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5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria

5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria

Case [2021] VSC 785

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AGLC: 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785
Case: [2021] VSC 785
Decision Date: 2 December 2021

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Citations

5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785

Most Recent Citation

Brown v Corrections Victoria [2022] VSC 217

Cases Citing This Decision

Bailey v Kmar Engineering Pty Ltd [2025] NSWSC 1266
Citation 1 (Para 39)

…of harm which was to be guarded against and was defective to that extent: 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria; Roberts v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785 at [25]. Furthermore, it was submitted that the risk of personal injury was again deficient.…
Adelaide Concrete Cutting & Drilling Pty Ltd v Marino (No 2) [2024] NSWSC 499
Citation 2

…mson v Queensland Law Society Incorporated [1990] 1 Qd R 498 Adelaide Concrete Cutting & Drilling Pty Ltd v Marino [2021] NSWSC 1034 Al Mousawy v Howitt-Stevens Constructions Pty Ltd [2010] NSWSC 122 Allianz Australia Insurance Ltd v Haddad [2015] NSWCA 186 Amaca Pty Ltd (under NSW External Administration) v A B…
Knowles v Commonwealth of Australia [2022] FCA 741
Citation 3 (Para 3)

…5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785 differed in nature from the other cases above. It concerned two representative claims in negligence, each brought on behalf of persons who alleged they had suffered economic loss resulting from Victoria’s stage 3 and 4 lockdown restrictions, during the ‘sec…
United Firefighters' Union of Australia v Fire Rescue Victoria [2025] FWC 1030
Citation 4 (Para 1)

…an examination would have to be made of its contents and conclusions’ (see 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria; Roberts v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785 at [231]), yet this was precisely the use that the UFU sought to make of the Report in this case. The union was asking the Commission to infer that FRV a…
Mc Vey v Bullard [2024] VSC 442
Citation 5 (Para 3)

…580,594 [35] (Niall, Hargrave and Emerton JJA). See also 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria & Ors ; Roberts v State of Victoria & Ors [2021] VSC 785 at [10] per J Dixon J.…
Berih v State of Victoria (No 2) [2024] VSC 230
Citation 6 (Para 1)

…Solutions Pty Ltd v Blanalko Pty Ltd (2013) 42 VR 27, [35] (Warren CJ and Nettle JA; Neave JA agreeing). [5] Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v Victoria [2021] VSC 785, [14].…
Charleton v The Department of Education and Training Victoria [2024] VSC 141
Citation 7 (Para 1)

…VR 580 at [35] (Niall, Hargrave and Emerton JJA). See also 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria & Ors; Roberts v State of Victoria & Ors [2021] VSC 785 at [10] per J Dixon J.…
Woodman v State of Victoria & Anor [2024] VSC 124
Citation 8 (Para 1)

…tion so that the parties know the case they have to meet.[17] [17] Wheelahan v City of Casey (No 12) [2013] VSC 316; 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v Victoria [2021] VSC 785.…
5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria & Ors (No 6) [2024] VSC 60
Citation 9 (Para 1)

…td v State of Victoria & Ors[2] refusing the defendants’ application for summary dismissal of the proceeding (‘ Summary Dismissal Ruling ’). [2][2021] VSC 785 (‘ Summary Dismissal Ruling ’).…
Re Mokbel (No 2) [2024] VSC 39
Citation 10 (Para 1)

…brogation of the privilege against self-incrimination in s 33 of the Act and the use immunity in s 40. [19] Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785, [238] (J Dixon J).…
5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria (No 5) [2023] VSC 682
Citation 11 (Para 1)

…ing 5 Boroughs leave to replead (‘ Summary Dismissal Ruling ’).[1] [1] 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria; Roberts v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785 (‘ Summary Dismissal Ruling’ ).…
Lombardo v Dermatology and Cosmetic Surgery Services Pty Ltd [2023] VSC 463
Citation 12 (Para 1)

…the words ‘to be expected of a medical practice providing cosmetic surgery services’ should not need to be read in to sub-paragraph 126(b). [5][2021] VSC 785, [23]…
5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria (No 2) [2022] VSC 494
Citation 13 (Para 1)

