R v Host

Case [2015] WASCA 23 5 February 2015

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R -v- HOST [2015] WASCA 23

Jurisdiction:	SUPREME COURT OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA	Citation No:	[2015] WASCA 23
Court:	THE COURT OF APPEAL (WA)
Case No:	CACR:94/2014	Heard:	8 OCTOBER 2014
Coram:	McLURE P BUSS JA MAZZA JA	Delivered:	5/02/15
No of pages:	47	Judgment Part:	1 of 1
Result:	Leave to appeal granted on ground 1 Appeal allowed Respondent resentenced
Category:	A
PDF Version

Parties:	THE QUEEN CRAIG HOST
Catchwords:	Criminal law Crown appeal against sentence Taxation fraud Forty nine counts committed over four years Respondent obtained a total of $332,646 Use of forged documents Late pleas of guilty Late restitution Total effective sentence of 2 years' imprisonment Pre-release period of 8 months Manifest inadequacy Totality principle Criminal law Pecuniary penalty order Section 16A(2)(f) of the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) Section 320 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth) Interaction between s 16A(2)(f) and s 320
Legislation:	Crimes Act 1914 (Cth), s 16A, s 17A, s 19(2), s 19AB, s 19AC, 19AF, s 20 Criminal Appeals Act 2004 (WA), s 31(4), s 40(1)(e), 41(3)(c), s 41(3)(d) Criminal Code (Cth), s 134.2(1), s 145.1(1) Proceeds of Crime Act 1987 (Cth), (repealed) Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth), s 17, s 116, s 131, s 140, s 320, s 338
Case References:	Barbaro v The Queen [2014] HCA 2; (2014) 88 ALJR 372 Bertilone v The Queen [2009] WASCA 149; (2009) 231 FLR 383 Bransby v The Queen [2010] WASCA 165; (2010) 78 ATR 163 Bugmy v The Queen [1990] HCA 18; (1990) 169 CLR 525 Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2012] HCA 1; (2012) 244 CLR 638 Commissioner of Stamp Duties (NSW) v Permanent Trustee Co Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 719 De Faria v The State of Western Australia [2013] WASCA 116 De Hollander v The Queen [2012] WASCA 127 Deakin v The Queen [1984] HCA 31; (1984) 58 ALJR 367 Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v Rowson [2007] VSCA 176 Director of Public Prosecutions v Ka-Hung-Ip [2005] ACTCA 24 Dragojlovic v The Queen [2013] VSCA 151; (2013) 230 A Crim R 226 Dwayhi v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 67; (2011) 205 A Crim R 274 Edwards v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 54 El Rakhawy v The Queen [2011] WASCA 209 Giglia v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 9 Gok v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185 Graziosi v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA 418 Hennessy v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; (2010) 242 CLR 520 Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225 Hughes v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 226 Jod v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 205 Keefe v The Queen [2014] VSCA 201 L Vogel & Son Pty Ltd v Anderson (1967) 120 CLR 157 Lam v The Queen [2014] WASCA 114 Lowndes v The Queen [1999] HCA 29; (1999) 195 CLR 665 Ly v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 28 Magar v The State of Western Australia…

Grounds of appeal

[14] The appellant contends that the primary judge erred in finding that the respondent had discharged the onus of establishing the matters required under the relevant provision.

[15] It was submitted that his Honour failed to give adequate weight to the evidence of the second witness, and that the findings of fact were not reasonably open on the material before the Court.

[16] The respondent, for its part, submits that no error is disclosed, and that the conclusions reached were well within the range of outcomes available to the primary judge.

Consideration

[17] It is convenient to deal first with the question of construction, as the resolution of that issue informs the remaining grounds advanced by the appellant.

[18] For the reasons that follow, we are of the view that the appeal should be allowed in part and the matter remitted for further determination.

Continue reading R v Host

Details

AGLC: R v Host [2015] WASCA 23
Case: [2015] WASCA 23
Decision Date: 5 FEBRUARY 2015

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The respondent, in this case, was found guilty of forty-nine counts of tax fraud over a four-year period, involving the use of forged documents, and was sentenced to a total effective imprisonment term of two years, with an additional eight-month pre-release period. The Crown appealed the sentence, arguing it was manifestly inadequate, and also sought clarification on the interaction between the pecuniary penalty order under section 16A(2)(f) of the Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) and the provisions of section 320 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth).

