R v Tait

Case [1979] FCA 32

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Type to search within this case.

eal by

Crown on s e n t e n c e -

Genera l

p r i n c i p l e s -

Duty

o f

Crown

a t f i r s t i n s t a n c e -

P r a c t i c c

i n >lorl;hern T e r r ~ t o z y

~ l l c s a l

i~?:rtz':-or.

l a r g e q u a n t i t y o f

cannab i s

O r ~ a c i z e d

crime -

Maximm

s e n t e n c e s

C c t e r r e n t a s p e c t

o f

p u n i s h r ~ ~ n t

i n

cases in . -o lv ing

1av:lessness

o : ~

v a s t s c a l e -

P u r ~ o s ?

o f

noc -pa ro l e

p e r ~ o i

L c s s c r ; 3 r t ~ c i ~ a z l o n

cc-

accused -

D l s a ~ r e e n e ~ t

bet.weee

p z o s e c u t c r

an6 dcf?r.F.xnt

t o f a c t s

Evidence

t o r e s ~ l : l e d i s - > - ~ r , - - " ~ - ,

<-5 --l . . ---h

Customs

A c t 1901 ( C t h . ) ,

s . 2 3 3 Z ( l j (5)

F F ~ Z X - Z ~

C ~ d r t

A u s t r z l ~ a

Act

1975

( C + > . ) ,

s s . 2 4 ( 1 ) (a!,

2 P : 5 j

Parole of F r l s o n e r s OrZixzni:'.

1971

- P z r z l e cE

Prlso?.ers

O i d ~ n x r e

1 3 7 6

(X.T.1

? r 1 5 ~ ~ - 1 l e ~ 5

- -&CL

- 1 5 6 7 (IJt

Open c Q u r t - A?pllc2-;ion

t o s i t i n camera - Corrxon 1a':

r u l e s

C o ~ m ~ n l c a t ; o r . s

i n cha!rhers

- Procedurr . I: :IY~

Cour t

a u t h ~ r i z e d

t o s i t i n caxers. - Northern Terrl:cr-v

-.-

Suvreme C o u r t A c t 13131

( C t h . ) , s s . 1 3 ,

i 4 ,

1 5 -

Evidence Ordinance L9 39

(1. T. )

ss. 57 , 58.

THE QUZZN v. DONLLD P.01 TIIIT ATlD IlICI!PTL LZOXJ-RD BAgTLZY

No. NTGG of 1978.

Coram	: Brcnnan,	Deane acd Ga l l cp JJ.
Sydney

1 May 1979.

I N THE

FCDCRL COURT

OF A U S T R A L I A

)

NO2TIIEPLI

'i'ERRI?'OXY

D I S T R I C T

K E G I S T R Y

)

1	No. NTG 6 of 1 9 7 8

GENCRAI,

G I V I S I O Y I

--	THE CUI:E.:

BE'XEEN :

AL:::~: 2.':1?

J	.	:	:	Erp,?;-.a:i,	Eeo,>z ar,? C - l l o i ;	2J.
-

DA'TC

C C D L ~

1 Mzy 1 9 7 9 .

p;:l!:?x

l :;.Q?

S y Z n e y .

----

THE COilT,T OIIDEFS T l k T :

l .

The

a p ? ~ a l .

from t h ? Suprcac Ccart of th? t l s x t h ~ r n

T'.

r r l t o r y

a c ~ a l ? r t

the

scl-.te-~nz~-

1;11,-os?.r.

u ~ o x

Don,-.lZ So;- '1;~:

t h e

l i o ; l o u r ~ h l ~ ?

b!r.

J u s t ? c?

: , l u l r k c ; i d

or1

:':.c

7E ~ii..~;?b:-

t h e

s<:~<l

i)cr.al,i. F.21 T a l t 573s se,; t~-?red to bc i-?r:co!;zd

:;l -.h

lizrc: I,!bc?l:r for- ::I?

s,;~?.ce

)

6 ;.c,lr:-

anc; E ccil?r,r:fir i:o.i:-h:,

w i c i i

. ? ~ P . - ~ : . : c J ~ c ' P , ~ L - ~ c J

of 2 )rl_-~r.~.

2,;

9 c3lr??c;.:!r rn?nt:~s

be a l I ~ : . ~ ~ i

~ n d

t!l;.:

the ~c i : t czcz rjc

set a:.ll!e

<.-;.L

>.;l

l ~ c u

t!l:;rcof

tht 3 123 -1~c:1;1,1

F.:y

T;lt

!;I?

s ~ : ~ - L L ? : I c L < :

t.,:

l,?,,?.

# L l ~ ~ A > ( - ' l l :

.?,;L

h ; < 0 nclr? la!,<>.:z for Ll :-*l-lc? 9f 2 y(:<i-L

~ 1 x 2

~I::c-::I:

*cr;~;--.::~ce

on t?:v ?<:LA ,lJ'

ths sc:,?'::?j;,:z 1:1:

c:?:;

upon hlm by

t h e Supreme Court o f t h e Northern T e r r l t o r y

and t h a t a

p e r l o d o f

y e a r s

and

months

s p e c l f l e d

t h e t e r m d u r i n g which

t h e

s a l d Donald

Roy

T a l t be

n o t

e l i g i b l e t o be

r e l e a s e d on

p a r o l e

i n pursuance

o f

t h e

P a r o l e o f

P r i s o n e r s

Ordinance

1976

( N . T.) .

2 .

The

a p p e a l from t h e Supreme

Court o f

t h e Northern

T e r r l t o r y a g a l n s t t h e s en t ence

imposed

upon

blichael

Leonard

B a r t l e y by t h e Honourable M r .

J u s t l c e Muirhead on

3 May

1973

whereby

t h e s a l d Mlchael

Leonard B a r t l e y was

sen t enced t o be

lmprlsoned w l t h h a r d

l abour

f o r t h e space o f

y e a r s

and

c a l e n d a r months

w l t h

a non-parole

p e r l c d o f

1 y e a r

and

c a l e n d a r

months

b e

dismissed.

I N THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA	)
1

NORTHERN TERRITORY DISTRICT REGISTRY)

N o . NTG G

of 1 9 7 8

GEXERAL DIVISION

)

ON APPEAL FRGFI TYE SL;1RE:.iZ CGU2.T

OF TEZ SORT:IE:??:

TZF.P.ITCJRV

ASD

D C I I A X

F.CB

"-AI'

- >.:~-D

MICi?.;ZL

LEi,.:=,:L

2>.<7;ZV

CO!?;!'!	: Erer.r .an,	Desze h C a l l s - , 2,.
--

th2 F i r s t day of M+y	1 9 7 ? .
THE C3L'RT

D o n a l d Roy

T a i t and M~char l

L e o n a r d

8 2 r t l e y vere

c h a r g e d on

i n d i c t n ? n t

b e f o r e

t h e S c p r e r c o

Ccrzc

t h e i i s r C h o r 2

T e r r l t o ~ ~ r

w i t h t h e of fence

o_C 1 ; r . F o r t l n g

l n t o A c s t r a l l 2 a

p r c h l b l t s 3 import

c5r.trary t 3 ~ . 2 3 3 E ! l j

!>) of t ! ~

CCS-.~;I': -- A c t

1901. ( C t h . ) .

Tlle particulars l a ~ S

ir. the ;~?LT: ;.r?n= :;r--rc t:'?it

on 2 2 Janu3zy

1 9 7 2 c n e accuse? aslncj a

l l g c t a l ~ r c r a f t

l z n d e d

n e a r K a t h e r i n e I n excess of

1 4 3 . 2

k l l o g r a ~ ~ s

o f c z n z a h l s -n

form c£ p r e p a r e d s k l c k s w h i c h h a d been

brought

t h c r e Sy

them

from

o u t s i d e A u s t r a l i a .

t h l s charge they

p leaded

g u l l t y .

T a l t was

s e n t e n c ~ d

t o b e

im2r i soned w i t h ha rd

l a b o u r

f o r

y e a r s

and

c a l e n d a r months

w i t h

a non-parole

p e r i o z o f

y e a r s

and 9

c a l e n d a r months.

E a r t l e y was

s r n t e n c e d t o be

imprisoned w i t h h a r d

l a b o u r

f o r 3

yes.rs

and

ca l e i l da r months

w i t h a non-parole

pez iod zf 1 y a a r and 6

c a l e n d a r months.

The

Cro:,n

appea ls

a q a l n s t

t h e sex:.-tences

liilposel.

sukr>l ' i t i ; l< t h z t

t h i s Cour t

should

i n c r e a s e

each

o f

t h o s e

s e n t e n c e s .

Crown

appeals

a q a i n s t s e ~ t e n c e s

have

tr.:?:

k i c n a l

p a r t i n t h e administration

o f

c r l i ~ ~ l n a l

j L s t ~ c e

uxi2cr t n ~

c s r - ~ c ~

law.

hppee ls

a g 6 l n s t s ex i e r - ce s i r > g s e d bl-

]u?.,,ss

F.:

:iisc

insits;..cz

do n o t exist l :~

t h e U i . ~ r z d Xi:-.,-6c.z.

The:-

e : : l s - ~

Ch~lz (? i ,

I<ew

l e ~ l ? . : : <

s.il.3 f

I. ,,e

of t;.? s l y A :r ';*::l:.

S ~ z t ~ 5

(Cr l r l l na i fl.;3'?e31

A C C

1-91?

S . 5 D : C-<.!.SS

&.CC

155? [ :7.c.)

s . 5G7A; Crir;llr.al

Cs3e 1 9 2 4 (Tas . j

S .40L

( 2 ) ; T!-.e

C ~ L - I - ~ Z ~

CT :>,

-----p-

1099 ( Q l d . ) s.669;i;

Tkr: Crir1.1al Coee 1913 .

s.63S!2) (L).

---

and

s c c a l s o t h e C o n s t l t u r l o n ,

s . 731 .

P r l o z - ~ c

t h e e:lrtct.-ezz

o f

t h e F e d e r a l Coxr t

A u s t r s l z 2 Act

1 9 7 6 ,

ay???!

a5a ;n i t

s e n t e n c e cou ld bo brouqh t by

t h ~

C-own zg&:~:\ a senkccce

impcsed by

t h a S ~ p r e r , ~

Cour t of a!;

Austr?l-l--;i

T 2 r r ~ t c ) r l . LG.-

j u r i s d l c t l o n

c o x f e r r e d upor.

t h l s C s u r t by

that

3:t

inzl-;iles

j u r i s d i c t i o n

t o h e a r

Crmm

a p p e a l s

a g a i n s t

s en t ence7

lmpossd

t h e Supreme

Cour t s of

t h c a e T e r r l t o r ~ e s

l )

afi?.

s.28(5)).

Thesc were t h e f i r z t i p ~ ~ > l s

a ~ z i 1 1 s t

sext?n:e

i n s t i t u+ ;od by

t h c Crown

unc?er

t h e Fei?r.ral C q ? ; r t of

A u r t r a l l z 'n.:t,

.p-----

---

and

i t 1s

approp r l ake t o r e f e r t o t h ?

pr l r .c j : j les

t o L.:

c b s e r v c 2

t h e Coc r t

l n t h e e x e r c i s e

o f

t n e

j c r i s r l ~ c t l c z .

The

r e l e v a n t

p r o v l s l o n s

t h e

F e d e r a l

Cour t

o f

A u s t r a l i a

Act

n o t

p rov ide

any

b a s l s

f o r

d l s t l n g u l s h l n g

between

t h e g e n e r a l principles

t o be

a p p l l e d by

t h e Cour t

Crown

a p p e a l

a g a i n s t

s e c t e n c e and

t h e p r l n c l p l e s

t o b e

a p p l i e d on

a n a p p e a l

a g a i n s t sen tence by

d e f e n d a n t .

The

p r 1 n c i p l . f ~ which

limit

t h e e s e r c l s e by

a ~ p s l l z t a

coni-t

o f i t s apply i n e a c h c l a s s o f

j u r i s d i c t i c n

w i t h

r r s g e c t

t o a

discret:c7nary

s a n t c n c e

c a s e .

Those

p r l n c l p l e s were

exi>resse?

i n IIarris v.	R .	( 1954 ) 93 C.L.R.657 ,	r:!-zcii	was follov7ed. by
-

this Court I n Ko\*ac v.	R .	( 1 9 7 7 ) 13 ALR 6 3 7 ,	and v!-.lch	coct3ir .s
-

a c i t a t i o r . frcr;.

Cr~1:sscn v .

:he

K m ; :

(1936) 55 C.L.R.459

a t p?.

519,

520:

" . . . t h e

ap>e":

i s fro!; a c lzzcre t?orary a?-c of

t:??

c o u r t ~ ~ S ~ T ' I I S ~ S ~ C

fc::

t h e sdnt.l:c:.

T!,?

j u r l s c ? ~ c t ~ i ! ~

t o r e v l s e sue!: a c?lsz.-e,:ion

TCLS'L >c

e x e r c ~ s e ?

l 1 1

accordancs

i;i:h

r>cQTnlz.;C p r l n c l 2 l : s .

. T t

i s n o t enccgh t h a t t h e mer,Lers

t h e c c u r t

would

t i l e r s e l v e s hayre

i:7?ose3

a l e s s o r dFf:e~*i?t

s e n t e n c e ,

c r t h a t t h e y

thlx::

t h?

sent er.^^.

ove r -

severe.

Ths re must

so?c

r i z s o n

f o r r e g a r d l n q

t h e

d l s c r c t l c n

con f jded t o t h e

c c a r t c f £ ~ r r s t

i n s t e n c e

a s

i ~ p r c p e z l y

e x e r c l s s d .

Tinis

r r y

appeal- f r o r ~

t h e

circu:.stacces

.v-nich

t i ? a t c o u r t

has

t a k e n i n t o account .

They may

inc luZ? s a n s

c o n s i c k r ? t i o n s

which

ou-jht

n o t

t o h z ~ r e

z f f s c t e 3

t h e d;szr~:lcn,

o r r.ay

e s c l ~ d z

o'hcrs r:klzh oc::hL

t o hzve d~ . !e so .

The c o u r t ~

have rn~sta!.r*n o r

beer! m i s l s d a s t o t h e f a c t s , o r an er-ro:

o f

12:q

m a y hav.2

beon made.

