Child Support Registrar v MQMV

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FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Child Support Registrar v MQMV [2019] FCA 1171

File number: NSD 1769 of 2018
Judge: FLICK J
Date of judgment: 31 July 2019
Catchwords:

CHILD SUPPORT – objection to percentage of care decision rejected – first review by Administrative Appeals Tribunal – second review sought – question as to absence of jurisdiction of Tribunal – Tribunal has jurisdiction

ADMINISTRATIVE LAW – jurisdiction of Administrative Appeals Tribunal   

Legislation:

A New Tax System (Family Assistance) (Administration) Act 1999 (Cth) ss 3, 128

Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975 (Cth) s 43

Child Support (Assessment) Act1989 (Cth) Pt 5, Div 4, Subdivs B, C, ss 5, 41, 43, 49, 50, 54F, 54H

Child Support (Registration and Collection) Act1988 (Cth) Pt VIIA, Divs 2, 4, ss 4, 87, 87A, 89, 96A, 103VA,

Tribunals Amalgamation Act2015 (Cth)

Explanatory Memorandum, Tribunals Amalgamation Bill 2014 (Cth) 

Cases cited:

Certain Lloyd’s Underwriters v Cross [2012] HCA 56, (2012) 248 CLR 378

Mitchell v Bailey [2008] FCA 426, (2008) 168 FCR 370

Re MQMV and Child Support Registrar (Child Support Second Review) [2018] AATA 2924

SAS Trustee Corporation v Miles [2018] HCA 55, (2018) 92 ALJR 1064

Date of hearing: 7 March 2019 and 3 April 2019
Registry: New South Wales
Division: General Division
National Practice Area: Administrative and Constitutional Law and Human Rights
Category: Catchwords
Number of paragraphs: 60
Counsel for the Applicant: Mr C J Tran
Solicitor for the Applicant: Sparke Helmore
Counsel for the First Respondent: The First Respondent did not appear
Counsel for the Second Respondent: The Second Respondent filed a submitting notice save as to costs
Counsel for the Third Respondent: The Third Respondent did not appear
Counsel Appearing as Amicus Curiae: Ms Z Heger

ORDERS

NSD 1769 of 2018
BETWEEN:

CHILD SUPPORT REGISTRAR

Applicant

AND:

MQMV

First Respondent

ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL

Second Respondent

FUE18

Third Respondent

JUDGE:

FLICK J

DATE OF ORDER:

31 JULY 2019

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1.The Originating Application is dismissed.

Note:   Entry of orders is dealt with in Rule 39.32 of the Federal Court Rules 2011.


REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

FLICK J:

  1. The issue to be resolved in the present proceeding is a question as to the jurisdiction of the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (the “Tribunal”) with respect to a decision taken under the Child Support (Registration and Collection) Act1988 (Cth) (the “Registration Act”).  The decision concerned the percentage of care exercised with respect to a child by his father.

  2. In August 2018, in Re MQMV and Child Support Registrar (Child Support Second Review) [2018] AATA 2924 the Tribunal concluded that it did have jurisdiction to review a decision previously made by the Social Services & Child Support Division of the Tribunal in November 2017. In doing so, the Tribunal in August 2018 “overruled” the Child Support Registrar’s (the “Registrar”) objection to jurisdiction.

  3. In September 2018, the Registrar filed in this Court an Originating Application.  In summary form, the Registrar contends that the Tribunal…

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Details
Case
[2019] FCA 1171
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The Child Support Registrar was the appellant and MQMV was the respondent in this case before the High Court. The dispute centred around the Registrar's refusal to adjust the percentage of care attributed to the father, MQMV, regarding his son. The matter was first reviewed by the Administrative Appeals Tribunal (AAT), and MQMV subsequently sought a second review, leading to questions about the AAT's jurisdiction. The High Court was tasked with determining whether the AAT had the authority to review the Registrar's decision.

The central legal issue before the court was whether the AAT had jurisdiction to review the Registrar's decision concerning the percentage of care for the child. This question arose because the applicable legislation, the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989, did not explicitly grant the AAT the power to review such decisions. However, the Registration of Judgments Act 1992 provided a more general framework for judicial review of administrative decisions, which the court had to interpret in light of the specific provisions of the Assessment Act.

The court determined that the AAT did indeed have jurisdiction to review the Registrar's decision. It reasoned that while the Assessment Act did not expressly confer this power on the AAT, the Registration of Judgments Act offered a broader basis for judicial review that encompassed the AAT's review of the Registrar's decisions. The court found that the AAT's review was consistent with the legislative intent to provide a mechanism for challenging administrative decisions related to child support assessments.

In light of its findings, the court dismissed the originating application, confirming that the AAT had the jurisdiction to review the Registrar's decision on the percentage of care. The court's decision underscored the importance of interpreting legislative provisions in a way that allows for effective judicial oversight of administrative actions, ensuring that individuals have access to review mechanisms when their interests are affected by such decisions.

Orders

Orders of the court

1. The Originating Application is dismissed.

Note: Entry of orders is dealt with in Rule 39.32 of the Federal Court Rules 2011.

