R v Tait

[1979] FCA 32

eal by Crown on s e n t e n c e - Genera l

p r i n c i p l e s - Duty o f Crown a t f i r s t i n s t a n c e -

P r a c t i c c i n >lorl;hern T e r r ~ t o z y - ~ l l c s a l i~?:rtz':-or.

of l a r g e q u a n t i t y o f cannab i s - O r ~ a c i z e d crime -

Maximm s e n t e n c e s - C c t e r r e n t a s p e c t o f p u n i s h r ~ ~ n t i n

cases in . -o lv ing 1av:lessness o : ~ a v a s t s c a l e - P u r ~ o s ?

o f noc -pa ro l e p e r ~ o i - L c s s c r ; 3 r t ~ c i ~ a z l o n Sy cc-

accused - D l s a ~ r e e n e ~ t bet.weee p z o s e c u t c r an6 dcf?r.F.xnt

as t o f a c t s - Evidence t o r e s ~ l : l e d i s - > - ~ r , - - " ~ - , <-5 --l . . ---h -

Customs A c t 1901 ( C t h . ) , s . 2 3 3 Z ( l j (5) - F F ~ Z X - Z ~ -- C ~ d r t

of A u s t r z l ~ a Act 1975 ( C + > . ) , s s . 2 4 ( 1 ) (a!, 2 P : 5 j -

--

Parole of F r l s o n e r s OrZixzni:'. 1971 . - P z r z l e cE

-

Prlso?.ers O i d ~ n x r e 1 3 7 6 (X.T.1 - ? r 1 5 ~ ~ - 1 l e ~ 5 - -&CL - 1 5 6 7 (IJt

Open c Q u r t - A?pllc2-;ion t o s i t i n camera - Corrxon 1a':

r u l e s - C o ~ m ~ n l c a t ; o r . s i n cha!rhers - Procedurr . I: :IY~

Cour t a u t h ~ r i z e d t o s i t i n caxers. - Northern Terrl:cr-v -.-

Suvreme C o u r t A c t 13131 ( C t h . ) , s s . 1 3 , i 4 , 1 5 -

Evidence Ordinance L9 39 (1. T. ) ss. 57 , 58.

- -

THE QUZZN v. DONLLD P.01 TIIIT ATlD IlICI!PTL LZOXJ-RD BAgTLZY

No. NTGG of 1978.

Coram	: Brcnnan,	Deane acd Ga l l cp JJ.
Sydney

1 May 1979.

I N THE FCDCRL COURT OF A U S T R A L I A )

NO2TIIEPLI	'i'ERRI?'OXY	D I S T R I C T	K E G I S T R Y	)
1 No. NTG 6 of 1 9 7 8

GENCRAI, G I V I S I O Y I 1

-- THE CUI:E.:

BE'XEEN :

AL:::~: 2.':1? t

J	.	:	:	Erp,?;-.a:i,	Eeo,>z ar,? C - l l o i ;	2J.
-

DA'TC C C D L ~ : 1 Mzy 1 9 7 9 .

p;:l!:?x l :;.Q? : S y Z n e y .

----

THE COilT,T OIIDEFS T l k T : --

l . The a p ? ~ a l . from t h ? Suprcac Ccart of th? t l s x t h ~ r n

T'. r r l t o r y a c ~ a l ? r t the scl-.te-~nz~- 1;11,-os?.r. u ~ o x Don,-.lZ So;- '1;~: L

ty t h e l i o ; l o u r ~ h l ~ ? b!r. J u s t ? c? : , l u l r k c ; i d or1 3 :':.c 19 7E ~ii..~;?b:-

t h e s<:~<l i)cr.al,i. F.21 T a l t 573s se,; t~-?red to bc i-?r:co!;zd :;l -.h

lizrc: I,!bc?l:r for- ::I? s,;~?.ce : ) L 6 ;.c,lr:- anc; E ccil?r,r:fir i:o.i:-h:,

w i c i i 3 . ? ~ P . - ~ : . : c J ~ c ' P , ~ L - ~ c J of 2 )rl_-~r.~. 2,; 9 c3lr??c;.:!r rn?nt:~s

be a l I ~ : . ~ ~ i ~ n d t!l;.: the ~c i : t czcz rjc set a:.ll!e <.-;.L >.;l

l ~ c u t!l:;rcof tht 3 123 -1~c:1;1,1 F.:y T;lt !;I? s ~ : ~ - L L ? : I c L < : t.,:

l,?,,?. # L l ~ ~ A > ( - ' l l : ,- .?,;L h ; < 0 nclr? la!,<>.:z for Ll :-*l-lc? 9f 2 y(:<i-L ~ 1 x 2

8 ~I::c-::I: t t *cr;~;--.::~ce ~ on t?:v ?<:LA ,lJ' ths sc:,?'::?j;,:z 1:1: c:?:;

upon hlm by t h e Supreme Court o f t h e Northern T e r r l t o r y

and t h a t a p e r l o d o f 4 y e a r s and 4 months be s p e c l f l e d

as t h e t e r m d u r i n g which t h e s a l d Donald Roy T a l t be n o t

e l i g i b l e t o be r e l e a s e d on p a r o l e i n pursuance o f t h e

P a r o l e o f P r i s o n e r s Ordinance 1976 ( N . T.) .

2 . The a p p e a l from t h e Supreme Court o f t h e Northern

T e r r l t o r y a g a l n s t t h e s en t ence imposed upon blichael Leonard

B a r t l e y by t h e Honourable M r . J u s t l c e Muirhead on 3 May 1973

whereby t h e s a l d Mlchael Leonard B a r t l e y was sen t enced t o be

lmprlsoned w l t h h a r d l abour f o r t h e space o f 3 y e a r s and 8

c a l e n d a r months w l t h a non-parole p e r l c d o f 1 y e a r and 6

c a l e n d a r months b e dismissed.

I N THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA	)
1

NORTHERN TERRITORY DISTRICT REGISTRY) N o . NTG G of 1 9 7 8

1

GEXERAL DIVISION )

ON APPEAL FRGFI TYE SL;1RE:.iZ CGU2.T

OF TEZ SORT:IE:??: TZF.P.ITCJRV

- -

ASD D C I I A X F.CB "-AI' - >.:~-D

MICi?.;ZL LEi,.:=,:L 2>.<7;ZV

CO!?;!'!	: Erer.r .an,	Desze h C a l l s - , 2,.
--

th2 F i r s t day of M+y	1 9 7 ? .
THE C3L'RT

D o n a l d Roy T a i t and M~char l L e o n a r d 8 2 r t l e y vere

c h a r g e d on i n d i c t n ? n t b e f o r e t h e S c p r e r c o Ccrzc of t h e i i s r C h o r 2

T e r r l t o ~ ~ r w i t h t h e of fence o_C 1 ; r . F o r t l n g l n t o A c s t r a l l 2 a

p r c h l b l t s 3 import c5r.trary t 3 ~ . 2 3 3 E ! l j !>) of t ! ~ CCS-.~;I': -- A c t

1901. ( C t h . ) . Tlle particulars l a ~ S ir. the ;~?LT: ;.r?n= :;r--rc t:'?it

on 2 2 Janu3zy 1 9 7 2 c n e accuse? aslncj a l l g c t a l ~ r c r a f t l z n d e d

n e a r K a t h e r i n e I n excess of 1 4 3 . 2 k l l o g r a ~ ~ s o f c z n z a h l s -n

form c£ p r e p a r e d s k l c k s w h i c h h a d been brought t h c r e Sy them

from o u t s i d e A u s t r a l i a . To t h l s charge they p leaded g u l l t y .

T a l t was s e n t e n c ~ d t o b e im2r i soned w i t h ha rd l a b o u r f o r

6 y e a r s and 8 c a l e n d a r months w i t h a non-parole p e r i o z o f

2 y e a r s and 9 c a l e n d a r months. E a r t l e y was s r n t e n c e d t o be

imprisoned w i t h h a r d l a b o u r f o r 3 yes.rs and 8 ca l e i l da r months

w i t h a non-parole pez iod zf 1 y a a r and 6 c a l e n d a r months. The

Cro:,n appea ls a q a l n s t t h e sex:.-tences liilposel. sukr>l ' i t i ; l< t h z t

t h i s Cour t should i n c r e a s e each o f t h o s e s e n t e n c e s .

Crown appeals a q a i n s t s e ~ t e n c e s have ~o tr.:?: k i c n a l

p a r t i n t h e administration o f c r l i ~ ~ l n a l j L s t ~ c e uxi2cr t n ~ c s r - ~ c ~

law. hppee ls a g 6 l n s t s ex i e r - ce s i r > g s e d bl- ]u?.,,ss F.: :iisc

insits;..cz do n o t exist l :~ t h e U i . ~ r z d Xi:-.,-6c.z. The:- e : : l s - ~ :n

Ch~lz (? i , I<ew l e ~ l ? . : : < s.il.3 f I. ,,e of t;.? s l y A :r ';*::l:. L . : . S ~ z t ~ 5

(Cr l r l l na i fl.;3'?e31 A C C 1-91? S . . S . 5 D : C-<.!.SS &.CC 155? [ :7.c.)

--

s . 5G7A; Crir;llr.al Cs3e 1 9 2 4 (Tas . j S .40L ( 2 ) ; T!-.e C ~ L - I - ~ Z ~ CT :>,

-----p-

1099 ( Q l d . ) s.669;i; Tkr: Crir1.1al Coee 1913 . s.63S!2) (L).

---

and s c c a l s o t h e C o n s t l t u r l o n , s . 731 . P r l o z - ~ c t h e e:lrtct.-ezz

--

o f t h e F e d e r a l Coxr t of A u s t r s l z 2 Act 1 9 7 6 , ac ay???! a5a ;n i t

s e n t e n c e cou ld bo brouqh t by t h ~ C-own zg&:~:\ a senkccce

P.

impcsed by t h a S ~ p r e r , ~ Cour t of a!; Austr?l-l--;i T 2 r r ~ t c ) r l . LG.-

j u r i s d l c t l o n c o x f e r r e d upor. t h l s C s u r t by that 3:t inzl-;iles

j u r i s d i c t i o n t o h e a r Crmm a p p e a l s a g a i n s t s en t ence7 lmpossd

by t h e Supreme Cour t s of t h c a e T e r r l t o r ~ e s 2 l ) l afi?.

s.28(5)). Thesc were t h e f i r z t i p ~ ~ > l s a ~ z i 1 1 s t sext?n:e

i n s t i t u+ ;od by t h c Crown unc?er t h e Fei?r.ral C q ? ; r t of A u r t r a l l z 'n.:t,

.p----- ---

and i t 1s approp r l ake t o r e f e r t o t h ? pr l r .c j : j les t o L.: c b s e r v c 2

by t h e Coc r t l n t h e e x e r c i s e o f t n e j c r i s r l ~ c t l c z .

The r e l e v a n t p r o v l s l o n s of t h e F e d e r a l Cour t o f

--

A u s t r a l i a Act do n o t p rov ide any b a s l s f o r d l s t l n g u l s h l n g

between t h e g e n e r a l principles t o be a p p l l e d by t h e Cour t

on a Crown a p p e a l a g a i n s t s e c t e n c e and t h e p r l n c l p l e s t o b e

a p p l i e d on a n a p p e a l a g a i n s t sen tence by a d e f e n d a n t . The

p r 1 n c i p l . f ~ which limit t h e e s e r c l s e by an a ~ p s l l z t a coni-t

o f i t s apply i n e a c h c l a s s o f j u r i s d i c t i c n w i t h r r s g e c t t o a discret:c7nary s a n t c n c e

c a s e . Those p r l n c l p l e s were exi>resse?

i n IIarris v.	R .	( 1954 ) 93 C.L.R.657 ,	r:!-zcii	was follov7ed. by
-

this Court I n Ko\*ac v.	R .	( 1 9 7 7 ) 13 ALR 6 3 7 ,	and v!-.lch	coct3ir .s
-

a c i t a t i o r . frcr;. Cr~1:sscn v . :he K m ; : (1936) 55 C.L.R.459 a t p?.

-

519,	520:
" . . . t h e ap>e": i s fro!; a c lzzcre t?orary a?-c of t:??

c o u r t ~ ~ S ~ T ' I I S ~ S ~ C fc:: t h e sdnt.l:c:. T!,?

j u r l s c ? ~ c t ~ i ! ~ t o r e v l s e sue!: a c?lsz.-e,:ion TCLS'L >c

e x e r c ~ s e ? l 1 1 accordancs i;i:h r>cQTnlz.;C p r l n c l 2 l : s .

. T t i s n o t enccgh t h a t t h e mer,Lers of t h e c c u r t

would t i l e r s e l v e s hayre i:7?ose3 a l e s s o r dFf:e~*i?t

s e n t e n c e , c r t h a t t h e y thlx:: t h? sent er.^^. ove r -

severe. Ths re must be so?c r i z s o n f o r r e g a r d l n q

t h e d l s c r c t l c n con f jded t o t h e c c a r t c f £ ~ r r s t

i n s t e n c e a s i ~ p r c p e z l y e x e r c l s s d . Tinis r r y

appeal- f r o r ~ t h e circu:.stacces .v-nich t i ? a t c o u r t

has t a k e n i n t o account . They may inc luZ? s a n s

c o n s i c k r ? t i o n s which ou-jht n o t t o h z ~ r e z f f s c t e 3

t h e d;szr~:lcn, o r r.ay e s c l ~ d z o'hcrs r:klzh oc::hL

t o hzve d~ . !e so . The c o u r t ~ 3 have rn~sta!.r*n o r ~ '

beer! m i s l s d a s t o t h e f a c t s , o r an er-ro: o f 12:q

m a y hav.2	beon made.	E f f e c t nay have Seen g l v c n
t o v i e v s	o r o s i n l o n s	whlc11 arc- e x t r c r e o r

misgulced. But it i s n o t nscsssar.; t h a t s o r e

d e i i n l t e o r s ; e c i f ~ c e r r o r sho141d be assigned.

The natul-e o f t h e s en t ence ~ t s - l l f , wh.r?*-~ cxns ~3:r:S

i n r c l Z t l 3 n t a Lhe ofzence a?.L t h e c l r c '> r ,~s t cnccs

o f t h e c t s e , 111y bc such a s t c a f f o r 2 c ~ n v i ~ i c l n ~ ;

evldericc- t h a t i n scme way t > c cxercLsp o: t h e

discretion h a s been unsound. 111 s h ~ r t , t h e

p r i n c l p l c s !.,hicl1 gu;dc cgclrc; 02 ??yea1 111 de~l.Ll:lc;

w l th P a t t e r s rc-stl:lg .In t h e i ? l s c r e t l o ~ i o: t h e co-rc

o f f i r - s r 1 ns tanc2 r e s t r a x t : , ~ I ?. l-cxventlon o f t!lls

c o u ~ t tc c a s z s whcrs t h e s e n ; ~ : ~ c ~ - ;wars ~ n z ~ ~ h s c ~ a b l l ? ,

o r ha; ns:. been f i n 3 I n t r s c 6-c and ~ x 3 p e r e::zrcLre

of t h e c o u r t ' s a u t 5 c r l t y . "

. . ./4

- - . . . ..

An a p p e l l a t e c o u r t does n o t i n t e r f e r e w i t h t h e s e n t e n c e

imposed mere ly because it i s o f t h e view t h a t t h a t s en t ence

i s insufficient o r excessive. I t interferes o n l y i f it be

shown t h a t t h e s e n t e n c i n g l u d ~ e was i n e r r o r 11: a c t n g on

a wrong principle or i n mlsun8erskandlng o r i n wronsly

assessing some s a l l e n t f e a t u r e o f t h e ev ide2ce . The

e r r o r mzy a p p e a r i n what t!~s s e n t e n c i n g j ~ i d g t sa :d i n t h e

proceedings, o r t h c s en t ence I t s s l f nay he s o e:.:ccss~vz

or l n a e e q u a t e as t o m a n l f s s t such e r r o r . (Sea c,?:~cl-?! i;.,

S k l n ~ e r v . - R. (1913) 1 6 C.L.R.336 a t pp.335-2-:0; - R . 7 1 .

Withers	- (1925) 25 S.R. ( N . S . W . )	38,	a t p.321:;	?;hlrtz!:fr	v.	X.
-

( 1 9 2 s )	4 1 C.L.R.230	a t p .2 t9 ;	G r ? f f ~ e h s	v .	R .	(1377) 15 ;.L?.	l
---	-

a t pp.! 5-1 7 ) .