E f f e c t nay have Seen g l v c n

t o v i e v s

o r o s i n l o n s

whlc11

arc- e x t r c r e o r

misgulced.

But it i s n o t nscsssar.;

t h a t s o r e

d e i i n l t e o r s ; e c i f ~ c e r r o r sho141d be

assigned.

The

natul-e

o f

t h e s en t ence

~ t s - l l f , wh.r?*-~

cxns ~3:r:S

i n r c l Z t l 3 n t a Lhe

ofzence

a?.L

t h e

c l r c '> r ,~s t cnccs

o f

t h e c t s e ,

111y bc

such a s

t c a f f o r 2 c ~ n v i ~ i c l n ~ ;

evldericc- t h a t i n scme way t > c cxercLsp o:

t h e

discretion h a s been unsound.

111 s h ~ r t ,

t h e

p r i n c l p l c s !.,hicl1 gu;dc

cgclrc;

02 ??yea1 111 de~l.Ll:lc;

w l th

P a t t e r s

rc-stl:lg

.In

t h e

i ? l s c r e t l o ~ i

t h e co-rc

o f

f i r - s r 1 ns tanc2

r e s t r a x t : , ~

I ?. l-cxventlon o f

t!lls

c o u ~ t

tc c a s z s whcrs

t h e s e n ; ~ : ~ c ~

- ;wars

~ n z ~ ~ h s c ~ a b l l ? ,

o r ha;

ns:.

been f i n 3 I n t r s c 6-c and ~ x 3 p e r

e::zrcLre

t h e

c o u r t ' s

a u t 5 c r l t y . "

./4

- -

. . . ..

a p p e l l a t e

c o u r t

does

n o t

i n t e r f e r e w i t h

t h e

s e n t e n c e

imposed mere ly because it i s o f

t h e view

t h a t t h a t s en t ence

i s insufficient o r excessive.

I t interferes o n l y i f it be

shown

t h a t t h e s e n t e n c i n g

l u d ~ e

was

i n e r r o r 11: a c t n g on

a wrong principle or i n mlsun8erskandlng o r i n wronsly

assessing

some

s a l l e n t f e a t u r e o f

t h e ev ide2ce .

The

e r r o r mzy

a p p e a r i n what

t!~s

s e n t e n c i n g

j ~ i d g t sa :d

i n

t h e

proceedings,

o r t h c s en t ence I t s s l f nay he s o e:.:ccss~vz

l n a e e q u a t e

t o m a n l f s s t

such

e r r o r .

(Sea

c,?:~cl-?! i;.,

S k l n ~ e r

v .

R. (1913) 1 6 C.L.R.336 a t pp.335-2-:0;

R .

7 1 .

Withers	- (1925) 25 S.R. ( N . S . W . )	38,	a t p.321:;	?;hlrtz!:fr	v.	X.
-

( 1 9 2 s )	4 1 C.L.R.230	a t p .2 t9 ;	G r ? f f ~ e h s	v .	R .	(1377) 15 ;.L?.	l
---	-

a t pp.! 5-1 7 ) .

A l t h c ~ q h

2'1 e r r e r ef

:zc-:L,L- t.?;

seil':c;!?zr

n s t

appea r b c f o r z

t h ?

a~:~ella:i! cc32r';

, ~ . ~ l l

in:r:y'Gxe

i n C.?

a p p e a l r a l s e s consic1eratlsr.s

~,:;ic:i

a r e n o t pzcss?~:: 1.2 an

a p p e a l by

de fendan t see::lcq

r eCac t ion i c kiss

cen tccce .

Crcji7n z p p s a l s have been

dsscribe::

c u t t i n g a c r o c s

" t i n e -

hono-r.?d

c o r . c ~ s t s o f

crlrn:=.a:

ad: --r.~stra'i.ior." ( ? c r Ear::;

C . J . ,

PEel v. Tks Queen (1971) 125 C.L.R.447

at p.452) .

Cro\ln

a p p e a l p c &

i n jec;jexc?y

" t h ? v e s t c d

lr.texe?L

t h a t

a mar.

h a s t~ t h e f r c e d c ~

w:lzch

i s h l s , s S j t c z tc. li!~e

- 7.

I LL ..

s c n t e n c s c i t h c r,rimary

tribu~zl"

(scr

I s a c c s

Li . ,

.LL,::CY

R . ,

s u n r a z t p.242) .

T h e

ee2d1.1 bcyo:.:: t5s scntr-r.ce

imposed

i s , f o r t h e secc:~d t l m - ,

i n jeopardy

oa n Crow?

a p p e a l a g a i n s t szr i tence.

Ic as

f i r s t - i n j.?3pa!:cP-

~ J C ~ O Z C

t h e

s e n t e n c l n s

c o u r t .

It would b e u n j u s t t o a defendant t o expose

him t o double jeopardy because of an e r r o r affecting

h i s s e n t e n c e ,

i f t h e Crown's

presentation

t h e c a s e

e l t h e r contributed

t o t h e e r r o r o r l e d t h e defen?anc

t o

r e f r a l n

from

d e a l l n g w l t h some

a s p e c t of

t h e

c a s e whlch

might have

r e b u t t e d t h e sugges t ed e r r o r .

Ths

Crc..~n h a s

been

s a i d n o t

t o be

concerned

w l t h

s e s t e n c z

( s e c ,

e . g . ,

Lawrence J. i n Papr ika Limi ted v. Board of Trace (1922)

1 K . B . 3 2 7

a t p .332) ,

b u t whe!~

s t a t l ~ o r y

rlg!i;.

c f zpr.-al

i s con fe r r ed

upon

t h e Crown,

t l l 3 t p r y ~ o s ~ t l c : ?

PUS=

K C Z C

p r e c l s e i y d c f l n e d .

I t rerta1r.s

t r a e t h a t t h e Cro.:r

r e q u i r e d

t o mcl!:e

i t s

s u S ; . ~ ~ s ~ ; ~ c : i s

a s

t.2

ser . tencr

f a l z l y

ahd i.1 an e?er?-hzl~d-~~?

marnr+:-;

&nd t h a t t h c Croh:~ dces no:,

an a S v z r s a q , p r e s s thr: sr::rs!lc;ng

c o u ~ t

f o r a h?:

s e z t s n c e .

The Crsf,,n has h d ~ t y

t c t h e cou-t

t o zsszs-L

it i n t h e tisZ of pess1,:T

senCe:;ce by an a5cqnatz

p r e s e n t a t ~ o n

t h e f a c t s ,

a p p l c p r l a t e

r e f u r c n c ~

t g

any

s p e c i a l p r l n c l p l e s

sente.!ci?g

vh lcn m=$ht

roasonab l r

b e thought t o be r e l e v a n t t o t h e c s s e i n hand,

and by

t e s t1n . j

o f

t h e dc?fen?i t~l t ' s

c a se ss fa:

as 1 i a:;??:.-.S

t o

r e ~ z u r r e

i t .

I f t h e p.:opozltlon

t h a t t h e C r v 7 n 1s rc:

co!lc*rned

111 t h sen tanc? wzs cra7er

cons t rued

a s

,;lj.;olvlng

t h e C r o ~ ~ n

f r c n t h l s du ty ,

l t cznnot hc

s o cor.s~ruac?

,..~hcc

a Cro~:n rlq-,:?:

o f appea l agcinsi ; scntcixc3 i s cs.?C>rr.-d.

The Crowr~ is under a du ty t o a s s ~ s ;

t h s

c o d r t

t? a - ~ o l d

ap[~ea!.ab!.e

e r r o r .

The perfor!-ccc? G:

t1;z.t

L c t y ;a

t!lc

c o u i t ensuraa

thtt t h e de fendzn t knows

t.hc

n z t c r c 3rd

e x t e n t of

t h e case

a g a l n s t him,

and t h u s has

f a l r

oppor t l ln l ty

o f

n e e t i n g

i t .

f a i l u r e by

t h e C r c w r .

t o

d i s c h a r g e t h a t

d u t y

may

not.

o n l y

c o c t r l b u t e

t o appea l aS le

e r r o r a f f e c t i n g t h e sentence,

buL

may

t e n d CO

d e p r i v e t h e

de fendan t o f

f a i r o p p o r t c n i t y o f meet ing

c;.ss

which

might

u l t ~ m a t e l y

be maze

on a p p e a i .

I t wovld bs u n j u s t t o

de fendac t ,

t -hosc fzecl2orn

i s

i n j e ~ p a r r l y f o r t h e second

t i m e ,

t o c o n s i d e r on

appea l

c a s e nade

a g a i c ~ t

him on 2

new b23xs - a bas;s

1;hich he rr.2,-:.t

havs s c c c ~ s ; f u l l y

b e f o r e

t h e

ser.tcr:clr?s

c o u r t .

A c

:.'?cZle~.,-ns C.;.

a'.

C . L .

s z l d

i n Rcq. v . Jac C..:. ' .

, Cellve:? r~

t h ? 2 ,c';:-?'

c c f

t:i?

':S:: SO:^'-^

. .

.ws !:oclc :ls;; see:, t a encc..ilrds;?

a-::

sy-. ;

;

x h i c h r z a r t r : .at

c;;az

s e r s br5a :h t

hsr.2

u,-?s.:

s.5'3 o f tl;~: Cr1-.;:121

F?c~D??I

'ct_ C;. bL?:c: :;hlch

wezc n o t ar;L~fl bzf~:?

tijc Ja<;e oeiov."

Altnoxc~!; thn s::rst?r.ce

o f err@:- 1s thn_ C O - T L ~ ~ ?

ground \:hicl1

e c t - t l s s

t h e ar l ;e l l ; te

ccLrz t o ir~:er-~-::e ;n

appea l s by

t h e Crorxn

nn2 by

d~Zer :dan t ( c f . R .

D u t l , ? r

[l9711 V.R.892;

Lie'cefci:;

C..'

~a-::?

t:??

A c t n r r ~ ~ ; - G ? r ~ s r r z l

- I-__

[l9731 Qf l .R .355)

, t l l e re wou;d

fa.;

c a s e s r:li,;-re

tine

~ p r ~ e l l d z s

courL

u o a l d

i n t e r v e n e

n p p c l l

a r z l n s t

s e l x s n c r

t? c3r :ect

an a l l e 5 e d e r r o r by 1r.crcas:nq

t!lz

senteRc2 if t i ; ~ rr,y-r.

juZge

ts avo ld t : l~

e r r o r ,

o r i f t S e ds~:~ndz:i?. ;::-L

u:c:';iy

p r e j u d i c e d i n i-i..--:tlns

f o r thc! fir:: tlrr- cn a?r,ezl

t l ~ s

z r u c

c a s e

a g a l n s t

h l x .

I n

t h e

l i g h t o f

t he se

g e n e r a l

o b s e r v a t i o n s ,

w e

t u r n t o t h e p r e s e n t

ap2ea l .

number

05 e r r o r s was

s a l d t o

r e v e a l e d

t h e

r ea sons

gxven

t h e

l e z r n e d s e n t e n c i n g

judge

f o r t h e s e n t e n c c s imposed.

But h i s Eonour 'a

r ea sons

exp res s no e r r o r o f principle,

n o r any

e r r o r i n t h e

u n d e r s t a n d ~ n g o f

t h e

f a c t s

(a l thoagh

t 5 e

~ r o c c d c r e

f 3 r

ascertaining t h e r e l e v a n t f a c t s gave ris2 t o SGT.?

unforc.~i:;te

d i f f l c u l t i e s

t o whlc:? r r I e z e n c e

,.ade 5~13:~)

. Tie Cro-;r.

sought

t o dax .ons t ra te ail

e r r o r of

t 2 e rslr-~:1:1~

k:n? by

su5.-; t t lng

t h z = t h e s cc t ences

in;cs:d

a r e r;..?clf?scl;l

i.?;c?>q.;zk--

i c ccn?ar:son

w ~ t h

t h o r3n7c of

5-??c:-ccs

s a l ? tc

s F 2 r o p r l i t :

t o t k offcncc? cnc:

t h e ~~.r:~;'i.st~::;c:s o f

c?=h C e i ~ r ~ Z ? . l t . s

~ 2 ~ 2 ,

I t VF.S

Cur the r ~ , & 7 : t C ~ d t:l?L-, l P ~ Z = L ~ ~ : J ' S

C L ? , i! ~eilt2?.c-.??

C j

p r i n r l p l e w:klch

was

a ~ p l ? c e l . l e

i n tho

c i r c . c s r J ; l c ? s ,

211c'

t g

which

r e f e r ~ n c e

w i l l presently bc

r a d o , mcsz havo t e e n

o v e r l o ~ k e d

by t!le lezirned s?n';~:lci;lg j~d<;-;.

Tho

p r l c c l p a l

f a c t s of

t h e cas?

: .ere

f u r ~ l - s i . e d

t o

t h e Suprsoe Cour t by

s t a t emen t s rrzfie by

ccLins?l from tse b a r

t a b l e ,

ar.d by

t h e t e n i e r l n g 05 COT:

2occr:knkary

e;:!ll1?:

including

r a c o r d s o f interview

g i s e n by

t h e defenEznts .

swor!?

e v i z e n c e was

adducsd.

Son12 f u r t h t ? r f a c i s

r r l e . i z n t

T a l ~ ' s

sentei?,-e were co:~71lr.~nic~ted

t 3 t h c

?c?.~e

c!-.mkers

counse l

f o r T a l t i n t h e F=es?r:ce

c o u n s e l f o r t:?e

Cr.;:<n.

When

t h l s appea l w . ~ s

f l r s k argilzr?; r-c was un<2rs7:ooL

t h a t

t h e

d i s c l ~ s s l o r ,

bzt\:;.zn

t h z jucisc azd rr~u:lsc?l rn chambe~rs

r e l a t e d

s o l e l y t o t h e

n n s c c c c s s f ~ ~ l

maklng o f

an a??l lcat iOi l

counse l f o r T a i t t h a t t i le Codrt !?c c l c s s d :G

a1lo.h. h

kc:

d e a l w i t h some n a t t e r s

conf1dential1.y.

The

transcript

o f

t h e p roceed ings

i n t h e Court

s u g ~ , ? s t e d

t h a t t h a t w a s

t h e on ly matter discussed i n charrhsrs.

