2025] NSWDC 416
Citation 21
(Para 15)
…important to bear in mind well established principles. I have had cause constantly to quote the decision of McLelland CJ in Equity in Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 (‘ Watson v Foxman ’) in which his Honour said this commencing at 318:…
Penya v Penya
[2025] NSWSC 805
Citation 22
…ion) (No. 2) (2011) 197 ALR 56; [2011] FCA 1123 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Williams v Legg (1993) 29 NSWLR 687 Woodson (Sales) Pty Ltd v Woodson (Australia) Pty Ltd (1996) 7 BPR 14,685 Zhang v Metcalf [2020] NSWCA 228 Zugic v Vesuvius Australia Pty Ltd [2020] NSWSC 106 Texts Cited: N/A Category: Principal jud…
Ben Furney Flour Mills Pty Ltd v Nonna's Bakehouse Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 749
Citation 23
(Para 33)
…e or grammatical construction rather than another, or the presence or absence of some qualifying word or phrase, or condition”: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318 (McClelland CJ in Eq).…
Wilcox v Chapple
[2025] NSWCA 155
Citation 24
…ham v Gall (2020) 102 NSWLR 269; [2020] NSWCA 116 Tobin v Ezekiel (2012) 83 NSWLR 757; [2012] NSWCA 285 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1986) 6 NSWLR 534 Wilcox v Chapple [2024] NSWSC 1394 Wilcox v Wilcox [2012] NSWSC 1138 Wilcox v Wilcox (No 2) [2014] NSWSC 88 Texts Cited: P R Adams and…
Drinkwater v Shade Design Newcastle Pty Ltd t/as Shade Architects; Shade Design Newcastle Pty Ltd t/as Shade Architects v Drinkwater
[2025] NSWCATCD 97
Citation 25
(Para 84)
…n cited that the fallibility of human memory increases with the passage of time, particularly where disputes or litigation intervene: Watson v Foxman [1995] NSWCA 497 ; (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318–319; Hoy Mobile Pty Ltd v Allphones Retail Pty Ltd (No 2) [2008] FCA 810 at [41]; Varma v Varma [2010] NSWSC 786 at [424…
Weston Energy Pty Ltd v National Ceramic Industries Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 747
Citation 26
…1997] 1 VR 125 Wardley Aust Ltd v Western Australia (1992) 175 CLR 514 Warner v Hung (No 2) (2011) 297 ALR 56 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Westpac Banking Corporation v Jamieson [2015] QCA 50 Wilson v Arwon Finance Pty Ltd [2020] WASCA 137 Texts Cited: C Lockhart, The Law of Misleading or Deceptive Conduct (Lex…
Toppi v Toppi (No 3)
[2025] NSWSC 733
Citation 27
(Para 7)
…uman experience of a witness makes their memory of conversations fallible, as eloquently stated in the following oft-cited passage in Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315, by McLelland CJ in Eq at 319 (recently approved in Touma v Highfields Australia Pty Ltd [2024] NSWCA 160, Basten AJA at [18] (with whom White and Ad…
Kearney v Tamworth Poly Tanks Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 729
Citation 28
(Para 93)
…hich is known to be fallible for a variety of reasons, with the degree of fallibility ordinarily increasing with the passage of time: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319. This has to be borne in mind when assessing the evidence which all of the witnesses gave and, I am satisfied, does not support the defence at…
Orange Bins Group PL v CSS Holdings PL t/as Sydney Epoxy Coatings
[2025] NSWCATCD 68
Citation 29
(Para 45)
…account the forensic difficulties with finding the existence and clear terms of oral statements alleged to have legal effect: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-319.…
Puntoriero v Higgins
[2025] NSWDC 244
Citation 30
(Para 10)
…nd fallibility of human memory. It is not unusual for people to have honest, but unreliable, memories, especially of events long ago: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-319; Hoy Mobile Pty Ltd v Allphones Retail Pty Ltd (No 2) [2008] FCA 810 at [41]; and Varma v Varma [2010] NSWSC 786 at [424]-[425].…
