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Tobin v Dodd

Tobin v Dodd

Case [2004] WASCA 288 3 December 2004

Civil Litigation & Procedure

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TOBIN -v- DODD & ORS [2004] WASCA 288

Jurisdiction:	SUPREME COURT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA	Citation No:	[2004] WASCA 288
Court:	THE FULL COURT (WA)
Case No:	FUL:85/2003	Heard:	3 JUNE 2004
Coram:	MURRAY J EM HEENAN J LE MIERE J	Delivered:	3/12/04
No of pages:	33	Judgment Part:	1 of 1
Result:	Leave to appeal granted if that be necessary Appeal allowed Leave granted to amend statement of claim as sought Refer action to a Registrar for case management
Category:	A
PDF Version

Parties:	GRAEME WILLIAM TOBIN BRUCE STEVENSON DODD ROBERT JAMES AINSLIE IAN MICHAEL LISHMAN BRAHMANANDA DHARMANANDA
Catchwords:	Appeal Pleadings Appeal from decision to dismiss action for disclosing no reasonable cause of action Final or interlocutory decision Duty by solicitor to client Tort or contract Retainer of solicitors Duty to persons other than party who personally engages solicitors Standing to sue for damages Financial loss Distress and illness Whether damages essential to cause of action Sufficiency of facts alleged in statement of claim No need to plead law Litigant in person Action against partnership Some but not all members of firm joined as defendants Significance of partners joint liabilities Partnership Act s 16
Legislation:	Partnership Act (1895), s 16, s 28 Supreme Court Act (1935), s 60(1)(f)
Case References:	AG v Pontypridd Water Works Co [1908] 1 Ch 388 Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd (2002) 211 CLR 317 Ashmore v Corporation of Lloyds [1992] 1 WLR 446 Australian Communications Exchange Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2003] HCA 53; (2003) 77 ALJR 1806 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397 Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 374 Ex parte Bucknell (1936) 56 CLR 221 Florida Investments Pty Ltd v Milstern (Holdings) Pty Ltd [1972] WAR 148 Fullarton v North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Co Ltd (1916) 21 CLR 181 General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) (1964) 112 CLR 125 Harris v Beauchamp Bros [1893] 2 QB 534 Hill (t/as R F Hill & Associates) v Van Erp (1997) 188 CLR 159 Hunt v Allied Bakeries Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 1326 Jacobson & Ors v Ross & Anor [1995] 1 VR 337 Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 564 Karsales (Harrow) Ltd v Wallis [1956] 1 WLR 936 Kendall v Hamilton (1879) 4 App Cas 504 Lever Brothers Ltd v Bell [1931] 1 KB 557 Little v The State of Victoria (1998) 4 VR 596 Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd (1938) 61 CLR 286 MacPherson & Kelley v Kevin J Prunty & Associates [1983] VR 573 Minogue v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (1999) 166 ALR 129 Mt Isa Mines Ltd v Pusey (1970) 125 CLR 383 Nocton v Lord Ashburton [1914] AC 932 Norbury, Natzia & Co Ltd v Griffiths [1918] 2 KB 369 Pancontinental Mining Ltd…

Grounds of appeal

[14] The appellant contends that the primary judge erred in finding that the respondent had discharged the onus of establishing the matters required under the relevant provision.

[15] It was submitted that his Honour failed to give adequate weight to the evidence of the second witness, and that the findings of fact were not reasonably open on the material before the Court.

[16] The respondent, for its part, submits that no error is disclosed, and that the conclusions reached were well within the range of outcomes available to the primary judge.

Consideration

[17] It is convenient to deal first with the question of construction, as the resolution of that issue informs the remaining grounds advanced by the appellant.

[18] For the reasons that follow, we are of the view that the appeal should be allowed in part and the matter remitted for further determination.

Continue reading Tobin v Dodd

Details

AGLC: Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288
Case: [2004] WASCA 288
Decision Date: 3 DECEMBER 2004

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The case of Tobin v Dodd involved an appeal against a decision to dismiss an action brought by the plaintiff, Tobin, against the defendants, Dodd and his firm of solicitors. Tobin claimed damages for alleged professional negligence by the defendants, which resulted in financial loss and personal distress and illness. The trial judge dismissed the action on the basis that the statement of claim disclosed no reasonable cause of action. The plaintiff appealed to the higher court, seeking to overturn the dismissal and to be allowed to amend the statement of claim.

The primary legal issues before the court were whether the dismissal of the action was appropriate, and if so, whether the court should permit an amendment to the statement of claim. The court had to determine the sufficiency of the facts alleged in the statement of claim and whether they disclosed a reasonable cause of action. The court also needed to consider the nature of the duty owed by the solicitors to the plaintiff, whether it was a tort or contractual obligation, and whether the plaintiff had standing to sue for damages. Furthermore, the court examined the significance of joining some but not all members of the firm as defendants and the implications of this under the Partnership Act.

The court held that the trial judge's decision to dismiss the action was erroneous. It found that the statement of claim, while not perfect, did disclose a reasonable cause of action. The court emphasised that the plaintiff was not required to plead the law in the statement of claim. It also noted that the plaintiff, as a litigant in person, had standing to sue for damages. The court allowed the appeal and granted leave to amend the statement of claim as sought by the plaintiff. Additionally, the court directed that the action be referred to a Registrar for case management to ensure that the proceedings progressed efficiently and effectively.