Hoy:evzr,

a f t s r

judgment

had been

r e s e r v e d ,

t h e e p p e a l was,

a t t h e r e q c n s t

o f

c o u n s e l

f o r T a t , r e l ~ s t e d

and w e were

i n L a r e d t h a t

n a t t e r s

r e l e v a n t

t o TELC 'S

s en t ence

h22

bner.

d l s c u a s e d

i n

chambers.

W e

acceded

t o an

a > p l l c a t ~ o r ,

t o i r . s - l tz

t h e

l e z r n z d scnli=r.zx:g

].;i!?c

tc S C E ? ~ ~

E rey;sr'c, 222 k l s t:,:.?sur

f u r n i s h ? ?

r epo rk

r e l z i l , l q t u

t!lc

c:.l:~mke-:

l : . : i . . - - - q

>.S

it appears

f r o n t h a t repo.;:

t h - t

t!-L?

r c c c r a

c,=

prozes2L~; s

bcfore t h e S u 2 r e r s C s i r t Coez ncc Cisclc:e

cf tr.2

mL,-ters

A - ~ ~ c ? .

.'- -

r~21;>~,?.2

W: ?.l, h-.S !!GXC-~L 1~ L:~?C:,

:-.c 7 ?-:<,:?L?

aild t k a t h e ya7.s

i15;qkt

'c,) !::ILL

rcn-?-,?l :?.&C

r-12 11; :v

1.1

chamL>rs, a qLizstlcn a r l z ? ~

.IS

t 3 r,*k2i:I~_r

1::

CS~:C~T-~I : . - . - ! , ~ '

t h l s appal. w e shou ld ta!-,z l z t G ~ C C G ~ P L

3 5 : z l r t t e r ;

t o

whlch r e 3 e l n c e .-:as

n?dc l n ch;rr>crs.

Cocnsel

a t t cnf i sd

i n t h e

) u 5 3 e 1 s c'??.::::,,;

d i s c u s s

t h e

grounes

t h e a ~ p l l c a t l c i : t o c l c z s t h 2 cs,-#:t,

Wnen ccuns?.l were i n ch.>;r.':?rs, his Rozocr ln<.lczt;C Li11:

c ~ n s l d e r e d

t h a t i f t k r e was makerls.1 t o b e c?.l;-,?yfd

cor , f iC>nce, t!:ls

shoulC occur sn c!l:.-L-i;ers;

rl' - - L ,

__l.

L L.I--I

::I

a clcs?i! c o u r t .

Cou-isel £ 9 ~

t h e Croi;:

~.l.:i:.~:?

t!?;:

t.:

k i 2 2

no 0 b 1 c c t i c n t o ~ L ~ L S

C C ~ S L S , ~ . C O U : I S C ~ £0:

TZL:

ti1:+11

c e r t a l n

s u h ~ . ! ~ s s ~ o n = .

t c h ~ s

Moxour rc1at1r .g :-3 I

rL:.-.si..?;

f o r applying t o c l o ? e t!;c

CO~JL-c_

and t o ~ a t t ? r s

.;.:?."h

z ! "3u lC

b e tnken i n t o acconnk 1:i

T a ~ t ' s

Eavcuz .

Thc

]CA;+

? l Y i l z 2 d

counse l t h a t he would

t a k e

t h e suSmlsslons

l n t o account ,

a l though

he would

n o t make

r e f e r e n c e

t o them

i n h l s

remarks

upon

p a s s i n g

scnteAce.

The

r e c o r d o-he

? r o c c e d l c r s

b e f o r e

t h e Supre?~e

Court

d i d n o t disclose,

an2 was

cc . lcx la te2

n o t

t o d i s c l o s e ,

t h e n a t u r e

o f

t h e d i s c u s s i g n s

i n chzn5ers.

. ' r i t t e n

r e c o r d was

k e s t of

t hose

? i s c ~ i s s i c n s b

his

Honour's

r e p o r t ,

a m p l l i l e d by

f u r t h e r ag reed s;a;err.?r.-.

o f

f a c t s

( E s h l b l t A ) ,

cons-~.;s

t o us

g e n e r a l u.?c'.erstx7--n,; 05

t h e na l . t e r s

213cuss2J..

2 r c COIIS:T~;T.~C:

c 3 L _ i ! : l 3

t:10s?

ma t t cc s

i n t o a c c o a c t ,

nct

bccric:?

t h e n a t t e r s

d ~ s c u s s e d

pz~,,,a&1y ?;L:';

t h ~

) c d q ~

l f i c : ? -~>+rs ~

tc l;= -=c>?r<,s< 25

,=,-v c,

e x - i l ~ c c ?

p i ~ x z d h----

=cc: S - ~ r e ? ? Cccr: ,

b > ~ f

t e z a . 7 ~ :

relnv2r. t

f a c t s , r.3~; fclrrlj.s:1?ci. t o US,

v ~ r e

f~rr,:.;'il=?. t 5 ?.I

Honoar

p ~ o c c Z u r e

which, T a i t wzc assure?, it :12s

appropriate f o r h ~ n

t o f o l l c : ~

i r . o A e r t o ha-7c

t n c s z

r , l ?~ke r s

cocsl?e?:cd.

I t wguld 0.2 .-un;us:: f o r t h l s C s ~ r t

t o i3r,cl-r: L:;

n i t ] gakirig

c1rcunsta i .css

w.?~c, l

\ iz h+ue bczri 1~.'or.i25 2r.d

which t h e S~?re!;:? Cour t c c ~ k

in:-c,

acccrr i t !r.o-i-cl:r kczads? t h e

procedure adopted by

t h e loaznsd scncencln;

jcdye,

t : i ~ h t n z

tor-sent

o f

b o t h c o u n s e l , \$as :let consonant with

t!:~

p:rqc.:iule

which ous!~':

t o b e fo1love.l

i n - .~l; . . lnal c -zes .

Latt:?-

L;-.

t h l s

j u d g x n t ,

:ie

r:i.z.ll rlfsr t o sr, ,n=

t h e :3:-?:IC:F~,~S

v ; l 1 1 ~ 1 1

gave:-n

t h e col.lrs?

~ . ; h ~ z h

9 cod:-r

s l l ~ ~ ~ ~ l c :

t l k e V . ~ Z .

a]-.

a p p l i z z z i o c

i s made

'ih-t

: , l t

l n cal-rrz.

Fox

t::~ mo.;e<:t,

it su,?flces t o n o 2 t 3 a c L!]?

mate;-lal !::i;'.c:l

!.;c

1:711,

Z t thc

r e q , ~ e s t

o f

tne

p a r t i c s ,

t aken

l . -~to accoucc

i n C ~ 1 z i 1 1 . 7 9

tl-e

a p p e a l

i n T a l t ' s

c a s e

i n c l u s e s

in for rna t icn

f u r n i s h e d

t c

us by

t h e l e a r n e d sentencing :udge

in h i s r e p o r t , and an

ag reed

s t a t e m e n t o f

f a c t s

( E s h l b i t A)

furnished

t o us

t h e p a r t i e s

i n a n p l l f l c a t l o n o f

h i s

Hoxour's

r e p o r t .

Although these d o c ~ ~ e n t s

were

r s f a r z e d

t o o r recc i - jed

i n open c o u r t b e f o r e u s ,

have

thougii t

r t r l g k t n-'-

" L

r e v e a l

t h e i r

r e f e r e n c e s

t c T a l t .

A c c o r c : ~ c s l y , W?

hax-e

p r o h i b l c e d

t h e ~ r

p u u l ~

c a t l o n

c c t r l f ~ i z t ; ~ e z

o r d e z ,

a:-.d

d ~ r e c t e d

t n a t t h e y be

s c l t a b l y k e ~ ? 11.. t!:e

rs~ls t r ; .

T h l s

ccu..-s>

has n o t affect .--2 ~cL?.:c

a--?--

,--hJ t~

t h e pr1nci.c-l

facts c,; ri:e

c ? s ~

;:h;zh ~ ~ t ~ r e

> ' ;b l~cL. i

s t s t e c b c f c z c t h e S.::>re:n

Cci:r:.

T h e

r? less . l t

sh rzn : l c~~ - c f

khc

prrs-c:

ccsa

cu.-r;:,s:.i.$s

eLoiz I 2 r?.o:rchs t s f o r s C.".(: c.rm?3::re.:::e

C? -i:e

e:-ents wtlc!; qave rl-2 '20 t h z ;L-?SE~ITI c.::z~z.

21: ~:I?.L

tir:e,

T a i t ' s

ccunsel

se, 3 , T a l t i!a;

ep;:shcr.?cc!

a.:d

d e t a z c e d i n InLcr,csla

fcr

c~rr-,ir.q

i l L z , a l

c z i y o sf

drucjs,

and

syx . l~ce '~ . -

of persr,:Is

e s s r c l : n ? h l n l r . f

f r o n t h a t ccli~?tr;: acd

th=r?h;'

p l l c e e h l r ~ n c ' . + r

ar.

oS l lg . i t i on

t-o underta!ce

f l l g h r

f r x - E;ng::3X

t o k u s t r a l l ?

c a r r y l c g drcbza.

Tne

s y r d l c a t s which

hsi

ren,:?:cd

h i 3

t h l s ass is tc : ;ce

p t t the.

;?rr,~os,-.l t c h i r i

i r , Ekp5k5l:.

Accorcl~nq

t o Tal::'s

r?coi--: 0:

ln:erv-c:.;,

;c:;

hls co:::lscl

topic t o be a n zccura'ce sr?.t.?-l.lcxt, i n 0-c ;+c~:"~-'~ol,ez

1977

he c z s appr3ached t c f1.y

l s a ? of b ~ 2 J h z

sti.c::s 12?0

P.us:rllia.

Budc'.!:a

s t i c k s +re t:;c

£10 -~rin,;

tci2.i cf t:le

plenl: czrmzk~s

s z t ~ v c l

5cl;nd arc1172 .z bz.i!aor! t:.:~g.

T a l t a g r e e 3 t o t h e p roposa l .

Money was

advanced t o

him t o pay

h l s f a r e t o t h e Unlted S t a t e s and t o Fay

d e p o s i t o f

$ 5 , 0 0 6

t h e purchase

o f

s u l t a b l e

a i r c r a f t .

H e

found such

a l . r c r a f t

s.t

San

J o s s iq

C z l l f o r n l a ,

p a l 2 t h e d e p o s r t ,

secured

c o n t r a c t ,

2nd

r e t u r n e d t o Banykok.

tie was

cllen glven same a d d ~ t l s n ~ l

funds

t o pay

t h e balarice

o r

t h e ~ . l r c i i z s e

p ~ l c e . It?

Noverber

1977 h e a g u n went t o t h e Uni tcd S t .? tcs .

Ti isz~?,

a f t e r t h e a i r c r a f t ::es

f l t z c d w1th

long rz,l:e

tai-.!:S

a t a

c o s t c:

a ccu:ic

o f

t:~cusar,C dc,Llzzs a r ? 2

C .E.

rii,?'.l~,

Lock

dsl l . s .er~j o"!:~

jircra:c.

, = f

L = ,

_ C

L O --.&.-,L,

P-'

p] -P' -

whey?

h s a r i - ~ v e ; or1

3i Dec~rr.':i;

l$-/?.

Tn? sl~cr-~?.:c wzs

t hen plpce.3 LLI d har:r;ar

f c r r :;,:.Le:-

na: .' L-ziia. ic~. i a - 5

chcckoc:

on t h e px23ress o f t:,c

i?o:n:,-cl:,:.,-

f r c r , L:,<?

t o

t lme an3 then s e c t a nessage ts Syznev f o r "son- yccnJ

f e l l o t r " t o Sr

recruit-2

a s aI? ass i s tz inc cr.

tho- f11qi1~.

'LIJ

1 2 u s t r a l l a .

Fie

was

f , ~ r n i z h ? d f

cc ! ; S;rc':zcy

\ i l t h i??,r;isy's

name and a d i z e s s a d , i n mid--J2nls2ry, 5cr.k B&:-clr;?

Syd-ey

a p re -pa id

t i c k e t t o Em,-l:&.

B?.rj-ley,

UZ-I?;

Zi::

t1cl ;et

53 prov ide2 ,

t r -ave l le?

t c Bai-!ql:o!r

o r z t z c - c 1 9

Jan-+ry

1 9 7 3 .

T a i t nad b~o!(fC: J a r t l s y l n a t t h e I;,r?rla:

Hc:tel, E.?n~kok, a ~ d

X.-:

hLn op ar;lv-.l.

T a ~ t

ts-;L. i?;lr:~*-~.

t o s e e t h e a1 r c r a f t s o t h a t 1 3 , :

coclr? f,i.:~l:?.r~ze

k.,.r,.-el;

w i t h

it.

?.?rear?

t h a t T a l t

r e q u l z e i Car t127

r e r ? e r

assistance w ~ t h

t h s

f u e l

s y s t ~ . ? :

l n t113

a z r c r c f t .

Z a ~ t l ? ; '

and Ta.1.t were t o tr-srcl

on f,:!s..-

docu-, , s :~ is . T x t !:as

t r a v e l l i n g

~?r .der

the n a r s oE

Peker A r t h z r UTon.23

r,n a

New

Zeeland p a s s p o r t and had an hmerlcan p i l o t ' s

l l c e n c c i n

t h e sane nape.

According

t o B a r t l e y ,

Talk h,?d p r e ~ a r e d

false

p z l c t ' s

l l c c c c e

and

a i r c r a f c crew

l d c c ~ t l f i c a t ~ c n

docnnents

f o r E a r t l e y .

B a r t l e y had

f ly lnc: s k i l l s .

T a i t and E a r t l e y

l e f c Eans'iok

oil

S a t u r l a y r;.3rnlnq,

2 1 January 1976.

T a l t sa:d

t h h t y:ih,~n th;!

z:rcraf:

SeparLc2

from Bsnskok, it vias cerryi::s aTyroxmzL2;;

klics of

comp~ressed buil.C!?a

s t l c k s wh: ch 112s t 3 e ;-C::;T-:I

qc.a:klty

-ch;t

t h e a l x c r a f :

c o u l d c:rl-y.

Iic

s a l 2 'L'IZ:

L?.*

c;^rc;r,

loa?. 1

by c:-!~,?r

perso?.s l n Eilr?q'.;o1.;, aiiJ t::=.t 17.c f 15

- f

r~:l t?'?,

? t z

Dru-?el on t i e f1rs.c

l e g 02 h l s jGc-::ey

t,;

A ~ 3 t r l l : a .