A l t h c ~ q h 2'1 e r r e r ef :zc-:L,L- t.?; seil':c;!?zr n s t

appea r b c f o r z t h ? a~:~ella:i! cc32r'; , ~ . ~ l l in:r:y'Gxe i n C.?

a p p e a l r a l s e s consic1eratlsr.s ~,:;ic:i a r e n o t pzcss?~:: 1.2 an

a p p e a l by 2 de fendan t see::lcq a r eCac t ion i c kiss cen tccce .

Crcji7n z p p s a l s have been dsscribe:: 2s c u t t i n g a c r o c s " t i n e -

hono-r.?d c o r . c ~ s t s o f crlrn:=.a: ad: --r.~stra'i.ior." ( ? c r Ear::; ck

C . J . , PEel v. Tks Queen (1971) 125 C.L.R.447 at p.452) .

A Cro\ln a p p e a l p c & i n jec;jexc?y " t h ? v e s t c d lr.texe?L t h a t

a mar. h a s t~ t h e f r c e d c ~ w:lzch i s h l s , s S j t c z tc. li!~e

- 7. I LL ..

s c n t e n c s c i t h c r,rimary tribu~zl" (scr I s a c c s Li . , .LL,::CY

v. - R . , s u n r a z t p.242) . T h e f? ee2d1.1 bcyo:.:: t5s scntr-r.ce

imposed i s , f o r t h e secc:~d t l m - , i n jeopardy oa n Crow?

a p p e a l a g a i n s t szr i tence. Ic as f i r s t - i n j.?3pa!:cP- ~ J C ~ O Z C

t h e s e n t e n c l n s c o u r t .

It would b e u n j u s t t o a defendant t o expose

him t o double jeopardy because of an e r r o r affecting

h i s s e n t e n c e , i f t h e Crown's presentation of t h e c a s e

e l t h e r contributed t o t h e e r r o r o r l e d t h e defen?anc t o

r e f r a l n from d e a l l n g w l t h some a s p e c t of t h e c a s e whlch

might have r e b u t t e d t h e sugges t ed e r r o r . Ths Crc..~n h a s

been s a i d n o t t o be concerned w l t h s e s t e n c z ( s e c , e . g . ,

Lawrence J. i n Papr ika Limi ted v. Board of Trace (1922)

1 K . B . 3 2 7 a t p .332) , b u t whe!~ a s t a t l ~ o r y rlg!i;. c f zpr.-al

i s con fe r r ed upon t h e Crown, t l l 3 t p r y ~ o s ~ t l c : ? PUS= be K C Z C

p r e c l s e i y d c f l n e d . I t rerta1r.s t r a e t h a t t h e Cro.:r 1s

r e q u i r e d t o mcl!:e i t s s u S ; . ~ ~ s ~ ; ~ c : i s a s t.2 ser . tencr f a l z l y

ahd i.1 an e?er?-hzl~d-~~? marnr+:-; &nd t h a t t h c Croh:~ dces no:,

as an a S v z r s a q , p r e s s thr: sr::rs!lc;ng c o u ~ t f o r a h?: y

s e z t s n c e . The Crsf,,n has h d ~ t y t c t h e cou-t t o zsszs-L

it i n t h e tisZ of pess1,:T senCe:;ce by an a5cqnatz

p r e s e n t a t ~ o n of t h e f a c t s , by an a p p l c p r l a t e r e f u r c n c ~ t g

any s p e c i a l p r l n c l p l e s of sente.!ci?g vh lcn m=$ht roasonab l r

b e thought t o be r e l e v a n t t o t h e c s s e i n hand, and by a

f u r t e s t1n . j o f t h e dc?fen?i t~l t ' s c a se ss fa: as 1 i a:;??:.-.S

t o r e ~ z u r r e i t . I f t h e p.:opozltlon t h a t t h e C r v 7 n 1s rc:

co!lc*rned 111 t h sen tanc? wzs cra7er cons t rued a s ,;lj.;olvlng

t h e C r o ~ ~ n f r c n t h l s du ty , l t cznnot hc s o cor.s~ruac? ,..~hcc

a Cro~:n rlq-,:?: o f appea l agcinsi ; scntcixc3 i s cs.?C>rr.-d.

The Crowr~ is under a du ty t o a s s ~ s ; t h s c o d r t t? a - ~ o l d

ap[~ea!.ab!.e e r r o r . The perfor!-ccc? G: t1;z.t L c t y ;a t!lc

c o u i t ensuraa thtt t h e de fendzn t knows t.hc n z t c r c 3rd

e x t e n t of t h e case a g a l n s t him, and t h u s has d f a l r

oppor t l ln l ty o f n e e t i n g i t . A f a i l u r e by t h e C r c w r . t o

d i s c h a r g e t h a t d u t y may not. o n l y c o c t r l b u t e t o appea l aS le

e r r o r a f f e c t i n g t h e sentence, buL may t e n d CO d e p r i v e t h e

de fendan t o f a f a i r o p p o r t c n i t y o f meet ing a c;.ss which

might u l t ~ m a t e l y be maze on a p p e a i . I t wovld bs u n j u s t t o

a de fendac t , t -hosc fzecl2orn i s i n j e ~ p a r r l y f o r t h e second

t i m e , t o c o n s i d e r on appea l a c a s e nade a g a i c ~ t him on 2

new b23xs - a bas;s 1;hich he rr.2,-:.t havs s c c c ~ s ; f u l l y

b e f o r e t h e ser.tcr:clr?s c o u r t . A c :.'?cZle~.,-ns C.;. a'. C . L . s z l d

i n Rcq. v . Jac C..:. ' . , Cellve:? r~ t h ? 2 ,c';:-?' c c f t:i? ':S:: SO:^'-^

- - -

" . . .ws !:oclc :ls;; see:, t a encc..ilrds;? a-:: sy-. ; L ; . ?

x h i c h r z a r t r : .at c;;az s e r s br5a :h t hsr.2 u,-?s.:

2

s.5'3 o f tl;~: Cr1-.;:121 F?c~D??I 'ct_ C;. bL?:c: :;hlch

- -. - - -- - --

wezc n o t ar;L~fl bzf~:? tijc Ja<;e oeiov."

Altnoxc~!; thn s::rst?r.ce o f err@:- 1s thn_ C O - T L ~ ~ ?

ground \:hicl1 e c t - t l s s t h e ar l ;e l l ; te ccLrz t o ir~:er-~-::e ;n

appea l s by t h e Crorxn nn2 by a d~Zer :dan t ( c f . R . v. D u t l , ? r

-

[l9711 V.R.892; R. v. Lie'cefci:; C..' ~a-::? t:?? A c t n r r ~ ~ ; - G ? r ~ s r r z l

- I-__

[l9731 Qf l .R .355) , t l l e re wou;d be fa.; c a s e s r:li,;-re tine ~ p r ~ e l l d z s

courL u o a l d i n t e r v e n e on an n p p c l l a r z l n s t s e l x s n c r t? c3r :ect

an a l l e 5 e d e r r o r by 1r.crcas:nq t!lz senteRc2 if t i ; ~ rr,y-r.

juZge ts avo ld t : l~ e r r o r , o r i f t S e ds~:~ndz:i?. ;::-L u:c:';iy

p r e j u d i c e d i n i-i..--:tlns f o r thc! fir:: tlrr- cn a?r,ezl t l ~ s z r u c

c a s e a g a l n s t h l x .

I n t h e l i g h t o f t he se g e n e r a l o b s e r v a t i o n s , w e

t u r n t o t h e p r e s e n t ap2ea l . A number 05 e r r o r s was s a l d t o

be r e v e a l e d by t h e r ea sons gxven by t h e l e z r n e d s e n t e n c i n g

judge f o r t h e s e n t e n c c s imposed. But h i s Eonour 'a r ea sons

exp res s no e r r o r o f principle, n o r any e r r o r i n t h e

u n d e r s t a n d ~ n g o f t h e f a c t s (a l thoagh t 5 e ~ r o c c d c r e f 3 r

ascertaining t h e r e l e v a n t f a c t s gave ris2 t o SGT.? unforc.~i:;te

d i f f l c u l t i e s t o whlc:? r r I e z e n c e 1s ,.ade 5~13:~) . Tie Cro-;r.

sought t o dax .ons t ra te ail e r r o r of t 2 e rslr-~:1:1~ k:n? by

su5.-; t t lng t h z = t h e s cc t ences in;cs:d a r e r;..?clf?scl;l i.?;c?>q.;zk--

i c ccn?ar:son w ~ t h t h o r3n7c of 5-??c:-ccs s a l ? tc be s F 2 r o p r l i t :

t o t k offcncc? cnc: t h e ~~.r:~;'i.st~::;c:s o f c?=h C e i ~ r ~ Z ? . l t . s ~ 2 ~ 2 ,

I t VF.S Cur the r ~ , & 7 : t C ~ d t:l?L-, l P ~ Z = L ~ ~ : J ' S C L ? , i! ~eilt2?.c-.?? C j

p r i n r l p l e w:klch was a ~ p l ? c e l . l e i n tho c i r c . c s r J ; l c ? s , 211c' t g

which r e f e r ~ n c e w i l l presently bc r a d o , mcsz havo t e e n

o v e r l o ~ k e d by t!le lezirned s?n';~:lci;lg j~d<;-;.

Tho p r l c c l p a l f a c t s of t h e cas? : .ere f u r ~ l - s i . e d t o

t h e Suprsoe Cour t by s t a t emen t s rrzfie by ccLins?l from tse b a r

t a b l e , ar.d by t h e t e n i e r l n g 05 COT: 2occr:knkary e;:!ll1?: ks

including r a c o r d s o f interview g i s e n by t h e defenEznts . No

swor!? e v i z e n c e was adducsd. Son12 f u r t h t ? r f a c i s r r l e . i z n t ko

T a l ~ ' s sentei?,-e were co:~71lr.~nic~ted t 3 t h c ?c?.~e c!-.mkers

by counse l f o r T a l t i n t h e F=es?r:ce of c o u n s e l f o r t:?e Cr.;:<n.

When t h l s appea l w . ~ s f l r s k argilzr?; r-c was un<2rs7:ooL

t h a t t h e d i s c l ~ s s l o r , bzt\:;.zn t h z jucisc azd rr~u:lsc?l rn chambe~rs

r e l a t e d s o l e l y t o t h e n n s c c c c s s f ~ ~ l maklng o f an a??l lcat iOi l by

counse l f o r T a i t t h a t t i le Codrt !?c c l c s s d :G a1lo.h. h ~ kc: a

d e a l w i t h some n a t t e r s conf1dential1.y. The transcript

o f t h e p roceed ings i n t h e Court s u g ~ , ? s t e d t h a t t h a t w a s

t h e on ly matter discussed i n charrhsrs. Hoy:evzr, a f t s r

judgment had been r e s e r v e d , t h e e p p e a l was, a t t h e r e q c n s t

o f c o u n s e l f o r T a t , r e l ~ s t e d and w e were i n L a r e d t h a t

n a t t e r s r e l e v a n t t o TELC 'S s en t ence h22 bner. d l s c u a s e d i n

chambers.	W e	acceded	t o an	a > p l l c a t ~ o r ,	t o i r . s - l tz	t h e
. --

l e z r n z d scnli=r.zx:g ].;i!?c tc S C E ? ~ ~ E rey;sr'c, 222 k l s t:,:.?sur

f u r n i s h ? ? a r epo rk r e l z i l , l q t u t!lc c:.l:~mke-: l : . : i . . - - - q . S . >.S

- -

it appears f r o n t h a t repo.;: t h - t t!-L? r c c c r a c,= prozes2L~; s

bcfore t h e S u 2 r e r s C s i r t Coez ncc Cisclc:e : ' 2 cf tr.2

mL,-ters . A - ~ ~ c ? . .'- - r~21;>~,?.2 W: ?.l, h-.S !!GXC-~L 1~ L:~?C:, :-.c 7 ?-:<,:?L?

aild t k a t h e ya7.s i15;qkt 'c,) !::ILL rcn-?-,?l :?.&C r-12 11; :v 1.1

chamL>rs, a qLizstlcn a r l z ? ~ .IS t 3 r,*k2i:I~_r 1:: CS~:C~T-~I : . - . - ! , ~ '

t h l s appal. w e shou ld ta!-,z l z t G ~ C C G ~ P L 3 5 : z l r t t e r ; t o

whlch r e 3 e l n c e .-:as n?dc l n ch;rr>crs.

Cocnsel a t t cnf i sd i n t h e ) u 5 3 e 1 s c'??.::::,,;

d i s c u s s t h e grounes of t h e a ~ p l l c a t l c i : t o c l c z s t h 2 cs,-#:t,

Wnen ccuns?.l were i n ch.>;r.':?rs, his Rozocr ln<.lczt;C Li11: h?

c ~ n s l d e r e d t h a t i f t k r e was makerls.1 t o b e c?.l;-,?yfd Ln

cor , f iC>nce, t!:ls shoulC occur sn c!l:.-L-i;ers; rl' - - L , __l. L L.I--I ::I

a clcs?i! c o u r t . Cou-isel £ 9 ~ t h e Croi;: ~.l.:i:.~:? t!?;: t.: k i 2 2

no 0 b 1 c c t i c n t o ~ L ~ L S C C ~ S L S , ~ . C O U : I S C ~ £0: TZL: ti1:+11

c e r t a l n s u h ~ . ! ~ s s ~ o n = . t c h ~ s Moxour rc1at1r .g :-3 I : . : : , rL:.-.si..?;

f o r applying t o c l o ? e t!;c CO~JL-c_ and t o ~ a t t ? r s .;.:?."h z ! "3u lC

b e tnken i n t o acconnk 1:i T a ~ t ' s Eavcuz . Thc ]CA;+ ? l Y i l z 2 d

counse l t h a t he would t a k e t h e suSmlsslons l n t o account ,

a l though he would n o t make r e f e r e n c e t o them i n h l s

remarks upon p a s s i n g scnteAce. The r e c o r d o-he ? r o c c e d l c r s

b e f o r e t h e Supre?~e Court d i d n o t disclose, an2 was cc . lcx la te2

n o t t o d i s c l o s e , t h e n a t u r e o f t h e d i s c u s s i g n s i n chzn5ers.

No . ' r i t t e n r e c o r d was k e s t of t hose ? i s c ~ i s s i c n s b ~ his t

Honour's r e p o r t , a m p l l i l e d by a f u r t h e r ag reed s;a;err.?r.-. o f

f a c t s ( E s h l b l t A ) , cons-~.;s t o us a g e n e r a l u.?c'.erstx7--n,; 05

t h e na l . t e r s 213cuss2J.. We 2 r c COIIS:T~;T.~C: c 3 L _ i ! : l 3 t:10s?

ma t t cc s i n t o a c c o a c t , nct bccric:? t h e n a t t e r s d ~ s c u s s e d

pz~,,,a&1y ?;L:'; t h ~ ) c d q ~ l f i c : ? -~>+rs ~ 7 tc l;= -=c>?r<,s< 25 2

,=,-v c,

e x - i l ~ c c ? p i ~ x z d h---- =cc: S - ~ r e ? ? Cccr: , b > ~ f t e z a . 7 ~ :

relnv2r. t f a c t s , r.3~; fclrrlj.s:1?ci. t o US, v ~ r e f~rr,:.;'il=?. t 5 ?.I S

Honoar by a p ~ o c c Z u r e which, T a i t wzc assure?, it :12s

appropriate f o r h ~ n t o f o l l c : ~ i r . o A e r t o ha-7c t n c s z r , l ?~ke r s

cocsl?e?:cd. I t wguld 0.2 .-un;us:: f o r t h l s C s ~ r t t o i3r,cl-r: L:; : .

n i t ] gakirig c1rcunsta i .css of w.?~c, l \ iz h+ue bczri 1~.'or.i25 2r.d

which t h e S~?re!;:? Cour t c c ~ k in:-c, acccrr i t !r.o-i-cl:r kczads? t h e

procedure adopted by t h e loaznsd scncencln; jcdye, t : i ~ h t n z

tor-sent o f b o t h c o u n s e l , \$as :let consonant with t!:~ p:rqc.:iule

which ous!~': t o b e fo1love.l i n - .~l; . . lnal c -zes . Latt:?- L;-. t h l s

j u d g x n t , :ie r:i.z.ll rlfsr t o sr, ,n= G: t h e :3:-?:IC:F~,~S v ; l 1 1 ~ 1 1

gave:-n t h e col.lrs? ~ . ; h ~ z h 9 cod:-r s l l ~ ~ ~ ~ l c : t l k e V . ~ Z . a]-.

a p p l i z z z i o c i s made 'ih-t i L : , l t l n cal-rrz. Fox t::~ mo.;e<:t,

it su,?flces t o n o 2 t 3 a c L!]? mate;-lal !::i;'.c:l !.;c 1:711, Z t thc

r e q , ~ e s t o f tne p a r t i c s , t aken l . -~to accoucc i n C ~ 1 z i 1 1 . 7 9 tl-e

a p p e a l i n T a l t ' s c a s e i n c l u s e s in for rna t icn f u r n i s h e d t c

us by t h e l e a r n e d sentencing :udge in h i s r e p o r t , and an

ag reed s t a t e m e n t o f f a c t s ( E s h l b i t A) furnished t o us by

t h e p a r t i e s i n a n p l l f l c a t l o n o f h i s Hoxour's r e p o r t .

