Badman v Grasshoppers Early Learning Centres Pty Ltd
[2009] FMCA 32
…Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic (1989) 168 CLR 165 Badman v Grasshoppers Early Learning Centres Pty Ltd [2009] FMCA 32 Bailey v Australian National University (1995) EOC 92-313 Briginshaw v Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336 Carr v Baker (1936) 36 SR (NSW) 301 Chapman v Cole (2006) VSCA 70 Conners v Craigio (…
Hayward v Rohd Four Pty Ltd & Ors
[2008] FMCA 1490
…eater Taree City Council v Peck [2002] NSWCA 331 Gurnett v Macquarie Stevedoring Co Pty Ltd (1955) 72 WN (NSW) 261 Haywood v Rohd Four Pty Ltd & Anor [2008] FMCA 1490 Hautlieu Pty Ltd t/as Russell Pathology t/as McIntosh [2000] WASCA 146 Jango v Northern Territory of Australia (2007) 159 FCR 531 Jones v Dunkel (195…
Jango v Northern Territory
[2007] FCAFC 101
Para 4
…particulars limit the range of matters that can be put before the Court by the way of evidence and argument: Jango v Northern Territory of Australia (2007) 159 FCR 531 at [75]-[76]. The pleadings enable the relevance and admissibility of evidence to be determined at trial: Miller v Cameron (1936) 54 CLR 572 at 576-5…
Gama v Qantas Airways Ltd (No 2)
[2006] FMCA 1767
Para 5
…ases. Mr Seck in his submissions also relied on Sharma v Legal Aid (Qld) (2002) (supra) at [40] and more recently in Gama v Qantas Airways Ltd (No 2) [2006] FMCA 1767 per Raphael FM at [7]-[9]. An inference may only be reasonably drawn on the basis of facts which have been established by the Applicant in evidence s…
Ferrus v Qantas Airways Ltd
[2006] FCA 812
Para 1
…f indirect discrimination under s.6 of the Disability Discrimination Act : Sharma v Legal Aid (Qld) 2002 (supra) at [40]; Ferrus v Qantas Airways Ltd [2006] FCA 812 per Collier J at [48]. Mr Vassallo must prove allegations according to the civil standard of proof established under s.140 of the Evidence Act 1995 (…
State of New South Wales v Amery
[2006] HCA 14
Para 6
…n and enforcement of a particular stipulation. It must be a requirement or condition “imposed” by Jetswan and not by agreement or by other means: State of New South Wales v Amery (2006) HCA 14 at [80]-[81] and [205]-[207]. Further the requirement or condition must be something separate from the nature of the job itself: Howe v Qantas Air…
Chapman v Cole
[2006] VSCA 70
Para 3
…it is not necessary for an Applicant to provide evidence to reject all innocent explanations for the conduct in order to prove an adverse inference: Chapman v Cole (2006) VSCA 70 per Callaway J where His Honour stated: [14] In a civil trial the question is whether to draw an inference on the balance of probabilities an…
Trustees of the Property of Cummins (A Bankrupt) v Cummins
[2006] HCA 6
Para 3
…d definite inference, not merely to conflicting inferences of equal degree of probability: Trustees of the property of Cummins (a bankrupt) v Cummins [2006] HCA 6 contends that in a civil claim it is not necessary for an Applicant to provide evidence to reject all innocent explanations for the conduct in order…
Damiano v Wilkinson
[2004] FMCA 891
Para 1
…ubjectively: Sivananthan v Commissioner of Police, New South Wales Police Service [2001] NSWADT 44 at [41]; Damiano & Anor v Wilkenson & Anor [2004] FMCA 891 at [23] – [24].…
Howe v Qantas Airways Ltd
[2004] FMCA 242
Para 6
…1] and [205]-[207]. Further the requirement or condition must be something separate from the nature of the job itself: Howe v Qantas Airlines Ltd [2004] FMCA 242 at [231]-[232]. Consequently if the nature of the job requires that an employee makes a number of sales, then it cannot be a requirement or condition for…
Fetherston v Peninsula Health
[2004] FCA 485
Para 1
…In Fetherston v Peninsula Health [2004] FCA 485 per Heerey J, His Honour provided a helpful analysis of Purvis which assists in an understanding of the application of the principles in Purvis to other cases including the one currently before this Court. In that analysis His Honour referred to Purvis as follows: […
Purvis v New South Wales
[2003] HCA 62
Para 1