Orders

Orders of the court

Leave to appeal granted if that be necessary

Appeal allowed

Leave granted to amend statement of claim as sought

Refer action to a Registrar for case management

Background

Background to the litigation

Full text does not contain this section.

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

Full text does not contain this section.

Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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Actions

Citations

Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288

Most Recent Citation

Tomasevic v Travaglini [2007] VSC 337

Cases Citing This Decision

144

BT (pseudonym initials) v LG (pseudonym initials) [2025] WADC 72
Citation 1 (Para 2)

…view Board (WA ) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [33] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed).…
Cronin v ANGELES [2025] WADC 61
Citation 2 (Para 3)

…eview Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [25] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed).…
Re Rules Of the Supreme Court 1971 (WA) [2025] WASC 296
Citation 3 (Para 2)

…ules of pleadings are a means to an end and not an end in themselves.[2] [1] Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1985) 6 NSWLR 534, 536, 543. [2] Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [16] ‑ [18] (E M Heenan J, Murray J agreeing), [69] ‑ [70] (Le Miere J); Albrecht v Australian Taxation Office [2015] WASC 246 [22] ‑ [23] (Pritchard…
Bidas v Redink Homes Pty Ltd [2025] WADC 21
Citation 4 (Para 4)

…cial care, to ensure that within the possibly ill‑expressed and unstructured statement of claim, there is no viable cause of action: Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [70].…
Sch v RBG [2025] WASC 98
Citation 5 (Para 1)

…nduct of the proceedings. [10] Stone v Braun [2015] WASCA 103 [62] - [69]. [11] Glew v Frank Jasper Pty Ltd [2010] WASCA 87 [10]. [12] Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14]. [13] Woodley v Woodley [2018] WASCA 149 [76] - [77].…
Re Rules Of the Supreme Court 1971 (WA) [2025] WASC 45
Citation 6 (Para 2)

…means to an end, not an end in themselves: Tobin v Dodd & Ors .[2] [1] Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1985) 6 NSWLR 534, 536, 543. [2] Tobin v Dodd & Ors [2004] WASCA 288 [16] - [18] (E M Heenan J, Murray J agreeing), [69] - [70] (Le Miere J); Albrecht v Australian Taxation Office [2015] WASC 246 [22] - [23] (Pritchard…
McGavin v McGavin [2024] WASC 408
Citation 7 (Para 1)

…resort to the justice system in person, whilst also ensuring not to penalise an opposing party for seeking representation.[2] [2] Tobin v Dodd & Ors [2004] WASCA 288 [16] - [18] (E M Heenan J, Murray J agreeing), [69] - [70] (Le Miere J); Albrecht v Australian Taxation Office [2015] WASC 246 [22] - [23] (Pritchard…
Kelly v WA Police [2024] WASC 372
Citation 8 (Para 9)

…d herself at the appeal hearing and at the trial. The considerations to be applied when dealing with litigants in person were set out in Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [13] - [14]. I apply these principles when considering the appellant's appeal.…
Emirge Pty Ltd v De Coppi [2024] WADC 83
Citation 9

…Ruba [2020] WASC 237 Rowe v Stoltze [2013] WASCA 92; (2013) 45 WAR 116 The State of Queensland v JL Holdings Pty Ltd (1997) 189 CLR 146 Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 Vantage Holdings Group Pty Ltd v Donnelly [No 4] [2019] WASC 398…
Westpac Banking Corporation v Farrant [2024] WASC 300
Citation 10 (Para 11)

…ee Company Limited v Nikoloff [2020] WASC 389 [29] ( Perpetual Trustee Company v Nikoloff ) per Acting Master Strk, referring to Tobin v Dodd & Ors [2004] WASCA 288 ( Tobin v Dodd ) [14] ‑ [18] and Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd v Burns [2015] WASC 234 [7]. [4] Tobin v Dodd [16].…
Vukmirovic v CW Brickwork Pty Ltd [2024] WADC 65
Citation 11 (Para 1)

…0] (Pritchard J)) (FN 94 : Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J) ( Ibrahim ); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed) ( Tobin )) (FN 95 : Neil v Nott [1994] HCA 23 [5]; (1994) 68 ALJR 509, 510; (1994) 121 ALR 148, 150 (Brennan,…
Martin v Joyce Kathleen Pimpinella as administrator of the estate of Marie Louise Jacobs Martin [2024] WASC 74
Citation 12 (Para 5)

…s a fair and just trial.[13] [9] Stone v Braun [2015] WASCA 103 [62] - [69]. [10] Glew v Frank Jasper Pty Ltd [2010] WASCA 87 [10]. [11] Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14]. [12] Minogue v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission [1999] FCA 85; (1999) 84 FCR 438 [26] ‑ [29]. [13] Woodley v Woodley [2018] WASCA…
MAYFIELD [2023] WADC 127
Citation 13 (Para 8)

…ustice Carolyn Martin ;[27] Tobin v Dodd .[28] [27] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J). [28] Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed).…
Kwok v City of Subiaco [2023] WASC 307
Citation 14 (Para 7)

…elf at the appeal hearing and at the trial. The considerations to be applied when dealing with litigants in person were set out in Tobin v Dodd & Ors [2004] WASCA 288 [13] - [14]. I apply these principles when considering the appellant's appeal.…
Re Harvey [2023] WADC 83
Citation 15 (Para 21)