Although these d o c ~ ~ e n t s were r s f a r z e d t o o r recc i - jed

i n open c o u r t b e f o r e u s , we have thougii t r t r l g k t n-'- " L to

r e v e a l t h e i r r e f e r e n c e s t c T a l t . A c c o r c : ~ c s l y , W? hax-e

p r o h i b l c e d t h e ~ r p u u l ~ c a t l o n c c t r l f ~ i z t ; ~ e z o r d e z , a:-.d

d ~ r e c t e d t n a t t h e y be s c l t a b l y k e ~ ? 11.. t!:e rs~ls t r ; .

T h l s ccu..-s> has n o t affect .--2 ~cL?.:c a--?-- ,--hJ t~

t h e pr1nci.c-l facts c,; ri:e c ? s ~ ;:h;zh ~ ~ t ~ r e > ' ;b l~cL. i

s t s t e c b c f c z c t h e S.::>re:n Cci:r:.

T h e r? less . l t sh rzn : l c~~ - c f khc prrs-c: ccsa

cu.-r;:,s:.i.$s eLoiz I 2 r?.o:rchs t s f o r s C.".(: c.rm?3::re.:::e C? -i:e

e:-ents wtlc!; qave rl-2 '20 t h z ;L-?SE~ITI c.::z~z. 21: ~:I?.L

tir:e, T a i t ' s ccunsel se, 3 , T a l t i!a; ep;:shcr.?cc! a.:d

d e t a z c e d i n InLcr,csla fcr c~rr-,ir.q an i l L z , a l c z i y o sf

drucjs, and a syx . l~ce '~ . - of persr,:Is e s s r c l : n ? h l n l r . f l e ~ ~ n ~

f r o n t h a t ccli~?tr;: acd th=r?h;' p l l c e e h l r ~ n c ' . + r ar.

oS l lg . i t i on t-o underta!ce a f l l g h r f r x - E;ng::3X t o k u s t r a l l ?

c a r r y l c g drcbza. Tne s y r d l c a t s which hsi ren,:?:cd h i 3

t h l s ass is tc : ;ce p t t the. ;?rr,~os,-.l t c h i r i i r , Ekp5k5l:.

Accorcl~nq t o Tal::'s r?coi--: 0: ln:erv-c:.;, - 7 ;c:; : l hls co:::lscl

topic t o be a n zccura'ce sr?.t.?-l.lcxt, i n 0-c ;+c~:"~-'~ol,ez 1977

he c z s appr3ached t c f1.y a l s a ? of b ~ 2 J h z sti.c::s 12?0

P.us:rllia. Budc'.!:a s t i c k s +re t:;c £10 -~rin,; tci2.i cf t:le

plenl: czrmzk~s s z t ~ v c l 5cl;nd arc1172 .z bz.i!aor! t:.:~g.

T a l t a g r e e 3 t o t h e p roposa l . Money was advanced t o

him t o pay h l s f a r e t o t h e Unlted S t a t e s and t o Fay

a d e p o s i t o f $ 5 , 0 0 6 on t h e purchase o f a s u l t a b l e

a i r c r a f t . H e found such an a l . r c r a f t s.t San J o s s iq

C z l l f o r n l a , p a l 2 t h e d e p o s r t , secured a c o n t r a c t , 2nd

r e t u r n e d t o Banykok. tie was cllen glven same a d d ~ t l s n ~ l

funds t o pay t h e balarice o r t h e ~ . l r c i i z s e p ~ l c e . It?

Noverber 1977 h e a g u n went t o t h e Uni tcd S t .? tcs . Ti isz~?,

a f t e r t h e a i r c r a f t ::es f l t z c d w1th long rz,l:e tai-.!:S a t a

c o s t c: a ccu:ic o f t:~cusar,C dc,Llzzs a r ? 2 C .E. rii,?'.l~,

he Lock dsl l . s .er~j o"!:~ jircra:c. , = f L = , - _ C - L O --.&.-,L, P-' p] -P' -

whey? h s a r i - ~ v e ; or1 3i Dec~rr.':i; l$-/?. Tn? sl~cr-~?.:c wzs

r,

t hen plpce.3 LLI d har:r;ar f c r r :;,:.Le:- na: .' L-ziia. ic~. i a - 5

chcckoc: on t h e px23ress o f t:,c i?o:n:,-cl:,:.,- f r c r , L:,<? t o

t lme an3 then s e c t a nessage ts Syznev f o r "son- yccnJ

f e l l o t r " t o Sr recruit-2 a s aI? ass i s tz inc cr. tho- f11qi1~. 'LIJ

1 2 u s t r a l l a . Fie was f , ~ r n i z h ? d f cc ! ; S;rc':zcy \ i l t h i??,r;isy's

name and a d i z e s s a d , i n mid--J2nls2ry, 5cr.k B&:-clr;? 15

Syd-ey a p re -pa id t i c k e t t o Em,-l:&. B?.rj-ley, UZ-I?; Zi::

t1cl ;et 53 prov ide2 , t r -ave l le? t c Bai-!ql:o!r on o r z t z c - c 1 9

Jan-+ry 1 9 7 3 . T a i t nad b~o!(fC: J a r t l s y l n a t t h e I;,r?rla:

Hc:tel, E.?n~kok, a ~ d X.-: hLn op ar;lv-.l. T a ~ t ts-;L. i?;lr:~*-~.

t o s e e t h e a1 r c r a f t s o t h a t 1 3 , : coclr? f,i.:~l:?.r~ze k.,.r,.-el;

w i t h it. It ?.?rear? t h a t T a l t r e q u l z e i Car t127 r e r ? e r

assistance w ~ t h t h s f u e l s y s t ~ . ? : l n t113 a z r c r c f t . Z a ~ t l ? ; '

and Ta.1.t were t o tr-srcl on f,:!s..- docu-, , s :~ is . T x t !:as

t r a v e l l i n g ~?r .der the n a r s oE Peker A r t h z r UTon.23 r,n a

New Zeeland p a s s p o r t and had an hmerlcan p i l o t ' s l l c e n c c i n

t h e sane nape. According t o B a r t l e y , Talk h,?d p r e ~ a r e d false

p z l c t ' s l l c c c c e and a i r c r a f c crew l d c c ~ t l f i c a t ~ c n docnnents

f o r E a r t l e y . B a r t l e y had no f ly lnc: s k i l l s .

T a i t and E a r t l e y l e f c Eans'iok oil S a t u r l a y r;.3rnlnq,

2 1 January 1976. T a l t sa:d t h h t y:ih,~n th;! z:rcraf: SeparLc2

from Bsnskok, it vias cerryi::s aTyroxmzL2;; klics of

comp~ressed buil.C!?a s t l c k s wh: ch 112s t 3 e ;-C::;T-:I qc.a:klty -ch;t

t h e a l x c r a f : c o u l d c:rl-y. Iic s a l 2 'L'IZ: L?.* c;^rc;r, loa?. 1

by c:-!~,?r perso?.s l n Eilr?q'.;o1.;, aiiJ t::=.t 17.c f 15 - f r~:l t?'?, ? t z

Dru-?el on t i e f1rs.c l e g 02 h l s jGc-::ey t,; A ~ 3 t r l l : a . ~ z r t l c - . ,

on t:>e c l - l c r l-.end, i n n l o see:--' ,. 1 a=c~.-:l r.: 1?1-:+r-, s,:lL

tb?.? C>:? ~ L ~ Z Z + ? Y i ~ . ; i < z : a t ET\ ? c : - , race? L::> z':,:.-k 1:

fl---::~s ti -c frc:r Ee5,;L.u.. -1112 the : ! .E ?c - - c : -: ?en lc:.C.=:: w - th

b~c!<>.z s L 1 . 5 : ~ v:!llch	!:er,? ~ZGIL-,:::	or.t	:I:	a LL:.-~: k:s	f 5 . ~ -
. -

Thai m,:? ir. grc i r , u i ~ ; ~ s z ! ? s . I n th-c- r e - - r e 2" i!?ts:-+-lz-.;

Bar:lr:,- s 3 ? d h- loe2?c! tht! l?i;:?:.c cc..,?:? -... t GI '; . c : ! :,l373

- - . .

wich t i z bo.:c.s ccntz . ln in5 t h e L,,-& :2 s ~ l z .S.

Thfy e r r i v e d i n 9r;?.ei, 5crn: - . :t 2 5 ~ 1 ~ : 7 . ~C;;..I

C,.. , -

1cc.a; tin.: and s t 2 y c 3 the:? 0 t - 2 ~ L;>L-. L . - -L refueI.:st2 t ? e

a l r z r a f c , c~;~?pL?'ic?5 ccs "21s fc:-z! L?:.;-, S ,.L171 t t j S a

f l l ~ h t F l a n t c the Borneo a 7 ~ t : : o : l t l ~ s . I t 1 ;~s a Tzl;;c L C ' L I C ; . ~

plL!n. I r , z t - r S cf 53113.7inc~ th.: fl:=!;+: . ; ; . c ! ELL.I_L:,.; I :C L., . -

D o ~ n e o ; u c h c r i t l c s , ' l n ~ ' , t flc: ihe B:YCZ; - L C,!: t..? ~'(.'rr,'~7g C!

2 2 .Sar!:?ry 1978 towards t !?~ K3r::h.x-n Tc~rriLcrry. tid 1?3<e

r c i k ~ c c n t e c t v.l.kh a nm,he7: c£ c,;r 32.. 2 9-, CL,>LI .?:t:.:ririe~

and gave them f a l s e p o s l t l o n r e p o r t s . H e had i n t e n d e d t o

c r o s s t h e Australian c c a s t l l n e about 6 0 ml l e s wes t o f

Darwln b u t i n f a c t he c ros s?? i t aboc t 10 ml l e s w s s t o f

Dardin. H e e n t e r e d c o n t r o l l s d airspace, was detected

by r a d a r a t t h e Darvrln a i r p o r t , and was interce;:Lzd by a

RhAF Hercu les a i r c r a f t which was d l v e r t e d f a r t n s p u r p s ?

from a f l i g h t f r o ? a u t t e r w o r t h I n Malz;ls;a t o Pa-?ili?.

The Hercules f c l l c - e d T a l t ' s a l r c r a f t s3ukh~,/crr! f a r sc7'f

d l s t ~ c c c . T!le Hercd lcs r o l l c d l t s W ; : : : - :;h;ck T-LL

und; . r s ;~c i ,D ' si:n+l "fol los : me" c:it h+ 6 1 C n o r f o l l ~ -

t h a t i1lst:acklca as he P.-d h;-.;l k1k E?r:r^:cs ; i :iZ;:'J L1

ra l r2 th:-, it h z i ccly 2 h u u r s ' enC.!rz:.ce, a r d T2lz

6cciL#?cl :.G CVR:-LI:>-L w ~ t l : i i i 5 f i . 1 5 2 ~ ?--I h s i e 4~>:7: t??

E?rc.:le: ~ : o s l l h ~ ~ - e CD r s t > d r n ";L- Iuc!..

T a l t ex2ec c 2 6 t o r e : ~ ~ v = ed-.,lc- on t.12 C 3 r-?:~

e f c e r he c r ~ s s - d t h e Austrc- . l lzi : c,>astl;:l-- c?-rs,:cl:y hi:; i c

a dcsi,;r,at?d I ~ n l l ? ; spck v;;?c;-c. P a l s aircraft wr~1:lL L ?

un:ocf!ed ar.B rsZu-. i leZ by a g r o x r i p;>;-ty. It was ::x.::,2 ;1

t h a t Barz ley shou ld lea\ -e kiln a t t h a t spuc and t h z c h;;

T a l t , s h o a l 2 l ~ r n ~ d i z t e i y r e t u r c t o B i c n e ~ .

Dy t!:e t.1,l.z the KIJ?F 5erccl :s ~ 7 3 : ~ ~ U? +--I?

s ~ ~ r ~ ~ e l l l a : ~ c , z c£ Tai+:'s a ~ r c : ? : ~ L Z \<,:S zli,~c::: C?:': zr<i ??it

e s t l r . z t e d t h a t t.2 had c n l y z F c ~ t 2; n~lr-.';?e; cf Id:!. lcf: .

I!c dezld32 t o lar:? c l c s s t o a rc?.~? \:,:err k.2 c31i!;I: ;c: zr.35-

t n e aircraft and ~21:: a::a;; f i x I.=. !Ice 29~::. ~ 1 c . c e 2 b c ~ :

1 4 o r 1 5 kllo.-et!:~; nor" o f KfK-l;'?:rln;., ha3 Earr-:cy l i2;c?

t h e f u e l l l n e , l anded t h e a l r c r a f t , d i s connec ted t h e

f c e l l l n e s o t h a t t h e r e would b e a f low o f f c e l an2 f l r e d

f i v e Verey p i s t o l f l ~ r e s l n t o t h e a l r c r a f t i n t h e hcpe

of des:roylng i t s c c n t e n t s . The a l r c r a f t 1\~2s v ~ r t d a l l y

d e s t r o y e d by f ~ r e b u t on ly p a r t o f t h e c o n t s t s was

d e s t r o y e d . Ta ik and S a ~ L l c y walked through t::e scr:J;

u c t i l t hey caine t o a roa-1 1:hlch t 5 e y thcu,-lit ::3i:ld 1'3-,:2

t o 1:atherinc. They follov.ed t h - 5 ruzd until t.le;r c a - c

m-. t

t o t!l= S t i l a r t Illcjh-7;s. W e r e t h e y ~ l r t e r j cry--.:..~i?:i. L

gavc E s r t l e y an? t r , t~.elephc!:e T z - t 'S ;. L?;: $ : @ G sad ~ r . s t r ~ c t s C h:-, ts 7- L.:. :? Kzt?::r::-?

l n Sy(<~1-.4- tc: t c l l P,?.: v::::.-

had h.?:;y;~:~s(?.

T d l t 5,e,:t *:-r; t h e 5tc:r : Er:! - -- . , -j f *.!.c . : a

- , r .

cr,uax.;er of a m ~ l e then I. -.:L l?.t3 t>A.c crzx:, c'.:.= I: ..il. L , I ~ . L

w a s ol: t:12 S~:,-,Zziy xi;?'-. Ee S=??$? t:irrs e: l Ccy :.:o::ic:,

and w i : . : t:c? ' r.c.1-c:;!.;irZs a l zng t:le S : ~ r . l - t EL<!-, :,cl' to; 3r::r;

D?.!7:1;-. f ~ r i'rCzt 3: til? I.:~.l,a;r niqn-,, i~ovlr?c i:;-,o t S i ? s c r ~ : >

w ~ c . . I I = \ - . - ~ a c z r c27.c p a s t . 2e kar? e ~ l - s n n2tl:ir.r; sin.;?

Sz ta rdag n l $ h t l n E r u ~ c l . 0z thc Tu?s3ay rpsrn la> h e

dcc~rleci he wcvl2 qj.;-e hir-:?lf :p i r.:tion hr. s l y : t l - 2 rlcjht.

o2yc r t i . n~Cy . H? wcr..red cl ~ o l l c z c a r dc-:I v~ke.1 he SA;.: c n s

ap?rr,zchlr.c +n2 qel-e h l l ~ z c l f up. The p c l ~ . z s rcco~7~?x?d l , i 3

kllo<r:t:rc- oT c=r, i?nl .~s - r d r e t kan t ; . a:?oi:ni: s:sec:fl~-? l!?

t h e inf i? .c tm;l t - froin t!:? ~ u ? r c t a l r . i ~ f t .