Background

Background to the litigation

As the Registrar agreed at the outset to pay the costs of the Amicus, there is no necessity to make any order as to costs. The background facts The relevant decision-making chain, with respect to the father’s claim as to the care of his son, can be traced back to October 2015. The father was then advised that the Child Support Agency (the “Agency”) had recently received information about his percentage of care for his son. The Agency advised him that its records showed that he had “22% care … from 23 September 2015”. The Agency advised that this “updated percentage of care will continue to apply unless any carer…notifies the [Agency] of a change in care”. In March 2017, the father claimed that he then had 100% care as from 29 March 2017. In May 2017, the Agency again wrote to the father. It advised that it had “recently received new information about … the care arrangements” for the son but had “decided that the new information does not require a change in your child support assessment at this time…”. The decision recorded that it was a “decision … to reject the carer’s request for a new determination of care percentage…”. The father objected to the May 2017 decision. He continued to maintain that he had 100% care of his son in the relevant period. On 7 July 2017, the Agency wrote to the father and advised that it had “disallowed the recent objection to Child Support’s decision on 2 May 2017 to refuse to record that [he] has 100% care … from 29 March 2017”. The details of the decision enclosed with the July 2017 letter identified the decision under review as follows:DECISION UNDER REVIEWChild Support’s decision on 2 May 2017 to refuse to record that [the father] has 100% care of [his son] from 29 March 2017.[The father] has objected to this decision on the grounds that that [his son] was in his 100% care until 1 May 2017.In considering this objection, a full merit review of the original decision has been conducted.This means that we have examined and evaluated all the relevant information in order to reach a conclusion based on the relevant facts of the case and how the law is applied to those facts.You can find more information in The Child Support Guide (our online guide to administration of the Child Support Scheme) by going to guides.dss.gov.au/child-support-guide and refer to chapter 2 and 4.In providing reasons for its decision, the Agency stated: In considering [the father’s] objection Child Support will look at making the following care percentage determination:- A determination of the percentage of the actual care that each parent provides [sections 49 and 50 of the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989].In order for section 49 to apply, we need to determine the actual care that each parent provides and determine if each parent has had a pattern of care for that child.In this case, [the father] stated that he had 100% care of [his son] up until 1 May 2017, however the evidence he provided implies that [the son’s] care continued to be divided between [the father] and [the mother] from 30 March 2017.[The mother] disputed the objection and provided evidence that supports that she and [the father] continued to share the care and responsibility for [the son] from 29 March 2017.We [have] reviewed the evidence existing on the case and that provided by both parents during the objection process and the original decision. As we have not been able to make a clear determination about the pattern of care, the decision made by Child Support on 2 May 2017 to refuse to record that [the father] has 100% care of [the son] from 29 March 2017, is affirmed.[The father’s] objection is disallowed.The July 2017 letter also advised the father that he could “ask the Administrative Appeals Tribunal … to review” the decision if he thought it was “wrong”.

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

Full text does not contain this section.

Decision

Reasons for decision

In August 2018, the General Division of the Tribunal published its reasons for concluding that it did have jurisdiction: [2018] AATA 2924. It is this August 2018 decision of the Tribunal which is now under review. Assessment and revocation decisions & AAT review – the legislative provisions Of present relevance are the powers conferred by:·the Child Support (Assessment) Act 1989 (Cth) (the “Assessment Act”) to make determinations as to the “percentage of care” being exercised with respect to a child and the power to revoke such determinations; and ·the jurisdiction conferred on the Tribunal by the Registration Act. Section 5 of the Assessment Act defines “percentage of care”, in relation to a responsible person for a child, as meaning “the responsible person’s percentage of care for the child that is determined by the Registrar under Subdivision B of Division 4 of Part 5”. As the title to Pt 5 of that Act makes apparent, Pt 5 provides for the “Administrative assessment of child support”. Within Subdiv B of Div 4 of Pt 5, s 49 addresses (inter alia) the manner of determining the percentage of care where a responsible person has had no pattern of care for a child and s 50 addresses those circumstances in which a responsible person has had a pattern of care for a child. Subdivision C, within Div 4 of Pt 5, provides for the revocation of a determination that has been made as to the percentage of care. Within that subdivision, provision is made (for example) for the mandatory revocation of a determination of a responsible person’s percentage of care (s 54F) and for the discretionary revocation of an existing determination (s 54H). Section 54F (for example) in May 2017 provided, in part, as follows:Determination must be revoked if there is a change to the responsible person’s cost percentage (1) If: (a)a determination of a responsible person’s percentage of care (the existing percentage of care) for a child has been made under section 49 or 50; and(b)if section 51 or 52 applied in relation to the responsible person – the interim period for the determination has ended; and(c)the Registrar or Secretary is notified, or otherwise becomes aware, that the care of the child that is actually taking place does not correspond with the responsible person’s existing percentage of care for the child; and (d)the Registrar is satisfied that the responsible person's cost percentage for the child would change if the Registrar were to determine, under section 49 or 50, another percentage to be the person's percentage of care for the child; and (e)section 54G does not apply;the Registrar must revoke the determination.Section 54F(1) currently provides as follows: Determination must be revoked if there is a change to the responsible person’s cost percentage The Registrar must revoke a determination of a responsible person's percentage of care (the existing percentage of care) for a child made under section 49 or 50 if: (a)the Registrar or Secretary is notified, or otherwise becomes aware, that the care of the child that is actually taking place does not correspond with the responsible person’s existing percentage of care for the child; and (b)the Registrar is satisfied that the responsible person's cost percentage for the child would change if the Registrar were to determine, under section 49 or 50, another percentage to be the person's percentage of care for the child; and (c)section 54G does not apply; and (d)subsection (2) applies in relation to the individual. Note:The Registrar must make another determination under section 49 or 50 to replace the revoked determination: see paragraph 49(1)(b) or 50(1)(b).

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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