…ssistance from the court, could put it into proper form: Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed).…
Ogbonna v Programmed Integrated Workforce Ltd [No 2] [2022] WASCA 79
Citation 16 (Para 1)

…Federal Court of Australia.[118] [115] Florida Investments Pty Ltd v Milstern (Holdings) Pty Ltd [1972] WAR 148. [116] Glendinning [24]; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [9] ‑ [12]. [117] AB v State of New South Wales [2014] NSWCA 243 [10] ‑ [16]. See also the discussion of Re Luck in Leybourne v Habkouk [2012] NSWCA…
Saffari v Western Australia Police [2022] WASC 200
Citation 17

…New South Wales [2002] HCA 35; (2002) 211 CLR 317 Technip Oceania Pty Ltd v Cutmere Pty Ltd [2019] WASC 478 Tey v Plotz [2010] WASC 163 Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 Vantage Holdings Group Pty Ltd v Donnelly [No 4] [2019] WASC 398 Williams v Hursey (1959) 103 CLR 30 Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd v Hancock Prospecting…
Hollis v Pitt [2022] WADC 38
Citation 18 (Para 1)

…erial there may lurk an arguable case' whilst ensuring fairness to the other party : Glew v Frank Jasper Pty Ltd [2010] WASCA 87 [10]; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15].…
Rawle v Calvar [2022] WADC 27
Citation 19 (Para 3)

…assistance from the court, could be put into proper form.[45] [45] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21]; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15].…
Mecavin v Parker [2022] WADC 23
Citation 20 (Para 11)

…the rights of parties are not obfuscated by their own advocacy: Neil v Nott (1994) 68 ALJR 509, 510 [21]; Glew v Frank Jasper Pty Ltd ; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288. In Re Attorney-General (Cth); Ex Parte Skyring (1996) 70 ALJR 321, 323 Kirby J stated: … it is always important for every judge to keep an open mind…
Bannister v Cassar [2022] WADC 18
Citation 21 (Para 2)

…al skill: Minogue v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission [1999] FCA 85 [28] and [29]; (1999) 84 FCR 438, cited with approval in Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 at [14].…
La Mela v Fogliani [2022] WADC 12
Citation 22 (Para 1)

…[2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [13] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J) ( Ibrahim ); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed) ( Tobin ). [14] Neil v Nott [1994] HCA 23 [5]; (1994) 68 ALJR 509, 510; (1994) 121 ALR 148, 150…
Williams v Sadeghpour [2021] WADC 111
Citation 23 (Para 5)

…[2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [94] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J) ( Ibrahim ); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed) ( Tobin ). [95] Neil v Nott [1994] HCA 23 [5]; (1994) 68 ALJR 509, 510; (1994) 121 ALR 148, 150…
Defendi v SZIGLIGETI [2021] WADC 102
Citation 24 (Para 4)

…view Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J).) [48] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed).)…
AA Technical Services Pty Ltd v Diedler [2021] WASC 336
Citation 25 (Para 6)

…inho v Talbot & Olivier Lawyers Pty Ltd [2014] WASCA 65 [51], citing Abram v Bank of New Zealand [1996] FCA 635; (1996) ATPR 41-507, 31; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14]. See also Stone v Braun [2015] WASCA 103 [62] - [69]; Woodley v Woodley [2018] WASCA 149 [76] - [77]; and Zerjavic v Chevron Australia Pty Ltd […
Armet v Stephen Browne [No 2] [2021] WADC 88
Citation 26 (Para 1)

…iew Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [46] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed).…
Hirwa v Muscara [2021] WASC 162
Citation 27 (Para 1)

…sentation against the need for the court to maintain neutrality: see Moleirinho v Talbot & Olivier Lawyers Pty Ltd [2014] WASCA 65 [51]; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14]. The court should give the advice and assistance that is necessary to diminish, so far as this is possible, the procedural disadvantages which a…
Zaghloul v Bayly [2021] WASCA 125
Citation 28 (Para 3)

…and provided that no reasonable application to amend is rejected.[87] [86] See: Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1986) 6 NSWLR 534, 536 - 537; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15]; Glew v Frank Jasper Pty Ltd [2010] WASCA 87 [10]; Nyoni v Patterson [2012] WASCA 171 [35]. [87] Smith v McCusker [2005] WASCA 226 [37].…
B v Coan [2021] WASC 127
Citation 29 (Para 3)

…What the court ought do to will depend upon the nature of the case and the litigant's capacity to understand the issues in the case: see Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14]. But the court must not intervene to such an extent that a position of neutrality cannot be maintained or an unrepresented litigant is given a p…
Martires v Endura Paint Pty Ltd (No 1) [2021] FCA 178
Citation 30 (Para 12)

…case, and the litigant's intelligence and understanding of the case: Abram v Bank of New Zealand [1996] FCA 635; (1996) ATPR 41-507, 31; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14]. The boundaries of intervention are flexible but the lodestar is a fair and just trial. It is clear, however, that a judge must not intervene to…
Defendi v SZIGLIGETI [2021] WADC 7
Citation 31 (Para 1)

…eview Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [25] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed).…
She v RMIT University [2021] VSC 2
Citation 32 (Para 1)