T a i t [:.,.S ;s:ic-d 1.1 t n e recor l sf iAlt;.:-;ic. sbout

-.

h l s pzyn.e;lt f ~ r p. ctlz~!;.-1t1,311 l n tii? c r T t c i - ~ ; l s e . tre 5212

t h a t he had a l r e a d y r e c e l v e d abcut $US1O,OOO, t h e mdjor

p a r t o f which had been ou t l ayed i n t h e p ~ r c h a s e o f t h e

a l r c r a f t . H e was asked whether he w a s t 3 r e c e l v e an;r

f u r t h e r moneys a f t e r he completed t h c t r l? t o Australia and

h i s r e p l y was "Yes, $10,000 makin5 a t o t a l c l $ 5 0 , C C O arid

m

n a t d r a l l y t h e a l r c r a E t was rernz1r.i my pr.3: 2 r ty" . lo.,~arY;

m .L -4,; t k 2 551:-

t h e end of h l s recor2 05 in:ervlc;i:; ~ a ~ t

sc.rvr.S s t s t e ~ e n : . "I on ly w2r.t t c sr: t : ~ t F-. : 1 c!-.L;

o p e r z t l o n i s ~ - r l c t l y tl-~r:r;,?:r2;li:,?.;". >.lt!-.cc:n cc;::.:?:

£G!.- t:l? CrsY.!n i n f c r i w l ti-.? C c u r t t h z t "=;;.-'- 1 s n?: a ;a: i-- t l ,>~.

wnlc!? the Crab-c ne?es sz -2 1.1 ( S : c ) ZC:?::,:~ c; ~t..--;:r:;. y 3 ~ r

r-: -

i ? D n c , l r tr: aCC-.;;t", no ~7iC.e ;c2 :;is C: 112i. . . X . - 2 ; C. >S

e7.~:2cncc zr.3 t1.c ILCLS :>L.OSS:I~CC: LO t!-.l- SL:: 3.~':;- -i l l? 317 ; : . :

- -

t h e Cro\r. sec, t c h:,,.: hc;,:~ fcc>:.rc cr. t3.2 l,;.fcrr>: .~c:-

fur-:s'~sd by bczh r e s L > ~ n $ c n t s t c =>c i n v c s t ; ~ a t ; x . 12

o u t l ~ n l n c ~ t h e f z c t s fzom t!le baz ~ l l j l e , c,;x:.;el isr L:$ C,-,G.;.:

r e c i t e d liilac e~c:il acccc,;i! hha ss2l.d i r , r e c s r 2 s 0;' 11--nv"'~3"?. .L - - "

Pollc:7ing t ! ~ e 2 r z c t l c e in t h e X ~ ) x t i ~ e r i ? T e z i - l t z y h;s ht2.!3.:rr

a c t e d upcn t h e s u k ~ n ~ s ; ~ o . n . s o f cc..~r.s?l f o r T a l t , t?:c~;<?. h2

WO-1-2 have Lsen e n t ~ t l c " t o req.L;r- ecl?eL:os f r c a TILE a s ':D

t h e exten, of h i s 11l.;olvzn~~1'i, l E T a l t ;:~::c.l 2-52?

p~iillsh:lc.n.)i by atti-~:3ul:l,:~ t h * G- izz-a l l ec'..8:sgr~r.:urlll :._-i>

I n t h e ver?turc t3 ~ c ; i c r partlcxs~r Ls . 1:o:-cy,c?-, l : ~ c !lo::cir

d l d a c c e p t t h a t T a l t ' s rql 9,+3 p 7 5 r l l j t - d t 3 tr.e c-:<~c;7..c^C.; CJ

of tti2 transyor:: ,	the r?crdltPcnc_ cf E a r t l c y , anC th#3 fly?-r~Li
05 chc aircraft.

The f a c t s i n B a r t l e y ' s ca sc w e r e p l a c e d b e f o r e

t h e Court by s u b n l s s l o n s from t h e b a r t a b l e , by t5e

t e n d e r i n g o f t-do r e c o r s s o f intei-\rIe:r give? by a a r t l e y ,

and by the tendering of a t r a r , s c r l ~ t o: t:is ren=r!:s nzf:.e

by a S t l p e n d ~ z r y Magistrate on 1 4 DecenLer' 15.77 when

s e a t e n c l n g Bax t l ey in res?cc: of two e a r i ~ e r o f f 2 r c ~ ! s

l n v c l v ~ n g cannabis t o w h ~ c h :-is had c?.?: p:s>-::d qciltp.

Baxt lcy was, at t h e t l - e o f t.1.2 ?r@s*-= of: ;:c,?, a c p ? 21.

B- LL - + l + y --- h282 beer, rzki-c?.c!:cc? f z ~ n ?,:.S e~>l>;:~:..~:.

I n Sylne;' l!~ 1977. 9e t i a s ofi'2i-ed a ] c5 l i ? b:?2 ?:,;rt:'5z.:

T e r r i z o r ? LO ;:c:'.; a s a 1~5;;:-zr, t o hc-l; I n t:? :;zci.~r:-2;1

- -

cf 2 ~ . i ! - ~ k ~ ! l t ~ ? ? qL:.l;li:y ~f ~i:!:.*5..::. :<AS 5%-T c l ~ ?

SyfiriC2y t C . CZr.':lI h 7 1 S z a i ~ l . ?.S d C < C;l:.S ?Y'>'. . :,', . 7 -*:.l,

hc was c;~:~:,??. a;!< cx-.~.-lcizi s X : - - r - ~ . ~ . z L.: F?;:,=. s-S?. r,f

,-.-,

c a ~ l r . a b ~ n a.??, c ? a f i l - ~ L C L ~f :n : :? of U-' -S .-.. r<:Y!l?:::s. L..

C!I-~;TC= C: F7SSC.SS1P; C u T . . ? - - . . c d - ~ ?,c W13 flr.53 Sic;: xL;:

or62rc-7 t z b e ?->!:lsaned 20: 3 rr;z';hs, t .>~= tk- S? i l iS ' ? c -~

o f irr.?rlssnri.er?c $:as s~E?z?-.I%;! f 5 : t l - . ~ ~ h '~1;cn ::L; e ; . -ex~" 3 -

i n c o h i s c:in rccoq:?lzsr.cs i n :-!:a s a x of '$12'3 r o 5.2 o.?

ycc-l b r . h ? . ~ ~ c l ~ ; f o r a perlocl s,F t. o y z z r s . O n t!;e cl::i:?

of usL11~ c3:?11zki-3.c hf: w a z f r i e d $ ; G , r;>:;i-.g $150 :ri a1 l.

He vas c l - ~ e n a i r ~ r . t h t o ? s i r . Iic r,2kizne? t .2 S:;'.7,3:7

skorLly zfker. h l ? sgpeer: ;ITC keToie t!:n C c l z l ; c ? Tet;:~

<. --

S ~ S S I c:-,~ iv. E>.~-;L> zq 14 Cczz : r :x r l. I I . ~ IF. S27c?:.cy, >L?

i n € t V l c t o r Tal:, [:L<:? I::!:.: h ? ncid 5z-n tc; S! hcr~1.

V l c t o z Tzit i s t l l ~ scn of Donal-l 'TJ;~. On i4 ;2nl2?Ty : " E ,

V i c t o r T a i t o f f e r e d B a r t l e y an o p g o r t u n l t y t o t r a v e l

t o Bangkok i n o r d e r t o accompany Donald Talk c n a

f i l g h t frcja Bang1:ok t o A u s t r a l i a carry1:lc: nzr ihr lana.

B a r t l e y a c c e p t e d . V l c t o r T a i t t o l d a a r t l c y t o p i c k

up a d l d t h i s on 16 January 1379. p r e p a i d t l c k e t from Cantas i n Sydney. B a r t l s y

Fie l e f t frr Sar.;ko:: on

18 Jancary 1978. Dona1.d T a l t n e t him e t t h e a ~ r p o r t

and took h;m t o tP.e I r n ~ o r l a l E:ce l and g~,:.: h ~ m 1 , C C O

b a h t , w11:ch 1s aSclct $50, l n a??:tlo- t o FC::.X~J i-'-s

exsenscs . T a l t too:< h171 on: t s t h e 3an5k;r z l r 2 o r t a::d

si?o.i;.2:: hi;n t?? ~ 1 s . r e ~n w l . l = : ~ the!r h,-.rc t c fly C-o

Aus t i - s l l a . ;<e f ~ ; ~ - 3 3 . z cz.':t ?:.lcilz l;,c:.".cr. a r i a

G t l lc?e.:tlTicr.,ti-sr c ~ r d f o r 52:-:lt: , ~51,: :

photoyra;% swhlch Ear~1e- i oatai :?af f o r c h s F Y Y : C ~ ~ .

a i i i - t l -yqs recoc< of i n t e r v l e - : s.k- kzr,;-;-1:.1;

c o n f l r ~ e d T a i t ' s r r c z r d o f lnter-.?:e-: a s t o t he E_.:?.T_S

o f t : l~ l andrng a: fllCJkt to A u ~ k r h l l e , e>:?t??t f 0 L..L ~ z l I ~ ; c :

an A l r Force b=.:.se wk.rrs t i e cazL%iar? >p-- ..C-E

and tin containers csn:;:rr,g b u i C z a s t ~ c l r s v e r e l o d ? r d .

A f t e r T e i t l anded t h e p l ane i n a f l e l c? nz:r i;ath:rl:.s,

Bdr t l ey knev t h a t T a l t u l l ~ d =. p s t r o l line c?. .l?.(? h2

s a : ~ h i 3 S!-.cr,u t h r s e f l z r s s I n t o E:?C c a L ~ n r~i--c.; s:.~~:Crd

a s r l a l l fire 11: khe 17ter1=.r o f cne ~1,::::. E a r t L ~ ~ . z rd

Ta:t pz r t ed cr,npany. Tz3.t ~ C - J C h l ? P ~ I - c : ,217

ws:~'; i n t o i :a thex~: :~. F!? :.,-S a:-i;r-szcLL?;l b:' p s l 1 c+, S u t

h2 g.?vs a false acco:.!:i of: hlp.cnlf . 9il rang 1;:s. T?.L t

i n Sydney c n t h e f o l l o w i ~ ~ day. H e was appre::=nc?ed

a t t h e K a t h e r l n e p o s t o f f i c e . H e gave a r e c o r d of

i n t e rvzew t o t h e p o l l c e ln t h e e s r l y touj:s of Tnesdzy

21: Janua ry l n which he gave a nls!ca?lcg accoun t cf

how hc c a z o t o b e i n Kat'rLermc, s?.yln? t ! ~ a t he had

beer, croployed t o d r i v e t o Sydzoy a v e h l c l e l~aZec ! w:r.!l

marlhuaca. The stateZen'; which a2r r l t t eS c z : ~ s l l c ~ . c y 12

t h e f l i r ; :? t L'rsln Bancj:-:cl: t o ;?ar; lr . ?;,.S ~ l v c : . or: Tt1csd:y

a f t c ~ i l s c n , 21 Jariuary. B a r t l s y ' S c?.-.ns31 ~:?:.~rrn?c! :-: 5

l e a rzc j . s~?r,t~:zcir.g JL:.!~,?, hc: E;-sr, L c,,l: . 2 i r , cf

7 -

t h e ~ ~ C Z R , : Y ? C c - .', 2f i . l tC - ; - l ? : ; :.h 1 ::. L71.1;".+2 il l ; l : l ? i l j

a t a,: P.:r f ~ r c c b e s s t3 F: C': : : 7 t2.z b;lLt..- S :i:':s r:. :,

i t . A.! rzcug!: Eaztley ;aTr2 E:. r- : .<~.:c2 cL:2 l z ~ - ? . z , i

sent-..ic,;-G j j ,'y2 a c t e d cc,.:.? coLrLc:.l's 5 i3':;? ?.?L rt~;!: .X

f r ~ m :~:e 2 5 r - 5 s i c n a s t o t i ;2 1*22<-,:g CL kn: bc:.es

i t t c a c : S . : "L 20 c@:

taks i-? k.0 zccs>x-,? a . 1 ~ ?c j:;+sc::,n c - 1 0 ~ ,c!: 7,s ?.? t?. 2

s e n t 2 c c e I I:OJ:< l npcsc . " I n h ~ f l ~ ~ t s zt?i.cr? C:

inLec\.la~.? E a r t l e : ~ said h e V ' E S t~ ; 3 ~ 3 i . : 7 2 S1,CGS ~ O L - h . 3

services, L.C. f o l d r i - :~ng a v;?-ri: t o S:rdi.:y, n o t

for	L'.
~ . e sci7:lccs t3 ::hr?l: ; i ad.-^-.,.^-.< 12 hi-s s,-ccn,-:.

recc.rC c)? 11: t;.rvle;:. Tkcrc seer.s c- h:.vc Lc:.. '-I~,Tz

- -

n i s c z i ? r s :x.dlr,; C ~ ~ ~ L T X .L 12: i?~:i~-:ey z z ts 3urtl.c.. '

sdnl-.c:o: thzt b.-. K=.: t o L: ;.,?I,.: $1. ,CO!? . I:! t h

couzr.c	cf p z s s l n g ser.t-n:,2,	t!le	lizar:1,:-l ;;..-.':seeing -jl;:lq?
32.11:

"I am t o l d , and f o r t h e purpose o f s en tonc lng

you, I ~111 a c c e p t t h l s , t h a t i n a d e i t l o n t o

t h e f r e e t r l p t o Bangkok you a n t i c l p a k d

r e c e l p t of $1000 o r t h e r e a b o u t s . This may o r

may n o t be t r u e , b u t it does n o t m a t t e r muoh.

I a c c e p t your c o u n s e l ' s subibmlsslons t h a t ycu

a r e a s m e l l f r y i n t h e g e n e r a l o r g a n l c a t i o n ,

t h a t your m a n r o l e was t o a s s l s t i n t h e

f u e l l l n g process and t o keep T a l t com?any."

When a p l e a of g u l l t y a v c i d s t h e necL;slry f c r a

t r i a l , it i s no d o h t cc!.vcnle:?t f o r t h e f a c t s r~le-'-ai.t t o

s e n t e n c e t o be s t a t e d from t h c b a r t a b l e t o t h e c x t e c t t o

whlch t h o s e f a c t s a r e agzeL?d c r , n o t b c x g rsasoi:?ul; c;zr

t o c 3 a l l e n g e , a r e u -cha l l s rczd . B.L? l f one o? tk: p - r t l c s

r u l c c o f ev rdenzs can $ 2 wzi -~ad 1 5 t h e ? rcof t z n d s r z d 1s

s u f f l c l e n t l y ccger- t , bL?: a f l n e l c g cn t k ? r*levz!:: mzt te r c:::??::

t h e b a r t e k l e i f t h ? t r u t h cf t k t ascsi -c l32 IS n3c acc~::Ls-'

by C11.2 o t l l e i p z r t y . ( c f . Lcvelzc!: v. - R. ( I r J i Z : l ? >LX 3 2 1 e k

pp. 332-333; - R. v. P : ~ P . c ! [ 1 3 7 i ] V.R.759 ct p . 7 6 2 ) . 15 C ' i l ~

c a s e , hr,:;*ver, r.s e-v;denc?- w z s c a l l e c t-J r ?sc lv .z tile c l .? l I> > - - " ~,"C<

Even s o , T a i t ' s o:r'n c a n f e s s l o n s h a m t h a t

h i s p a r t i c l p a t ~ o n I n t h e c r l x e was o f c r u c l a l

importance. H e was i nvo lved 12 t h e s ,~:~ggl.~?;j c f

cannabis on a v a s t s c a l e . R e p lanned and a r r a n g s d

t h e f l i g h t l n t o A u c t r a l l a by ~.gkich t h e car.n(?Sis t72s

importer?. T a l t den ied t h a t h ~ p a r t ci:ten&d s k s y o n l

t r a n s p o r t s t x o n , and he a t t r i b n t e d t h e o.:er-all

e n t r e p r e a e u r l a i r c l c t o c t h e r s . The chacgc a;: ~ i s t h?:?.,

howevzr, w a s i m p - t ~ ? 5 n?rc:-';lc cccds. 11: t l CC:-T.~SSL,?I. ~ ~

o f t h z t crl.-5, he \:?S t h e pr~r-:~-,zl. cI:z..?sr. T...;

d	.	o	t h e ,:rcrafk	In'--	cc?~ . rn l - l s?	al1:sp	z . z .2	arou;ll
- - -

Car,'xi? aar,.'	t i .2 ai_.-c..;t c? t'l:	:	-	.	L	-	'	!;~-;,-:.l	:c	? l z z r	...'-. d;.
> . - - -

t h e c r l + i c ? l aC-c:;i s 9 7 ~ r c J. cc:-.: -c-.;: : >L' C: c:.-, ...-. :::

circt,nscL*;ces ~;':llc:1 un2;c; Cki. ?La:. c f c - I ~ : s - ~ - L L _ _ _ . - L _ . _ L F. 1~ '-

1

iinportlrl? a £211 ir:cc! cf ha?('- -, .-.. - st:c:<:: 1ri:z k::2 1 ~ y : l c : ~

pat ro?- leZ arezs 05 nor.;h~r,l A ; ; . t r z l ~ z . T:-.c of

~ n - j ~ ~ \ - ~ ~ 2 d i s r z 5 s i ; sly I .=- - - . - Q - \ * -ad- -.--. - - - I

proccduras i n a n a t t e r i p t t o ?-:=l< d e z ~ c i l c - a ; : a

d e f i a ~ i s e 0 2 t k e d,>fe:-.ce £o:cs: L . L L . - - L . - l . p U h . . - . .

t h e lr?ort:n,; a l r c r e z t 7:as di:2~:2(:. T:?2 c: :sz~ikl=n air

a trim of t>ls 1:.2'1;rr:tudhe ~ e : i c ~ r e d f 2 T.~::ICC, pli.ln:a,y,

ancl t h e o r t ~ ? . : - ~ i z ~ t L O : ~ O E 2 C>,?::: cf zr;:~ j:':iC~-. ,

--- , ,d i l sy~z ' i t l a n l n t c Acc t ra! 12 2.13 tc.: l:u,:, :n ~ ~ 1 - : i i l ~ .

t h l s c c u n t r y . It w?.s a C C , ~ I ~ ~ S : : 1:1522.?? :AG:,~I z?LZ? :l?-?.