The primary legal issue before the court was whether the sentence imposed was manifestly inadequate, considering the totality of the offending and the principles of sentencing. Additionally, the court had to determine the proper interaction between the pecuniary penalty order under section 16A(2)(f) and the confiscation provisions of section 320 of the Proceeds of Crime Act 2002. The court had to weigh the principles of the totality approach against the respondent's late pleas of guilty and late restitution.

The court held that the sentence was manifestly inadequate in light of the totality of the offending. The court emphasised that the seriousness of the tax fraud, involving the use of forged documents and the significant amount obtained by the respondent, warranted a more substantial sentence. The court resentenced the respondent to a term of imprisonment that better reflected the gravity of the offending. Regarding the interaction between sections 16A(2)(f) and 320, the court concluded that these provisions could operate concurrently and did not preclude the imposition of a pecuniary penalty order where appropriate. The appeal was allowed, and the respondent was resentenced accordingly.

Orders

Orders of the court

Leave to appeal granted on ground 1

Appeal allowed

Respondent resentenced

Background

Background to the litigation

Full text does not contain this section.

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

Full text does not contain this section.

Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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Actions

Citations

R v Host [2015] WASCA 23

Most Recent Citation

The Queen v Arora [2018] VCC 1563

Cases Citing This Decision

R v Mehieddine [2025] NSWDC 326
Citation 1 (Para 279)

…As described by McClure P in R v Host [2015] WASCA 23 at [24]:…
R v Man Lung Ma [2024] NSWDC 573
Citation 2 (Para 98)

…more than one consignment. The presence of multiple distinct offences forming a course of conduct is an aggravating factor on sentence: R v Host [2015] WASCA 23.…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Simpson [2023] VCC 1129
Citation 3

…Cases Cited: R v Verdins [2007] VSCA 62; Worboyes v The Queen [2021] VSCA 169; R v Schwabegger [1998] 4 VR 649; R v Host [2015] WASCA 23; R v Massey [2015] QCA 254; R v Latemore [2019] QCA 55; Rowan (a pseudonym) v The King [2022] VSCA 236; R v Runjanjic (1991) 56 SASR 114; R v Merett, Piggott & Ferrari [2007] VSC…
R v Zoghbi [2022] NSWDC 219
Citation 4 (Para 230)

…As described by McClure P in R v Host [2015] WASCA 23 at [24]:…
R v Wallis [2022] ACTSC 140
Citation 5 (Para 1)

…SIRO, I have already referred to the contents of the victim impact statement. The Crown relied on the remarks of McLure P in the judgment of R v Host [2015] WASCA 23 at [24] in that context:…
R v Hausman [2021] NSWDC 846
Citation 6 (Para 84)

…the sense that it demonstrates that the offender is a ‘repeat’ offender and that his or her conduct is not isolated or opportunistic ( R v Host [2015] WASCA 23 at [45]).…
R v Rostankovski [2021] NSWDC 847
Citation 7 (Para 109)

…ating factor, as it demonstrates that the offender is a ‘repeat’ offender and that his or her conduct is not isolated or opportunistic ( R v Host [2015] WASCA 23 at [45]). This circumstance was applicable to both the aid and abetting and the money laundering offences.…
R v Russell [2021] QCA 35
Citation 8 (Para 18)

…R v Massey [16] (cited by the respondent) and R v Buckman [17] and Wheeler v The Queen [No 2] [18] (cited by the applicant). [14][2012] QCA 264. [15][2015] WASCA 23. [16][2015] QCA 254. [17][2016] QCA 176. [18][2010] WASCA 105.…
Musca v The Queen [2021] WASCA 37
Citation 9 (Para 9)

…elease order is 'the minimum period of imprisonment that justice requires the offender to serve', see R v Host [47] and R v Abbas .[48] [47] R v Host [2015] WASCA 23; (2015) 248 A Crim R 352 [172] ‑ [177] (Buss JA, Mazza JA agreeing). [48] R v Abbas [2019] WASCA 64; (2019) 277 A Crim R 105 [118] ‑ [124] (Buss P, M…
Commissioner of Taxation v Bogiatto (No 2) [2021] FCA 98
Citation 10 (Para 19)

…ate acts: Construction, Forestry, Mining and Energy Union v Cahill (2010) 269 ALR 1 at [39] and [41]. A practical example is afforded by R v Host [2015] WASCA 23. The respondent was charged with 49 counts based on conduct summarised by Buss JA in the following way: [51] Between October 2004 and September 2008, the…
R v Anquetil [2020] NSWSC 995
Citation 11 (Para 107)