~ z r t l c - . ,

on t:>e c l - l c r l-.end,

i n n l o see:--'

1 a=c~.-:l r.:

1?1-:+r-,

s,:lL

tb?.? C>:? ~ L ~ Z Z + ? Y

i ~ . ; i < z :

a t ET\ ?

race? L::>

z':,:.-k

fl---::~s ti

-c

frc:r

Ee5,;L.u..

-1112 the : ! .E ?c - - c : -:

?en lc:.C.=::

w - th

b~c!<>.z s L 1 . 5 : ~ v:!llch	!:er,? ~ZGIL-,:::	or.t	:I:	a LL:.-~: k:s	f 5 . ~ -
. -

Thai m,:?

ir. grc i r , u i ~ ; ~ s z ! ? s . I n

th-c-

r e - - r e 2"

i!?ts:-+-lz-.;

Bar:lr:,-

s 3 ? d h- loe2?c! tht! l?i;:?:.c

cc..,?:?

-...

t GI ';

:,l373

- -

. .

wich t i z bo.:c.s

ccntz . ln in5 t h e L,,-&

:2 s ~ l z

.S.

Thfy e r r i v e d i n 9r;?.ei,

5crn: - .

2 5 ~ 1 ~ :

7 . ~C;;..I

C,..

, -

1cc.a; tin.:

and s t 2 y c 3 the:?

0 t - 2 ~

L;>L-.

L . - -L

refueI.:st2

t ? e

a l r z r a f c ,

c~;~?pL?'ic?5

ccs "21s

fc:-z!

L?:.;-,

S ,.L171

t t j S a

f l l ~ h t

F l a n

t c

the

Borneo

a 7 ~ t : : o : l t l ~ s .

I t

1 ;~s a

Tzl;;c

L C ' L I C ; . ~

plL!n.

I r , z t - r S

53113.7inc~ th.:

fl:=!;+:

;

ELL.I_L:,.; I :C

L.,

. -

D o ~ n e o

; u c h c r i t l c s ,

' l n ~ ' , t

flc:

ihe

B:YCZ;

- L

C,!:

t..? ~'(.'rr,'~7g C!

2 2 .Sar!:?ry

1978 towards t !?~

K3r::h.x-n Tc~rriLcrry. tid 1?3<e

r c i k ~

c c n t e c t v.l.kh

a nm,he7: c£ c,;r

32.. 2 9-,

CL,>LI .?:t:.:ririe~

and

gave

them

f a l s e p o s l t l o n

r e p o r t s .

H e had

i n t e n d e d

t o

c r o s s

t h e Australian

c c a s t l l n e about

6 0

ml l e s

wes t

o f

Darwln

b u t i n f a c t he

c ros s??

i t aboc t

10 ml l e s w s s t o f

Dardin.

H e e n t e r e d c o n t r o l l s d

airspace,

was

detected

by r a d a r a t t h e Darvrln a i r p o r t , and was

interce;:Lzd

RhAF

Hercu les

a i r c r a f t which was

d l v e r t e d f a r t n s p u r p s ?

from a

f l i g h t f r o ?

a u t t e r w o r t h I n Malz;ls;a

t o Pa-?ili?.

The

Hercules

f c l l c - e d T a l t ' s

a l r c r a f t

s3ukh~,/crr!

f a r sc7'f

d l s t ~ c c c . T!le

Hercd lcs

r o l l c d l t s W

;

:;h;ck

T-LL

und; . r s ;~c i

si:n+l

"fol los : me"

c:it

h+ 6 1 C n o r

f o l l ~ -

t h a t i1lst:acklca

as he P.-d

h;-.;l

k1k E?r:r^:cs

;

:iZ;:'J

ra l r2 th:-,

it h z i ccly

2 h u u r s ' enC.!rz:.ce,

a r d T2lz

6cciL#?cl :.G

CVR:-LI:>-L

w ~ t l :

i i i 5

f i . 1 5 2 ~

?--I

h s i e 4~>:7:

t??

E?rc.:le:

~ : o s l l

h ~ ~ - e

CD r s t > d r n ";L-

Iuc!..

T a l t ex2ec c 2 6

t o r e : ~ ~ v =

ed-.,lc- on t.12 C 3 r-?:~

e f c e r he

c r ~ s s - d

t h e Austrc- . l lzi : c,>astl;:l--

c?-rs,:cl:y

hi:;

i c

a dcsi,;r,at?d

I ~ n l l ? ; spck v;;?c;-c.

P a l s aircraft wr~1:lL L ?

un:ocf!ed

ar.B rsZu-. i leZ by a g r o x r i p;>;-ty.

It was ::x.::,2

t h a t Barz ley shou ld lea\ -e kiln

a t t h a t spuc and t h z c h;;

T a l t ,

s h o a l 2 l ~ r n ~ d i z t e i y

r e t u r c t o B i c n e ~ .

Dy t!:e

t.1,l.z the KIJ?F 5erccl :s

~ 7 3 : ~ ~

U? +--I?

s ~ ~ r ~ ~ e l l l a : ~ c , z

c£ Tai+:'s

a ~ r c : ? : ~ L Z \<,:S

zli,~c:::

C?:':

zr<i ??it

e s t l r . z t e d

t h a t t.2

had

c n l y

z F c ~ t

2; n~lr-.';?e; cf Id:!.

lcf: .

I!c

dezld32 t o lar:? c l c s s t o a rc?.~?

\:,:err k.2 c31i!;I: ;c: zr.35-

t n e aircraft

and ~21:: a::a;;

f i x I.=.

!Ice

29~::.

~ 1 c . c e 2 b c ~ :

1 4 o r 1 5 kllo.-et!:~;

nor"

o f KfK-l;'?:rln;., ha3 Earr-:cy

l i2;c?

t h e

f u e l

l l n e ,

l anded

t h e a l r c r a f t ,

d i s connec ted

t h e

f c e l l l n e s o t h a t t h e r e would b e

f low o f

f c e l an2 f l r e d

f i v e Verey p i s t o l f l ~ r e s

l n t o t h e a l r c r a f t i n t h e hcpe

des:roylng

i t s c c n t e n t s .

The

a l r c r a f t 1\~2s v ~ r t d a l l y

d e s t r o y e d by

f ~ r e

b u t on ly p a r t o f

t h e c o n t s t s was

d e s t r o y e d .

Ta ik

and

S a ~ L l c y

walked through t::e scr:J;

u c t i l t hey caine

t o a roa-1 1:hlch

t 5 e y thcu,-lit ::3i:ld

1'3-,:2

t o 1:atherinc.

They follov.ed t h - 5 ruzd until

t.le;r

c a - c

m-. t

t o t!l= S t i l a r t Illcjh-7;s.

W e r e

t h e y

~ l r t e r j

cry--.:..~i?:i.

gavc E s r t l e y an? t r , t~.elephc!:e T z - t 'S ;. L?;:

$ : @ G

sad ~ r . s t r ~ c t s C

h:-, ts 7- L.:.

Kzt?::r::-?

l n Sy(<~1-.4-

tc: t c l l P,?.:

v::::.-

had	h.?:;y;~:~s(?.

T d l t 5,e,:t

*:-r;

t h e 5tc:r

: Er:!

- -- .

, -j f

*.!.c .

- ,

r .

cr,uax.;er

of a m ~ l e

then

I. -.:L

l?.t3 t>A.c crzx:,

c'.:.=

..il.

L , I ~ . L

w a s ol: t:12

S~:,-,Zziy xi;?'-.

Ee S=??$? t:irrs e: l

Ccy :.:o::ic:,

and w i

t:c?

r.c.1-c:;!.;irZs

a l zng t:le

S : ~ r . l - t EL<!-,

:,cl' to; 3r::r;

D?.!7:1;-.

f ~ r

i'rCzt 3: til? I.:~.l,a;r

niqn-,, i~ovlr?c

i:;-,o

t S i ?

s c r ~ : >

w ~ c . . I I = \ - . - ~

a c z r c27.c p a s t .

2e kar? e ~ l - s n

n2tl:ir.r; sin.;?

Sz ta rdag n l $ h t

l n E r u ~ c l . 0z

thc

Tu?s3ay

rpsrn la> h e

dcc~rleci he wcvl2 qj.;-e hir-:?lf

r.:tion

hr. s l y : t l - 2 rlcjht.

o2yc r t i . n~Cy .

wcr..red cl ~ o l l c z

c a r dc-:I v~ke.1 he SA;.:

c n s

ap?rr,zchlr.c

+n2 qel-e h l l ~ z c l f up.

The

p c l ~ . z s

rcco~7~?x?d

l , i 3

kllo<r:t:rc-

oT c=r, i?nl .~s

r d r e t kan t ; . a:?oi:ni:

s:sec:fl~-? l!?

t h e inf i? .c tm;l t -

froin t!:?

~ u ? r c t

a l r . i ~ f t .

T a i t [:.,.S

;s:ic-d

1.1 t n e recor l sf iAlt;.:-;ic.

sbout

h l s pzyn.e;lt f ~ r

p. ctlz~!;.-1t1,311 l n tii? c r T t c i - ~ ; l s e .

tre 5212

t h a t he had

a l r e a d y r e c e l v e d

abcut

$US1O,OOO,

t h e mdjor

p a r t o f which

had been ou t l ayed i n t h e p ~ r c h a s e

o f

t h e

a l r c r a f t .

H e was

asked whether

he w a s

t 3 r e c e l v e

an;r

f u r t h e r moneys

a f t e r he completed

t h c t r l? t o Australia

and

h i s r e p l y was

"Yes,

$10,000 makin5 a t o t a l c l $ 5 0 , C C O

arid

n a t d r a l l y t h e a l r c r a E t was

rernz1r.i

pr.3:

2 r ty" .

lo.,~arY;

.L -4,;

t k 2

551:-

t h e end of h l s recor2 05 in:ervlc;i:;

sc.rvr.S

s t s t e ~ e n : . "I on ly w2r.t

t c sr:

t : ~ t

F-.

c!-.L;

o p e r z t l o n

i s ~ - r l c t l y

tl-~r:r;,?:r2;li:,?.;".

>.lt!-.cc:n

cc;::.:?:

£G!.-

t:l? CrsY.!n i n f c r i w l ti-.?

C c u r t t h z t "=;;.-'-

1 s n?:

;a: i-- t l ,>~.

wnlc!? the Crab-c ne?es sz -2 1.1

( S : c ) ZC:?::,:~

~t..--;:r:;.

y 3 ~ r

r-:

i ? D n c , l r tr: aCC-.;;t",

no ~7iC.e

;c2

:;is

C: 112i.

. . X .

- 2 ; C. >S

e7.~:2cncc zr.3 t1.c ILCLS

:>L.OSS:I~CC: LO t!-.l- SL:: 3.~':;-

-i l

l? 317

;

- -

t h e Cro\r. sec,

t c h:,,.:

hc;,:~ fcc>:.rc cr. t3.2

l,;.fcrr>: .~c:-

fur-:s'~sd

bczh

r e s L > ~ n $ c n t s

t c =>c i n v c s t ; ~ a t ; x .

o u t l ~ n l n c ~

t h e f z c t s fzom t!le

baz ~ l l j l e ,

c,;x:.;el isr L:$

C,-,G.;.:

r e c i t e d liilac

e~c:il acccc,;i!

hha ss2l.d

i r , r e c s r 2 s 0;'

11--nv"'~3"?.

.L - -

Pollc:7ing

t ! ~ e 2 r z c t l c e in

t h e X ~ ) x t i ~ e r i ?

T e z i - l t z y h;s

ht2.!3.:rr

a c t e d

upcn

t h e

s u k ~ n ~ s ; ~ o . n . s

o f cc..~r.s?l f o r T a l t , t?:c~;<?.

WO-1-2 have Lsen e n t ~ t l c "

t o req.L;r-

ecl?eL:os f r c a TILE a s ':D

t h e exten,

h i s 11l.;olvzn~~1'i,

l E T a l t ;:~::c.l

2-52?

p~iillsh:lc.n.)i

atti-~:3ul:l,:~ t h * G- izz-a l l ec'..8:sgr~r.:urlll

:._-i>

I n

t h e

ver?turc

t3 ~ c ; i c r partlcxs~r

Ls .

1:o:-cy,c?-,

l : ~ c !lo::cir

d l d a c c e p t t h a t T a l t ' s rql

9,+3

p 7 5

r l l j t - d

t 3 tr.e

c-:<~c;7..c^C.;

of tti2 transyor:: ,	the r?crdltPcnc_ cf E a r t l c y , anC th#3 fly?-r~Li
05 chc aircraft.

The

f a c t s

i n B a r t l e y ' s

ca sc w e r e p l a c e d

b e f o r e

t h e Court

s u b n l s s l o n s

from

t h e b a r

t a b l e ,

t5e

t e n d e r i n g o f

t-do

r e c o r s s

o f

intei-\rIe:r

give? by

a a r t l e y ,

and by

the tendering of a t r a r , s c r l ~ t

o: t:is ren=r!:s nzf:.e

S t l p e n d ~ z r y Magistrate

1 4 DecenLer'

15.77 when

s e a t e n c l n g Bax t l ey

res?cc:

two

e a r i ~ e r

o f f 2 r c ~ ! s

l n v c l v ~ n g

cannabis

t o w h ~ c h

:-is had c?.?:

p:s>-::d qciltp.

Baxt lcy was,

at t h e t l - e

o f t.1.2

?r@s*-=

of:

;:c,?,

a c p ? 21.

B-

- + l + y

--- h282 beer, rzki-c?.c!:cc? f z ~ n

?,:.S e~>l>;:~:..~:.

I n Sylne;'

l!~

1977.

9e t i a s ofi'2i-ed a ] c5 l i ? b:?2 ?:,;rt:'5z.:

T e r r i z o r ? LO ;:c:'.;

a s a 1~5;;:-zr,

t o hc-l;

I n t:?

:;zci.~r:-2;1

- -

cf 2 ~ . i ! - ~ k ~ ! l t ~ ? ?

qL:.l;li:y

~f ~i:!:.*5..::.

:<AS 5%-T c l ~ ?

SyfiriC2y

t C .