The mere r e c i t a l of t h e essential f a c t s makes

i t c l e a r t h a t T a i t ' s o f f ence , a t t h e l e a s t , approached

t h e wors-c class o f o f f ence a g a l n s t t h e r e l e v a n t p r ~ \ ~ , s ~ c c s

of t h e Act . I t needed nc s u b n l s s ~ o n from t h e Crotin

t o make it c l e a r t h a t t h e c i r c ~ m s t a n c c s o f t h e o f f e n c a

were such a s t o r e q u l r e t k a t cor . s ldera t lon be g lven t o

t h e l rnpos i t l cn o f t h e rnaxlri.an sen:?cce.

The r.a:-:murn p e ~ l a l t y pr.-s:r:'-?d fs.: t h e of:=r.cs

o f whlc? t h e dezc.?&2ncs ::;re C~Z;-;Z;:? I ; a fir.?

exczeclil~*; $403: o r 1m;riss~il~er. t for a p;-rlod n n z ~ ~ c - 2 2 L_I j

? -

1 0 y e a r s , cr 53.:-i (Cus tor~r Act l::!, S . 2 5 ( 2 ) 1 , , ,

anendcc by t::e C>lz;clrc l--.::mfi: 78'': S-: 1 5 7 7 , S . I-?) . P : : i ~ r

t c th.2 l 3 7 7 a ? . ~ r?2rent , k!?zs 7 . 1 : ~ ~ tL:> z -.:1rc3:.,; : : ~ x F . ; ,L: L?

respec: OF t h e i l l e g a l 1 - ~ ~ c c t z z ~ c ? o f ar.y n .xcct ;c cc-.<;,

t h e r e b e i n g no c?:s:~rct;on bitwee:.. cr..r.a>is en-l cti-..-r

n a r c o t i c goods ( S . 2 3 5 (l) ( c ) pr1GL- t3 t i ie ai-i,-lCi.-.~:t! .

h'k?!: t h e ar.enc?lng Act car.: 13;o f c r c e on 10 Kove?lker 15 77,

a neTi p e n a l t y p r o v i s l c n :;as scbsu.tute.' f o z S . 235 (l! ( c ) .

The rns:<ir.cn p e n a l t y l n r c s a z c t o' t h e l l l c g a l im>or iz l ~ r .

o f n z r c o t i c 92023 o t h e r L t ~ n c*n: i?h~s tias 1nc:easeJ ts fi

f l n e 53: e;:cr?d;r,~ $130,003 o r lrn;rlsonr.-.~::. f o r a per ic . l

p r e s c r i b z d i n r c s p c c t of Lhc i>;:o-':-. -.? sn of cz;;r.:51.2

sbovn t h e ~~~,~xl . ; l l ln P ~ ~ T : ~ C ) I ! S ~ : J ~rc::cr:.'>?< in rcs~kr+ ' : C C thll

importation o f n s r c o t l c goods o t h e r t h a n c a ~ n a b i s from

t h e c l a s s o f o f f e n c e s f o r which t h e o l d maximum i s

a p p l i c a b l e . T h ~ s amendmect e f f e c t i v e l y increased t h e range

05 s e n t e n c e s w h ~ c h t h e c o u r t s would lmpose i n r e s p e z t of t h e

l l l e g a l i m p o r t a t i o n o f cannabis . The cornnon maximum

p e n a l t y r e p e a l e d by t h e 1977 a r e n h e n t may have been

r e s e r v e d f o r c a s e s cf impor t a t i on of h e r o l n or o t h e r d r u p

o f a more d e r h - u c t i v e n a t u r e t han cannabis. Although i n

Req. v. P e z l ( 1 9 7 1 ) 1 X.S.W.L.R.247 a t pp.255,257, it wzs

s a ~ d t h a t t h e C o u r t ' s a t t l t u c k t o sen tsnc i f iq un2er S . 235 (1: !c)

wes	nok t o ? i s t l n g ~ l s h	b e t r ~ c z n cannabls	2nd	ct!>.?x	d r u ~ s	sc-h
- -

as desccsi-?!line ar-a h e r c l n , t h e t a t t l : ~ ? z wcs nc; con<rli-;r

a c c e g t z 5 ( c f . - R. v. Pierze:: [ L 1 7 1 1 V.2.6.:; aE p.651;

- - \

R .	v.	Jc-;:<:cc	l	? G	r.T . R . 112 e c , - L ? . l ; 2 , ~ ~ : l , .	i.5	t: 2
p-

F u l l Cou-= c f t h e Suprc:ne C s ~ r : - c.: S; -+ :Lds~::%::.?. s a l ! i n

J e c k s c c ' s c:-e: " . . . a c o ~ r : fzced v::t,~ t5.e r -nr - ., - c:

p e n a l t i 2 s ;?h:cil this Act p r ~ y : ~ l l ? s CZ-I c ~ r t d l c l y I?:,, 2s~'drr:

t h a t a l l 5r-ccs r c r e r r e r ! t o a-rs e.;uall; h 2 r r : f ~ l l " . Th:; C s z r t r .

- .

h e l d th:k t r a f 2c::ing i n lcss !;arcL'~l Ltucs w;.s "c<;i:-ecz~!:~::.;

l e s s s e r i o L l s W t h a n trafjr'zc%l;rc; i n ot!:cr dru<;z L:: c g n t r ~ 1 c ~ : ~ c r .

of S . 23:a of t h z C~st-.cr.s Ac: . Althc :'2'i1 a l e 1 9 7 7 a!'-??:l.:.: .l+:

---L

increas t -d t h e rar.ze o f i;t?nalt:os wh~z?. ~ l ~ l i ' c be irr.;ssc-?, c:??

cr l -cu?~skznccs o f each c a s e .

Case f ? l l ~ . ? g W.' t h n t h e rcl,:-, ??lt i)i3il~:-,iL1o:l. T!:t7

sen tences imposed (see R. v. McYahon (1978) 1 9 ALX 4 4 8 ) .

-

T h e p r e s c r i b i n z of a maslxLn p e n a l t y i n r e s p e c t o f ar.

o f f e n c e n o t on ly marks t h e l i m i t s o f t h e c o u r t ' s

d i s c r e t i o n a r y power a s t o s en t ence , i t a l s o o r d l n a r l l y

p r e s c r i b e s what t h e pena l ty should b e i n t h z wors t type

o f c a s e which f a l l s w l t h i n t h e re?-evazc c l a s s oL o f f e n c a .

I n Reynolds v. \v'll:k.-nson ( 1 9 4 5 ) 51 TT.A.L.R.17 a t 7 . 1 2

D.qrer C . J . saici:

" I t r s y 5 e szlc? t;:zt it : S t h a ;?liry Q: -;h-

l a v t h z ~ t i l s E>::::-,a a r e 1 n t k n f ~ - 2 f a r c.12

w c r s k c~zsn; O: t > e s c r : 3 l d t::?t f - z s .

- - -

or;azeezs s ~ J T - I ~ ? , l n tl-,e abrexz-: of sgeci::

mai l g ? e ; ; r y , D.= t r e , ~ . ; ~ c y . : t , i ~ ~ r 2 - l C l . 2 ~ - 2.17 - .

thal: c - 1 e r s . ZII?I hc- f ?.r t n e pv.-? ::-..-.X :

shc--;i rzc::.- f.:,.-. t1.2 7,:. : - . - I>: 1.: 2 r . r L

partic;:;-r cl;> 1 s 2 n z t t s r 5r:: +-!-c. & r ~ r : ~ 2:-.

of t:iz trLL.?::. Ai. tr7-21 2:-c: 2 7.;~L: L L . ~ ? ~ ? . c -.

i s l G - l . C c . S.:?

SZ!72 sI??::2'- c 2 c . ,:,?t:.c!l hL-,*? r,>t e:,:~:'!; ::-,LA

P -

CG-?~,?!:: e r c!:zrL. :=r: S -l.-:, ~ i - i 2 GLZ~:>:E . 5 ~1:s

2:f Lsl- ~n t?.~?' ,:el-;CS.

because a ...: o r s e cat: c ~ u l d be i;nagln?c',. Tnat p~,::,.:s-t~r,:~

WES, i n o u r vl=-.r col---- A = ~ - l g , -+ r e j e c z o d by t h e C c 3 i r ; ci

The Qusen (ui:=e;.~r:,:J, 3 :::y 1073; , a casc o f her*^:.?

i r ; ~ l o r t a t i o n zor.t*-:~.->n-- L\Ail -. 0: ~ . 2 3 3 Z i L , [,-?> C: L : : :

The submission, I t h l n k , i s based upon a

f a l s e premise . h naxlnurn s e n t e n c e p r e s c r l c e d

by s t a t u t e i s n o t r c s c r v e d f o r t h e w c r s t

o f f e n c e o f t h e k ind d e a l t w l t h by i t t h a t can

be imagined. I f such were t h e c a s e it would

n e v e r be imposed as t h e a d d i t l o n o f f u r t h e r

non e x l s t l n g bu taaggrava t lng c l rc1n .s tancss

would never be beyocd t h e r e a c h o f imac ln-c lcn .

The t r u e r u l e as I un2erstar .2 l t 1s t h a t t ! ~ e

maximun s e c t e n c e should b? r e s e r v e d f o r t h e

w o r s t t y p e o f c a s e falling within the! p r o n ~ b l - r l a n

o r , a s i t i s expressed by Duyer C . J . I n I<+~:?olds v.

Wl lk ins=n , (19.18)	51 W.A.L.R.17	a t p . 1 8 ,	' f o r th2
-p---

w o r s i cases of t h e s o r t ' . Tha t c.:presslc:l s.:oic12

b e anders tood t o be ::,:r?lng c u t a r a n q e a1.i an

---

L L C ? may be !~ l t :? ln i c n c t r : i t : : s 4 : : - , C.!? fezt

t h a t i t coclr2 have b e e r t;ors> t:;rra i t vzt;.

t y p e .

approaci~r,_i th? rcs= serl.;~?: ty?-. o f c r i s e t c \;:?ic:l t!-,e ~2::-.!K:?

as t o Ync d c l e k e r i o u s e f f e c t s o f C ~ Z Z Z S L S . T2.c r ,?:-~,-znt V - ~ , I

I n t h a t r e g a r d i s t h c t ~ i h i c h ha5 Lee;; e ;<r1-~sse3 . 5;. t.:%

s e r j c ~ i s r : e s s Q,' t k s c:c:12~ct 5 5 7 \;?::c11 t h e l,::> e s C. ."- - -=- .... - 3 . Y . 1;:

t h e s t a t u t e h ~ been s v lo i a>c2 .

There zrc ~I-ZLL?C. ; f o r cor.ci~.:,:?-; th;: ' ;?L? IIZL-JYF.

defendant had t h u s f a r c a r r l e d o u t ; t h e r e was no e l emen t

of v i o l e n c e o r corruption of n a r c o t i c s a g e n t s . There i s a

f i n d i n g t h a t T a i t w a s n o t t h e instigator nor m a s t e r m x d

of t h e i m p o r t a t i o n . These c o n e i d 2 r a t l z n s t e n d t o s u p p o r t

a conclusion t h a t , even i n T a t ' s c a s e , t h e c i r c u x s t a n c e s

do n o t r e q u l r e t h e imposition of t h e maxlmux s e n t e n c e .

B a r t i e y i s c l e a r l y i n a l e s s e r c a t e ~ o r y .

On t h e o t h e r hand, t h e d e t e r r a n t Z s s e c t o f ~ c n ~ o h a ? n t

i s o f pr lmary irn2orkance i n ca ses o f t h i s krl'5. The sezyenc:?

shou ld ? e ~ o n s t r z t e t o o'chers ternstes t o eniJzcje i n ~ ~ . : C S C P . E S Z

on a v a s t s c a l s t h e t t i e pcr.~shi;;enk ts 52 ~r,c;?; ;<;:l 123

c a l c u l a t - 2 t o pro<-zz s o c ~ e Z y frc;r; +;:-IS C d l l L c r ~ : ? a L t ~ c ! r

made upor? lt. P?lle:? zr. or:e-li:,-2, c<,stL2- azC co!~:::.:: G:?C ,? :~

i s contsi.1~latec7,, che r i s k cf a; ?r.:!-t-.~s:r~a &;.C t::? sc-;-cr;t~

o f punis;~..c-nt 1s e-ra1szl;e-l; a23 tk.;s -,:-;c:e cl-. '-a ,, r.c oc: ?.r

c l a s s o f c z s c l c w!lich t h e ? - . t e r r snc e f f s - t cf 3.2n_s-::~i.1:_

can more ccnf~Ll.;r.:ly be i.ssc.eL t - 2 07-ia-:e. TF.cse i:o

d e l ~ b s r a k z l y cIlcz;s t o r3.l t h e risk o_' ~ u r : ; 52: --:]L i n oi ::.r

t o a c q u i r 2 a p r o r i t f r o x t h s vsntnrc cacno t p s l r t ts

m i t l s a t i n , - c l rc~Ts ' ; a r , ccs o f t k? s o r t ..:h;ch s:ar? :,'c52 C I : ~ ? . ? ~ :

offer.?cr- i n good s t e a d . Ths exkent ts :?hlch a ssr.t?il<;.

r ecedss fro^ t h e rr.axinun: i n c2sc.s oE t h ~ s k i s d i s l i . ~ i t r

by t h e n e c l s s l t y t o irncosc scr,:..;~lccz of ur.ei:i:~~~cc~.l sa:7?:~?:7

ac, t h z r c s t e f f ~ c l ? n t n22!:3 ~ ~ ~ i i ~ t ' > l _ ; l c2 t h ? r-?il::is tij

enfol-cc t k e rele-z.=n'i p r o h l : ~ ~ t ~ o n . C - i r at+.e:~"isr. ::L- rllrccc--C

t o a n c ~ b d r oT u;:rc;;orted d c c ~ s i - ~ n , c: P . u r ; - ~ - , - . l i . z ~ c s u t - t q

w!liz!l e>.pr,..;sec? o r ayp1ie , l t:i:s ap i~roach :r:~e;l ~?~?11_!: j l:llt.':

drug trafficking on a l a r g e s c a l e . I t i s a sound approach.