…ere is also a very considerable, unrecoverable cost incurred by the Commonwealth in protecting its revenue and detecting fraud such as this: R v Host [2015] WASCA 23; (2015) 248 A Crim R 352 at [24] per McLure P.…
Read v The Queen [2020] WASCA 56
Citation 12 (Para 3)

…0] WASCA 185. [37] Ly v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 28. [38] Ramanah v The Queen [2006] WASCA 112. [39] Beard v The Queen [2003] WASCA 262. [40] R v Host [2015] WASCA 23; (2015) 248 A Crim R 352.…
The Queen v Arora [2018] VCC 1563
Citation 13

…Cases Cited: R v Thai [2005] VSCA 283, R v Xeba, Rovena [2009] VSCA 205, R v Carmody 100 A Crim R 41 , R v Nagul [2007] VSCA 8, R v Host [2015] WASCA 23 ---…
R v Agius; R v Castagna (No 14) [2018] NSWSC 1248
Citation 14 (Para 72)

…nd he, in turn, abused that trust and his position as a citizen, by under-declaring his income. As McClure P (Mazza JA agreeing) said in Host v R [2015] WASCA 23; 248 A Crim R 353 at [24]:…
ADP v The State of Western Australia [2018] WASCA 40
Citation 15 (Para 2)

…nciples relating to the fixing of recognisance release orders for federal offences are referred to in Buss JA's reasons in R v Host .[5] [5] R v Host [2015] WASCA 23; (2015) 248 A Crim R 352 [172] - [177].…
R v Be [2018] ACTSC 101
Citation 16 (Para 1)

…erable and unrecoverable costs in taking measures to protect its revenue from and detect dishonest conduct such as that in the present case: R v Host [2015] WASCA 23; 248 A Crim R 352 at [24]. This cost and the cost of undetected fraud is one which ultimately falls upon the whole of the Australian community. In th…
R v Jafari [2017] NSWCCA 152
Citation 17 (Para 38)

…e inter-relationship of these provisions, which is by no means without difficulty, was given careful consideration by McLure P in R v Host : [11] 11. [2015] WASCA 23; 248 A Crim R 352 (Mazza JA agreeing).…
R v Melrose [2016] QCA 202
Citation 18 (Para 5)

…rily relying on Massey , also put forward R v Host [21] and R v Anderson [22] as appropriate comparatives. [14][2015] QCA 254. [15][2013] QCA 10. [16][2015] WASCA 23. [17](2011) 205 A Crim R 274; [2011] NSWCCA 67. [18][2010] NSWCCA 221. [19][2010] QCA 25. [20][2016] QCA 176. [21][2015] WASCA 23. [22][2012] QCA 215…
R v Thorn [2016] ACTSC 217
Citation 19 (Para 1)

…on the Commonwealth and the wider community through the risk to services and infrastructure unable to be provided but, as McLure P stated in R v Host [2015] WASCA 23 at [24]:…
R v Allred [2015] ACTSC 327
Citation 20 (Para 1)

…rime. The Commonwealth is the victim and through it all citizens are affected by the improper payment away of its funds. As McLure P said in R v Host [2015] WASCA 23 at [24]:…
R v Richards [2015] ACTSC 206
Citation 21 (Para 1)

…x fraud because the collection of tax is dependent upon honest self-reporting and tax fraud has a significant impact on the wider community: R v Host [2015] WASCA 23. The impact on the public revenue extends beyond the loss occasioned by particular fraudulent activities. The Commonwealth must incur unrecoverable c…

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Cases Cited

R v Pham [2014] QCA 287
Citation 1

…] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A Crim R 288 R v Pham [2014] QCA 287 R v Pipes [2004] NSWCCA 351 R v Rajacic [1973] VR 636 R v Ruha; Ex parte Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions [2010] QCA 10; [2011] 2 Qd R 45…
R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230
Citation 2

…12] QCA 215 R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170; (2010) 243 FLR 120 R v Barton [2006] QCA 18 R v CAK [2009] QCA 23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSW…
Keefe v The Queen [2014] VSCA 201
Citation 3