…avourable than a person without the disability (the comparator) is now well settled. In Purvis v New South Wales (Department of Education & Training) (2003) 217 CLR 92, the judgment explores the conceptually difficult comparison of unfavourable treatment, under the first requirement of the definition. Subsection 5(2…
Dutt v Central Coast Area Health Service (EOD)
[2003] NSWADTAP 3
Para 1
…of facts as identified in Briginishaw v Briginshaw (supra) that applies to the alleged breaches of the: Dutt v Central Coast Area Health Services EOD [2003] NSWADTAP 3; State of Victoria v McKenna (1999) 140 IR 256 at [181]; Sharman v Legal Aid QLD 202 (supra) at [40]; Qantas Airways Ltd v Gamma (supra) per Branson…
Greater Taree City Council v Craig Michael Peck
[2002] NSWCA 331
Para 6
…f equal sufficiency or insufficiency exists for other explanations: Luxton v Vines (1952) 85 CLR 352; Greater Taree City Council v Craig Michael Peck [2002] NSWCA 331; Squillacioti v Roads & Traffic Authority of New South Wales & Anor [2002] NSWCA 133. The state of facts that leads an observer to think that the App…
Sluggett v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission
[2002] FCA 1060
Para 5
…y notion of compulsion in respect of the alleged requirements and are no more than targets. In Sluggett v Human Rights & Equal Opportunity Commission (2002) 123 FCR 561 Drummond J referred to the Macquarie Dictionary definition of “required” and “requirement” and held that (at [56]): the concept of a “requirement or…
Squillacioti v Roads & Traffic Authority of New South Wales & Anor
[2002] NSWCA 133
Para 6
…952) 85 CLR 352; Greater Taree City Council v Craig Michael Peck [2002] NSWCA 331; Squillacioti v Roads & Traffic Authority of New South Wales & Anor [2002] NSWCA 133. The state of facts that leads an observer to think that the Applicant’s version is a possible version of what occurred is insufficient; this amounts…
Employment Advocate v Williamson
[2001] FCA 1164
Para 1
…to the nature of what is sought to prove and, in particular, by reference to the gravity of the matter in question: Employment Advocate v Williamson (2001) 111 FCR 20 at [65]; Qantas Airways Ltd v Gama (supra) per Branson J at [128]. Alleged breaches of the Disability Discrimination Act require a higher onus of pro…
Sivananthan v Commissioner of Police, NSW Police Service
[2001] NSWADT 44
Para 1
…must be real, not trivial, determined objectively and not subjectively: Sivananthan v Commissioner of Police, New South Wales Police Service [2001] NSWADT 44 at [41]; Damiano & Anor v Wilkenson & Anor [2004] FMCA 891 at [23] – [24].…
Hautlieu Pty Ltd t/a Russell Pathology v McIntosh
[2000] WASCA 146
Para 8
…ent must involve matters of substances which there is a “material difference in treatment”: Hautlieu Pty Ltd t/as Russell Pathology t/as McIntosh [2000] WASCA 146 at 165 – 169; O’Callaghan v Loder (1983) 3 NSWLR 89 at 105; Bailey v Australian National University (1995) EOC 92-744. The term “subjected” carries with…
G v H
[1994] HCA 48
Para 1
…discrimination. It is on this basis that Mr Vassallo presses his case in these proceedings and relies on the following line of authorities. In G v H [1994] HCA 48 at[4] it was held that: …an inference is a tentative or final assent to the existence of a fact which the drawer of the inference bases on the existe…
Waters v Public Transport Corporation
[1992] HCA 9
Para 1
…t which applies to all relevant persons: Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic (1989) 168 CLR 165 at 185; Waters v Public Transport Corporation (1991) 173 CLR 349 at 393.…
Waters v Public Transport Corporation
[1991] HCA 49
Para 1
…th precision a condition or requirement which applies to all relevant persons: Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic (1989) 168 CLR 165 at 185; Waters v Public Transport Corporation (1991) 173 CLR 349 at 393.…
Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic
[1989] HCA 56
Para 1
…cant must first identify with precision a condition or requirement which applies to all relevant persons: Australian Iron & Steel Pty Ltd v Banovic (1989) 168 CLR 165 at 185; Waters v Public Transport Corporation (1991) 173 CLR 349 at 393.…
