Suleyman v MIMA

Case [2000] FCA 610


FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Suleyman v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 610

MIGRATION – application for review of a decision of the Refugee Review Tribunal – the Tribunal cancelled applicant’s protection visa – whether the matter before the Tribunal was an “action concerning children” which would invoke a legitimate expectation that the best interests of the child be a primary consideration – there is a spectrum of “actions concerning children” depending on the impact on the child – whether the Tribunal treated the best interests of the applicant’s child as a primary consideration – a legitimate expectation raises procedural ratheer than substantive obligations and failing to comply is not reviewable by the Federal Court under s 476(2) of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth).

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ss 101, 107, 108, 109 and 476
Migration Regulations 1994 reg 2.41
United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child Art 3 and Art 9

Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1994) 183 CLR 273 followed
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Baker (1997) 73 FCR 187 referred to
Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1981) 149 CLR 337 referred to

ZAKARIYA HARUN SULEYMAN (FARAH) v MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS
N 32 of 2000

MATHEWS J
12 MAY 2000
SYDNEY


IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY

N 32 OF 2000

BETWEEN:

ZAKARIYA HARUN SULEYMAN (FARAH)
APPLICANT

AND:

MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS
RESPONDENT

JUDGE:

MATHEWS J

DATE OF ORDER:

12 MAY 2000

WHERE MADE:

SYDNEY

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1.The application is dismissed.

2.The applicant is to pay the respondents costs.

Note:    Settlement and entry of orders is dealt with in Order 36 of the Federal Court Rules.


IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY

N 32 OF 2000

BETWEEN:

ZAKARIYA HARUN SULEYMAN (FARAH)
APPLICANT

AND:

MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS
RESPONDENT

JUDGE:

MATHEWS J

DATE:

12 MAY 2000

PLACE:

SYDNEY

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

Background

  1. The applicant seeks review of a decision of the Refugee Review Tribunal (“the Tribunal”) which affirmed a decision of the respondent’s delegate to cancel the applicant’s protection visa pursuant to s 109 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) (“the Act”).

  2. The factual circumstances giving rise to this application are quite unusual.  The applicant first arrived in Australia on 20 February 1993 under the name Abdi-Rashid Hassan Farah.  He gave his date of birth as 30 December 1970 and his country of citizenship as Kenya.  On 14 December 1993 he applied for refugee status (later treated as an application for a protection visa) under that name, claiming that, as an ethnic Somali living in Kenya, he had a well-founded fear of persecution in that country.  On 26 October 1994 the application was rejected by the Minister’s delegate, who was not satisfied that the applicant’s claims were sufficient to establish a well-founded fear of persecution in Kenya for a Convention reason.  On 1 November…

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AGLC
Suleyman v MIMA [2000] FCA 610
Case
[2000] FCA 610
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

In the matter of Suleyman v MIMA, the applicant sought review of a decision made by the Tribunal on 23 December 1999, which confirmed the respondent’s decision to cancel the applicant’s protection visa. The applicant argued that the Tribunal failed to appropriately consider the best interests of his daughter under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, thus constituting an error of law under section 476(1)(e) of the Act. The legislative background of the case includes sections 101, 107, 108, and 109 of the Act, which pertain to the correctness of information in visa applications, the Minister’s power to give notice of possible non-compliance, and the Minister’s authority to cancel a visa if non-compliance is found. The Regulations, specifically Regulation 2.41, outline the prescribed circumstances the Minister must consider before cancelling a visa due to incorrect information.

The primary legal issue in this case was whether the Tribunal erred in law by not treating the best interests of the applicant’s daughter as a primary consideration in its decision-making process. This issue was assessed against the backdrop of sections 108 and 109 of the Act, which mandate the Minister to decide on non-compliance and the conditions under which a visa may be cancelled, respectively. The court had to determine if the Tribunal’s failure to sufficiently consider the daughter’s best interests constituted an error of law warranting review under section 476(1)(e) of the Act.

The court found that the Tribunal did not err in law by not treating the best interests of the applicant’s daughter as a primary consideration. The court held that the statutory framework did not require the Tribunal to consider the best interests of the child as a primary factor in the context of visa cancellation decisions. Instead, the court found that the Tribunal appropriately exercised its discretion in considering the prescribed circumstances under section 109 and Regulation 2.41. Consequently, the court dismissed the application and ordered that the applicant pay the respondents' costs.

