Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC

TRADE MARKS ACT 1995

DECISION OF A DELEGATE OF THE REGISTRAR OF TRADE MARKS WITH REASONS

Re:Opposition by Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC to extension of protection under regulation 17A.33 of the Trade Marks Regulations 1995 of trade mark number 2078042 (International Registration number 1522646) (classes 9, 16, 24, 25, 28, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45) - GMO (fancy) - in the name of GMO Internet Group Inc

Delegate:

Jonathon Galloway

Representation:

Opponent: Andrew Sykes of Counsel

Holder: Spruson & Ferguson

Decision:

2024 ATMO 235

Trade Marks Regulations 1995 (Cth) – opposition to extension of protection under regulation 17A.33 – grounds of opposition pursued under ss 42(b), 44, 58 and 60 of the Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth) – s 44 ground established for some goods and services – no other grounds established – protection to be extended to Australia in respect of remaining goods and services.

Background

This is a decision on the opposition by Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co. LLC (‘Opponent’) under reg 17A.33 of the Trade Marks Regulations 1995 (Cth)[1] to the extension of protection of International Registration Designating Australia 1522646 (‘IRDA’) in the name of GMO Internet Group, Inc (‘Holder’) for:
[1] Unless otherwise stated, each reference to a section is a reference to a section of the Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth) and each reference to a regulation is a reference to a regulation of the Trade Marks Regulations 1995 (Cth).
Trade mark number: 2078042
International registration number: 1522646
Trade Mark: (‘Trade Mark’)
Filing date: 28 June 2019
Priority date: 28 December 2018 (‘Relevant Date’)
Goods and Services: See Annexure A (‘Holder’s Goods and Services’)[2]
Endorsements: Blue.; The mark consists of the stylized letters “GMO”
Blue.
The mark consists of the stylized letters “GMO” in blue.
The applicant has advised that the words in the Mark have no meaning in English
[2] On 30 August 2024 the Holder requested an amendment to the Holder’s Goods and Services in respect of Class 36. The requested amendment was processed on 11 September 2024. The services that were removed are reproduced at [7] of this decision. The term ‘Holder’s Goods and Services’ is used to refer to the goods and services within the specification of the Trade Mark except those removed by request of the Holder.
The IRDA was examined and its acceptance was advertised on 13 September 2022. On 11 November 2022, the Opponent filed its Notice of Intention to Oppose registration. On 12 December 2022 the Opponent filed its Statement of Grounds and Particulars (‘SGP’).
On 17 February 2023 the Holder filed its Notice of Intention to Defend.
On 5 June 2023 the Opponent filed its Evidence in Support being:

Declaration of David L. Bohan, Legal Counsel of the Opponent, dated 2 June 2023, with Annexures A, DB-1 to DB-46, DB-49 and DB-50, plus Confidential Annexures DB-47, DB-48, DB-51, DB-52 and DB-53 (‘Bohan’).

The Holder did not file any evidence in answer.
On 13 October 2023 the Opponent requested to be heard. The Opponent filed written submissions prior to the hearing. As a delegate of the Registrar of Trade Marks, I heard the matter on 30 August 2024. Andrew Sykes of counsel attended and made submissions on behalf of the Opponent, instructed by Amanda Caldwell of Norton Rose Fulbright who also attended. The Holder did not attend the hearing or make written submissions.
On 30 August 2024, the Holder requested an amendment to the specification of the Holder’s Goods and Services. The Holder requested the following services be deleted:
Class 36: funds transfer services for internet users; transfer of funds of credit cards, debit cards and electronic funds; transfer of funds of credit cards, debit cards, travelers' cheques and electronic funds; credit survey on personal finance; brokerage of mortgage securities sales and storage of the securities; accounts receivable financing; funds transfer services.

On 11 September 2024 I processed the amendment.
What follows is my decision as a delegate of the Registrar of Trade Marks based on the particulars set out in the SGP and the evidence and submissions of the Opponent in consideration of the Holder’s Goods and Services.