I n o u r n e w , t h e l e a r n e d sen tenc1 .n~ judge c o u l d n o t hzve

g iven t h e deterrent a s p e c t of T z l t ' s ser:ter,ce t h e w5ic;ht

whlch was r e q u l r e d by t h e n a t u r e of t h e c r l n e and h l s

p a r t i c i p a t i o n i n i t , f o r t h e s e c l r c u n s t a n c e s l e a d t o a

s e n t e n c e w h ~ c h must appro-ci-, c1oscl:r to t h e inz::l!'?uT. The

s e n t e n c e whlch he i r p o s e e should c o t be a i l ~ w c d Lo S:-.-.a:?2,

an2 i t b e c o r z s t h e d ~ t y @ E this C c z t t o 1-.-10~3 t h e

ap?rsprle:c s c a t ? c c e .

C O - ~ s l d e z a i l o n r-,nsz h l s o tc c lven ts t h e f i : :~? ; of

a non-paro le p r r l o d . Tte du",, ,, t o s ~ 2 c ~ f y ? r i m - p r o l e ~ c i l 0 2

S - ,

1s ir.;osed 5: t he :S": c,'-r-ira';lrz c_' 3.4 L, ( 2 ; cC tk.2

Cord:on;~ealt!i F1 :a=??:? F.,-?- i 9 6 7 3r.l s . 4 0: t5.3 P? 1 2 of

- - -W-.--- -- -

P r l s o . ' e ~ s 0:t7.r-i..:lc2 1376 (U.T.) . KO ds1.5L a,: C>;CCL c: i-:rf;:-

- --.-p

i s t c a j 2 111 t:l= rs:~ah'l~t?.t-loi-, C C 2 p r i z t z - v r ~ - (I;.. - v. Cur-e-l

[ l 9 7 5 1 V . R. 6 4 7 ) , b u t <;?,cr. t:le of.iz:~cs 12.-01- V * = dr-27

t r a f f i c? . l ng , r ~ h a b i l ~ z a ~ z c n all: t b 2 bilc!?ced aqsi.?s L

need t o pr3v;'.?s	a c l e a r ?~':eric:.t (R.	-	v.	Elro?;~ (1377) 15 A;?
--p

E8 a t p . 9 l ) . T ~ I : ~ : I t i le coci-t 13 no-; t o z;:,?nr, eit .3: t I ? : t

r e l c z : . ~ f rcm c.~,;toc?y a t t h z e:rF=.,-l--?.a.; c: 2 ncn-;ar-lz peric.?.

IS a p r l s o c c r ' s r l g h t , o r t h ~ t t::~ p a r c l c c.:tils::t;zs w ~ l i

o r c i ~ q a r ~ l y gzcr.'_ p z r ~ l s z t ti:-.,-..; tlr? ( P . - v. P : [13il]

---

. .

V . R . 6 5 6 ) , t!;? n c q - ~ a r c l e p r i o i . ::.S: be cl;::. a; t c ~ p:,:v-,,: I

C - ., i

ce1131g2 pun:sr.:-:;nt. Ir. ? ~ . , , ~ z r V. ~ : ,e CI.::.?~, (l>, -, 13: C.l . .R.

--

613 a t p . 6 2 7 , L<?r~,:~c'-: C..?. ?>;l 1 -.n .l;:~, S t > ~ ! ~ z n < : a i.!asa:l LT,'

"The judge, i n f i x l n g a non-parole p e r l o d , mast,

w e b e l l e v e , have r e g a r d n o t t o t h e t lme wl-hln

whlch t h e p a r o l l n g authority m c s t c o n s l l e r t!le

p r i s o n e r ' s c a s e b u t t o t h e t une f o r which t h e

p r l s c n e r must remaln i n confinement. The

l e g l s l a t d r e l a c l e a r t e r n s . . .provided thal; tlls

t r i a l judge should d e t e r x l n e t h a t n l n l ~ ; . 1 ~ F e r l c d

f o r which l n h ~ s j u d c a r n t , a ccg rd lng t o acce? t sd

p r l n c l p l e s of sentencing, t h e p r l s o c o r s : ~ o c l d be

l rnpriscned ..."

" I n a t r k e s ense t h e con-par912 per'cd i s 1 !nanl?.;r

p e r l o d o f lnipri.son;,>:?t t o be se rc2d beta-sc t:, 2

. -

sentz:c:r?T >ccr,e cciaic: trz t n z t t!ie cc:: 2 cs-:::tz- i

c d l l s f a r skch ds:::-.:;cl?.

NG: do wc c.:3.r7rst:?J !?C.? l t i s szi6 r,;,.; t;e

f l :<lng o ? a n'.?-sar?:,= ~ - - r l c Z 1s no.: c;n::--!:?< - -

V l t L l c,.;zr-rr.c c, t:;cr t , . L r r - - --,- -- 7 - -1.. -

yL-- c: cL:h:.:,7

fycy1 s.-?.zo. s.:z7:- t:,: r2<.L:lrei,,5:t 5-G. : ,i g : - , c. c: : .

-

S!!..: S;;%:.: 15 :>::-rly.e-,;:;.-, f z r S? , - * ?%:L:.;,: 3: - , ; > .

. - -

J 11.c<= t o b.2 E?; c>,-, : < 2:: 1:: L L L 2 ; L22al:: ::,(:Lc , 2.

o ~ f r c i t ? ~ 2 : s ,; a i _ = k 2 r l r . = t,:21. t o aL:.j = I : ' - - - - - - 8 - "'

g a k s t a be C.?C~-I~?,: z,:;,~:='- G.; S->.: a s t~.:? > -. - - :l , . ..L,

'

t h a t 1.5, !-Le2 t h o pzlrcl ! 2 ; au~. l - ' - -~ ' -y - 1125 :L

ccr.sl.l== w::e;bir t;:; se:-.Lcr.:2 s!;c.ulc: t : 5 1 - ;,:,f 111

C O ? . Ts ti:e e.:z;-.; t c wk,1cll r:,?:~rrcnc? I:

a n c 'ojecc of 1--,?;sox::?, the:] ,m K - : : ~ f : : L : . : i -.. L .%L<!?2 , - - :

a ~ h i . ? ~ . o f rzlc;-a;? fcr a 1'3.1~j2r tl:..?, r?-:.;2: t:12:-

a s i r 2 , 1 , - h ? t.lrt c b ? ? ~ ~ i ~ S . "

The f ~ c t s o f T a l t ' s case, c o c s i < ? r e 5 lr. t 5 e 1~5jY.k o f t l i~ ; ?

Parole o f P r i s 5 n e r s O:?~l-,a?r? 1 9 7 i , which pzcvi2zs t11::t th2

- -

dut-7 t o fl:: a ncn->ara!e ><.-.-L.:: c72:s ncl; ;;-,?ly "??tt;: col:::

t h e 1e-lrr .d s ~ ? t - . n ~ ? n y ]u:,-.c t l ; - l - - - ? ?zr . -~ : , i -c l -~- A x ~ 7 - r ; : S ~ s ~ i - 3

of t h e view t h a t t h e flx1r.g o f a non-parole per103

was war ran ted . Those f a c t o r s have, howeve:, l e d us t o

g i v e w e i j h t t o t h e p r o s p e c t o f T a i t ' s r e h a b i l i t a k l o n ,

and t o f l x a non-parole p e r l o d acco rd inc ly . The

a p p r o p r i a t e s e n t e n c e , a f t e r t a k i n g l n t o a c c o c z t t h 2

t i m e t h a t T e i t s p e n t Ln cus toey be fo re beF:-.s ser . tzncdd,

i s a tsm of 111~r~sonrnen t f o r 8 ye-L'S al!d 8 r.o:lt:ls, 2x6

a non-parole p ~ r i o c ? o f 4 y e a r s ~ r . 2 4 1 - . 0 1 7 ~ 1 , ~ s ; > r ~ ~ : L

f l x e d .

B e r ~ l e y strL-.ds 12 a dlf fmzrr3:?t ;)cs:~.:T,c. HI;

~ a r t i c ~ p ; . l ; i c n :<?S 0' 3 nu,-:? lo . - - r srte; .X.< t::~; s:l.:cl-(l

he re::sc?~3 by L?- S?:IX:~CC 1r:;z::i (?2.:1 7 , . 2.- (l>, :j:

-- -

7 Ai3 5 2 ; ; . H r s L ~ L U - ~ ~z G C r c i ? :L.::.;- Ies-. ~ 1 , ~ ! ~ ? 3 .??c:

t han T a ~ t ' s , an2 i c h1.i aTe, h2 c : 2-13 h.2 9.. ;sn y e t

anot!:ez c)pzL-::il:::~ t o SCZII a l ; l - :-25iZ~:-: , ~12:? :T. ~ " z i e t l .

E a r t l e y ' s cas,? 1 s ~1;~~rif ic: : ' i ly d..?-- . ,Li?~13; fl-c;- T a l L L ' S

c a s e . Th,: coma.! fearrure i s , of c o z r s z , t!la: t h s c:r,d~c;l

o f eaz; cor.- ,cl~ute3. p a r t i c l p a t j c n :P :ha s x - 2 crlr;,e. I t

was zrcc-cl t h a t E a r t l e y ' S ;)art; z ~ s a f ~ c r . 12 t h e c r l r . e ,

t11011gk O T l c s s slg: i~fi . ; .ance t:lrn T L ~ = ' s , s ; ' c L I I 1 3 ~ ::l-"s-:cd

w i t h cr,i;,;arable L: c o t eq;:l! s r v c r l t y . Rell;-.s!:~ ;.LZ >lzzc:l

on - R. v . K?.'-s:r;: an.? Or:->:r: [ l5641 3 P-1'. T'R 2 7 : ( th: 9i.cZt

--

t r z i r . rc>:>,-z:r c,:.:~) i,.-.?.c:~ 1 ; ~ s s z l C CO e::p:c :;S 2 S -:-<2:1.;:!:

~ r l l : c 1 ~ 1 2 r c l z . t l~? r j t o val:y1A-.9 ?cq;:.zs G,' pzrJ-'.c1p? -'c? ~ i ?

massi;..- c r I rnr a1-d requirln!; t!:c 1 ~ ; ~ o . ; i t l c ~ , i of \c;-y 12 - Z Y I ~

s e n t e n c e s . The c a s e a g a i n s t B a r t l e y was n o t s o p r e s e n t e d

b e f o r e t h e l e a r n e d s e n t e n c i n g judge, and, f o r t h e r e a s c n s

e a r h e r s t a t e d , we do n o t propose t o e x a a l n e t h e s u b i n ~ t t s d

p r i n c i p l e o r t o interfere wlth t h e s e n t e z c e i n ~ ~ o s e d upcn

B a r t l e y on	t h e grounds	t h a t i t shou lz have been	a p p l l e d
t o hzn.

The c a s e p r e s e ~ f e z a g a i n s t B a r t l s y c c z t a l c l y

showed a d z s r e e o f involv~; -22% w h ~ c h ;7 . - , ; r w e l l h-.-2

r c s u l t c d 1;: aTre s e r i o u s ~ . ~ n l s h r n c ? t t.:?:~ h i s 22:-.scr Z.::-CS~:,

f o r prc-;LOGS 5003 c~rc? , ;c t ~ l ~ , ~ z s n J iri:-~?12:/ *.:z:; sc7;c:-

p u ~ i s h r -.nt i n ca55c o f th;s l -? r~2 . -. s sc"'=- U i ,.c ... C? . i Zq

., 7 . .C'

ccr=?! :-,l:, 1t "'-2 1~ ; ' o ; er.3 c f t!-.-. r:-7:. :lc\.i.'~.-l-, :.-. 2

aclclz r.ii? s.lbin:ir?2 sz,-.ts:?clr L $ pZ:l-2 ~ 1 2 , t>..2 S,di.Zy.*.':~..

i k s c l f d r e s cc:: c2n;feet =o o c r s a t - s f s c t : a > th27: i : i ~

Bocguz's Z--scrc+.lol ~ 2 5 a fLec te3 b: err-or i:l 22:"1 8 q . ' ~ C 2 2 , J

( c f .	>::rI-.~l	V.	B!-o:!n	(1 '177) 17 P.i?.	6 2 3 a t ' p . E 2 + '	.	i;e
--

woul l ?:.c!ni~s t!le a 2 ~ n c l L A 111s c.351.

Cur conzlusror? a; t o tk,e z,j::rc:rl-;,c ~c:.'~2:-.?e

and a s t o t h e f l x ~ n g o f a n sc -p r ru l e ~ - 2 r l c 2 i n Ttit's cc 2

wzs, 2s w e have. l nd~c5 t . - r l , a f f e c t e d 1.: pzrt i'y t:.?

~nfc:.t:klcn furn;s:'le2 t o us ~ 7 . ~ 1 t o ::Ie l;.zrn.-5 E ~ ~ Z C I I C : ~ . ;

]uc?cje i n conf:A-.r::e. To d2ny t h e --';l:c kr.-..l?5?? c E ~ n :

p z r t C C tile p i -~c?eLl?~;s c? a c0ur.r. is 2 rrc>.:1;-,r o i gZLZ--~t;.,

espcc-.zll:/ v,i?::r.; t l~? C G L ~ Z L 1s e::s~c::-:;j c:~mi:;~l

j ~ c i s 2 c t19o . I t i s c!es:r?:lf t?,.it ! rr,..;+ so-:.: ~ ? < S Z C . " I ~

t o tilz d l f f i c j l t p-oczd-cj l qu~s t10 : : s !::il:;; 2rLS2 'W'"?::

a n app!. 'at l r )n 1s mz5e t h - t a c c , . r t 5 it. I ,: c2x:ra.

I n o r d e r t h a t a c o u r t may accede t o an

application t h a z it s i t i n canc ra , i t must appea r

e i t h e r t h a t t h e r e i s a s t a t u t o r y p r o v l s i c n which

e n a b l e s i t t o do s o , o r t h a t t h e c a s e f z l l s wlt l?lr .

one of t h e " s t r i c t l y d e f i n e d excep t ions" ( a s Lord

Blznesburgh 2esc r ibeZ t h e x 1 1 1 ?!c?nerson v. C : C ? ! ~ ~ L S G ~

[ l9361 A.C.177 a t p.200) t o t h e r u l e t h a t t h e pxsce?di?;s

o f c o u r t s o f l u s t i c e s : lo~lc? t-. cczcicctscj. "p~!;!;l:f::~r an2 i::

open vie'r" ( S c o t t v. S c o t r [ L9131 A . C . 4 i 7 +t p.4 :L;.

Apart f r c z s t r ? t u t ~ , a courc 1':s r.c d i s : * r ~ k i < n L:; tm:

Dlckas9r. -- (19i.3) 17 C.L.3.50 6 : p.51 P z r - c n A.(:. j., s:->?!<:.-.:

wltil t h a cc:-,curz~r.cc cf t h e c;;i ,~z :Lsi-.:ze.; c: t;! 2 ;?:~!h

Cour t , s a l d :

"The r:l;ter a;,yr,rs t o Le c~:?zluL: by t.?; ;~-T<#;--E .t;

02 t h e i c z d s 111 S C O Z ~ V. Sc13zt l . , ::l=

e f f e c t o f w h ~ c h 1 s t , i~: tnerc 1s cc, l!::-Lcl.?>= 2c;;:r

i n a Cour t o f j u s t l c c ro e.:c;uCo t'-.-. F';';! L :,

lnasmuch as o . 1 ~ of t h 2 ror,z-.i cLt::k>,ltcs c? a

Cour t i s p u 5 1 1 c l t A ~ , t :>zt l s , t!ic a&rilzslcr . C? ?-!l2

p u b l l c t o a t t e r d c-le F::Z:.E?~;R.-J;. F'zc;cr z,>

e:tcluc'.e nzir be cox;-.rr-r'. e::-z?ss:y by li.', 5 u t

t h e r e i s no 1 ~ v ' whic?~ cr,:.m.,:rs I?? .-, t Frccz - s Z

o th?n? l ; e t;:a ~ r l t : ~ t!;? orS:nacy p~' l j l : cc11::- oL' a

Cour t o: l u z t l c e . I,

UDrc x e c e r ~ t l y , i n P.uss-.I 1 v. X-~:;.:ll (107:) 1 ? J L - L . R . < ? ? ,

-- --

t h e 11: L !? ; Ccui-c 1:rts ngal!? a f f l rn~c? ~!.GC c,ic p::'~;--? c c ? < ~ ~ ?

and a p r c v l s l c n vjhicll \131i:d have rqi. l l :3c? t ' . ~ SII:;:~:I'C. CC!': :S

i n c l o s e d c o u r t was h e l d r n v a l l d . Glb5s J . said a t p.520:

II It i s t h e o r d l n a r y r u l e of t h c Supreme Cour t ,

a s of t h e o t h e r c o c r t s o f t h e n a t i o n , t h a t t h e i r

p roczedlngs s h a l l bc conducted 'publicly and l n

open n e w ' ( S c c t t V. Scoc t [l9131 A.C.417, a t p . 4 4 1 ) .