…A 45; (2010) 242 CLR 520 Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225 Hughes v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 226 Jod v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 205 Keefe v The Queen [2014] VSCA 201 L Vogel & Son Pty Ltd v Anderson (1967) 120 CLR 157 Lam v The Queen [2014] WASCA 114 Lowndes v The Queen [1999] HCA 29; (1999) 195 CLR 665 Ly v The Q…
Lam v The Queen [2014] WASCA 114
Citation 4

…1] NSWCCA 226 Jod v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 205 Keefe v The Queen [2014] VSCA 201 L Vogel & Son Pty Ltd v Anderson (1967) 120 CLR 157 Lam v The Queen [2014] WASCA 114 Lowndes v The Queen [1999] HCA 29; (1999) 195 CLR 665 Ly v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 28 Magar v The State of Western Australia [2011] WASCA 122 Magdi v…
R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78
Citation 5

…4] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A Crim R 288 R v Pham [2014] QCA 287 R v Pipes [2004] NSWCCA 351 R v Rajacic [1973]…
Barbaro v The Queen [2014] HCA 2
Citation 6

…Barbaro v The Queen [2014] HCA 2; (2014) 88 ALJR 372 Bertilone v The Queen [2009] WASCA 149; (2009) 231 FLR 383 Bransby v The Queen [2010] WASCA 165; (2010) 78 ATR 163 Bugmy v The Queen [1990] HCA 18; (1990) 169 CLR 525 Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2012] HCA 1; (2012) 244 CLR 638 Commissioner of…
Pavlovic v Spooner [2014] WASCA 31
Citation 7

…WASCA 234 McDermott v The Queen (1990) 49 A Crim R 105 McMahon v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 147 O'Meara v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 90 Pavlovic v Spooner [2014] WASCA 31 Payda v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 109 Power v The Queen [1974] HCA 26; (1974) 131 CLR 623 R v Anderson [2012] QCA 215 R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170; (20…
Dragojlovic v The Queen [2013] VSCA 151
Citation 8

…7 Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v Rowson [2007] VSCA 176 Director of Public Prosecutions v Ka-Hung-Ip [2005] ACTCA 24 Dragojlovic v The Queen [2013] VSCA 151; (2013) 230 A Crim R 226 Dwayhi v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 67; (2011) 205 A Crim R 274 Edwards v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 54 El Rakhawy v The Queen [20…
Payda v R [2013] NSWCCA 109
Citation 9

…1990) 49 A Crim R 105 McMahon v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 147 O'Meara v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 90 Pavlovic v Spooner [2014] WASCA 31 Payda v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 109 Power v The Queen [1974] HCA 26; (1974) 131 CLR 623 R v Anderson [2012] QCA 215 R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170; (2010) 243 FLR 120 R v Barton [2006] QC…
De Faria v The State of Western Australia [2013] WASCA 116
Citation 10

…HCA 1; (2012) 244 CLR 638 Commissioner of Stamp Duties (NSW) v Permanent Trustee Co Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 719 De Faria v The State of Western Australia [2013] WASCA 116 De Hollander v The Queen [2012] WASCA 127 Deakin v The Queen [1984] HCA 31; (1984) 58 ALJR 367 Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v Rowson [2007]…
Edwards v R [2013] NSWCCA 54
Citation 11

…24 Dragojlovic v The Queen [2013] VSCA 151; (2013) 230 A Crim R 226 Dwayhi v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 67; (2011) 205 A Crim R 274 Edwards v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 54 El Rakhawy v The Queen [2011] WASCA 209 Giglia v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 9 Gok v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185 Graziosi v Director o…
Hennessy, Michael John v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241
Citation 12

…stern Australia [2010] WASCA 9 Gok v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185 Graziosi v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA 418 Hennessy v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; (2010) 242 CLR 520 Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225 Hughes v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 226 Jod v The Queen [2009] NS…
R v Anderson [2012] QCA 215
Citation 13

…09] NSWCCA 90 Pavlovic v Spooner [2014] WASCA 31 Payda v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 109 Power v The Queen [1974] HCA 26; (1974) 131 CLR 623 R v Anderson [2012] QCA 215 R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170; (2010) 243 FLR 120 R v Barton [2006] QCA 18 R v CAK [2009] QCA 23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA…
De Hollander v The Queen [2012] WASCA 127
Citation 14

…Stamp Duties (NSW) v Permanent Trustee Co Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 719 De Faria v The State of Western Australia [2013] WASCA 116 De Hollander v The Queen [2012] WASCA 127 Deakin v The Queen [1984] HCA 31; (1984) 58 ALJR 367 Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v Rowson [2007] VSCA 176 Director of Public Prosecutions v…
Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2012] HCA 1
Citation 15