Borg v Le Mac Personnel Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWPIC 306
Citation 31
(Para 3)
…xman.[25] [21] [2016] NSWSC 1447. [22] [1968] 2 Li Rep 403 at 431 [23] [2013] EWHC 3560 (Comm) at [15]-[22]. [24] [2015] NSWSC 784 at [73]-[76]. [25] (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319 per McLelland CJ in Eq.…
Cottrell v Miglic
[2025] VSCA 145
Citation 32
(Para 1)
…nding a mutual wills agreement.[19] [17]Such evidence is admissible under s 63(2) of the Evidence Act 2008 . [18]Reasons [10], citing Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315, 319 (McLelland CJ in Eq); Roberts-Smith v Fairfax Media Pty Ltd [No 41] (2023) 417 ALR 320–1 [162]–[166] (Besanko J); [2023] FCA 555. [19]Reasons [1…
Nguyen v Pham
[2025] NSWDC 234
Citation 33
…vidence Act 1995 (NSW) s 140 Residential Tenancies Act 2010 (NSW) ss 33, 159 162, 166 Cases Cited: Fox v Percy (2003) 214 CLR 118 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Onassis v Vergottis [1968] 2 Lloyd’s Rep. 403 Jeffreys v Sheer [2025] NSWCA 31 Texts Cited: Anforth, Alan, et al. Residential Tenancies Law and Practice…
Theocharous v Theocharous (No 2)
[2025] NSWSC 660
Citation 34
…CLR 544 Singer v Berghouse [1993] HCA 35 Slack v Rogan [2013] NSWSC 522 Theocharous v Theochaorus [2025] NSWSC 45 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Texts Cited: John D. Firth, Christopher P. Conlon, Timothy M. Cox, Oxford Textbook of Medicine (6th ed, 2020, Oxford University Press) Category: Principal judgment Parti…
Harvey v Palcove Pty Ltd
[2025] FedCFamC2G 915
Citation 35
…; (2015) 233 FCR 46 Transport Workers’ Union of Australia v Qantas Airways Ltd [2021] FCA 873 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 WorkPac Pty Ltd v Rossato [2020] FCAFC 84 Division: Division 2 General Federal Law Number of paragraphs: 358 Date of last submission/s: 19 July 2024 Dates of hearing: 6-8 May; 19 July 2024…
Organ v Woolworths Group Ltd
[2025] NSWPIC 260
Citation 36
(Para 6)
…nconsistencies between current recollection and actual events. [45] [44] Onassis v Vergottis [1968] 2 Lloyds Rep 403 at 431. [45] Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319.…
Tin-Tagel Majikk Pty Limited v Hockey
[2025] NSWSC 578
Citation 37
…995) 49 NSWLR 315 Western Sydney Wanderers FC Pty Ltd v Football Australia Limited [2024] NSWSC 426 Wilkie v Gordian Runoff Limited (2005) 221 CLR 522; [2005] HCA 17 Yorke v Lucas (1985) 158 CLR 661; [1985] HCA 65 Young v Chief Executive Officer (Housing) (2023) 278 CLR 208; [2023] HCA 31 Texts Cited: Alexandra Kamerl…
Conway v Leeroy Property Investments Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 580
Citation 38
…elow whether any of the representations were made. In so doing, I bear in mind the well-known observations of McLelland CJ in Eq in Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-319 to the effect that: (a) it is necessary that the words spoken be proved with a degree of precision sufficient to enable the Court to be reas…
TJ & P Pty Ltd as trustee for the Post Family Trust v Agrinova Pty Ltd (No 3)
[2025] FCA 587
Citation 39
…es of Van Vlymen v Agrinova Pty Ltd [2022] FCA 529 Sidhu v Van Dyke [2014] HCA 19; (2014) 251 CLR 505 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Wilson v Arwon Finance Pty Ltd [2020] WASCA 137 Wong v Van Vlymen [2016] NSWSC 161 Wong v Van Vlymen [2020] NSWSC 841 Heydon J D, Heydon on Contract: The General Part (LawBook Co, 2…
In the matter of Khoury Taxation Services Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 568
Citation 40
(Para 5)
…ard to the fallibility of human memory which increases with the passage of time, particularly where disputes or litigation intervene: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-319; Varma v Varma [2010] NSWSC 786 at [424]-[425]. I also have regard to the fact that objective evidence, where available, is likely to be t…