…[61] Tomasevic v Travaglini & anor (2007) 17 VR 100 (‘ Tomasevic ’); Panagiotopoulos v Rajendram [2005] NSWCA 58 [33], [35]–[36]; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [13]-[16]; Re Morton; Ex parte Mitchell Products Pty Ltd (1996) 21 ACSR 497, 513–14; Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1986) 6 NSWLR 534, 536; Awan v Minister for…
Manton Enterprises Pty Ltd as trustee for GPK No. 2 Trust v Lt. Market St Pty Ltd [2021] WASC 4
Citation 33 (Para 4)

…the documents filed after 20 July 2020, in order to identify the true substance of the case which Mr Daniele sought to present.[16] [16] Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14] - [18], cited in Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd v Burns [2015] WASC 234 [7].…
Ogbonna v Qantas Airways Ltd [No 2] [2020] WASC 359
Citation 34 (Para 1)

…able cause of action which, with appropriate amendment or permissible assistance from the court, could be put into proper form.[1] [1] Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (Heenan J).…
Armet v CFC Consolidated Pty Ltd [2020] WADC 142
Citation 35 (Para 3)

…e unfair to the represented opponent.' [165] Rajski v Scitec Corp Pty Ltd (Unreported, NSWCA, No 146 of 1986, 16 June 1986). [166] Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14].…
Perpetual Trustee Company Limited v Nikoloff [2020] WASC 389
Citation 36 (Para 1)

…hen considering the papers filed in order to identify the true substance of the case which the defendant endeavours to present.[17] [17] Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14] - [18], cited in Perpetual Trustees Victoria Ltd v Burns [2015] WASC 234 [7].…
Mubarak v Kelly [2020] WADC 136
Citation 37 (Para 2)

…n in respect of the application under consideration. [6] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed).…
Blair v Nunis [2020] WADC 126
Citation 38 (Para 2)

…priate amendment and permissible assistance from the court, could be put into proper form: Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1986) 6 NSWLR 534; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288.…
D'Souza v Barclays Building Services (WA) Pty Ltd [2020] WADC 87
Citation 39 (Para 4)

…ew Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [4] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed). [5] Neil v Nott [1994] HCA 23 [5]; (1994) 68 ALJR 509, 510; (1994) 121 ALR 148, 150 (Brennan,…
Uyan v Tasyurdu [2020] WADC 26
Citation 40 (Para 2)

…iew Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [48] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed). [49] Neil v Nott [1994] HCA 23 [5]; (1994) 68 ALJR 509, 510; (1994) 121 ALR 148, 150 (Brenna…
Krysiak v Housing Authority [2019] WADC 162
Citation 41 (Para 10)

…eview Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [30] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed). [31] Nobarani v Mariconte [2018] HCA 36[47] (Kiefel CJ, Gageler, Nettle, Gordon & Edelman…
Kamath v Allight Sykes, Landsdale [2019] WADC 98
Citation 42 (Para 5)

…w Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [30] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed). [31] Neil v Nott [1994] HCA 23 [5]; (1994) 68 ALJR 509, 510; (1994) 121 ALR 148, 150 (Brennan,…
Rodney Culleton v Inghams Enterprise Pty Ltd [2019] WADC 79
Citation 43 (Para 11)

…w Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [30] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed). [31] Neil v Nott [1994] HCA 23 [5]; (1994) 68 ALJR 509, 510; (1994) 121 ALR 148, 150 (Brennan,…
AMP Royal Randwick Pty Ltd v Haweli Pty Ltd [2019] WADC 59
Citation 44 (Para 13)

…, in a poorly expressed or unstructured document there is no viable cause of action ( Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1986) 6 NSWLR 534, 536; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288).…
Brooks v Lathong [2019] WADC 24
Citation 45 (Para 2)

…d document or submission. At the same time, the court must ensure that any latitude given does not work an injustice to the other party: Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [13] – [16]; Re Attorney‑General (Cth) ; Ex parte Skyring [1996] HCA 4; (1996) 70 ALJR 321; Moleirinho v Talbot & Olivier Lawyers Pty Ltd [2014] WASC…
Waldock v Shams [2019] WADC 2
Citation 46 (Para 11)

…case, and the litigant's intelligence and understanding of the case: Abram v Bank of New Zealand [1996] FCA 635; (1996) ATPR 41-507, 31; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14]. The boundaries of intervention are flexible but the lodestar is a fair and just trial. It is clear, however, that a judge must not intervene to…
Zollo v Shine It Cleaning Services [2018] WADC 166
Citation 47

…SCA 92 Smart v Prisoner Review Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 Stead v State Government Insurance Commission [1986] HCA 54; (1986) 161 CLR 141 Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1986) 6 NSWLR 534 Woodley v Woodley [2018] WASCA Woolworths Ltd v Commissioner of Police [2013] WASC 413…
Bankwest a Division of Commonwealth Bank of Australia v Mann [No 4] [2018] WASC 370
Citation 48 (Para 3)

…case, and the litigant's intelligence and understanding of the case: Abram v Bank of New Zealand [1996] FCA 635; (1996) ATPR 41-507, 31; Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [14]. The boundaries of intervention are flexible but the lodestar is a fair and just trial. It is clear, however, that a judge must not intervene to…
Wilson v Dodo Services Pty Ltd [2018] WADC 159
Citation 49

…CA 231 Smart v Prisoner Review Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 Stead v State Government Insurance Commission [1986] HCA 54; (1986) 161 CLR 141 Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1986) 6 NSWLR 534 Woodley v Woodley [2018] WASCA 149 Woolworths Ltd v The Commissioner of Police [2013] WASC 413…
Blenkinsop v Holland [2018] WADC 146
Citation 50 (Para 7)