…y filed a second statement of claim dated 25 March 2022 that I will refer to as the ‘ 2SOC ’. [1] 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785 (‘ Strike-out judgment ’).…
Brown v Corrections Victoria [2022] VSC 217
Citation 14 (Para 1)

…594, [35] (Niall, Hargrave and Emerton JJA) (‘ Uber Australia’ ). [39] 5 Boroughs NY Pty Ltd v State of Victoria; Roberts v State of Victoria [2021] VSC 785, [10] (J Dixon J). [40] CA & CA Ballan Pty Ltd v Oliver Hume (Australia) Pty Ltd (2017) 55 VR 62, [25] (Redlich, Tate and Ferguson JJA).…

Cases Cited

Statutory Material Cited

Palmer v Western Australia [2021] HCA 31
Citation 1 (Para 1)

…analogy, the plaintiff should not be able to recover economic loss as a consequence of restrictions imposed to arrest the spread of the virus. [47] Palmer v Western Australia (2021) 388 ALR 180, 216-17 [155] (‘ Palmer ’), referring to Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 89 [233]. [48]See, eg, Verwayen v Common…
Palmer v Western Australia [2021] HCA 5
Citation 2 (Para 1)

…ld not be able to recover economic loss as a consequence of restrictions imposed to arrest the spread of the virus. [47] Palmer v Western Australia (2021) 388 ALR 180, 216-17 [155] (‘ Palmer ’), referring to Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 89 [233]. [48]See, eg, Verwayen v Commonwealth (No 2…
Uber Technologies Incorporated (4849283) & Ors (according to the attached Schedule) v NICOS Andrianakis [2020] VSCA 186
Citation 3 (Para 1)

…nd, LP v Babcock & Brown International Pty Ltd (No 2) [2017] VSC 556, [14]–[15] (‘ Babcock ’); Uber Australia Pty Ltd v Andrianakis (2020) 61 VR 580, 599–600 [50] (‘ Uber ’). [9] Uber (2020) 61 VR 580, 594 [35].…
Baijun Gu and Hui Zhou v Thomas Matheos Tampi and Wesbourne Homes Pty Ltd [2020] VSCA 61
Citation 4 (Para 1)

…ention. I have previously addressed them. They were more recently restated by the Court of Appeal in Gu v Tampi. [2] I begin with the legislation. [2][2020] VSCA 61. See also Bodycorp Repairers Pty Ltd v Australian Associated Motor Insurers Ltd [2018] VSCA 174.…
Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Buzadzic [2019] VSCA 221
Citation 5 (Para 1)

…pleading does not disclose a cause of action. The claim is not tenable as a matter of law.[20] [18] Deputy Commissioner of Taxation v Buzadzic (2019) 348 FLR 213, 240 [119], concluding that an exercise of the discretion in s 64 of the Civil Procedure Act 2010 (Vic) by the trial judge miscarried because legislation p…
Bodycorp Repairers Pty Ltd v Australian Associated Motor Insurers Ltd [2018] VSCA 174
Citation 6 (Para 1)

…al in Gu v Tampi. [2] I begin with the legislation. [2][2020] VSCA 61. See also Bodycorp Repairers Pty Ltd v Australian Associated Motor Insurers Ltd [2018] VSCA 174.…
Trkulja v Google LLC [2018] HCA 25
Citation 7 (Para 1)

…v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) (‘ General Steel ’).[5] [3](2013) 42 VR 27, 40 [35] (‘ Lysaght ’). [4] Trkulja v Google LLC (2018) 263 CLR 149, 158 [23] (‘ Trkulja ’ ); CA & CA Ballan v Oliver Hume Australia Pty Ltd (2017) 55 VR 62, 72 [24] (‘ CA & CA Ballan ’ ). [5](1964) 112 CLR 125.…
CA & CA Ballan Pty Ltd v Oliver Hume (Australia) Pty Ltd [2017] VSCA 11
Citation 8 (Para 1)

…’). [4] Trkulja v Google LLC (2018) 263 CLR 149, 158 [23] (‘ Trkulja ’ ); CA & CA Ballan v Oliver Hume Australia Pty Ltd (2017) 55 VR 62, 72 [24] (‘ CA & CA Ballan ’ ). [5](1964) 112 CLR 125.…
CPCF v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2015] HCA 1
Citation 9 (Para 1)