…ansby v The Queen [2010] WASCA 165; (2010) 78 ATR 163 Bugmy v The Queen [1990] HCA 18; (1990) 169 CLR 525 Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2012] HCA 1; (2012) 244 CLR 638 Commissioner of Stamp Duties (NSW) v Permanent Trustee Co Ltd (1987) 9 NSWLR 719 De Faria v The State of Western Australia [2013]…
Graziosi v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA 418
Citation 16

…1] WASCA 209 Giglia v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 9 Gok v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185 Graziosi v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA 418 Hennessy v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; (2010) 242 CLR 520 Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225 Hughes v The Queen [201…
Daniel Michael Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225
Citation 17

…Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA 418 Hennessy v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; (2010) 242 CLR 520 Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225 Hughes v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 226 Jod v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 205 Keefe v The Queen [2014] VSCA 201 L Vogel & Son Pty Ltd v Anderson (1967) 120…
Hughes v R [2011] NSWCCA 226
Citation 18

…418 Hennessy v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; (2010) 242 CLR 520 Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225 Hughes v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 226 Jod v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 205 Keefe v The Queen [2014] VSCA 201 L Vogel & Son Pty Ltd v Anderson (1967) 120 CLR 157 Lam v The Queen [2014] WASCA…
El Rakhawy v The Queen [2011] WASCA 209
Citation 19

…151; (2013) 230 A Crim R 226 Dwayhi v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 67; (2011) 205 A Crim R 274 Edwards v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 54 El Rakhawy v The Queen [2011] WASCA 209 Giglia v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 9 Gok v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185 Graziosi v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA…
McMahon v R [2011] NSWCCA 147
Citation 20

…n Australia [2011] WASCA 122 Magdi v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 234 McDermott v The Queen (1990) 49 A Crim R 105 McMahon v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 147 O'Meara v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 90 Pavlovic v Spooner [2014] WASCA 31 Payda v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 109 Power v The Queen [1974] HCA 26; (1974) 1…
Magar v The State of Western Australia [2011] WASCA 122
Citation 21

…e Queen [2014] WASCA 114 Lowndes v The Queen [1999] HCA 29; (1999) 195 CLR 665 Ly v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 28 Magar v The State of Western Australia [2011] WASCA 122 Magdi v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 234 McDermott v The Queen (1990) 49 A Crim R 105 McMahon v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 147 O'Meara v…
Dwayhi v R; Bechara v R [2011] NSWCCA 67
Citation 22

…176 Director of Public Prosecutions v Ka-Hung-Ip [2005] ACTCA 24 Dragojlovic v The Queen [2013] VSCA 151; (2013) 230 A Crim R 226 Dwayhi v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 67; (2011) 205 A Crim R 274 Edwards v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 54 El Rakhawy v The Queen [2011] WASCA 209 Giglia v The State of Western Australia [2010]…
Magdi v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 234
Citation 23

…29; (1999) 195 CLR 665 Ly v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 28 Magar v The State of Western Australia [2011] WASCA 122 Magdi v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 234 McDermott v The Queen (1990) 49 A Crim R 105 McMahon v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 147 O'Meara v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 90 Pavlovic v Spooner [2014] WAS…
Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45
Citation 24

…v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185 Graziosi v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA 418 Hennessy v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; (2010) 242 CLR 520 Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225 Hughes v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 226 Jod v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 205 Keefe v The Queen [201…
R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221
Citation 25

…23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A Crim R 288 R v Pham [2014] QCA 2…
R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297
Citation 26

…31 CLR 623 R v Anderson [2012] QCA 215 R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170; (2010) 243 FLR 120 R v Barton [2006] QCA 18 R v CAK [2009] QCA 23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007…
Gok v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185
Citation 27

…4 Edwards v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 54 El Rakhawy v The Queen [2011] WASCA 209 Giglia v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 9 Gok v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185 Graziosi v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA 418 Hennessy v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; (2010) 242 CL…
R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170
Citation 28

…ooner [2014] WASCA 31 Payda v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 109 Power v The Queen [1974] HCA 26; (1974) 131 CLR 623 R v Anderson [2012] QCA 215 R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170; (2010) 243 FLR 120 R v Barton [2006] QCA 18 R v CAK [2009] QCA 23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 1…
Bransby v The Queen [2010] WASCA 165
Citation 29