…eview Board (WA) [2012] WASC 48 [10] (Pritchard J). [23] Ibrahim v The Honourable Justice Carolyn Martin [2012] WASC 338 [21] (Beech J); Tobin v Dodd [2004] WASCA 288 [15] (EM Heenan J, with whom Murray & Le Miere JJ agreed). [24] Nobarani v Mariconte [2018] HCA 36 [47] (Kiefel CJ, Gageler, Nettle, Gordon & Edelman…

See all citing cases →

Cases Cited

Wentworth v Rogers & Anor [2007] HCATrans 747
Citation 1

…317 Tampion v Anderson [1973] VR 829; (1973) 48 ALJR 11 Weatherall v Satellite Receiving Systems (Australia) [1999] FCA 741 Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1985) 6 NSWLR 534 Wickstead v Browne (1992) 30 NSWLR 1 Williams v Milotin (1957) 97 CLR 465 Bishopsgate Insurance (Australia) Ltd (in liq) v Deloitte Haskins & Sells,…
Little v The State of Western Australia [2007] WASC 33
Citation 2

…(2000) 104 FCR 564 Karsales (Harrow) Ltd v Wallis [1956] 1 WLR 936 Kendall v Hamilton (1879) 4 App Cas 504 Lever Brothers Ltd v Bell [1931] 1 KB 557 Little v The State of Victoria (1998) 4 VR 596 Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd (1938) 61 CLR 286 MacPherson & Kelley v Kevin J Prunty & Associates [1983] VR 573 Minogue…
Re The Full Board of the Guardianship and Administration Board [2003] WASCA 268
Citation 3

…343 Re Dawson; Union Fidelity Trustee Co Ltd v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd [1966] 2 NSWLR 211 Re Full Board of the Guardianship and Administration Board (2003) 27 WAR 475 Robinson v Geisel [1894] 2 QB 685 Selangor United Rubber Estates Ltd v Cradock [1965] Ch 896 Tame v New South Wales (2002) 211 CLR 317 Tampion v Ande…
Australian Communication Exchange Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2003] HCA 55
Citation 4

…211 CLR 317 Ashmore v Corporation of Lloyds [1992] 1 WLR 446 Australian Communications Exchange Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2003] HCA 53; (2003) 77 ALJR 1806 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FC…
Russo v Aiello [2003] HCA 53
Citation 5

…Pty Ltd (2002) 211 CLR 317 Ashmore v Corporation of Lloyds [1992] 1 WLR 446 Australian Communications Exchange Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2003] HCA 53; (2003) 77 ALJR 1806 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Indust…
Tame v New South Wales [2002] HCA 35
Citation 6

…AG v Pontypridd Water Works Co [1908] 1 Ch 388 Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd (2002) 211 CLR 317 Ashmore v Corporation of Lloyds [1992] 1 WLR 446 Australian Communications Exchange Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2003] HCA 53; (2003) 77 ALJR 1806 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Tels…
Dart v Norwich Union Life Australia Ltd [2002] FCA 168
Citation 7

…unreported; FCt SCt of Vic; No 4901 of 1989; 9 September 1994 Bride v Anglo Australian Food [2000] WASCA 124 Dart v Norwich Union Life Australia Ltd [2002] FCA 168 Raybos Australia Pty Ltd v Scitec Corporation Pty Ltd, unreported; Court of Appeal NSW; No CA 146 of 1986…
Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd [2001] FCA 458
Citation 8

…l (t/as R F Hill & Associates) v Van Erp (1997) 188 CLR 159 Hunt v Allied Bakeries Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 1326 Jacobson & Ors v Ross & Anor [1995] 1 VR 337 Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 564 Karsales (Harrow) Ltd v Wallis [1956] 1 WLR 936 Kendall v Hamilton (1879) 4 App Cas 504 Lever Brothers Ltd v Bell [1931] 1 KB 557 Little…
Johnson v Johnson [2000] HCA 48
Citation 9

…These comments have been referred to with approval in subsequent cases: see In the Marriage of Johnson (1997) 139 FLR 384 (Fam Ct/FC), at 406 (and cases cited there); Morton v Vouris (1996) 21 ACSR 497 at 513-14 per Sackville J. There is nothing in Neil v Nott inconsistent with what was said in Rajski v Scitec Corp .…
Bride v Anglo Australian Foods Pty Ltd [2000] WASCA 124
Citation 10

…ance (Australia) Ltd (in liq) v Deloitte Haskins & Sells, unreported; FCt SCt of Vic; No 4901 of 1989; 9 September 1994 Bride v Anglo Australian Food [2000] WASCA 124 Dart v Norwich Union Life Australia Ltd [2002] FCA 168 Raybos Australia Pty Ltd v Scitec Corporation Pty Ltd, unreported; Court of Appeal NSW; No CA…
Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd [2000] FCA 379
Citation 11

…Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2003] HCA 53; (2003) 77 ALJR 1806 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397 Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 374 Ex parte Bucknell (1936) 56 CLR 221 F…
Weatherall v Satellite Receiving Systems (Australia) Pty Ltd [1999] FCA 741
Citation 12