Orders

Orders of the court

1. The application is dismissed.

2. The applicant is to pay the respondents costs.

Background

Background to the litigation

On 23 December 1999 the Tribunal confirmed the respondent’s decision to cancel the applicant’s protection visa. The applicant now seeks review of this decision.Legislative Background Section 101 of the Act requires that information contained in visa applications be correct:101 Visa applications to be correctA non-citizen must fill in his or her application form in such a way that:(a)all questions on it are answered; and(b)no incorrect answers are given. Section 107 of the Act requires the Minister to give notice to a person whom he considers did not comply with, inter alia, s 101. Section 107, as relevant here, provides as follows:107 Notice of incorrect applications(1) If the Minister considers that the holder of a visa who has been immigration cleared (whether or not because of that visa) did not comply with section 101, 102, 103, 104 or 105 or with subsection (2) in a response to a notice under this section, the Minister may give the holder a notice:(a)giving particulars of the possible non-compliance; and (b)stating that, within a period stated in the notice as mentioned in subsection (1A), the holder may give the Minister a written response to the notice that:(i)if the holder disputes that there was non-compliance; and(A) shows that there was compliance; and(B)in case the Minister decides under section 108 that, in spite of the statement under sub-subparagraph (A), there was non-compliance-shows cause why the visa should not be cancelled; or(ii)if the holder disputes that there was non-compliance:(A) give reasons for the non-compliance; and(B) shows cause why the visa should not be cancelled;………(2)If the visa holder responds to the notice, he or she must do so without making any incorrect statement. The Minister complied with s 107 in its notice to the applicant dated 10 November 1998. Section 108 requires the Minister to decide whether there has been a non-compliance by the visa holder. That section provides as follows:108 Decision about non-complianceThe Minister is to:(a)consider any response given by a visa holder in the way required by paragraph 107(1)(b); and(b)decide whether there was non-compliance by the visa holder in the way described in the notice. Section 109 empowers the Minister to cancel a visa on the ground of the visa holder’s non-compliance. That section is in the following terms:109 Cancellation of visa if information incorrect(1) The Minister, after:(a) deciding under section 108 that there was non-compliance by the holder of a visa; and(b) considering any response to the notice about the non-compliance given in a way required by paragraph 107(1)(b); and(c) having regard to any prescribed circumstances;may cancel the visa.(2) If the Minister may cancel a visa under subsection (1), the Minister must do so if there exist circumstances declared by the regulations to be circumstances in which a visa must be cancelled. Regulation 2.41 of the Migration Regulations 1994 (“the Regulations”) sets out the “prescribed circumstances” to which the Minister is required to have regard under s 109(1)(c).2.41 Whether to cancel visa-incorrect information or bogus document (Act, s 109(1)(c))For the purposes of paragraph 109(1) (c) of the Act, the following circumstances are prescribed:“(a) the correct information;(b) the content of the genuine document (if any);(c)the likely effect on a decision to grant a visa or immigration clear the visa holder of the correct information …;(d)the circumstances in which the non-compliance occurred;(e) the present circumstances of the visa holder;(f)the subsequent behaviour of the visa holder concerning his or her obligations under Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Act;(g) any other instances of non-compliance by the visa holder known to the Minister;(h) the time that has elapsed since the non-compliance;(j)any breaches of the law since the non-compliance and the seriousness of those breaches;(k) any contribution made by the holder to the community.”Issues in this case

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

Full text does not contain this section.

Decision

Reasons for decision

MATHEWS J (dissent)
Section 108 requires the Minister to decide whether there has been a non-compliance by the visa holder. That section provides as follows:108 Decision about non-complianceThe Minister is to:(a)consider any response given by a visa holder in the way required by paragraph 107(1)(b); and(b)decide whether there was non-compliance by the visa holder in the way described in the notice. Section 109 empowers the Minister to cancel a visa on the ground of the visa holder’s non-compliance. That section is in the following terms:109 Cancellation of visa if information incorrect(1) The Minister, after:(a) deciding under section 108 that there was non-compliance by the holder of a visa; and(b) considering any response to the notice about the non-compliance given in a way required by paragraph 107(1)(b); and(c) having regard to any prescribed circumstances;may cancel the visa.(2) If the Minister may cancel a visa under subsection (1), the Minister must do so if there exist circumstances declared by the regulations to be circumstances in which a visa must be cancelled. Regulation 2.41 of the Migration Regulations 1994 (“the Regulations”) sets out the “prescribed circumstances” to which the Minister is required to have regard under s 109(1)(c).2.41 Whether to cancel visa-incorrect information or bogus document (Act, s 109(1)(c))For the purposes of paragraph 109(1) (c) of the Act, the following circumstances are prescribed:“(a) the correct information;(b) the content of the genuine document (if any);(c)the likely effect on a decision to grant a visa or immigration clear the visa holder of the correct information …;(d)the circumstances in which the non-compliance occurred;(e) the present circumstances of the visa holder;(f)the subsequent behaviour of the visa holder concerning his or her obligations under Subdivision C of Division 3 of Part 2 of the Act;(g) any other instances of non-compliance by the visa holder known to the Minister;(h) the time that has elapsed since the non-compliance;(j)any breaches of the law since the non-compliance and the seriousness of those breaches;(k) any contribution made by the holder to the community.”Issues in this case In his amended application to this Court, the applicant relied on one ground only, namely that the Tribunal failed to interpret s 109 of the Act and reg 2.41 of the Regulations in conformity with Australia’s obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (“the Convention”) in that it failed to treat the best interests of the applicant’s daughter as a primary consideration. This, it is claimed, was an error of law under s 476(1)(e) of the Act. Section 476, as relevant here, provides as follows:476 Application for review(1)Subject to subsection (2), application may be made for review by the Federal Court of a judicially-reviewable decision on any one or more of the following grounds:……(e) that the decision involved an error of law, being an error involving an incorrect interpretation of the applicable law or an incorrect application of the law to the facts as found by the person who made the decision, whether or not the error appears on the record of the decision;……(2)The following are not grounds upon which an application may be made under subsection (1):(a) that a breach of the rules of natural justice occurred in connection with the making of the decision;(b) that the decision involved an exercise of a power that is so unreasonable that no reasonable person could have so exercised the power.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

Established by:

Full text does not contain this section.