…td v Lord Advocate (1965) AC 75, 110, 162. [50] Parker v Commonwealth (1965) 112 CLR 295, 301. See also CPCF v Minister for Immigration (2015) 255 CLR 514, 622–3 [368] (‘ CPCF ’), citing Sullivan (2001) 207 CLR 562, 582 [60]; Shaw (1940) 66 CLR 344, 361, in the context of a finding that obligations of procedural fair…
Hunter and New England Local Health District v McKenna [2014] HCA 44
Citation 10

…[73] Hunter and New England Local Health District v McKenna (2014) 253 CLR 270, 280 [22] (‘ Hunter ’).…
Lysaght Building Solutions Pty Ltd v Blanalko Pty Ltd [2013] VSCA 158
Citation 11 (Para 1)

…ess’ or ‘bound to fail test’ essayed in General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) (‘ General Steel ’).[5] [3](2013) 42 VR 27, 40 [35] (‘ Lysaght ’). [4] Trkulja v Google LLC (2018) 263 CLR 149, 158 [23] (‘ Trkulja ’ ); CA & CA Ballan v Oliver Hume Australia Pty Ltd (2017) 55 VR 62, 72 [24] (‘…
Hoffmann v Boland [2013] NSWCA 158
Citation 12 (Para 1)

…LR 390, 418 [68] (‘ CAL No 14 ’). [25] Graham Barclay Oysters (2003) 211 CLR 540, 585 [106], 611-12 [192]. [26] Hoffmann v Boland [2013] NSWCA 158, [113].…
Alcoa of Australia Ltd v Apache Energy Ltd [2012] WASC 209
Citation 13 (Para 1)

…vy onus on a defendant in seeking summary judgment to establish that the plaintiff’s case is so untenable that it cannot succeed.[252] [249][2012] WASC 209 (‘ Alcoa ’). [250](2007) 99 SASR 357 (‘ Mills ’). [251] Alcoa [2012] WASC 209, [64]. [252] Mills (2007) 99 SASR 357, 379-81 [101]-[111].…
Southern Properties (WA) Pty Ltd v Executive Director of the Department of Conservation and Land Management [2012] WASCA 79 (S)
Citation 14 (Para 1)

…d continued detention. See similarly, Southern Properties (WA) Pty Ltd v Executive Director of the Department of Conservation and Land Management (2012) 42 WAR 287, 308 [102]–[104].…
CAL No 14 Pty Ltd v Motor Accidents Insurance Board [2009] HCA 47
Citation 15 (Para 1)

…’) (warning against that approach to the formulation of a duty of care). See also CAL No 14 Pty Ltd v Motor Accidents Insurance Board (2009) 239 CLR 390, 418 [68] (‘ CAL No 14 ’). [25] Graham Barclay Oysters (2003) 211 CLR 540, 585 [106], 611-12 [192]. [26] Hoffmann v Boland [2013] NSWCA 158, [113].…
Caltex Refineries (Qld) Pty Ltd v Stavar [2009] NSWCA 258
Citation 16 (Para 1)

…n-exhaustive salient features and other relevant considerations for the judicial evaluation of the scope and content of a novel duty of care.[34] [34](2009) 75 NSWLR 649, 676 [103], 678–9 [112] (‘ Stavar ’).…
Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation [2009] HCA 23
Citation 17 (Para 1)

…the virus. [47] Palmer v Western Australia (2021) 388 ALR 180, 216-17 [155] (‘ Palmer ’), referring to Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 89 [233]. [48]See, eg, Verwayen v Commonwealth (No 2) (1989) VR 712, 724–5. [49] Shaw Savill and Albion Co Ltd v Commonwealth (1940) 66 CLR 344, 361–2 (‘…
Mills v Sheahan [2007] SASC 365
Citation 18 (Para 1)

…ary judgment to establish that the plaintiff’s case is so untenable that it cannot succeed.[252] [249][2012] WASC 209 (‘ Alcoa ’). [250](2007) 99 SASR 357 (‘ Mills ’). [251] Alcoa [2012] WASC 209, [64]. [252] Mills (2007) 99 SASR 357, 379-81 [101]-[111].…
Roads and Traffic Authority of NSW v Dederer [2007] HCA 42
Citation 19 (Para 1)