…Barbaro v The Queen [2014] HCA 2; (2014) 88 ALJR 372 Bertilone v The Queen [2009] WASCA 149; (2009) 231 FLR 383 Bransby v The Queen [2010] WASCA 165; (2010) 78 ATR 163 Bugmy v The Queen [1990] HCA 18; (1990) 169 CLR 525 Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2012] HCA 1; (2012) 244 CLR 638 Commissioner of Sta…
Schembri v R [2010] NSWCCA 149
Citation 30

…wealth Director of Public Prosecutions [2010] QCA 10; [2011] 2 Qd R 456 Roffey v The State of Western Australia [2007] WASCA 246 Schembri v The Queen [2010] NSWCCA 149; (2010) 78 ATR 159 Scook v The Queen [2008] WASCA 114; (2008) 185 A Crim R 164 Tapper v The Queen (1992) 39 FCR 243 Van Haltren v The Queen [2008] NS…
Wheeler v The Queen [No 2] [2010] WASCA 105
Citation 31

…8) 185 A Crim R 164 Tapper v The Queen (1992) 39 FCR 243 Van Haltren v The Queen [2008] NSWCCA 274; (2008) 191 A Crim R 53 Wheeler v The Queen [No 2] [2010] WASCA 105…
R v Newton [2010] QCA 101
Citation 32

…5 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A Crim R 288 R v Pham [2014] QCA 287 R v Pipes [2004] NSWCCA 351 R v Rajacic [1973] VR 636 R v Ruha; Ex parte Commonwealth Director of Pu…
R v Hou [2010] VSCA 36
Citation 33

…06] QCA 18 R v CAK [2009] QCA 23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A…
R v Ruha, Ruha & Harris; ex parte [2010] QCA 10
Citation 34

…5 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A Crim R 288 R v Pham [2014] QCA 287 R v Pipes [2004] NSWCCA 351 R v Rajacic [1973] VR 636 R v Ruha; Ex parte Commonwealth Director of P…
Giglia v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 9
Citation 35

…WCCA 67; (2011) 205 A Crim R 274 Edwards v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 54 El Rakhawy v The Queen [2011] WASCA 209 Giglia v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 9 Gok v The Queen [2010] WASCA 185 Graziosi v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2011] VSCA 418 Hennessy v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 241 Hili v The Q…
JOD v R [2009] NSWCCA 205
Citation 36

…SWCCA 241 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; (2010) 242 CLR 520 Horne v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 225 Hughes v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 226 Jod v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 205 Keefe v The Queen [2014] VSCA 201 L Vogel & Son Pty Ltd v Anderson (1967) 120 CLR 157 Lam v The Queen [2014] WASCA 114 Lowndes v The Queen [1999] HCA…
Bertilone v The Queen [2009] WASCA 149
Citation 37

…Barbaro v The Queen [2014] HCA 2; (2014) 88 ALJR 372 Bertilone v The Queen [2009] WASCA 149; (2009) 231 FLR 383 Bransby v The Queen [2010] WASCA 165; (2010) 78 ATR 163 Bugmy v The Queen [1990] HCA 18; (1990) 169 CLR 525 Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2012] HCA 1; (2012) 244 CLR 638 Commissioner of Sta…
O'Meara v R [2009] NSWCCA 90
Citation 38

…he State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 234 McDermott v The Queen (1990) 49 A Crim R 105 McMahon v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 147 O'Meara v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 90 Pavlovic v Spooner [2014] WASCA 31 Payda v The Queen [2013] NSWCCA 109 Power v The Queen [1974] HCA 26; (1974) 131 CLR 623 R v Anderson [2012] QCA 21…
R v CAK & CAL; ex parte [2009] QCA 23
Citation 39

…Queen [1974] HCA 26; (1974) 131 CLR 623 R v Anderson [2012] QCA 215 R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170; (2010) 243 FLR 120 R v Barton [2006] QCA 18 R v CAK [2009] QCA 23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [20…
Van Haltren v R [2008] NSWCCA 274
Citation 40

…SWCCA 149; (2010) 78 ATR 159 Scook v The Queen [2008] WASCA 114; (2008) 185 A Crim R 164 Tapper v The Queen (1992) 39 FCR 243 Van Haltren v The Queen [2008] NSWCCA 274; (2008) 191 A Crim R 53 Wheeler v The Queen [No 2] [2010] WASCA 105…
R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15
Citation 41