CZr.':lI

h 7 1 S z a i ~ l . ?.S

C <

C;l:.S

?Y'>'.

:,', .

7 -*:.l,

hc was c;~:~:,??.

a;!<

cx-.~.-lcizi s X : - - r - ~ . ~ . z

L.: F?;:,=.

s-S?. r,f

,-.-,

c a ~ l r . a b ~ n

a.??, c ? a f

i l - ~ L C L

~f :n : :?

of U-' -S

.-..

r<:Y!l?:::s.

L..

C!I-~;TC=

F7SSC.SS1P;

C u T . . ? - -

. . c d - ~ ?,c W13 flr.53 Sic;: xL;:

or62rc-7 t z b e ?->!:lsaned

20:

3 rr;z';hs,

t .>~=

tk-

S? i l iS ' ? c -~

o f

irr.?rlssnri.er?c $:as

s~E?z?-.I%;!

f 5 : t l - . ~ ~ h

'~1;cn

::L;

e ; . -ex~" 3

i n c o h i s c:in

rccoq:?lzsr.cs

i n :-!:a

s a x of

'$12'3

r o 5.2 o.?

ycc-l

b r . h ? . ~ ~ c l ~ ;

f o r a perlocl s,F

t. o y z z r s .

O n t!;e

cl::i:?

usL11~ c3:?11zki-3.c hf: w a z

f r i e d $ ; G ,

r;>:;i-.g

$150 :ri

a1 l.

vas c l - ~ e n

i r ~ r . t h

t o ? s i r .

Iic

r,2kizne? t .2 S:;'.7,3:7

skorLly zfker. h l ? sgpeer: ;ITC

keToie t!:n

C c l z l ; c ? Tet;:~

S ~ S S I

c:-,~ iv.

E>.~-;L> zq 14 Cczz : r :x r

I I .

IF. S27c?:.cy, >L?

i n € t V l c t o r Tal:,

[:L<:?

I::!:.:

h ? ncid 5z-n

tc; S! hcr~1.

V l c t o z Tzit i s t l l ~

scn of Donal-l 'TJ;~.

i4 ;2nl2?Ty

: " E ,

V i c t o r

T a i t

o f f e r e d

B a r t l e y

o p g o r t u n l t y

t o t r a v e l

t o Bangkok

i n o r d e r t o accompany

Donald Talk c n a

f i l g h t frcja Bang1:ok

t o A u s t r a l i a carry1:lc:

nzr ihr lana.

B a r t l e y

a c c e p t e d .

V l c t o r

T a i t

t o l d a a r t l c y

t o p i c k

up a d l d t h i s on 16 January 1379.

p r e p a i d

t l c k e t from Cantas

i n Sydney.

B a r t l s y

Fie

l e f t frr Sar.;ko::

18 Jancary 1978.

Dona1.d

T a l t n e t him e t t h e a ~ r p o r t

and took h;m

t o tP.e

I r n ~ o r l a l

E:ce l and g~,:.: h ~ m

1 , C C O

b a h t , w11:ch

1s aSclct $50,

l n a??:tlo-

t o FC::.X~J

i-'-s

exsenscs .

T a l t too:< h171 on:

t s t h e 3an5k;r

z l r 2 o r t a::d

si?o.i;.2::

hi;n t?? ~ 1 s .

r e ~n w l . l = : ~ the!r

h,-.rc

t c fly

C-o

Aus t i - s l l a .

;<e f ~ ; ~ - 3 3 .

z cz.':t

?:.lcilz l;,c:.".cr.

a r i a

G t l lc?e.:tlTicr.,ti-sr c ~ r d

f o r 52:-:lt:

, ~51,: :

photoyra;%

swhlch Ear~1e- i oatai :?af

f o r c h s F Y Y : C ~ ~ .

a i i i - t l -yqs

recoc<

i n t e r v l e - :

s.k- kzr,;-;-1:.1;

c o n f l r ~ e d

T a i t ' s

r r c z r d o f

lnter-.?:e-:

a s t o t he E_.:?.T_S

o f t : l~ l andrng a:

fllCJkt to A u ~ k r h l l e , e>:?t??t f

L..L

z l I ~ ; c :

an A l r Force b=.:.se wk.rrs

t i e cazL%iar? >p--

..C-E

and tin

containers

csn:;:rr,g

b u i C z a s t ~ c l r s

v e r e

l o d ? r d .

A f t e r T e i t l anded t h e p l ane

i n a

f l e l c? nz:r

i;ath:rl:.s,

Bdr t l ey knev t h a t T a l t u l l ~ d

=. p s t r o l line c?.

.l?.(?

s a : ~ h i 3 S!-.cr,u

t h r s e

f l z r s s I n t o E:?C

c a L ~ n

r~i--c.; s:.~~:Crd

a s r l a l l fire 11:

khe 17ter1=.r o f cne ~1,::::.

E a r t L ~ ~ .

z rd

Ta:t

pz r t ed cr,npany.

Tz3.t

~ C - J C h l ?

P ~ I - c :

,217

ws:~';

i n t o i :a thex~: :~.

F!?

:.,-S

a:-i;r-szcLL?;l

b:'

p s l 1 c+, S u t

h2 g.?vs a false acco:.!:i

of: hlp.cnlf .

9il rang 1;:s.

T?.L t

i n Sydney c n t h e f o l l o w i ~ ~

day.

H e was

appre::=nc?ed

a t t h e K a t h e r l n e

p o s t

o f f i c e .

H e gave

r e c o r d

i n t e rvzew t o t h e p o l l c e ln

t h e e s r l y touj:s

Tnesdzy

21: Janua ry l n which he gave a nls!ca?lcg

accoun t cf

how

c a z o t o b e i n Kat'rLermc, s?.yln?

t ! ~ a t he had

beer, croployed

t o d r i v e t o Sydzoy

v e h l c l e

l~aZec ! w:r.!l

marlhuaca.

The

stateZen';

which

a2r r l t t eS

c z : ~ s l l c ~ . c y

t h e f l i r ; :? t

L'rsln Bancj:-:cl:

t o ;?ar; lr . ?;,.S

~ l v c : . or: Tt1csd:y

a f t c ~ i l s c n , 21

Jariuary.

B a r t l s y ' S c?.-.ns31

~:?:.~rrn?c!

:-:

l e a rzc j .

s~?r,t~:zcir.g JL:.!~,?,

hc:

E;-sr,

c,,l:

. 2 i r ,

7 -

t h e

~ ~ C Z R , : Y ? C c - .',

i . l tC - ; - l ? : ;

:.h

1 ::.

L71.1;".+2

l ; l : l ? i l

a t a,: P.:r

f ~ r c c

b e s s

t3 F:

C':

t2.z b;lLt..-

S :i:':s

r:. :,

A.! rzcug!:

Eaztley ;aTr2 E:.

: .<~.:c2 cL:2 l z ~ - ? . z , i

sent-..ic,;-G

j j ,'y2

a c t e d cc,.:.? coLrLc:.l's 5 i3':;?

?.?L

rt~;!:

f r ~ m

:~:e 2 5 r - 5 s i c n

a s t o t i ;2

1*22<-,:g

kn:

bc:.es

i t

: S . : "L 20 c@:

taks

i-?

k.0

zccs>x-,? a . 1 ~

j:;+sc::,n

c - 1 0 ~

,c!: 7,s ?.? t?. 2

s e n t 2 c c e I I:OJ:<

l npcsc . "

I n h

f l ~ ~ t

zt?i.cr? C:

inLec\.la~.? E a r t l e : ~ said

h e

V ' E S

t~ ; 3 ~ 3 i . : 7 2

S1,CGS

~ O L - h . 3

services,

L.C.

f o l d r i - :~ng a v;?-ri:

t o S:rdi.:y,

n o t

for

L'.

~ . e

sci7:lccs t3 ::hr?l:

;

ad.-^-.,.^-.< 12 hi-s s,-ccn,-:.

recc.rC c)? 11: t;.rvle;:.

Tkcrc seer.s c- h:.vc

Lc:..

'-I~,Tz

- -

n i s c z i ? r s :x.dlr,;

C ~ ~ ~ L T X

.L 12:

i?~:i~-:ey z z ts 3urtl.c.. '

sdnl-.c:o:

thzt b.-. K=.: t o L: ;.,?I,.: $1. ,CO!? .

I:!

t h

couzr.c	cf p z s s l n g ser.t-n:,2,	t!le	lizar:1,:-l ;;..-.':seeing -jl;:lq?
32.11:

"I am

t o l d ,

and f o r t h e purpose o f

s en tonc lng

you, I ~111

a c c e p t

t h l s ,

t h a t

i n a d e i t l o n

t o

t h e f r e e t r l p t o Bangkok

you

a n t i c l p a k d

r e c e l p t of

$1000 o r t h e r e a b o u t s .

This

may

o r

may

n o t be

t r u e ,

b u t

it does

n o t m a t t e r muoh.

a c c e p t your

c o u n s e l ' s

subibmlsslons

t h a t ycu

a r e

s m e l l

f r y

i n t h e

g e n e r a l

o r g a n l c a t i o n ,

t h a t your m a n r o l e was

t o a s s l s t i n t h e

f u e l l l n g process

and t o keep T a l t com?any."

When

a p l e a of

g u l l t y a v c i d s t h e necL;slry

f c r a

t r i a l ,

it i s no d o h t cc!.vcnle:?t

f o r t h e f a c t s r~le-'-ai.t

t o

s e n t e n c e

t o be

s t a t e d from

t h c b a r

t a b l e

t o t h e c x t e c t t o

whlch

t h o s e

f a c t s a r e agzeL?d c r , n o t b c x g rsasoi:?ul;

c;zr

t o c 3 a l l e n g e ,

a r e u -cha l l s rczd .

B.L?

l f one o? tk:

p - r t l c s

r u l c c o f

ev rdenzs

can $ 2

wzi -~ad

1 5 t h e ? rcof

t z n d s r z d

s u f f l c l e n t l y

ccger- t , bL?:

f l n e l c g cn

t k ? r*levz!::

mzt te r

c:::??::

t h e b a r t e k l e i f t h ? t r u t h cf t k t ascsi -c l32 IS

n3c

acc~::Ls-'

C11.2

o t l l e i p z r t y .

( c f . Lcvelzc!:

( I r J i Z :

l ? >LX 3 2 1 e k

pp. 332-333;

P : ~ P . c !

[ 1 3 7 i ]

V.R.759

p . 7 6 2 ) .

15 C ' i l ~

c a s e ,

hr,:;*ver,

r.s e-v;denc?-

w z s c a l l e c t-J

r ?sc lv .z tile

c l .? l I>

> - - "

~,"C<

Even

s o ,

T a i t ' s

o:r'n

c a n f e s s l o n s h a m t h a t

h i s p a r t i c l p a t ~ o n

I n t h e c r l x e was

o f

c r u c l a l

importance.

H e was

i nvo lved

12 t h e s ,~:~ggl.~?;j

c f

cannabis

v a s t

s c a l e .

R e p lanned

and

a r r a n g s d

t h e f l i g h t l n t o A u c t r a l l a by

~.gkich

t h e car.n(?Sis t72s

importer?.

T a l t den ied t h a t h

p a r t ci:ten&d

k s y o n l

t r a n s p o r t s t x o n ,

and

a t t r i b n t e d t h e o.:er-all

e n t r e p r e a e u r l a i r c l c t o c t h e r s .

The

chacgc

a;:

~ i s t

h?:?.,

howevzr, w a s i m p - t ~ ? 5

n?rc:-';lc

cccds.

11:

CC:-T.~SSL,?I.

o f t h z t crl.-5,

he \:?S

t h e pr~r-:~-,zl. cI:z..?sr.

T...;

d	.	o	t h e ,:rcrafk	In'--	cc?~ . rn l - l s?	al1:sp	*z . z .2*	arou;ll
- - -

Car,'xi? aar,.'	t i .2 ai_.-c..;t c? t'l:	:	-	.	L	-	'	!;~-;,-:.l	:c	? l z z r	...'-. *d;.*
> . - - -

t h e c r l + i c ? l aC-c:;i

s 9 7 ~ r c

J. cc:-.: -c-.;: :

>L' C:

c:.-,

...-.

:::

circt,nscL*;ces ~;':llc:1 un2;c;

Cki. ?La:.

c f c - I ~ : s - ~ -

L _ _ _ . - L _ . _

L F. 1~ '-

iinportlrl? a £211 ir:cc! cf ha?('- -,

.-..

st:c:<::

1ri:z

k::2

1 ~ y : l c : ~

pat ro?- leZ arezs

nor.;h~r,l A ; ; . t r z l ~ z .

T:-.c

~ n - j ~ ~ \ - ~ ~

d i s r z 5 s i ;

sly

I .=- - -

. - Q - \ *

-ad-

-.--.

- - -

proccduras

i n a n a t t e r i p t

t o ?-:=l<

d e z ~ c i l c - a

;

d e f i a ~ i s e

0 2 t k e d,>fe:-.ce £o:cs:

L . L L .

- - L

. - l . p U

h .

- .

t h e lr?ort:n,;

a l r c r e z t 7:as

di:2~:2(:.

T:?2

c: :sz~ikl=n air

a trim

t>ls 1:.2'1;rr:tudhe

~ e : i c ~ r e d

f 2 T.~::ICC, pli.ln:a,y,

ancl

t h e

o r t ~ ? . : - ~ i z ~ t

L O : ~ O E 2 C>,?:::

cf zr;:~

j:':iC~-.

---

, ,d i l sy~z ' i t l a n

l n t c Acc t ra! 12

2.13

tc.: l:u,:,

~ ~ 1 - : i i l ~ .

t h l s c c u n t r y .

It w?.s

a C C , ~ I ~ ~ S : :

1:1522.?? :AG:,~I z?LZ? :l?-?.

The mere r e c i t a l of

t h e essential

f a c t s makes

i t

c l e a r t h a t T a i t ' s o f f ence ,

a t t h e

l e a s t ,

approached

t h e wors-c

class

o f

o f f ence a g a l n s t

t h e r e l e v a n t p r ~ \ ~ , s ~ c c s

t h e Act .