…conomic) to a particular class of person[23] (the plaintiff and group members, Victorian retailers). [22] Roads and Traffic Authority (NSW) v Dederer (2007) 234 CLR 330, 346 [46], where, by analogy, it was said that ‘A road authority such as the RTA is not obliged to exercise reasonable care in the abstract; still le…
Waller v James [2006] HCA 16
Citation 20 (Para 1)

…The courts will generally find that no duty is owed to those who suffer loss as part of a ripple from the original injury.[259] [258] Waller v James (2006) 226 CLR 136, 149–50 [37]. [259] Perre (1999) 198 CLR 180, 222–3 [112]. See also Woolcock (2004) 216 CLR 515, 537 [47].…
Vairy v Wyong Shire Council [2005] HCA 62
Citation 21

…[67]Ibid [495], citing Pyrenees (1998) 192 CLR 330, 393-4 [181]-[182]; Crimmins (1999) 200 CLR 1, 101 [292]; Vairy v Wyong Shire Council (2005) 223 CLR 422, 451 [86].…
Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [2004] FCA 881
Citation 22 (Para 1)

…owed to those who suffer loss as part of a ripple from the original injury.[259] [258] Waller v James (2006) 226 CLR 136, 149–50 [37]. [259] Perre (1999) 198 CLR 180, 222–3 [112]. See also Woolcock (2004) 216 CLR 515, 537 [47].…
Woolcock Street Investments Pty Ltd v CDG Pty Ltd [2004] HCA 16
Citation 23

…[21] Perre v Apand Pty Ltd (1999) 198 CLR 180, 216–17 [93], 264 [232], 325–6 [405] (‘ Perre ’); Woolcock Street Investments Pty Ltd v CDG Pty Ltd (2004) 216 CLR 515, 529–30 [21]–[22], 537 [46]–[47] (‘ Woolcock ’).…
British American Tobacco Australia Ltd v Western Australia [2003] HCA 47
Citation 24 (Para 1)

…ons’.[248] [247] Wickstead (1992) 30 NSWLR 1, 5-6; Richards (2010) 27 VR 343, 345 [8]; British American Tobacco Australia Ltd v Western Australia (2003) 217 CLR 30, 70-1 [103] (‘ British American Tobacco ’). [248] British American Tobacco (2003) 217 CLR 30, 70-1 [103] .…
Graham Barclay Oysters Pty Ltd v Ryan [2002] HCA 54
Citation 25 (Para 1)

…[26] While causation may be reasoned backwards, foreseeability and duty must be forward-looking. [24] Graham Barclay Oysters Pty Ltd v Ryan (2003) 211 CLR 540, 611–12 [192] (‘ Graham Barclay Oysters ’) (warning against that approach to the formulation of a duty of care). See also CAL No 14 Pty Ltd v Motor Accidents I…
Tame v New South Wales [2002] HCA 35
Citation 26

…[269](2002) 211 CLR 317, 339 [45]-[46] (citations omitted).…
Sullivan v Moody [2001] HCA 59
Citation 27 (Para 1)

…e duty of care posited by the plaintiff.[29] [27][2019] VSC 331, [455]-[464] (‘ Roo Roofing ’). [28]Ibid [456], referring to Sullivan v Moody (2001) 207 CLR 562 (‘ Sullivan ’) . [29] Sullivan (2001) 207 CLR 562 , 579-80 [50].…
Schellenberg v Tunnel Holdings Pty Ltd [2000] HCA 18
Citation 28

…[35] Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman (1985) 157 CLR 424, 469 (‘ Heyman ’); Crimmins (2000) 200 CLR 1, 20–1 [32], 34 [79], 37–8 [87], 62 [170]; Graham Barclay Oysters (2002) 211 CLR 540, 553–4 [6], 561 [26]–[28], 606–7 [175]–[176].…
Crimmins v Stevedoring Industry Finance Committee [1999] HCA 59
Citation 29 (Para 1)

…held that in determining whether the authority had a common law duty of care to the plaintiff, a court must consider the following questions: [30](1999) 200 CLR 1 (‘ Crimmins ’). See Roo Roofing [2019] VSC 331, [458] and the authorities cited therein.…
Perre v Apand Pty Ltd [1999] HCA 36
Citation 30