…96 Tame v New South Wales (2002) 211 CLR 317 Tampion v Anderson [1973] VR 829; (1973) 48 ALJR 11 Weatherall v Satellite Receiving Systems (Australia) [1999] FCA 741 Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1985) 6 NSWLR 534 Wickstead v Browne (1992) 30 NSWLR 1 Williams v Milotin (1957) 97 CLR 465 Bishopsgate Insurance (Austral…
Minogue v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission [1999] FCA 85
Citation 13

…ing Pty Ltd (1938) 61 CLR 286 MacPherson & Kelley v Kevin J Prunty & Associates [1983] VR 573 Minogue v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (1999) 166 ALR 129 Mt Isa Mines Ltd v Pusey (1970) 125 CLR 383 Nocton v Lord Ashburton [1914] AC 932 Norbury, Natzia & Co Ltd v Griffiths [1918] 2 KB 369 Pancontinental…
Project Blue Sky Inc v Australian Broadcasting Authority [1998] HCA 28
Citation 14

…of Varieties [1924] AC 1 Phillip Morris Inc v Adam Peter Brown Male Fashions Pty Ltd (1981) 148 CLR 457 Re Calder; ex parte Cable Sands (WA) Pty Ltd (1998) 20 WAR 343 Re Dawson; Union Fidelity Trustee Co Ltd v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd [1966] 2 NSWLR 211 Re Full Board of the Guardianship and Administration Board (20…
Hill v Van Erp [1997] HCA 9
Citation 15

…dustries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) (1964) 112 CLR 125 Harris v Beauchamp Bros [1893] 2 QB 534 Hill (t/as R F Hill & Associates) v Van Erp (1997) 188 CLR 159 Hunt v Allied Bakeries Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 1326 Jacobson & Ors v Ross & Anor [1995] 1 VR 337 Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 5…
Re Morton; Ex parte Mitchell Products Pty Ltd [1996] FCA 828
Citation 16

…to with approval in subsequent cases: see In the Marriage of Johnson (1997) 139 FLR 384 (Fam Ct/FC), at 406 (and cases cited there); Morton v Vouris (1996) 21 ACSR 497 at 513-14 per Sackville J. There is nothing in Neil v Nott inconsistent with what was said in Rajski v Scitec Corp . [29] A trial judge often faces s…
Breen v Williams [1996] HCA 57
Citation 17

…Natzia & Co Ltd v Griffiths [1918] 2 KB 369 Pancontinental Mining Ltd v Posgold Investments Pty Ltd (1994) 13 ACSR 117; 121 ALR 405 Pegrum v Fatharly (1996) 14 WAR 92 Performing Right Society Ltd v London Theatre of Varieties [1924] AC 1 Phillip Morris Inc v Adam Peter Brown Male Fashions Pty Ltd (1981) 148 CLR 457…
Bryan v Maloney [1995] HCA 17
Citation 18

…This is an illustration of the proposition espoused by Mason CJ, Deane and Gaudron JJ in Bryan v Maloney [1995] 182 CLR 609 at 621 that, in some circumstances, the existence of a contract will provide the occasion for, and constitute a factor favouring the existence of, a liability in negligence between one or…
Abram v Bank of New Zealand [1995] NSWCA 6
Citation 19

…In Abram v Bank of New Zealand (1996) ATPR 41-507 at 42,347, a Full Federal Court, faced with an unrepresented litigant's claim that the trial judge had not given him appropriate assistance to present his case, made this comment:…
Neil v Nott [1994] HCA 23
Citation 20

…[27] In Neil v Nott (1994) 68 ALJR 509; 121 ALR 148, the High Court considered whether the trial judge's exercise of discretion to refuse an extension of time for lodging an application for maintenance and support under the Administration and Probate Act 1958 (Vic) [had miscarried]. The court observed (at 510 and 150…
Cachia v Hanes [1994] HCA 14
Citation 21

…"[26] Unrepresented litigants present difficult issues for courts and for individual judges. As the majority observed in Cachia v Hanes (1994) 179 CLR 403 at 415; 120 ALR 385 at 391:…
Wickstead v Browne [No 2] [1993] NSWCA 289
Citation 22

…(1973) 48 ALJR 11 Weatherall v Satellite Receiving Systems (Australia) [1999] FCA 741 Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1985) 6 NSWLR 534 Wickstead v Browne (1992) 30 NSWLR 1 Williams v Milotin (1957) 97 CLR 465 Bishopsgate Insurance (Australia) Ltd (in liq) v Deloitte Haskins & Sells, unreported; FCt SCt of Vic; No 4901 o…
Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon [1993] HCA 4
Citation 23

…92] 1 WLR 446 Australian Communications Exchange Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2003] HCA 53; (2003) 77 ALJR 1806 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397 Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Ltd (1987)…
Décor Corporation Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc [1991] FCA 844
Citation 24

…77 ALJR 1806 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397 Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 374 Ex parte Bucknell (1936) 56 CLR 221 Florida Investments Pty Ltd v Milstern (Holdings) Pty Ltd [1…
Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Limited [1989] HCATrans 209
Citation 25

…c Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397 Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 374 Ex parte Bucknell (1936) 56 CLR 221 Florida Investments Pty Ltd v Milstern (Holdings) Pty Ltd [1972] WAR 148 Fullarton v North Melbourne…
Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Ltd [1989] NSWCA 69
Citation 26