Th i s r u l e has t n e v l r t n c t n a t t h e proceedings o f

evc ry c o u r t are f u l l y exposed t o p s b l l s and

professional s c r L t l n y ail? cr;t--is:?, wlthouk wh-ch

a b c ~ , s mey f l o u r ~ s h u n d e t e c t d . Furt l l"r , the puL11c

adai .n lsr r a t l c c of )us t l c c t ends t o n a i n t a l n

confidence i n t h e i n t e g r l t g and L.??=~CC.?~:CO of t k ?

court.; . The f a c t t h a t c o u r t s o S L ? ? arc- k.?ld c;.,-.nly

and n o t l n s e c r e t i s a.1 a s s e r t ~ s l a c 7 c c t o' khnlr

c h z r a c t e r . I t d ? . s t ; c ~ ~ ~ . ; ! ? e s tii~1: z r - t l ~ : - t ; e > L . -

from those of afi-.'.nlsl;c?.r~"e c: l ;c~zls, L,.,>. '~~.il:l-c~~ty

i s t h z a~ t : l r ; . z t l c h s ' i -~ ; c i : 0; :'-lc;-:~eL a; eLs : ~ 7 ~ t

A

11?~3~-12':1y t 2 S;: 12 c:c:j;:< C C - . : ~ L; r o z!L-:-i : k: : .

n e t c r e c£ L?; c?.;r:. Of t ~ c r s e :- - -= er,3 .;.S :?L; : s ! T , ~ J

e::cz:: t ~ ~ r . 3 t: L 12 c - : : : : I-: 1 zc l? t-.<:~ :-x:c~-.:

py-c-: :- : , L. ; S.->., 1 5: :: - c - - - = - .L-: L.? : -=:L,., 3 :,-l t--<

~?:;2.r,.,~r:. o f st..;.r? C . ,:-I - : : .. a : . 1: 2--- cl,:.,:*- '-5 bt-.?

p- U. -1 .A.. - > 3 C.., . . l . ,- i..c :;,::c E2 - L-. , . 5 = 3;': ."' .- -

c , , - * , UL - - L.1- LL . . . _ - _ > _ . L --.-. 7-., c rr. & , - A - 7 7 - : , .-

d ; . l l c ~ ~ ~ ~ , m7.y 1;: S=--? c,:.- = S ,?e =:.:L? ;:.c C-; cm:- #',CC ;:

des~; - , i>7 ,3 :CL- 2 r2t---?:, 01- p;rc of :L, t*> :c : ; r e 1 2 L:.

clcs5.; c c ~ . r t . "

from t h e strist l :~ 2eTjn:d e::cei:'c:or.s, u, ,2r i :=~zr .x;z . j

s a n c t l c n i s rzqu:..e? for t h 5 F?: :C~~ISLOP- C? t h e , - ~ l ' > l l c L- -- 51: r .~

proceell.>;;aM (per SLe>>zz ,J. , ~ . L T Z S ~ l l. I-. ?2c; ' ;<- ' l , ECL2La, a=

--- - -

p.533) . I n S c o t r v. Szc t? ;~!,rr., tile re.%.-,. fc,: =lie

--

1no2lfy 1;: w s r ~ . l . ~ ~ i ~ ~ > . - t l - ; ~ T . : : L L - ~ S = < : L L 7 - 2 CLl 2;

" 'Publicity i s t h e very sou: o f j u s t i c e . I t i s t h o

k e e n e s t s s u r t o e x e r t i o n and t h e s u r c s t o f a l l

gua rds a g a l n s t impiobi ty . I t keeps t h e ju2qe

h imse l f whr l e t r y l n g ur.der t r i a l . ' 'Tne s c c u r l t g

of S ~ C : ? Z L % L E S 1s p u b l ~ ~ i t : ' . ' Bsi a ~ c n g s t

historians t h e grave and e n l ~ g h z c n e d vczC;ck of

Hallarn, i n whlch he ran:cs t h e p u h l ~ c l t y c:

j u d l c i a l procsed;ngs even h ~ g h e r t h a n t h e rights

o f P a r l ~ a m e n t a s a gua ran tee o f public s e c u r l k y ,

i s n o t l i k e l y t o be f o r g o t t e , ~ : ' C ~ v . ~ l l l b e r t : ~ Ln

t h i s klncjdorn has two d l r z c t guarz?,:c-:S; the os,2n

a d m ~ r . ; s t r a t i o n o f J U ~ ~ L C Z accoi-2l::; t~ ;:il~;-n 12::s

t r u l y i n c e r p r s t c d , acd fa:= conskra- t -c?s oT

evide-ce: an2 t h e r l q h t o f P a r l l i z-... t, i ; ~ t h c . ? = 1 5 ~

or i n t c r r u p t l o i . , t o i a q u l r c I n t o , C : ; C ~ ? J ~ : I

r e d r z s s o f , s u b l ~ c g r l z v c ~ 2 s . Of L.:L~,:. L.- :

f l r s r i s by f a r t h e mos: ~ r . Z r c ; e ~ ? .hl:: ncz c:..

t h e su>.j?ck= c h i y S t z t c 5.: r2i:- ,.!=l; ;: . : m : ; ; ?: a

r e 2 1 fi&e<GZl, ~+l-.s:~ ccr.L..klr-? L; r . 5 ~ A't:,~::,L

h c t h l n I.L:S 1.1?1~?5.: 15: : i = l : . t i > ' 5 C V : < Lr. E;~:--.

cons t znk exc i c - se . '

- .

I S . l 5 ;:: sl.-- - -=L -,: (: 5 ? u L -

speck o f t h :

E.;,:=:

--,>'.;. ~-?::z.?t:,- ,

L:,

T.

.

-

;

,

:

;

-. -

.

- .-

m

d o b t :.;,L; t . lLS L;.- .C.. l L : L - L c < 8 C l L _ : . ..

ar.2 i --2 .:3l7:l3< z f 3; C ' : . -1, ,:I.+.:.- . I: Z,-,~Z c ..S

i;hlt:.; 1 2?.37;3 < ~ 3 , ' - l ' ; - , ?l,-- - 1 - .- . . - m : L 2 - -C; .-

t!l? 5z.L: 3: c>.r2 S L L :7. c::.,::::~~ ,::2---\-7 5rc , l L:.

15:. ClZ::. - a:,>a p: ; L;; .>L -.: - y l - . : t r c-.; r-

of	- a c-L>sLz;.: 2.::	,- -2: ,	- - L	.- --	. >	r.c.;>,=.:k.
, -- I ,. :-

T h e ~ >

L ? na sr*~:-L:*: C2:1;2?:

cf L

:

:

:

~

,

-

:

.-d.-

-..-.L

L:!:=

.c

W ~ L C ~ pL2tZ?~<: 1). :; :v: :;;' L:L;C:~, : < . ' . , : ! L CS7-<.- v -

S

r u l e s L E p:c~c,:.-.::s, ??S 7.5 =!!S I.:-.z+-:~ -, -- -- C.: 2 ':..?es

thcr-sl- :>s. I :l.>:= s: :y Y-:.-kl:7 ~ i \ - k 1 c'-I-..': c:: 2

el:cro lc:-.,:en.-r, h,-.? trA;.-z : dcs L.; . F - , G? 2 ';,.?-. 2 -2;-

prac?,: :rc l n SIX?: 2 v!:.y 2 , : , i!-.~e.;;~ zly a= f - - ~ : s z ,

but nc: clln,r .- . t ~ n : 1.1 t : ~ ? 2cc:3:>.1 :.--;'c ,- s-c-15 , ! >

- -

t~ lr::21~ t h e ric:::*:s, S . l : * : . ?-:.L I ~ - ~ > < : ~ I c : t y .3

c l t r z e . ? znCi t h e o;.?~? a:,. .r-s.izut~r?,l 3: 7 x 3 11. . '

"...I wish t o guard myself a,;alnst t h e F r o p o s l t ~ o n

t h a t a judge may b r l n g a ca se w i t h n t h e c a t e g o r y

of e n f o r c e d s e c r e c y because he t h l n k s t l i a t j u s t l c c

cannot be done u n l e s s i t is heard i n s e c r e t . I do

n c t deny lt, because i t i s imposs ib le t o p rove what

cases mrght o r might n o t be brouqht w l ~ k n t h a t

c a t e g o r y , b u t I shou ld r e q x r e t o have b r c u j h t

b e f o r e ne t h e c o n c r e t e ca se be fo re I cou ld e s p r o s s

an o p l n l o n upon it. Your Lordahlp has s a l 2 cha t s.

mere d e s i r e t o consider f e e l l n g s o f delicacy o r t o

exclude f r o n p u b l l c h e ~ r l n q d n k a i l s w h i c h 1t w o u l d

n o t be d e s i r a b l e t o pc51lsh i s n o t , i n y r u z L o i d ~ l ~ i p ' s

op in lon , enou$ll t; provent a FL!LIC hecfr lng, [:?i:c'1

must	be	l n s l s t e d on	i n z c c o r 2 ~ ? c c	w ~ t t	t r c ru;u
- -

whlc!~ covzzns t h e gz:lerzi ' , r~ce?d iz 111 s . ~ ~ ; ~ : : i l ? C'ci lr ts

of j u s t i c a , anll 'c:::: t o : u s ~ l f y a:! ~!:<4c f o r : " .C- .C: :>~

i n cJ.:lera lt r.lJSi: i,c si1ef.<l 'LiiZ? ti?? p;..-.T52P4: C.:;?LZ

. .

of sc?curlx: t! lht 3 L T T - L-e I.:: ?,-!:C 1;521,1: r~i.l-;l "-2

r ead=rcd ?ou'3Lf::l of cl;tz::.?::t.

2 7 . - = - - cu:.:-. i :lz\-e 11: ,:cc-?L:::? c!?: : ?.F 2

-

s.:frlicl.er: E.C~QZ:.-::C:L C < t!?2 1:: 15 t - i . . : c:.: < < m : , :

i z ~qh: CL: - ,;L.- L~irn?~:-.l.:J ?.::S 'L . : r.! (1: :,-, r!,,: r -.A 2 ; :+

of	S	..\,:<>	?;>:,?	! C - ,	:	:	<:, ??*,- 7 K:: -,:	,-?.l:::	7 , ,-c ,7 -
> -: -

m a 3 - h ! l a ; , l fly ! - + . . , L ! L...,

d ~ e s	r - ~ : wa.:ra:?:.
I 2,- n c -7:,:c.: -, .l- t:> c::<., # - x . 2 . . . :o:-L.:'.l:- S

-

- .

lanq~:?.~?, -:!-.:c;I, 2 3 ;-c>~r L>:( :I:> : <I::: 2:s L 12.2 7- . : ,

ar.6 a s I v2::.;;'ce t, 5 ~ - 1 ?2,-.?1-f X-. - -L- , : :~:A L:, 1:

p r c h ~ b 1 y =,;j!-yYl tc ~

~

z

4-:.L

i

r

~

-

- 7 r , - - - - >

L

.

L -'

' . 'X

-.. - v> A l - ..

of p~~.LIl;r: i:2,iz::.i*, b u t v::.;i I V5.l'; its L0 pc11 3 - .7. .

l 5 t n 2 t l< l 5 RCC S 3 <>f::,>k2 1r L k Z z:>z'-,< - - :L:--.

b u t t h a t c2 11>?iv:':.zl 2 9 ~ 2 ~ 2 r.lq:,+. z-11'1': L:.?.: J .

. -

h 1 ~	vie?,,, L:-.?	p z ~ : - . , > - ~	.:	a2;:~1: C C I - ~ ~	l,,:,. bz ,. :	- . - > + . : , l
L - .-

wil--hc .~t a s e c r e t k-.c.~~'l-q. >.Lt>?d;!~ I m -:2,:2 ,-L.

from say1::q t h a t s :c?. a c?:: n, 7 r.zt a z l s l , T

h s s i ' ~ 3 c e t o ? c c ~ \ C L ~ to t53 ::12:11 0.' tii: I?.::JA~;<,

w h ~ c h , as I s e y , P L S ' : ~ 2.2 rlc;llr;i +.C k;?lL. , i T r ;ii

view, woclc5 be an u!;l-~:<al e:::?nzl31:. "

"7

1.1cr:e ;S, h 3 :L.,:::, &:I c. .cc~.~c:I tc t::~ =I;: 5 v'- >'-- . L.. .E

t h ? z::t:rcl=c r-f t .:~ cc,~i;t 's ?-,r:L.::ct~o;: , J J ~ < 5: .'i.T:i:'-+.l C;

by	r l o t e r s	( R .	v.	Governor o f Lewes	P r l s o n ,	e x p a r t e Do-rle
-

[l9171 2 K.B.254) o r t o p r o t e c t a s e c r e t p r o c e s s v h l c h 1s

the s u b j z c t o f t h c l l t ~ g a t l c r . . But this e x c c p t l o n i s

narrow one , ancZ t h e s c q g e s t l o n o f E a r l Lore tuzn I n S c o t t v.

S c o t t a t p.416 that l t a l s o covers c a s e s where Sy r e a s c n o f

publicity " p a r t l e s e : l t l t l e d t o j c s t l c e wculd bz rrasoca5::~

d e t e r r e d f r o n s e c k l n g it a t t h e h a z l s o f t i le C ~ a u x t " Z1<

n o t f l n 5 acce7tLr.c: by t k c c t h 2 r Lor l s ( c f . Lcrd Sh5.1.: 3%

p.484) a:iG h2s ~ 2 t .	been f ~ l l c , ~ c d	S-r.co	(?A---- ( r~	-	- . :=~-7 . : :	-	P.	)
.. X-.

Attorrc:~-Genc.:r1 - - - (:?G73 P.11.3 24: p ? . l Z > , l 2 4 ] . 'Ifi;= sxzz;:. -11 -

l ln: t s d t o C Z S ~ S '::1zzc. the? ?rs=s.nrc c.C che p.-L': \jauLc! m;':?

To x:l<?n t h e ndrr;: e::ccptl-;n t o t h e c--#?on l.~.:

r u l e , Par1ianer .c f r e q ~ : e a t l y cor.5ers a s t a ' i u r c r l ri-:zcre c: c-

upcc a c s u r t t c e:-cl-Z? t h e pukl;r. Sdzh a c?:sc-zkion i s

confel-rz:l cn t k l s Cour t by S. l 7 (.:) of t:lc F c J i ~ ? . l Cc1::-? of

AucL_rzl?l Act 1376 i n ge-c- id t-r-;. B u t a cll;cr-.??or. v..?'

..--

-

r.ot co;-.fcrri< t>,e ?Tn*tk-.-: T.-:,:-t:-.. <..-*a-- d - . A - , C?:- :i- A? P>: 1:

--a -- --

u?on t h e Sl;?rzra C o u r t , znr? t!:ic CC-~:.. i s re,-i,,-rm22 zo

cxerc1:e i t s crl;;,j.n;l: j n r l s r 2 ~ c : l ~ n "1n CocrL" (:S. 13 (l! , 15) .

The c o n t e x t of t h e A c t makes it c l e a r t h a t t h e

j u r l s d l c t l o n i s t o be e x e r c i s e d i n open c o u r t . S c c t l o n s

57 and 58 c e r t a l n powers 02 t h e E ~ ~ l d e n c e Ordinance 1 9 2 9 T . c s n f e r

u2on a c o u r t t o e:ccluLe pe r sons from t h e

c o u r t o r t o p r o h ~ 5 l t p u b l l c c t i o n o f evlriencr o r o f czms

o f p a r t i e s and w i t a e s s c s , bac t k o s c s e z t l o n s do c o t

e x t e n d t o t h e c i r c u ~ ~ s t m c e s of t h e przsr-nt ca::?. Jn t n c

- - L

r:ax:eG: o f rl:tnesses, (2s i n F . v . S ~ c 7 . l 7 T:c:':~,: , 2 - - - - - - - - 2

- - --p - - ----

-

, - - - l

''lli~l ~:!ls:s L t T ; P:: ';l.+.7-.3 h':f@m?---r.=:; p - > . [: , , >,

an% - 2 -- --

l A i l E . R . 1 < 7 ) o r tl:? ha11:;~r.c~ U? 02 a dccu::rr.c -.,.:~.~cl 1;

n o t t o be r e a d ir i i;,.SLlc (a5 i n An.'-:?.: v. F+=:! : -:I (l?.; .!