…[21] Perre v Apand Pty Ltd (1999) 198 CLR 180, 216–17 [93], 264 [232], 325–6 [405] (‘ Perre ’); Woolcock Street Investments Pty Ltd v CDG Pty Ltd (2004) 216 CLR 515, 529–30 [21]–[22], 537 [46]–[47] (‘ Woolcock ’).…
Pyrenees Shire Council v Day [1998] HCA 3
Citation 31

…ng functions’, or quasi-legislative or regulatory functions.[57] [56]Ibid [471]. [57]Ibid [473]-[474], considering Pyrenees Shire Council v Day (1998) 192 CLR 330, 393-4 [182] (‘ Pyrenees ’) and other authorities.…
Wickstead v Browne [No 2] [1993] NSWCA 289
Citation 32 (Para 1)

…dgment, especially if the facts, adduced at trial, might cast ‘light and colour upon the resolution of the legal questions’.[248] [247] Wickstead (1992) 30 NSWLR 1, 5-6; Richards (2010) 27 VR 343, 345 [8]; British American Tobacco Australia Ltd v Western Australia (2003) 217 CLR 30, 70-1 [103] (‘ British American To…
Commonwealth v Verwayen [1990] HCA 39
Citation 33 (Para 1)

…The defendants sought to draw an analogy between the global pandemic emergency that triggered the Minister’s power under s 198(1) of the Public Health Act , to declare a state of emergency, and the emergency or war time circumstances that enliven the doctrine of executive necessity.[47] This doctrin…
San Sebastian Pty Ltd v The Minister [1986] HCA 68
Citation 34 (Para 1)

…24, 469, 442, 500. See also San Sebastian Pty Ltd v Minister Administering the Environmental Planning and Assessment Act 1979 (NSW) (1986) 162 CLR 340, 374. [42] Roo Roofing [2019] VSC 331, [490]. [43] Heyman (1985) 157 CLR 424, 438–9, 468–9.…
Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman [1985] HCA 41
Citation 35

…[35] Sutherland Shire Council v Heyman (1985) 157 CLR 424, 469 (‘ Heyman ’); Crimmins (2000) 200 CLR 1, 20–1 [32], 34 [79], 37–8 [87], 62 [170]; Graham Barclay Oysters (2002) 211 CLR 540, 553–4 [6], 561 [26]–[28], 606–7 [175]–[176].…
Parker v The Commonwealth [1965] HCA 12
Citation 36 (Para 1)

…940) 66 CLR 344, 361–2 (‘ Shaw ’); Burmah Oil Co (Burma Trading) Ltd v Lord Advocate (1965) AC 75, 110, 162. [50] Parker v Commonwealth (1965) 112 CLR 295, 301. See also CPCF v Minister for Immigration (2015) 255 CLR 514, 622–3 [368] (‘ CPCF ’), citing Sullivan (2001) 207 CLR 562, 582 [60]; Shaw (1940) 66 CLR 344, 36…
General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) [1964] HCA 69
Citation 37 (Para 1)

…23] (‘ Trkulja ’ ); CA & CA Ballan v Oliver Hume Australia Pty Ltd (2017) 55 VR 62, 72 [24] (‘ CA & CA Ballan ’ ). [5](1964) 112 CLR 125.…
Shaw Savill and Albion Co Ltd v Commonwealth [1953] HCA 24
Citation 38 (Para 1)

…to Pape v Federal Commissioner of Taxation (2009) 238 CLR 1, 89 [233]. [48]See, eg, Verwayen v Commonwealth (No 2) (1989) VR 712, 724–5. [49] Shaw Savill and Albion Co Ltd v Commonwealth (1940) 66 CLR 344, 361–2 (‘ Shaw ’); Burmah Oil Co (Burma Trading) Ltd v Lord Advocate (1965) AC 75, 110, 162. [50] Parker v Commonwealth (1965) 112 CLR 295, 301. S…
Shaw Savill and Albion Co Ltd v The Commonwealth [1940] HCA 40
Citation 39 (Para 1)