…CLR 344 Dai v Telstra Corporation Ltd (2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397 Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 374 Ex parte Bucknell (1936) 56 CLR 221 Florida Investments Pty Ltd v Milstern (Holdings) Pty Ltd [1972] WAR 148 Fullarton v North Melbourne Electric Tra…
Hawkins v Clayton [1988] HCA 15
Citation 27

…es no room for liability in tort on the part of the solicitor was never based upon a firm foundation and is no longer accepted: see Hawkins v Clayton (1988) 164 CLR 539; Midland Bank v Hett, Stubbs & Kempt [1979] Ch 384; Ross v Caunters [1980] Ch 297; Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145; White v Jones…
Philip Morris Inc v Adam P Brown Male Fashions Pty Ltd [1981] HCA 7
Citation 28

…y (1996) 14 WAR 92 Performing Right Society Ltd v London Theatre of Varieties [1924] AC 1 Phillip Morris Inc v Adam Peter Brown Male Fashions Pty Ltd (1981) 148 CLR 457 Re Calder; ex parte Cable Sands (WA) Pty Ltd (1998) 20 WAR 343 Re Dawson; Union Fidelity Trustee Co Ltd v Perpetual Trustee Co Ltd [1966] 2 NSWLR 211…
Mount Isa Mines Ltd v Pusey [1970] HCA 60
Citation 29

…elley v Kevin J Prunty & Associates [1983] VR 573 Minogue v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (1999) 166 ALR 129 Mt Isa Mines Ltd v Pusey (1970) 125 CLR 383 Nocton v Lord Ashburton [1914] AC 932 Norbury, Natzia & Co Ltd v Griffiths [1918] 2 KB 369 Pancontinental Mining Ltd v Posgold Investments Pty Ltd (1…
Mutual Life & Citizens' Assurance Co Ltd v Evatt [1970] UKPCHCA 2
Citation 30

…whether it would be open to prove facts at the trial which would constitute a cause of action (see Mutual Life and Citizens Assurance Co Ltd v Evatt (1970) 122 CLR 628 at 631)." 24 In addition the appellant seeks to advance a series of allegations against the respondents in relation to their conduct of the original…
General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) [1964] HCA 69
Citation 31

…R 148 Fullarton v North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Co Ltd (1916) 21 CLR 181 General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) (1964) 112 CLR 125 Harris v Beauchamp Bros [1893] 2 QB 534 Hill (t/as R F Hill & Associates) v Van Erp (1997) 188 CLR 159 Hunt v Allied Bakeries Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 1326 J…
Williams v Milotin [1957] HCA 83
Citation 32

…ite Receiving Systems (Australia) [1999] FCA 741 Wentworth v Rogers (No 5) (1985) 6 NSWLR 534 Wickstead v Browne (1992) 30 NSWLR 1 Williams v Milotin (1957) 97 CLR 465 Bishopsgate Insurance (Australia) Ltd (in liq) v Deloitte Haskins & Sells, unreported; FCt SCt of Vic; No 4901 of 1989; 9 September 1994 Bride v Angl…
Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd [1938] HCA 66
Citation 33

…p Cas 504 Lever Brothers Ltd v Bell [1931] 1 KB 557 Little v The State of Victoria (1998) 4 VR 596 Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd (1938) 61 CLR 286 MacPherson & Kelley v Kevin J Prunty & Associates [1983] VR 573 Minogue v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (1999) 166 ALR 129 Mt Isa Min…
Ex parte Bucknell [1936] HCA 67
Citation 34

…(2000) 171 ALR 348 Decor Corp Pty Ltd v Dart Industries Inc (1991) 33 FCR 397 Dousi v Colgate Palmolive Pty Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 374 Ex parte Bucknell (1936) 56 CLR 221 Florida Investments Pty Ltd v Milstern (Holdings) Pty Ltd [1972] WAR 148 Fullarton v North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Co Ltd (1916) 21 CLR…
Fullarton v North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Co Ltd [1916] HCA 12
Citation 35

…6) 56 CLR 221 Florida Investments Pty Ltd v Milstern (Holdings) Pty Ltd [1972] WAR 148 Fullarton v North Melbourne Electric Tramway & Lighting Co Ltd (1916) 21 CLR 181 General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) (1964) 112 CLR 125 Harris v Beauchamp Bros [1893] 2 QB 534 Hill (t/as R F Hill & Assoc…
MacPherson v The Queen [1981] HCA 46
Citation 36

…e extensive than that imposed on a judge hearing civil proceedings in which one or more of the parties are not legally represented: cf MacPherson v R (1981) 147 CLR 512; 37 ALR 81; D A Ipp, 'Judicial Intervention in the Trial Process' (1995) 69 ALJ 365, at 369-70. [28] The general principles governing the role of the…
Harvey v Burwood Municipal Council [1993] NSWLEC 59
Citation 37

…rities make it clear that the judge should not intervene to such an extent that he or she cannot maintain a position of neutrality in the litigation: Burwood Municipal Council v Harvey (1995) 86 LGERA 389 (NSW CA), at 397 per Kirby P. However, the boundaries of legitimate intervention are flexible and will be influenced by the…
Abram v Bank of New Zealand [1996] FCA 635
Citation 38

…In Abram v Bank of New Zealand (1996) ATPR 41-507 at 42,347, a Full Federal Court, faced with an unrepresented litigant's claim that the trial judge had not given him appropriate assistance to present his case, made this comment:…
[1995] 2 AC 207 [1995] 2 AC 207
Citation 39