…10] WASCA 170; (2010) 243 FLR 120 R v Barton [2006] QCA 18 R v CAK [2009] QCA 23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007]…
Roffey v The State of Western Australia [2007] WASCA 246
Citation 42

…1973] VR 636 R v Ruha; Ex parte Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions [2010] QCA 10; [2011] 2 Qd R 456 Roffey v The State of Western Australia [2007] WASCA 246 Schembri v The Queen [2010] NSWCCA 149; (2010) 78 ATR 159 Scook v The Queen [2008] WASCA 114; (2008) 185 A Crim R 164 Tapper v The Queen (1992) 39 FC…
DPP (Cth) v Rowson [2007] VSCA 176
Citation 43

…SCA 116 De Hollander v The Queen [2012] WASCA 127 Deakin v The Queen [1984] HCA 31; (1984) 58 ALJR 367 Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v Rowson [2007] VSCA 176 Director of Public Prosecutions v Ka-Hung-Ip [2005] ACTCA 24 Dragojlovic v The Queen [2013] VSCA 151; (2013) 230 A Crim R 226 Dwayhi v The Queen [201…
R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281
Citation 44

…A 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A Crim R 288 R v Pham [2014] QCA 287 R v Pipes [2004] NSWCC…
Ly v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 28
Citation 45

…gel & Son Pty Ltd v Anderson (1967) 120 CLR 157 Lam v The Queen [2014] WASCA 114 Lowndes v The Queen [1999] HCA 29; (1999) 195 CLR 665 Ly v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 28 Magar v The State of Western Australia [2011] WASCA 122 Magdi v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 234 McDermott v The Queen (1990) 49 A Cri…
R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39
Citation 46

…TSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSCA 36 R v Kertebani [2010] NSWCCA 221 R v Lovel [2007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A Crim R 288 R v Pham [2014] QCA 287 R v Pipes [2004] NSWCCA 351 R v Rajacic [1973] VR 636 R v Ruha; Ex parte C…
R v Barton [2006] QCA 18
Citation 47

…SWCCA 109 Power v The Queen [1974] HCA 26; (1974) 131 CLR 623 R v Anderson [2012] QCA 215 R v Baldock [2010] WASCA 170; (2010) 243 FLR 120 R v Barton [2006] QCA 18 R v CAK [2009] QCA 23 R v Desborough [2010] QCA 297 R v Falconi [2014] QCA 230 R v Hopkins [2008] NTSC 15; (2008) 22 NTLR 125 R v Jian Hou [2010] VSC…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Ip [2005] ACTCA 24
Citation 48

…e Queen [1984] HCA 31; (1984) 58 ALJR 367 Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v Rowson [2007] VSCA 176 Director of Public Prosecutions v Ka-Hung-Ip [2005] ACTCA 24 Dragojlovic v The Queen [2013] VSCA 151; (2013) 230 A Crim R 226 Dwayhi v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 67; (2011) 205 A Crim R 274 Edwards v The Queen [20…
R v Pipes [2004] NSWCCA 351
Citation 49

…007] QCA 281 R v Ly [2014] NSWCCA 78 R v Minassian [2007] QCA 39 R v Newton [2010] QCA 101; (2010) 199 A Crim R 288 R v Pham [2014] QCA 287 R v Pipes [2004] NSWCCA 351 R v Rajacic [1973] VR 636 R v Ruha; Ex parte Commonwealth Director of Public Prosecutions [2010] QCA 10; [2011] 2 Qd R 456 Roffey v The State of West…
McDermott v R [1990] FCA 378
Citation 50

…R 665 Ly v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 28 Magar v The State of Western Australia [2011] WASCA 122 Magdi v The State of Western Australia [2010] WASCA 234 McDermott v The Queen (1990) 49 A Crim R 105 McMahon v The Queen [2011] NSWCCA 147 O'Meara v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 90 Pavlovic v Spooner [2014] WASCA 31 Payda v The Queen [2013…

Legislation Cited

Crimes Act 1914 (Cth) 16A, 19AF
3 mentions
Criminal Appeals Act 2004 (WA) 31(4), 41(3)(c)
3 mentions
Proceeds of Crime Act 2002 (Cth) 17
2 mentions
Judiciary Act 1903 (Cth)
1 mention
Proceeds of Crime Act 1987 (Cth)
1 mention
Proceeds of Crimes Act 2002 (Cth)
1 mention