Tekin v Stratford
[2025] NSWSC 541
Citation 41
…troleum NL (1994) 179 CLR 332; [1994] HCA 4 Upside Property Group Limited v Tekin [2016] NSWSC 1260 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Winnote Pty Ltd v Page (2006) 68 NSWLR 531; [2006] NSWCA 287 Woolcock Street Investments Pty Ltd v CDG Pty Ltd (2004) 216 CLR 515; [2004] HCA 16 Xiao v BCEG International (Australia)…
In the matter of Mobius Distilling Pty Ltd (in liq)
[2025] NSWSC 539
Citation 42
(Para 3)
…ard to the fallibility of human memory which increases with the passage of time, particularly where disputes or litigation intervene: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-319; Varma v Varma [2010] NSWSC 786 at [424]-[425]. I also have regard to the fact that objective evidence, where available, is likely to be t…
BWA v CRA
[2025] NSWPIC 220
Citation 43
(Para 4)
…In submissions the first respondent referred to Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315, submitting that I would immediately go to the statement of the independent witness, [CYA]. Clearly independent evidence will be relevant to my determination of this dispute, regardless of whether it comes from other witness or in othe…
Ovens v WITS Holdings Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWPIC 222
Citation 44
…SUMMARY [32] Onassis v Vergottis [1968] 2 Lloyds Rep 403 at 431. [33] Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319.…
Della Bruna v Health Care Complaints Commission
[2025] NSWCA 105
Citation 45
(Para 58)
…As to the third reason, the limits of human memory are well known and much discussed: see, eg, Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-19; Willmot v Queensland [2024] HCA 42; (2024) 98 ALJR 1407 at [30]. In some cases that leads courts or tribunals to reject the testimony of witnesses. Yet judges, juries and tribun…
Kolevski v Timber Creek Holdings Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 487
Citation 46
(Para 1)
…ounts of discussions that took place almost 10 years ago, it is appropriate to bear in mind the inherent fallibility of human memory: Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 319 per McLelland CJ in Eq. This is especially so where the differences between the witnesses’ accounts, although contested and although they lead…
Moreno & Moreno
[2025] FedCFamC1F 304
Citation 47
…ust) Pty Ltd (2008) 172 FCR 301; [2008] FCA 1536 Jones v Dunkel (1959) 101 CLR 298; [1959] HCA 8 Kaplan & Hankel [2025] FedCFamC1F 41 Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 Division: Division 1 First Instance Number of paragraphs: 50 Date of hearing: 1-2 May 2025 Place: Melbourne Solicitor for the Applicant: Ms Mastroianni…
Fing & Ma (No 2)
[2025] FedCFamC1F 294
Citation 48
(Para 13)
…edibility and whether each element of a cause of action has been proved, I have regard to the approach taken by McLelland CJ in Eq in Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-319 (‘ Watson ’) as follows: Where, in civil proceedings, a party alleges that the conduct of another was misleading or deceptive, or likely t…
Long Spring Pty Ltd v RD Beechworth Pty Ltd
[2025] NSWSC 437
Citation 49
(Para 1)
…worsens with time and the intervention of disputes: see Onassis v Vergottis [1968] 2 Lloyd’s Rep 403 at 431 (Lord Pearce); see also Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315 at 318-319 (McLelland CJ in Eq). It is possible for witness testimony to be honest, credible, but wrong: see eg discussion in Mark J Steele, “Witness P…
Turner v Richards
[2025] NSWCA 83
Citation 50
(Para 1)
…and Ms Richards give evidence. Weight must be given to the advantage that the primary judge had in those circumstances: at [74]. Watson v Foxman (1995) 49 NSWLR 315; Hoy Mobile Pty Ltd v Allphones Retail Pty Ltd (No 2) [2008] FCA 810]; Varma v Varma [2010] NSWSC 786; : Armagas Ltd v Mundogas SA [1985] 1 Lloyd’s Rep 1…