I t needed

nc s u b n l s s ~ o n

from t h e Crotin

t o make

c l e a r t h a t t h e c i r c ~ m s t a n c c s

o f

t h e

o f f e n c a

were

such

a s t o r e q u l r e t k a t cor . s ldera t lon

g lven

t o

t h e l rnpos i t l cn

o f

t h e rnaxlri.an

sen:?cce.

The

r.a:-:murn p e ~ l a l t y

pr.-s:r:'-?d

fs.:

t h e of:=r.cs

o f whlc? t h e dezc.?&2ncs ::;re

C~Z;-;Z;:?

I ;

a fir.?

exczeclil~*;

$403:

o r 1m;riss~il~er. t for a p;-rlod n n z ~ ~ c - 2 2

L_I j

? -

1 0 y e a r s ,

cr 53.:-i

(Cus tor~r Act

l::!,

S . 2

( 2 )

, ,

anendcc by t::e

C>lz;clrc l--.::mfi:

78'':

S-:

1 5 7 7 ,

S . I-?)

P : : i ~ r

t c th.2

l 3 7 7

a ? . ~

r?2rent ,

k!?zs

7 . 1 : ~ ~ tL:>

z -.:1rc3:.,;

: : ~ x F . ;

,L:

respec:

OF t h e i l l e g a l 1 - ~ ~ c c t z z ~ c ?

o f ar.y n .xcct ;c

cc-.<;,

t h e r e b e i n g no c?:s:~rct;on

bitwee:..

cr..r.a>is

en-l cti-..-r

n a r c o t i c

goods

( S . 2 3 5 (l)

( c ) pr1GL- t3 t i ie ai-i,-lCi.-.~:t!

h'k?!:

t h e ar.enc?lng Act car.:

13;o

f c r c e on 10 Kove?lker 15 77,

neTi p e n a l t y

p r o v i s l c n

:;as

scbsu.tute.'

f o z

S . 235 (l!

( c ) .

The

rns:<ir.cn p e n a l t y

l n r c s a z c t o'

t h e l l l c g a l im>or iz l ~ r .

o f

n z r c o t i c 92023 o t h e r L t ~ n

c*n: i?h~s tias 1nc:easeJ

ts fi

f l n e 53:

e;:cr?d;r,~ $130,003 o r lrn;rlsonr.-.~::.

f o r a

per ic . l

p r e s c r i b z d i n r c s p c c t of

Lhc

i>;:o-':-.

-.?