…009) 238 CLR 1, 89 [233]. [48]See, eg, Verwayen v Commonwealth (No 2) (1989) VR 712, 724–5. [49] Shaw Savill and Albion Co Ltd v Commonwealth (1940) 66 CLR 344, 361–2 (‘ Shaw ’); Burmah Oil Co (Burma Trading) Ltd v Lord Advocate (1965) AC 75, 110, 162. [50] Parker v Commonwealth (1965) 112 CLR 295, 301. See also CPC…
Dansar Pty Ltd v Byron Shire Council [2015] HCATrans 93
Citation 40

…[91](2014) 89 NSWLR 1 (‘ Dansar’ ).…
Loielo v Giles (No 2) [2020] VSC 864
Citation 41

…[84] Loielo v Giles (2020) 63 VR 1, 7-8 [8]-[10], 65 [241], 67 [251] (‘ Loielo ’).…
Loielo v Giles [2020] VSC 722
Citation 42

…[84] Loielo v Giles (2020) 63 VR 1, 7-8 [8]-[10], 65 [241], 67 [251] (‘ Loielo ’).…
Roo Roofing Pty Ltd v Commonwealth [2019] VSC 331
Citation 43 (Para 1)

…e give focus to the judicial evaluation of factors that militate for or against recognition of the duty of care posited by the plaintiff.[29] [27][2019] VSC 331, [455]-[464] (‘ Roo Roofing ’). [28]Ibid [456], referring to Sullivan v Moody (2001) 207 CLR 562 (‘ Sullivan ’) . [29] Sullivan (2001) 207 CLR 562 , 579-…
Block v Powercor Australia Ltd [2019] VSC 15
Citation 44 (Para 1)

…the action is frivolous or vexatious or an abuse of process or where the application is supported by evidence.[7] [7] Block v Powercor Australia Ltd (2019) 57 VR 459, 484 [86] (‘ Block ’) referring to Lysaght (2013) 42 VR 27, 40 [35]. See also CA & CA Ballan (2017) 55 VR 62, 72 [24].…
Smith v State of Victoria [2018] VSC 475
Citation 45 (Para 1)

…he assumed facts.[253] However, it is not the case that any novel duty pleaded must be immune from summary dismissal. [253] Smith v State of Victoria [2018] VSC 475, [171].…
Babcock & Brown DIF III Global Co-Investment Fund, LP v Babcock & Brown International Pty Ltd (No 2) [2017] VSC 556
Citation 46 (Para 1)

…inciples set out therein. See, also, Babcock & Brown DIF III Global Co-Investment Fund, LP v Babcock & Brown International Pty Ltd (No 2) [2017] VSC 556, [14]–[15] (‘ Babcock ’); Uber Australia Pty Ltd v Andrianakis (2020) 61 VR 580, 599–600 [50] (‘ Uber ’). [9] Uber (2020) 61 VR 580, 594 [35].…
Roo Roofing Pty Ltd v Commonwealth [2017] VSC 31
Citation 47 (Para 1)

…d from, operational matters, is fact sensitive and cannot be justly determined on an interlocutory basis.[68] [68] Roo Roofing Pty Ltd v Commonwealth [2017] VSC 31, [114], [116], [119]; Roo Roofing [2019] VSC 331, [495].…
AS v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2014] VSC 593
Citation 48 (Para 1)

…din Investments Pty Ltd v Portbury Developments Co Pty Ltd (2011) 35 VR 1, 8 [18(3)]. [20] A S v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2014] VSC 593, [12]–[13].…
Regent Holdings v State of Victoria [2013] VSC 601
Citation 49 (Para 1)

…9] VSC 331, [465]; Sullivan (2001) 207 CLR 562, 582 [60]. [87] Sullivan (2001) 207 CLR 562, 581 [55]. See also Regent Holdings Pty Ltd v Victoria [2013] VSC 601, [223] where Beach JA found the duty of care contended for would give rise to inconsistent duties. See further, Roo Roofing [2019] VSC 331, [505]–[506],…
Wheelahan v City of Casey (No 12) [2013] VSC 316
Citation 50 (Para 1)

…because it raises a claim that has no real prospect of success in the sense of being “fanciful”’.[9] [8]See Wheelahan v City of Casey (No 12) [2013] VSC 316, [25] (‘ Wheelahan ’) and the principles set out therein. See, also, Babcock & Brown DIF III Global Co-Investment Fund, LP v Babcock & Brown International Pt…

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