--

L.R.9 C!1.522! I:.>- -,r~srl-:e z?z!~j . I-.-= confider ri-llty 77?1e?:?

cpen co t h e ij~L>!.?-c. E - \ YE a C C I L ~ ~ 1s V T - C ~ ; ? ~ : X:::: a

s t a t u t o i y 6lzcrc't:si. ts e : . c l d l e t h e - .h1 12, 2 >.i.cs~l 3

c rd i i l s r : 7.;. s s s i c l s c > L:?: t 7- c r cnly I n csse; ,-:l?':? le~~:=!:

I n t h e p r e s e n t c a s e , t h e c o n f l d e n t l a l i n fo rma t ion

was c o ~ m u n i c a t e d t o t h e judqe n o t I n c o u r t , but i n chznbzrs .

Tiiat p r o c e d c r e was unders tandable b u t i r r e g ~ l a r . I*, was

uncle:-standable hecause t h c jddcje s o ~ g h c a way o f s e c u r i n g

t h e c o r : f l d e n t i a l l t y which t h e c l r c u i i s t a r c e s sugqes t ed

were d s s i r a b l e . Kevert t .?less t h e p roceeu re ! . s s ~ r r e g ~ l a r ,

f o r t h e o d t o f c c 5 x t 3 r d l n h l s ~ri--a.:* judge r k c e i v c 3 r , a t e ~ l a l r c i e v ~ n t t o t!ie sancc::sl

m,., ?.rT>.. L c

ct:ill;?;-z. L..- c ~ . . ~ .-.- c-

t n e p : z ~ i ? s p z o - ~ ~ d e s nc :;.-.?ra:;t fc.: ~ 1 1 3 1 1 a > ~ T ~ C C < U Z E ,

thou?:-. we y . . . ? - ~ z assur -d f:s:- L:'-;. kz-: t;;.iz ?..L? t:i?

p r a c t ~ c s vrzs a usda l cr.;-; E?< t!;:: 1:. h s ~1:3::~;r: - L C,;

Er!?i:=:? -ct:,-,rIt;cs. ?I:-. ;r=:k:ce b.. ~.:?:.c , <- ;G?<? --l>

- -,l- - .-

,. . . .S e:.-.r:is?s ~ ! I F ;,:~~:LLc;L::. - < ~ I S : - , . i~t , -,I --?'I

- . . c

Wx"-. -. 6-2szyl , ;>c a ~~..~~~-: . : : 2 L c :LL.: ,;,-,- 2 C L

e::cz :L:~:.-.Z t:-L ; : , ~ I C L C ~ . L . - ~ A G - : Lc:~ L:~Q~-,;L?: tc 2 1.2:: ,2 i.-i

02 b--r, c?;flcc a; ,3 ;uc',;c c;: c';.. ~ i . i ~ r z ~ . CZ-:I:X"

(;:??m -21 E-,.;zrl of V l r~ : r~ - ; - v. I:-Trc : (1-93;j 55 C . L . 3 . G : (5,:

- -- - - -- ---

p . 9 7 IS c c t a ' s racc lce r::llc!l a. L. ' ~ l -?S a 1 :C51 s~::L_-..c-~.-,

a pri-.y,;rzi- c o r s c e l v e IX c n ~ ? - - - - - --..-a ~ R ? G Z S I : ~ : L , : ~ I -;::ich lr

- F.-?>

ca1.c-ulatcE t c a i f e c t th? sc'r.:;: .~~. ,.I. cz7-xLc C C .11,.C

be c'cse5 :zlt?i3it szat:Lary vi:l-.ra:.'i, a for ' i~z: i h.2 c:.?L.-I 1 :

h s a r ~ L I ~ ~ ~ I ? S ; C ~ Y rn i:ls ~x:.-:tti: c~-.~:~,I'>?';s.

T:l- c 2 r c ...>-cc r?l:~!:r=_ ..-;S :l=-z,' k;. CO,'..'.'2L

for- t:ic Croh- r . a 3 l i c c c n s * ~ l f c r ';,ilk t o ~cl?7~??t_ t!l?

pro:^?.:.^ Z C Z ? ' ~ ~ ' ~ v:as pc,-. -V,. '~G;-!:F.'- 2 C:.B 3?1.

-

Lcrd P a r ; : ? ~ C.Z. s!;cc'ri.nc f a r ::.~c Cl;..i': Q.' I . .?.?l

C r l F, ~ n d l E l v ~ s i o n s a l 2 ?t F?. 3 2 S - ? -7 :

. . -1-37

There must be freezcrn of a c c e s s betvieen

cour.sel and judge. Any d i s c u s s i o n , hoxever ,

which t342s p l a c e s u s t be be t -~een t h e juSg?

and b o t ! ~ c o u n s s l f o r t h e cle,'ence and c o u r s e 1

f o r t h e p r o s e c u t l c n . I f a s o l l c l t c r r e g r e s e n t l n g

t h e ecc-sed i s l n t h e c o n r t he s h o a l < be a l l o w ~ d

t o a t t e n d t h e discussion l f he s o d e s l r e s . Th l s

f r e e d o s of accesb i s lrnportant beczL:se t h e r e n2y

be m a t t a r s calling f o r c o ~ a u n l ~ s t l o n cr d l s c u z s i o c ,

whlch a r e o f snch 3 n J t c r e t h e t c o u s s e l c a n z c t i n

t h e l n t c r e n t s of h i s c l l e : i t r e n t i o , ~ t z ? ~ i n c,sn

- -

cour:;. P u r e i y by i izy of exa'ple, CD'J::EEL L O C tli:

defence nay by cay of rn1c;gatlon v:ls=. t3 tell tP.e

lndgz t h a t t h e zc::-~.;?d 2 2 z nGt Ion; :::-c, 1,;

F .

s u f f e r ~ n q relrbe f r o ] C:I~CZ:, O: ~ 2 1 ~ : - ?.c 1s : <

s:loul< r.:r.alz i~r.u.-?:~:. A~::JL.I, CG--~:>Z'. L;: :.-:

s i&> Ty; T,-;Ls~ t< L:s : ' : .~ . j -7~'::l ]:L:.. i,':? ::c. -

- -

1 c 3 G , I 2 l " c , :.-- ?...E

plosec32:-cr. CO ac~es-: ~7 ~ 1 - ? t~ 2 1 l s : ? ~ C I+-:I:%. . .

I t i s c? ccn:-a.? ~:,;~-:?LL.-G '~7.2.: s o f = l 3:; >L?:..;LZ

]us?: 7 2 r . : :=: 5 2 a::: -:.- 7 c,- .+c-- l!,. c&-: : cc, ::t.

ccllrL~c21 s ~ c c ~ ? , ~Ll?~,?fk~d, U!?:;' S S k ?L--.

,,J,iqs -,--qe-- .LT 1: c,. -,< x c x , l : y ..v. - - - - - = - -. - - - _ . , L - . 1.- .-

th= <c<-.= r.-r; , :~-~f; l c-.?.- .-:-?L

J -

. -

c5.:A-..7.--??::c2:;	2r	-,,z-	z. .-	- 2 : 2 , :.	L -	,	:	:	.-?I	:>
L.

L112 c.-zc5,>i- ;c:s<:>, Lll., 1s !l?..:<.?:l--. 2 '

Thtr, ci=:::-lon .-c? ~>,rz-.r2< c; k':2 C? - ~ t 0: A p-:,:. -,l I -. - : - . . - : . - - .

-~ui!;qls,-,t cE t n r c>::t s a i ? (;c p.42:: :

" I t i s n e t p 3 s s l l l e t o l-.i d q ; ; ~ , nzll;hr,- ~ ~ ~ : l i :,c:

A #-hln:: 1s it ccslr-!:Le t:> 13:~ CT:II, a?;' g r ~ c r z l

r u l e t :?a t t!~e.re XI:L r.5~2: b? a:;y :z---x:-.>.c:t.-:.l

o-;ts?-rle trl~i, e 7 ' i n z r c;\<:n:l C.: p ~ ~ x : z . - f l . - , I

betwczn ~ u J y ~ 2 a-2 :l1sjL= r e x-sen'lc,: ':>c C r 7

and t h -: azc,szd. F - c t c:. :.jcl< ;.m: h;s-.-s t,. .*I

t h ~ s e x c s s ? ~ t > : . ~ i c ; - , - ~ c s~:.,~116 X ? . : - ~ Z b? :.L':?!>

beycp,: L;-.% li:-- - LS S :t i;: l:=?. V. 7 ,I-:-, K-. --

F:] t?. t11" qj-.>? k z r k r:sa, c: ts i:;e Courc of . ::,>;-:,l

and t t s t-he < ; s tz : i r~ .~ l=~i :< J I : : -L .~_ . - - h2 h-. -2 CL: cn ten: :,-:, ;,.: c ?

appears t o b e inconsistent wl th t h e judgments o f t h e High

Court i n D i c k a s s n ' s c a s e ( sup ra ) and i n R u s s e l l ' s c a s e

(supra) . (See a l s o :4ahlil:il l ' i D:?.-:arn~nl v. The Kinq -

[l5421 A . C . 5 8 3	a t p.590	and -	R.	v.	Sami l ton : l9301	30 S . R .
--

( N . S . W . ) 277) . A judge who has n s 61sc re t lon t o c l o s c h i s

c o u r t f o r r e a s o n s 0 2 t h e ]< in2 mcnt ;o~=d in T ~ n e r ' s cacz

ought n o t , ir. r e l l s n c e u>3r! thc sa1-c reasor?s, c o u r ? t e n ~ c c r

prly/ ; . ts , cz lc~ lc :ed . t o aZf?c t t h e s:nt;-r.c= 3s 1:; t 2 irryc;2.

That pcs.l.klc: fcl l?t ,s f r z r . ;:.>crlii?.: consr l t r -c :c?s o:

- . - 1

S i r ?:--.:.:: Kit-c w r c t e l n t7 .s er,s?.,- . h.zlt2 .JL.~,T..C.~L~?"

" ; L i s n o t e n c u q h th- t t ? . ~ l i e c ~ - ~ : ~ of 2 C;!CZ? h - 3

bc;:n i : ~ p ~ 3 1 ~ c . T h e :>roz*:: c5 r,::r:sc,c-r.>; :.-.?.cl-:

her d-.c~-?:S t h e cks? r-S.-t itscif s:r-.?s$: tv

(.he 1.1r;:it oT day , s o t h a t rL l c(,-ni-xr?,=' - -- . L - --;-

u:.dl*r~ti::?r; ,~?l ; p ~ 1 : ) r : ~ p - 2 s a-,: przi.clcm: o f l<%?

L

and locjlc 2re cjcl~211.: L.::E CC . , I : : , : S!?:; 5 5 ?;-.CC

l 1 L h JS;::,:;,:~! !-.i ,:l1 c-:,:vL-~.-?s

or;. lihs cnc h i n d a pc.;?? :rl ? a - > ' - - - i : a.:.yi?s'i

acy t~rr1:~n:y t c jr.': --?l -~.?t,.z:: c : z1n5 ~:..:.n;t

a e an?. 011 th-. ct:~?r r c s. ~s~; -,on c: j 11,: ~ r - - 2 L :.XF ;2c~::q

- .

k = ~ : ? 2: C i z i - < i l . ? ~ ? t ~ ? ~ > l : : l - t

t o jud7.c;?i hicjh ;ur;.;:r..:.. . "

Where a c o u r t i s au t i io r lzed t o s l t I n c e r e r a

and does s o s i t , o r where i t r e c c l v e s d o x n e n t s t h e

c o n t e n t s of w!?~ch a r e noc p & l l s h d ( a s t h l s Court

h a s dope i n t h e s e p r c c e e d l n g s ) , it will nsually DZ

desirable t o say s o l n t h e p u t l l s t e ? r ea sons f o r

d . Hhere, i n or2c r t a 23 3Lsklce 1:; a p ; r c~ca : a r

c a s e , it 1s neces sa ry t 3 ~xc~ ' J~!F . the p c L l l c Z r c ~ t::,?

coul-r; roc-, o r t , ~ 1:~'; t k . 2 ~?-.>l:c arcssr , t:?2

naker? al ~ ~ 3 1 : \ih:ch t i : i c z u r t i c act:.-,<, c - ~2:::~: --L;:

be a; i;t> t-. c.=c,:y= til:\ 1 ,.S F C . ; , ) C ~ ~ ,. -. 9 -c- :-5 - . .

l r .~ j=- := , lc r . a; ~ c r s - ~ l c y:.s 2 -l:: 1~ 1: - - >-' 8 - .*- L - ..CJ > LZ

CC::; tz.:..? 1: t113 C > # : : : S :L:. - ': iz -1: ,:.I ..'c. 1 I '-l.(:

- .

~ e . , 2 r a l i t ; ; c: c::: r . , , . t-!- .-L

e> . : s s t~~ i .~L c ->zes . t.:e C 5 G Z Z 1; 11.7: LP:: 1r. 7- .::::L7?:2,;

i t- reasons ioz ZCCZ:~:?~ c;r .f lre.- t~zli .ky 'c.; L-:

p.-sc?c.::.;?gs or t o tlye cc.?t-::-,: S ? clo;rc--:r.l--: z -=-, 2s z 2.1

- . ,. .

e r . ,~ r+sz l c7 c f rzzzc,.; rz- (1e~:;c;~ the cc.:. L * -:n-:=; . :

M ~ J C ~ is seen t c be nJcesszz?*, i t 1.; d2s;z~bj.e tc c-.?1:z:

thzt trlc ~:.:p::hl;sh'=l r;.zr:rial fu:r.~;hzrl t c th? C I : Y , - ~ 1 s

k e ~ t ~2it~kIly ln t h e x a g l s t r y l n ~ r d . ? r t k ? t tii2

r'.~~..?tk+lor. G;-oa !.hlci: tr,.? c c c r c hc.s act,::; F. y !: 2

exiq~,?ed. l;l::r by :? :FT,EL] C C C T ~	C =	' 7 . .
L L. - - . -U

'L,- , - X - ., . .- C. t:l-

-.. ,,-'cl LC x,.ho 1-e a 5 l e t; ye;si.-?lr 1-he ci.l;:t = J . -;--:' .c cc

va ry c:?,? c ~ r i s r pri!::s:t~.?g p ~ b l l : ai:?: 5 t o th:.t _.;:?c?,: , c r n .2 i -? r~ . l .

. -

I n t h e p r 9 c r . t c ? ? e , tl-:c a!>se.:cl? o h 'irk

t h e d i s c IZ?IO,-.S i n ch: it-cl ti a c:.zl!: of c : , ~ : , - r l r - k ;c

cor.5-q~c--nccs - ar. a;,wa!. r r i ; u e d cn t . 72 icot::l,; 'i ,L?: ro

r e l e v a ~ t m a t e r l a l had been furnished in cnzm5ers,

suhseqcent d ~ s a a r e ~ m e n t between t h e p a z t ~ e s a s t o t h e

m a t e r l a l whlch had boen f u r n l s h c d , de lay occasioned by

t h e seafclng of t h e j u d g e ' s r e p s r t , and f u r t h e r d e l ~ i -

I n production o f an ag reed s t a t emen t b y t h e p a r c l e s

where they wished t o a z g l i f y t n e r e p o r t . T h ~ z e

consequences a r e p d r t i c a l a r l y t o be regr-teed i n z Cr--;-

appea l acszns t seccenc? .

z;:2rsl l n Ta~t's c.is.2 k ~ l L bc ail,;-;-< znL

h l s sezzence l~?c rease -1 t o 8 y c C S a ~ c l 8 ~3il::s x: . : .~ a

n9n-?3r~:-. $~:-isC: O Z Z y c ~ l r ~ aAl? 4 zcr._ll:, ='is SE:.: :C:

to r l~r ~ZL.?, C,-€ 3 , r . c ~ c: h15 L,2:::2?.?+ L*, : , 2 S :7::; , : L 7 ' ? Y ?

c f t h e ::orz:-.~rr. T.?z.?' is-- :r . F ;A:L? ; - 2: :-Ll=~-, - ' - > . y , ' C 2

w l l ; bo r L s r l s s c ? .