sn of

cz;;r.:51.2

sbovn

t h e

~~~,~xl . ; l l ln

P ~ ~ T : ~ C ) I ! S ~ : J

~rc::cr:.'>?<

rcs~kr+ ' : C C

thll

importation

o f

n s r c o t l c goods

o t h e r

t h a n

c a ~ n a b i s

from

t h e

c l a s s o f

o f f e n c e s

f o r which

t h e o l d maximum

i s

a p p l i c a b l e .

T h ~ s

amendmect

e f f e c t i v e l y increased

t h e range

s e n t e n c e s w h ~ c h

t h e c o u r t s would

lmpose

i n r e s p e z t of

t h e

l l l e g a l i m p o r t a t i o n o f

cannabis .

The

cornnon

maximum

p e n a l t y r e p e a l e d by

t h e 1977 a r e n h e n t may

have

been

r e s e r v e d

f o r c a s e s cf

impor t a t i on

h e r o l n

o t h e r d r u p

o f

d e r h - u c t i v e n a t u r e t han cannabis.

Although

i n

Req.

P e z l ( 1 9 7 1 ) 1 X.S.W.L.R.247

a t pp.255,257,

it wzs

s a ~ d

t h a t

t h e C o u r t ' s

a t t l

t u c k t o sen tsnc i f iq

un2er

S . 235 (1:

!c)

wes	nok t o ? i s t l n g ~ l s h	b e t r ~ c z n cannabls	2nd	ct!>.?x	d r u ~ s	sc-h
- -

as desccsi-?!line

ar-a h e r c l n ,

t h e t a t t l : ~ ? z wcs nc;

con<rli-;r

a c c e g t z 5

( c f .

Pierze::

[ L 1 7 1 1 V.2.6.:;

aE p.651;

- - \

R .	v.	Jc-;:<:cc	l	? G	r.T . R . 112 e c , - L ? . l ; 2 , ~ ~ : l , .	i.5	t: 2
p-

F u l l Cou-=

c f t h e Suprc:ne

C s ~ r : - c.:

:Lds~::%::.?.

s a l ! i n

J e c k s c c ' s

c:-e:

" . . . a

c o ~ r : fzced v::t,~

t5.e

r -nr -

., -

p e n a l t i 2 s ;?h:cil

this

Act

p r ~ y : ~ l l ? s

CZ-I

c ~ r t d l c l y

I?:,,

2s~'drr:

t h a t

a l l 5r-ccs

r c r e r r e r !

t o a-rs

e.;uall;

h 2 r r : f ~ l l " .

Th:;

C s z r t r .

- .

h e l d th:k

t r a f 2c::ing

i n lcss !;arcL'~l Ltucs w;.s

"c<;i:-ecz~!:~::.;

l e s s

s e r i o L l s W

t h a n

trafjr'zc%l;rc; i n ot!:cr

dru<;z L::

c g n t r ~

1 c ~ : ~ c r .

of S . 23:a

t h z C~st-.cr.s Ac:

Althc :'2'i1 a l e 1 9 7 7 a!'-??:l.:.:

.l+:

---L

increas t -d t h e rar.ze o f i;t?nalt:os

wh~z?. ~ l ~ l i ' c

be irr.;ssc-?,

c:??

cr l -cu?~skznccs

o f

each

c a s e .

Case

f ? l l ~ . ? g

W.' t h n t h e rcl,:-, ??lt

i)i3il~:-,iL1o:l.

T!:t7

sen tences imposed (see R.

v. McYahon

(1978) 1 9 ALX 4 4 8 ) .

T h e

p r e s c r i b i n z of

maslxLn

p e n a l t y

i n r e s p e c t

o f

ar.

o f f e n c e n o t on ly marks

t h e l i m i t s o f

t h e c o u r t ' s

d i s c r e t i o n a r y

power

a s

t o s en t ence ,

i t

a l s o o r d l n a r l l y

p r e s c r i b e s

what

t h e pena l ty

should b e

i n t h z wors t

type

o f

c a s e which

f a l l s w l t h i n

t h e

re?-evazc c l a s s

o f f e n c a .

I n Reynolds

\v'll:k.-nson

( 1 9 4 5 )

51 TT.A.L.R.17

a t 7 . 1 2

D.qrer C . J .

saici:

" I t r s y 5 e szlc? t;:zt

it : S

t h a ;?liry

-;h-

l a v t h z ~

t i l s

E>::::-,a

a r e

1 n t k n f ~ - 2

f a r c.12

w c r s k c~zsn; O:

t > e s c r :

3 l d t::?t

f - z s .

- -

or;azeezs

s ~ J T - I ~ ? ,

l n tl-,e abrexz-: of sgeci::

mai l g ? e ; ; r y ,

D.=

t r e , ~ . ; ~ c

y . : t , i

~ ~ r 2 - l

C l . 2 ~ -

2.17

thal:

c - 1 e r s .

ZII?I

hc-

?.r t n e pv.-? ::-..-.X :

shc--;i

rzc::.-

f.:,.-.

t1.2 7,:. : - . - I>:

1.:

2 r . r

partic;:;-r

cl;>

1 s 2 n z t t s r 5r::

+-!-c. & r ~ r : ~

2:-.

of t:iz trLL.?::.

Ai.

tr7-21 2:-c:

2 7.;~L: L L . ~ ? ~ ?

. c -.

i s l

- l

S.:?

SZ!72

sI??::2'-

c 2 c . ,:,?t:.c!l

hL-,*? r,>t e:,:~:'!;

::-,LA

P -

CG-?~,?!::

e r c!:zrL. :=r:

S -l.-:,

~ i - i 2

GLZ~:>:E . 5 ~1:s

2:f

Lsl- ~n t?.~?'

,:el-;CS.

because a ...: o r s e cat: c ~ u l d

be i;nagln?c',.

Tnat p~,::,.:s-t~r,:~

WES,

i n o u r vl=-.r col----

A = ~ - l g ,

r e j e c z o d

t h e

C c 3 i r ;

The Qusen (ui:=e;.~r:,:J,

3 :::y

1073; , a casc o f her*^:.?

i r ; ~ l o r t a t i o n

zor.t*-:~.->n--

L\Ail

~ . 2 3 3 Z i L ,

[,-?> C: L

The submission,

I t h l n k , i s based upon a

f a l s e premise .

naxlnurn

s e n t e n c e p r e s c r l c e d

s t a t u t e i s n o t

r c s c r v e d

f o r t h e w c r s t

o f f e n c e o f

t h e k ind

d e a l t w l t h by

i t t h a t can

be imagined.

I f such were t h e c a s e it would

n e v e r

imposed

t h e a d d i t l o n o f

f u r t h e r

non

e x l s t l n g bu taaggrava t lng

c l rc1n .s tancss

would

never be

beyocd

t h e r e a c h o f

imac ln-c lcn .

The t r u e r u l e as

un2erstar .2

l t 1s t h a t t ! ~ e

maximun

s e c t e n c e

should

r e s e r v e d

f o r t h e

w o r s t

t y p e

o f

c a s e

falling

within

the!

p r o n ~ b l - r l a n

o r ,

a s i t i s expressed by

Duyer C . J .

I n I<+~:?olds v.

Wl lk ins=n , (19.18)	51 W.A.L.R.17	a t p . 1 8 ,	' f o r th2
-p---

w o r s i cases of

t h e s o r t ' .

Tha t c.:presslc:l

s.:oic12

b e anders tood t o be ::,:r?lng

c u t a r a n q e a1.i

---

L L C ?

may

!~ l t :? ln

i c n c t r : i t : : s 4 : : - ,

C.!?

fezt

t h a t i t coclr2 have b e e r t;ors> t:;rra

i t vzt;.

t y p e .

approaci~r,_i

th? rcs= serl.;~?: ty?-. o f c r i s e t c \;:?ic:l

t!-,e ~2::-.!K:?

t o Ync

d c l e k e r i o u s

e f f e c t s

o f

C ~ Z Z Z S L S .

T2.c

r ,?:-~,-znt V - ~ , I

I n t h a t

r e g a r d

i s

t h c t ~ i h i c h

ha5 Lee;;

e ;<r1-~sse3 .

5;. t.:%

s e r j c ~ i s r : e s s Q,'

t k s c:c:12~ct 5 5 7

\;?::c11

t h e

l,::> e s

C. ."- - -=-

....

- 3 . Y .

1;:

t h e s t a t u t e h

been

v lo i a>c2 .

There

zrc

~I-ZLL?C. ; f o r

cor.ci~.:,:?-;

th;:

' ;?L?

IIZL-JYF.

defendant had

t h u s

f a r c a r r l e d o u t ;

t h e r e was

e l emen t

v i o l e n c e

o r corruption

n a r c o t i c s

a g e n t s .

There

i s

f i n d i n g t h a t T a i t w a s

n o t

t h e

instigator

nor

m a s t e r m x d

t h e i m p o r t a t i o n .

These

c o n e i d 2 r a t l z n s

t e n d

t o

s u p p o r t

conclusion

t h a t ,

even

i n T a t ' s c a s e ,

t h e c i r c u x s t a n c e s

do n o t r e q u l r e

t h e imposition

t h e maxlmux

s e n t e n c e .

B a r t i e y

i s c l e a r l y

i n a

l e s s e r

c a t e ~ o r y .

t h e o t h e r hand,

t h e d e t e r r a n t

Z s s e c t

o f

~ c n ~ o h a ? n t

i s o f pr lmary

irn2orkance i n ca ses o f t h i s krl'5.

The

sezyenc:?

shou ld ? e ~ o n s t r z t e

t o o'chers

ternstes t o eniJzcje

i n ~ ~ . : C S C P . E S Z

on a v a s t s c a l s t h e t t i e pcr.~shi;;enk ts 52 ~r,c;?;

;<;:l

123

c a l c u l a t - 2

t o pro<-zz

s o c ~ e Z y

frc;r;

+;:-IS

C d l l L c r ~ : ?

a L t ~ c ! r

made upor? lt.

P?lle:?

zr. or:e-li:,-2,

c<,stL2- azC co!~:::.::

G:?C ,? :~

i s contsi.1~latec7,, che r i s k cf a; ?r.:!-t-.~s:r~a

&;.C

t::? sc-;-cr;t~

o f punis;~..c-nt 1s e-ra1szl;e-l; a23 tk.;s

-,:-;c:e cl-. '-a ,,

r.c oc: ?.r

c l a s s o f

c z s c

l c w!lich

t h e ? - . t e r r snc

e f f s - t

3.2n_s-::~i.1:_

can more ccnf~Ll.;r.:ly

be i.ssc.eL t - 2 07-ia-:e.

TF.cse

i:o

d e l ~ b s r a k z l y

cIlcz;s

t o r3.l

t h e risk

o_' ~ u r : ; 52:

--:]L

i n oi ::.r

t o a c q u i r 2 a

p r o r i t f r o x t h s vsntnrc

cacno t p s l r t ts

m i t l s a t i n , -

c l rc~Ts ' ; a r , ccs o f

t k?

s o r t ..:h;ch

s:ar?

:,'c52 C I : ~ ? . ? ~ :

offer.?cr- i n good s t e a d .

Ths exkent ts :?hlch a ssr.t?il<;.

r ecedss fro^ t h e rr.axinun: i n c2sc.s oE t h ~ s

k i s d i s l i . ~ i t r

t h e n e c l s s l t y t o irncosc scr,:..;~lccz

of ur.ei:i:~~~cc~.l

sa:7?:~?:7

ac,

t h z r c s t e f f ~ c l ? n t

n22!:3

~ ~ ~ i i ~ t ' > l _ ; l

c2 t h ? r-?il::is

tij

enfol-cc t k e rele-z.=n'i p r o h l : ~ ~ t ~ o n .

C - i r at+.e:~"isr.

::L-

rllrccc--C

t o a n c ~ b d r

u;:rc;;orted

d c c ~ s i - ~ n ,

P . u r ; - ~ - , - . l i . z ~

c s u t - t q

w!liz!l

e>.pr,..;sec?

o r ayp1ie , l t:i:s

ap i~roach

:r:~e;l ~?~?11_!:

l:llt.':

drug trafficking on a l a r g e s c a l e .

I t i s a sound approach.

I n o u r n e w ,

t h e l e a r n e d sen tenc1 .n~

judge

c o u l d n o t hzve

g iven t h e deterrent

a s p e c t of

T z l t ' s ser:ter,ce

t h e w5ic;ht

whlch was

r e q u l r e d by

t h e n a t u r e of

t h e c r l n e and h l s

p a r t i c i p a t i o n

i n i t ,

f o r t h e s e

c l r c u n s t a n c e s

l e a d

t o a

s e n t e n c e

w h ~ c h

must appro-ci-, c1oscl:r

to t h e inz::l!'?uT.

The

s e n t e n c e whlch

i r p o s e e should

c o t be

a i l ~ w c d

Lo S:-.-.a:?2,

an2 i t b e c o r z s

t h e d ~ t y

@ E this

C c z t t o 1-.-10~3 t h e

ap?rsprle:c

s c a t ? c c e .

C O - ~ s l d e z a i l o n

r-,nsz

h l s o tc

c lven ts

t h e f i : :~? ; of

a non-paro le p r r l o d .

Tte du",,

t o s ~ 2 c ~ f y

r i m - p r o l e ~ c i l 0 2

S - ,

1s ir.;osed

t he :S":

c,'-r-ira';lrz c_' 3.4

L, ( 2 ; cC tk.2

Cord:on;~ealt!i F1 :a=??:?

F.,-?- i 9 6 7 3r.l s . 4 0:

t5.3 P? 1 2

-W-.---

-- -

P r l s o . ' e ~ s 0:t7.r-i..:lc2

1376

(U.T.)

. KO ds1.5L a,: C>;CCL c:

i-:rf;:-

- --.-p

i s

t c a j 2 111

t:l= rs:~ah'l~t?.t-loi-, C C

p r i z t z - v r ~ -

(I;..

- v. Cur-e-l

[ l 9 7 5 1 V . R. 6 4 7 ) , b u t <;?,cr.

t:le

of.iz:~cs 12.-01-

V * =

dr-27

t r a f f i c? . l ng ,

r ~ h a b i l ~ z a ~ z c n

all: t b 2 bilc!?ced aqsi.?s L

need t o pr3v;'.?s	a c l e a r ?~':eric:.t (R.	-	v.	Elro?;~ (1377) 15 A;?
--p

E8 a t p . 9 l ) .

T ~ I : ~ : I

t i le coci-t 13 no-; t o z;:,?nr,

eit .3:

t I ? : t

r e l c z : . ~ f rcm c.~,;toc?y a t t h z e:rF=.,-l--?.a.; c:

2 ncn-;ar-lz

peric.?.

a p r l s o c c r ' s r l g h t , o r t h ~ t

t::~

p a r c l c c.:tils::t;zs

w ~ l i

o r c i ~ q a r ~ l y

gzcr.'_ p z r ~ l s

z t ti:-.,-..;

tlr? ( P .

- v. P

[13il]

---

. .

V . R . 6 5 6 )

, t!;? n c q - ~ a r c l e p r i o i . ::.S:

cl;::.

t c ~

p:,:v-,,:

C - .,

ce1131g2 pun:sr.:-:;nt.

Ir. ? ~ . , , ~ z r

V. ~ : ,e CI.::.?~,

(l>,

13:

C.l . .R.

613 a t p . 6 2 7 ,

L<?r~,:~c'-:

C..?. ?>;l

1 -.n .l;:~,

S t > ~ ! ~ z n

i.!asa:l LT,'

"The

judge,

i n f i x l n g a non-parole

p e r l o d ,

mast,

w e b e l l e v e ,

have

r e g a r d

n o t

t o t h e t lme wl-hln

whlch

t h e p a r o l l n g

authority

m c s t c o n s l l e r t!le

p r i s o n e r ' s

c a s e b u t

t o t h e t une

f o r which

t h e

p r l s c n e r must

remaln

i n confinement.

The

l e g l s l a t d r e

l a c l e a r t e r n s . . .provided

thal;

tlls

t r i a l

judge

should d e t e r x l n e

t h a t n l n l ~ ; . 1 ~

F e r l c d

f o r which l n h ~ s

j u d c a r n t ,

a ccg rd lng

t o acce? t sd

p r l n c l p l e s

sentencing,

t h e p r l s o c o r

s : ~ o c l d be

l rnpriscned ..."

" I n a t r k e s ense t h e con-par912

per'cd

i s 1 !nanl?.;r

p e r l o d o f lnipri.son;,>:?t

t o be se rc2d beta-sc t:,

. -

sentz:c:r?T

>ccr,e cciaic: trz

t n z t t!ie

cc::

2 cs-:::tz-

c d l l s f a r skch ds:::-.:;cl?.

NG:

do wc c.:3.r7rst:?J

!?C.? l t i s szi6 r,;,.; t;e

f l :<lng o ? a n'.?-sar?:,=

~ - - r l c Z

1s no.: c;n::--!:?<

- -

V l t L l c,.;zr-rr.c

t:;cr

t , . L

r r - -

--,- -- 7 -

-1.. -

yL--

c: cL:h:.:,7

fycy1 s.-?.zo. s.:z7:- t:,: r2<.L:lrei,,5:t 5-G.

g : - ,

c. c:

S!!..: S;;%:.:

15 :>::-rly.e-,;:;.-,

f z r S? , - *

?%:L:.;,:

3: - ,

;

J 11.c<=

t o b.2 E?; c>,-, :

2::

1::

L L L 2 ; L22al::

::,(:Lc

o ~ f r c i t ?

~ 2 : s ,;

i _ = k 2 r l r . =

t,:21.

t o aL:.j

= I :

' - - - - -

- 8 - "'

g a k s t a be C.?C~-I~?,:

z,:;,~:='-

G.;

S->.:

a s t~.:? > -. - - :l , .

..L,

t h a t

1.5,

!-Le2

t h o

pzlrcl ! 2 ;

au~. l - ' - -~ ' -y

- 1125

ccr.sl.l== w::e;bir

t;:; se:-.Lcr.:2

s!;c.ulc: t :

5 1 - ;,:,f

111

Ts ti:e

e.:z;-.;

t c wk,1cll r:,?:~rrcnc?

a n c 'ojecc of

1--,?;sox::?,

the:]

-..

L .%L<!?2 ,

- -

a ~ h i . ? ~ .

o f rzlc;-a;? fcr a 1'3.1~j2r tl:..?,

r?-:.;2:

t:12:-

a s i r

, 1 , - h

? t.lrt c b ? ? ~ ~ i ~

S . "

The f ~ c t s

o f

T a l t ' s

case,

c o c s i < ? r e 5 lr.

t 5 e

1~5jY.k o f

t l i~ ; ?

Parole o f P r i s 5 n e r s O:?~l-,a?r?

1 9 7 i , which pzcvi2zs

t11::t

th2

dut-7 t o fl:: a ncn->ara!e ><.-.-L.::

c72:s ncl; ;;-,?ly

"??tt;: col:::

t h e 1e-lrr .d

s ~ ? t - . n ~ ? n y

]u:,-.c

t l ; - l -

- -

?zr . -~ : , i -c l -~-

x ~ 7 - r ; : S ~ s ~ i - 3

of t h e view t h a t t h e flx1r.g o f a non-parole

per103

was

war ran ted .

Those

f a c t o r s have,

howeve:,

l e d us

t o

g i v e

w e i j h t

t o t h e p r o s p e c t

o f

T a i t ' s

r e h a b i l i t a k l o n ,

and

t o f l x a

non-parole

p e r l o d acco rd inc ly .

The

a p p r o p r i a t e

s e n t e n c e ,

a f t e r

t a k i n g

l n t o

a c c o c z t

t h 2

t i m e t h a t T e i t s p e n t Ln

cus toey be fo re beF:-.s

ser . tzncdd,

i s a tsm of 111~r~sonrnen t

f o r 8 ye-L'S al!d 8 r.o:lt:ls, 2x6

non-parole

p ~ r i o c ?

o f

4 y e a r s

~ r . 2

1 - . 0 1 7 ~ 1 , ~ s ; > r ~ ~ :

f l x e d .

B e r ~ l e y

strL-.ds 12 a dlf

fmzrr3:?t ;)cs:~.:T,c.

HI;

~ a r t i c ~ p ; . l ; i c n

:<?S 0' 3 nu,-:?

lo . - - r srte;

.X.<

t::~; s:l.:cl-(l

he re::sc?~3

by L?- S?:IX:~CC

1r:;z::i

(?2.:1

7 , . 2.- (l>,

:j:

7 Ai3 5 2 ; ; .

H r s L ~ L U - ~

G C

r c i ?

:L.::.;-

Ies-. ~ 1 , ~ ! ~ ? 3

.??c:

t han T a ~ t ' s ,

an2 i c h1.i aTe, h2 c : 2-13 h.2 9.. ;sn

y e t

anot!:ez

c)pzL-::il:::~

t o SCZII

a l ; l - :-25iZ~:-: ,

~12:?

:T.

~ " z i e t l .

E a r t l e y ' s

cas,?

1 s

~1;~~rif ic: : ' i ly d..?--

. ,Li?~13;

fl-c;- T a l L L ' S

c a s e .

Th,:

coma.! fearrure i s , of c o z r s z , t!la:

t h s c:r,d~c;l

o f

eaz;

cor.- ,cl~ute3. p a r t i c l p a t j c n :P

:ha

s x - 2

crlr;,e.

I t

was

zrcc-cl

t h a t E a r t l e y ' S

;)art; z ~ s a f ~ c r .

t h e

c r l r . e ,

t11011gk O T

l c s s slg: i~fi . ; .ance t:lrn

T L ~ = ' s , s ; ' c L I I

1 3 ~

::l-"s-:cd

w i t h cr,i;,;arable

c o t eq;:l!

s r v c r l t y .

Rell;-.s!:~

;.LZ

>lzzc:l

on -

R. v . K?.'-s:r;:

an.? Or:->:r:

[ l5641 3 P-1'.

T'R 2 7 :

( th:

9i.cZt

t r z i r . rc>:>,-z:r

c,:.:~)

i,.-.?.c:~ 1 ; ~ s s z l C CO e::p:c

:;S

S -:-<2:1.;:!:

~ r l l : c 1 ~ 1 2

r c l z . t l~? r j

t o val:y1A-.9 ?cq;:.zs

G,'

pzrJ-'.c1p? -'c?

~ i ?

massi;..- c r

I rnr

a1-d

requirln!;

t!:c

1 ~ ; ~ o . ; i t l c ~ , i

of \c;-y

12 - Z Y I ~

s e n t e n c e s .

The

c a s e

a g a i n s t B a r t l e y

was

n o t

s o p r e s e n t e d

b e f o r e

t h e

l e a r n e d

s e n t e n c i n g

judge,

and,

f o r t h e

r e a s c n s

e a r h e r s t a t e d ,

n o t

propose

t o e x a a l n e t h e

s u b i n ~ t t s d

p r i n c i p l e

o r t o interfere

wlth

t h e s e n t e z c e

i n ~ ~ o s e d

upcn

B a r t l e y on	t h e grounds	t h a t i t shou lz have been	a p p l l e d
t o hzn.

The

c a s e p r e s e ~ f e z

a g a i n s t

B a r t l s y

c c z t a l c l y

showed

d z s r e e o f

involv~; -22%

w h ~ c h

;

w e l l

h-.-2

r c s u l t c d

1;:

aTre

s e r i o u s

~ . ~ n l s h r n c ? t

t.:?:~

h i s 22:-.scr

Z.::-CS~:,

f o r prc-;LOGS 5003 c~rc? , ;c t ~ l ~ , ~ z s

n J iri:-~?12:/

*.:z:;

sc7;c:-

p u ~ i s h r

-.nt i n ca55c o f th;s

l -? r~2 . -. s sc"'=-

U i

,.c

... C?

. i Zq

.,	7 . .C'

ccr=?! :-,l:,

1t "'-2

1~ ; ' o ; er.3 c f t!-.-. r:-7:.

:lc\.i.'~.-l-, :.-.

aclclz r.ii? s.lbin:ir?2 sz,-.ts:?clr

L $ pZ:l-2

~ 1 2 ,

t>..2

S,di.Zy.*.':~..

i k s c l f d r e s cc::

c2n;feet

=o o c r s a t - s f s c t : a >

th27:

i : i ~

Bocguz's Z--scrc+.lol ~ 2 5

a fLec te3 b:

err-or i:l 22:"1

C 2 2 , J

( c f .	>::rI-.~l	V.	B!-o:!n	(1 '177) 17 P.i?.	6 2 3 a t ' p . E 2 + '	.	i;e
--

woul l ?:.c!ni~s t!le

a 2 ~ n c l

L A 111s

c.351.

Cur conzlusror? a;

t o tk,e z,j::rc:rl-;,c

~c:.'~2:-.?e

and a s t o t h e f l x ~ n g

o f

n sc -p r ru l e

~ - 2 r l c 2

i n Ttit's cc 2

wzs,

2s w e have.

l nd~c5 t . - r l , a f f e c t e d 1.:

pzrt i'y

t:.?

~nfc:.t:klcn

furn;s:'le2

t o us ~ 7 . ~ 1

t o

::Ie

l;.zrn.-5

E ~ ~ Z C I I C : ~ . ;

]uc?cje i n conf:A-.r::e.

To d2ny t h e --';l:c

kr.-..l?5??

c E ~ n :

p z r t C C

tile

p i -~c?eLl?~;s

c? a c0ur.r. is 2 rrc>.:1;-,r

o i gZLZ--~t;.,

espcc-.zll:/ v,i?::r.; t l~?

C G L ~ Z L 1s

e::s~c::-:;j

c:~mi:;~l

j ~ c i s 2

c t19o .

I t i s c!es:r?:lf

t?,.it !

rr,..;+

so-:.:

~ ? < S Z C . " I ~

t o tilz d l f f i c j l t p-oczd-cj l

qu~s t10 : : s !::il:;;

2rLS2 'W'"?::

a n app!.

'at

l r )n 1s mz5e

t h - t

a c c , . r t 5 it. I ,:

c2x:ra.

I n o r d e r t h a t a c o u r t may

accede t o an

application

t h a z it s i t i n canc ra ,

i t must

appea r

e i t h e r t h a t

t h e r e

i s

s t a t u t o r y p r o v l s i c n

which

e n a b l e s

i t t o do

s o ,

o r t h a t t h e c a s e

f z l l s wlt l?lr .

one

t h e

" s t r i c t l y d e f i n e d excep t ions"

( a s Lord

Blznesburgh

2esc r ibeZ

t h e x 1 1 1 ?!c?nerson

C : C ? ! ~ ~ L S G ~

[ l9361 A.C.177

a t p.200)

t o t h e r u l e t h a t t h e pxsce?di?;s

o f

c o u r t s

o f

l u s t i c e s : lo~lc? t-. cczcicctscj.

"p~!;!;l:f::~r

an2

i::

open vie'r"

( S c o t t v.

S c o t r

[ L9131 A . C . 4 i 7

+t p.4 :L;.

Apart

f r c z s t r ? t u t ~ ,

courc 1':s

r.c

d i s : * r ~ k i < n

L:; tm:

Dlckas9r.

(19i.3) 17 C.L.3.50

6 : p.51 P z r - c n A.(:. j., s:->?!<:.-.:

wltil t h a cc:-,curz~r.cc cf t h e c;;i ,~z :Lsi-.:ze.;

t;! 2 ;?:~!h

Cour t ,

s a l d :

"The r:l;ter

a;,yr,rs

t o Le c~:?zluL:

by t.?;

;~-T<#;--E .t;

t h e i c z d s 111 S C O Z ~

V. Sc13zt l

, ::l=

e f f e c t o f

w h ~ c h

1 s

t , i~:

tnerc 1s cc, l!::-Lcl.?>= 2c;;:r

i n a Cour t o f j u s t l c c

ro e.:c;uCo

t'-.-.

F';';!

L :,

lnasmuch

as o . 1 ~

of t h 2 ror,z-.i cLt::k>,ltcs

c? a

Cour t

i s

p u 5 1 1 c l t A ~ ,

t :>zt l s , t!ic

a&rilzslcr . C?

?-!l2

p u b l l c

t o a t t e r d c-le F::Z:.E?~;R.-J;.

F'zc;cr

z,>

e:tcluc'.e nzir be cox;-.rr-r'.

e::-z?ss:y

by li.', 5 u t

t h e r e i s no 1 ~ v '

whic?~

cr,:.m.,:rs

I??

.-,

Frccz

- s Z

o th?n? l ; e

t;:a

~ r l t : ~

t!;? orS:nacy

p~' l j l :

cc11::-

oL'

Cour t

l u z t l c e .

UDrc

x e c e r ~ t l y ,

i n P.uss-.I 1 v.

X-~:;.:ll

(107:)

1 ? J L - L . R . < ? ? ,

t h e 11: L

;

Ccui-c 1:rts

ngal!? a f f l rn~c?

~!.GC c,ic p::'~;--?

c c ? < ~ ~ ?

and a

p r c v l s l c n vjhicll \131i:d

have

rqi. l l :3c?

t ' . ~

SII:;:~:I'C. CC!':

i n c l o s e d c o u r t was

h e l d r n v a l l d .

Glb5s

J .

said

a t p.520:

i s t h e o r d l n a r y

r u l e of

t h c Supreme

Cour t ,

a s of

t h e o t h e r c o c r t s

o f

t h e n a t i o n ,

t h a t t h e i r

p roczedlngs s h a l l bc conducted 'publicly and l n

open n e w '

( S c c t t V.

Scoc t

[l9131 A.C.417,

a t p . 4 4 1 ) .

Th i s r u l e has

t n e v l r t n c

t n a t t h e proceedings

o f

evc ry c o u r t are

f u l l y exposed t o p s b l l s and

professional

s c r L t l n y ail?

cr;t--is:?,

wlthouk wh-ch

a b c ~ , s mey

f l o u r ~ s h

u n d e t e c t d .

Furt l l"r ,

the puL11c

adai .n lsr r a t l c c of

)us t l c c

t ends

t o n a i n t a l n

confidence

i n t h e i n t e g r l t g and

L.??=~CC.?~:CO

t k ?

court.; .

The

f a c t t h a t c o u r t s o S L ? ? arc- k.?ld

c;.,-.nly

and n o t l n s e c r e t i s a.1

a s s e r t ~ s l

a c 7 c c t o'

khnlr

c h z r a c t e r .

I t

d ? . s t ; c ~ ~ ~ . ; ! ? e s

tii~1: z r - t l ~ : - t ; e >

L . -

from those of afi-.'.nlsl;c?.r~"e c: l ;c~zls, L,.,>.

'~~.il:l-c~~ty

i s t h z a~ t : l r ; . z t l c h s ' i -~ ; c i :

:'-lc;-:~eL a;

eLs :

11?~3~-12':1y

t 2 S;:

12 c:c:j;:<

C C - . : ~ L;

r o z!L-:-i

n e t c r e c£ L?;

c?.;r:.

Of t ~ c r s e :-

- -=

er,3

.;.S :?L;

: s ! T , ~ J

e::cz:: t ~ ~ r . 3

t: L 12 c

I-: 1 zc l? t-.<:~

:-x:c~-.:

py-c-: :-

;

S.->., 1

:: - c - - - = -

.L-: L.? :

-=:L,.,

3 :,-l

t--<

~?:;2.r,.,~r:.

o f st..;.r? C . ,:-I

.. a

2--- cl,:.,:*-

'-5 bt-.?

-1

.A..

- > 3

C..,

. . l .

i..c :;,::c E2 - L-.

5 = 3;': ."'

.- -

* , UL

- - L.1- LL

_ - _ > _ . L

--.-.

7-., c rr.

& , - A

- 7 7 -

d ; . l l c ~ ~ ~ ~ ,

m7.y 1;: S=--? c,:.- = S ,?e =:.:L? ;:.c C-; cm:-

#',CC ;:

des~; - , i>7 ,3 :CL-

2 r2t---?:, 01- p;rc

of :L,

t*>

;

r e 1 2

L:.

clcs5.;

c c ~ . r t .

from t h e strist l :~

2eTjn:d

e::cei:'c:or.s,

u, ,2r i :=~zr .x;z . j

s a n c t l c n i s rzqu:..e?

for t h 5 F?: :C~~ISLOP-

t h e , - ~ l ' > l l c

L-

51: r .~

proceell.>;;aM (per SLe>>zz ,J.

, ~ . L T Z S ~

l l.

I-.

?2c; ' ;<- ' l , ECL2La, a=

---

- -

p.533) .

I n S c o t r v. Szc t?

;~!,rr.,

tile re.%.-,.

fc,:

=lie

1no2lfy 1;:

w s r

~ . l . ~ ~ i ~ ~ > . - t l - ; ~

T . : : L L - ~ S = <

L 7 - 2 CLl

'Publicity i s t h e very sou:

o f

j u s t i c e .

I t i s t h o

k e e n e s t

s s u r t o e x e r t i o n and

t h e

s u r c s t o f

a l l

gua rds a g a l n s t impiobi ty .

I t keeps

t h e ju2qe

h imse l f

whr l e

t r y l n g ur.der

t r i a l . '

'Tne

s c c u r l t g

S ~ C : ? Z L % L E S 1s

p u b l ~ ~ i t : ' .

Bsi a ~ c n g s t

historians

t h e grave

and

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vczC;ck of

Hallarn,

i n whlch he ran:cs

t h e p u h l ~ c l t y

j u d l c i a l procsed;ngs

even h ~ g h e r

t h a n

t h e rights

o f

P a r l ~ a m e n t

a s a

gua ran tee

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public

s e c u r l k y ,

i s n o t

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f o r g o t t e , ~ : ' C ~ v . ~ l

l l b e r t : ~ Ln

t h i s klncjdorn has two d l r z c t guarz?,:c-:S;

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"...I wish t o guard myself

a,;alnst

t h e F r o p o s l t ~ o n

t h a t a

judge

may

b r l n g a

ca se w i t h n t h e c a t e g o r y

e n f o r c e d

s e c r e c y because

t h l n k s

t l i a t

j u s t l c c

cannot be done u n l e s s i t is heard i n s e c r e t .

n c t deny

lt, because i t i s imposs ib le t o p rove what

cases mrght o r might n o t be brouqht w l ~ k n

t h a t

c a t e g o r y ,

b u t

shou ld

r e q x r e t o have

b r c u j h t

b e f o r e

t h e c o n c r e t e

ca se be fo re

cou ld

e s p r o s s

an o p l n l o n upon it.

Your Lordahlp has s a l 2 cha t s.

mere

d e s i r e t o consider

f e e l l n g s o f

delicacy

o r t o

exclude

f r o n p u b l l c h e ~ r l n q

d n k a i l s

w h i c h

w o u l d

n o t be

d e s i r a b l e t o pc51lsh

i s n o t ,

i n y r u z

L o i d ~ l ~ i p ' s

op in lon ,

enou$ll t;

provent a FL!LIC

hecfr lng, [:?i:c'1

must

l n s l s t e d on

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w ~ t t

t r c ru;u

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by	r l o t e r s	( R .	v.	Governor o f Lewes	P r l s o n ,	e x p a r t e Do-rle
-

[l9171

K.B.254)

o r t o p r o t e c t a

s e c r e t p r o c e s s v h l c h

the

s u b j z c t o f

t h c

l l t ~ g a t l c r . .

But

this

e x c c p t l o n

i s

narrow

one ,

ancZ

t h e s c q g e s t l o n o f

E a r l

Lore tuzn

I n S c o t t v.

S c o t t a t p.416

that

l t a l s o covers c a s e s where

r e a s c n o f

publicity

" p a r t l e s e : l t l t l e d

t o j c s t l c e wculd

rrasoca5::~

d e t e r r e d

f r o n

s e c k l n g it

a t t h e

h a z l s

o f

t i le

C ~ a u x t " Z1<

n o t f l n 5 acce7tLr.c:

t k c c t h 2 r Lor l s

( c f . Lcrd

Sh5.1.:

p.484) a:iG h2s ~ 2 t .	been f ~ l l c , ~ c d	S-r.co	(?A---- ( r~	-	*- . :=~-7 . : :*	-	P.	)
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15) .

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c o n t e x t of

t h e A c t makes

it c l e a r t h a t t h e

j u r l s d l c t l o n

i s

t o be

e x e r c i s e d

i n open

c o u r t .

S c c t l o n s

57 and 58 c e r t a l n powers

t h e E ~ ~ l d e n c e

Ordinance 1 9 2 9 T

c s n f e r

u2on

c o u r t t o e:ccluLe

pe r sons

from t h e

c o u r t o r

t o p r o h ~ 5 l t

p u b l l c c t i o n o f

evlriencr

o r o f

czms

o f

p a r t i e s

and w i t a e s s c s ,

bac

t k o s c

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I n

t h e p r e s e n t

c a s e ,

t h e

c o n f l d e n t l a l

i n fo rma t ion

was

c o ~ m u n i c a t e d

t o t h e judqe

n o t

I n c o u r t ,

but

i n chznbzrs .

Tiiat

p r o c e d c r e was

unders tandable

b u t

i r r e g ~ l a r . I*, was

uncle:-standable

hecause t h c jddcje

s o ~ g h c

way

o f

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t h e

c o r : f l d e n t i a l l t y

which

t h e

c l r c u i i s t a r c e s

sugqes t ed

were d s s i r a b l e .

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t h e p roceeu re ! . s s ~ r r e g ~ l a r ,

f o r t h e o d t o f c c 5 x t 3 r d l n h l s ~ri--a.:*

judge

r k c e i v c 3 r , a t e ~ l a l

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There must be freezcrn of

a c c e s s betvieen

cour.sel

and

judge.

Any

d i s c u s s i o n ,

hoxever ,

which

t342s

p l a c e s u s t be

be t -~een t h e

juSg?

and

b o t ! ~

c o u n s s l

f o r t h e cle,'ence

and

c o u r s e 1

f o r

t h e

p r o s e c u t l c n .

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s o l l c l t c r

r e g r e s e n t l n g

t h e ecc-sed

i s l n t h e c o n r t he

s h o a l < be

a l l o w ~ d

t o a t t e n d t h e discussion

l f he

s o d e s l r e s .

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f r e e d o s of

accesb

i s lrnportant beczL:se t h e r e n2y

be m a t t a r s

calling

f o r c o ~ a u n l ~ s t l o n

d l s c u z s i o c ,

whlch

a r e o f

snch 3

n J t c r e

t h e t c o u s s e l

c a n z c t

i n

t h e

l n t c r e n t s

h i s

c l l e : i t

r e n t i o , ~ t z ? ~

i n c,sn

- -

cour:;.

P u r e i y by

i izy of

exa'ple,

CD'J::EEL

L O C

tli:

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Details

AGLC: R v Tait [1979] FCA 32
Case: [1979] FCA 32
Decision Date: 1 May 1979

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The Federal Court of Australia considered an appeal against sentences imposed by the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory on Donald Roy Tait and Michael Leonard Bartley for the importation of cannabis into Australia. Tait was sentenced to 6 years and 8 months imprisonment with a non-parole period of 2 years and 9 months, while Bartley received a sentence of 3 years and 8 months imprisonment with a non-parole period of 1 year and 6 months. The Crown sought to increase the sentences on the basis that they were too lenient. The Court outlined the principles guiding sentencing, noting that an appellate court does not interfere with a sentence merely because it is viewed as insufficient or excessive but only if it is shown that the sentencing court erred in its discretion. The Court found no such error in the sentences, as Tait's participation in the drug trafficking operation on a large scale warranted a severe sentence, and Bartley's lesser role justified a shorter sentence. The Court also addressed the issue of sitting in camera and the communication of confidential information in chambers. The Court held that while there may be limited exceptions to the rule of open court, the current case did not fall within those exceptions. The communication of confidential information in chambers was deemed irregular and contrary to the principle of free access between counsel and the judge. The Court increased Tait's sentence to 8 years and 8 months with a non-parole period of 4 years and 4 months, while upholding Bartley's sentence.

The final orders of the Court were to increase Tait's sentence to 8 years and 8 months with a non-parole period of 4 years and 4 months, and to dismiss the appeal against Bartley's sentence. The Court also prohibited the publication of certain confidential information and directed the parties to sit openly to address the concerns raised.

Orders