Dare v Pulham
[1982] HCA 70
Para 4
…pleadings enable the relevance and admissibility of evidence to be determined at trial: Miller v Cameron (1936) 54 CLR 572 at 576-577; Dare v Pulham [1982] HCA 70 at [6]. The Applicant’s case must be confined to and the presentation of the Applicant’s case cannot diverge from the pleadings and particulars: Da C…
Nesterczuk v Mortimore
[1965] HCA 60
Para 2
…Inferences may properly be drawn from facts proven to the requisite degree of satisfaction: Nesterczuk v Mortimore (1965) 115 CLR 140 per Kitto J at [149]-[150] where His Honour said: the Tribunal may of course reason for the material before it, drawing all logical inferences while refraining from speculation. In par…
Jones v Dunkel
[1959] HCA 9
Para 6
…he Applicant’s version is a possible version of what occurred is insufficient; this amounts to conjecture: see Carr v Baker (supra) at 206 – 307; Jones v Dunkel (1959) 101 CLR 298 per Kitto J at [305]; Peter Li v Joseph Eliezer (1997) unreported, NSW Supreme Court, 134516 of 1996 at [3]-[7]. However, where an alternativ…
Jones v Dunkel
[1959] HCA 8
Para 6
…version is a possible version of what occurred is insufficient; this amounts to conjecture: see Carr v Baker (supra) at 206 – 307; Jones v Dunkel (1959) 101 CLR 298 per Kitto J at [305]; Peter Li v Joseph Eliezer (1997) unreported, NSW Supreme Court, 134516 of 1996 at [3]-[7]. However, where an alternative explanatio…
Gurnett v Macquarie Stevedoring Co Pty Ltd
[1955] HCA 63
Para 5
…be drawn it must follow from given premises as certainly or probably true: Nominal Defendant v Owens (1978) 22 ALR 128 at 130 citing Street CJ in Gurnett v Macquarie Stevedoring Co Pty Ltd (1955) 72 WN (NSW) 261 at 264.…
Luxton v Vines
[1952] HCA 19
Para 6
…licting conjectures of equal degrees of probability where reasons of equal sufficiency or insufficiency exists for other explanations: Luxton v Vines (1952) 85 CLR 352; Greater Taree City Council v Craig Michael Peck [2002] NSWCA 331; Squillacioti v Roads & Traffic Authority of New South Wales & Anor [2002] NSWCA 13…
Briginshaw v Briginshaw
[1938] HCA 36
Para 1
…allegations according to the civil standard of proof established under s.140 of the Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) which codifies the common law position in Briginshaw v Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336 that the strength of the evidence necessary to establish a fact or facts on the balance of probabilities may vary according to the nature…
Briginshaw v Briginshaw
[1938] HCA 34
Para 1
…the civil standard of proof established under s.140 of the Evidence Act 1995 (Cth) which codifies the common law position in Briginshaw v Briginshaw (1938) 60 CLR 336 that the strength of the evidence necessary to establish a fact or facts on the balance of probabilities may vary according to the nature of what is…
Miller v Cameron
[1936] HCA 13
Para 4
…stralia (2007) 159 FCR 531 at [75]-[76]. The pleadings enable the relevance and admissibility of evidence to be determined at trial: Miller v Cameron (1936) 54 CLR 572 at 576-577; Dare v Pulham [1982] HCA 70 at [6]. The Applicant’s case must be confined to and the presentation of the Applicant’s case cannot diverge…
Sharma v Legal Aid (Qld)
[2002] FCAFC 196
Para 4
…of mind before engaging in the unlawful discrimination. Such allegations are serious in nature and reflect heavily on the character of Mr Stringer: Sharma v Legal Aid (Qld) (2002) 115 IR 91 at [98]; Qantas Airways Ltd v Gama (2008) 167 FCR 537 at [573]-[576].…
Baker v Carr
(1962) 369 US 186
Para 5
…n the basis of facts which have been established by the Applicant in evidence such that “it is more probable or that it exists than it does not”: Carr v Baker (1936) 36 SR (NSW) 301. For an inference to be drawn it must follow from given premises as certainly or probably true: Nominal Defendant v Owens (1978) 22 ALR 1…
[1999] 3 WLR 425
[1999] 3 WLR 425
Para 4
…ce is that, whether or not the employer realised if at the time or not, race was the reason it acted as it did: Nagarajan v London Regional Transport [1999] 3 WLR 425 at 433.…