…; Midland Bank v Hett, Stubbs & Kempt [1979] Ch 384; Ross v Caunters [1980] Ch 297; Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145; White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207; cf Robertson v Flemming (1861) 4 Macq 167; Groom v Crocker [1939] 1 KB 194."…
[1995] 2 AC 145 [1995] 2 AC 145
Citation 40

…ns v Clayton (1988) 164 CLR 539; Midland Bank v Hett, Stubbs & Kempt [1979] Ch 384; Ross v Caunters [1980] Ch 297; Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145; White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207; cf Robertson v Flemming (1861) 4 Macq 167; Groom v Crocker [1939] 1 KB 194."…
[1914] AC 932 [1914] AC 932
Citation 41

…VR 573 Minogue v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (1999) 166 ALR 129 Mt Isa Mines Ltd v Pusey (1970) 125 CLR 383 Nocton v Lord Ashburton [1914] AC 932 Norbury, Natzia & Co Ltd v Griffiths [1918] 2 KB 369 Pancontinental Mining Ltd v Posgold Investments Pty Ltd (1994) 13 ACSR 117; 121 ALR 405 Pegrum v…
[1956] 1 WLR 1326 [1956] 1 WLR 1326
Citation 42

…(1964) 112 CLR 125 Harris v Beauchamp Bros [1893] 2 QB 534 Hill (t/as R F Hill & Associates) v Van Erp (1997) 188 CLR 159 Hunt v Allied Bakeries Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 1326 Jacobson & Ors v Ross & Anor [1995] 1 VR 337 Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 564 Karsales (Harrow) Ltd v Wallis [1956] 1 WL…
[1939] 1 KB 194 [1939] 1 KB 194
Citation 43

…Ch 297; Henderson v Merrett Syndicates Ltd [1995] 2 AC 145; White v Jones [1995] 2 AC 207; cf Robertson v Flemming (1861) 4 Macq 167; Groom v Crocker [1939] 1 KB 194."…
[1931] 1 KB 557 [1931] 1 KB 557
Citation 44

…so Australia Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 564 Karsales (Harrow) Ltd v Wallis [1956] 1 WLR 936 Kendall v Hamilton (1879) 4 App Cas 504 Lever Brothers Ltd v Bell [1931] 1 KB 557 Little v The State of Victoria (1998) 4 VR 596 Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd (1938) 61 CLR 286 MacPherson & Kelley v Kevin J Pru…
147 ER 512 147 ER 512
Citation 45

…o a duty of care owed to C who may be damaged if the task is carelessly performed [footnotes omitted]. Thus in Pippin v Sheppard (1822) 11 Price 400; 147 ER 512, in an action by a man and his wife against a surgeon for negligent treatment of the wife, the declaration that the surgeon had been employed for rew…
[1988] QB 665 [1988] QB 665
Citation 46

…"More recently, in Al-Kandari v J R Brown & Co [1988] QB 665 at 675, Bingham LJ said:…
Kendall v Hamilton (1879) 4 App Cas 504
Citation 47

…Anor [1995] 1 VR 337 Johnson Tiles Pty Ltd v Esso Australia Ltd (2000) 104 FCR 564 Karsales (Harrow) Ltd v Wallis [1956] 1 WLR 936 Kendall v Hamilton (1879) 4 App Cas 504 Lever Brothers Ltd v Bell [1931] 1 KB 557 Little v The State of Victoria (1998) 4 VR 596 Luna Park (NSW) Ltd v Tramways Advertising Pty Ltd (1938) 61…
[1924] AC 1 [1924] AC 1
Citation 48

…old Investments Pty Ltd (1994) 13 ACSR 117; 121 ALR 405 Pegrum v Fatharly (1996) 14 WAR 92 Performing Right Society Ltd v London Theatre of Varieties [1924] AC 1 Phillip Morris Inc v Adam Peter Brown Male Fashions Pty Ltd (1981) 148 CLR 457 Re Calder; ex parte Cable Sands (WA) Pty Ltd (1998) 20 WAR 343 Re Daws…
[1992] 1 WLR 446 [1992] 1 WLR 446
Citation 49

…AG v Pontypridd Water Works Co [1908] 1 Ch 388 Annetts v Australian Stations Pty Ltd (2002) 211 CLR 317 Ashmore v Corporation of Lloyds [1992] 1 WLR 446 Australian Communications Exchange Ltd v Deputy Commissioner of Taxation [2003] HCA 53; (2003) 77 ALJR 1806 Baltic Shipping Co v Dillon (1993) 176 CLR 344 Dai v Te…
[1893] 2 QB 534 [1893] 2 QB 534
Citation 50

…Tramway & Lighting Co Ltd (1916) 21 CLR 181 General Steel Industries Inc v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) (1964) 112 CLR 125 Harris v Beauchamp Bros [1893] 2 QB 534 Hill (t/as R F Hill & Associates) v Van Erp (1997) 188 CLR 159 Hunt v Allied Bakeries Ltd [1956] 1 WLR 1326 Jacobson & Ors v Ross & Anor [1995] 1 VR…

Legislation Cited

Partnership Act 1895 (WA) 16, 28
2 mentions
Administration and Probate Act 1958 (Vic)
1 mention
Supreme Court Act 1935 (WA) 60(1)(f))
1 mention