Grounds and Onus

Regulation 17A.34 provides that extension of protection may be opposed on any of the grounds on which an IRDA may be rejected, and on the grounds set out in ss 58 to 61 and 62A.
In the SGP, the Opponent nominates grounds of opposition under ss 42(b), 44, 58 and 60. The Opponent bears the onus of establishing at least one of the nominated grounds of opposition.[3] The standard of proof is the ordinary civil standard of the balance of probabilities.[4] The rights of the parties are assessed as at the filing date,[5] except where a ‘priority date’ is specified by the Act (as in ss 44 and 60) in which case the Relevant Date applies.
[3] Food Channel Network Pty Ltd v Television Food Network GP [2010] FCAFC 58, [32] (Keane CJ, Stone and Jagot JJ).
[4] Telstra Corporation Ltd v Phone Directories Co Pty Ltd [2015] FCAFC 156, [133] (Besanko, Jagot and Edelman JJ).
[5] Southern Cross Refrigerating Co v Toowoomba Foundry Pty Ltd [1954] HCA 82, [4] (Kitto J).

Opponent

According to Bohan, the Opponent is a leading global investment management firm which has been operating for over 40 years. The Opponent employs approximately 450 people worldwide. One of the Opponent’s affiliates, GMO Australia Limited, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Opponent and has been providing financial investment services in Australia since at least 1995.
The Opponent is the owner of the following Australian trade mark registration (‘Opponent’s Trade Mark’):

Trade mark number

Trade mark

Priority date

Services

843518

23 May 2000

Class 36:

Financial services namely investment management investment advice, investment consultation and investment of funds for others in class 36

Discussion

Section 44 relevantly provides:
(1) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), an application for the registration of a trade mark (applicant’s trade mark) in respect of goods (applicant’s goods) must be rejected if:
(a) the applicant’s trade mark is substantially identical with, or deceptively similar to:
(i) a trade mark registered by another person in respect of similar goods or closely related services; or
(ii) a trade mark whose registration in respect of similar goods or closely related services is being sought by another person; and
(b) the priority date for the registration of the applicant’s trade mark in respect of the applicant’s goods is not earlier than the priority date for the registration of the other trade mark in respect of the similar goods or closely related services.
…
(2) Subject to subsections (3) and (4), an application for the registration of a trade mark (applicant's trade mark) in respect of services (applicant's services) must be rejected if:
(a) it is substantially identical with, or deceptively similar to:
(i) a trade mark registered by another person in respect of similar services or closely related goods; or
(ii) a trade mark whose registration in respect of similar services or closely related goods is being sought by another person; and
(b) the priority date for the registration of the applicant's trade mark in respect of the applicant's services is not earlier than the priority date for the registration of the other trade mark in respect of the similar services or closely related goods.
In order to establish the ground under s 44, the Opponent must identify a trade mark which is registered or pending registration, in the name of a person other than the Holder, which has an earlier priority date than the Relevant Date, is substantially identical with, or deceptively similar to the Trade Mark, and is registered in respect of goods or services which are similar and/or closely related to the Holder’s Goods and Services. The Opponent relies on the Opponent’s Trade Mark as the basis for this ground of opposition.
I confirm that the priority date of the Opponent’s Trade Mark is earlier than the Relevant Date. I turn then to the question of whether the Trade Mark is substantially identical with, or deceptively similar to, the Opponent’s Trade Mark. The trade marks are reproduced below.

17. Trade Mark

Opponent’s Trade Mark

Whether two trade marks are substantially identical is determined on a side-by-side comparison having regard to the essential features of the trade marks and the total impression of resemblance or dissimilarity that emerges from the comparison.[6]
[6] Shell Co of Australia Ltd v Esso Standard Oil (Australia) Ltd [1963] HCA 66, [12] (Windeyer J).
Upon a side-by-side comparison of the Trade Mark and the Opponent’s Trade Mark, it is apparent that they share the same three letter initialism. I consider that any differences in stylisation are inconsequential when assessing the trade marks as a whole. The three letter initialism, being GMO, remains the essential feature of each trade mark. Absent any other differentiating features, a total impression of resemblance emerges. As such, the Opponent’s Trade Mark and the Trade Mark are substantially identical.
I will now consider whether the Holder’s Goods and Services are similar or closely related to the services in the Opponent’s Trade Mark.

Comparison of Goods and Services

In respect of the similarity between parties’ services, s 14 relevantly provides:
…
(2) For the purposes of this Act, services are similar to other services:
(a) if they are the same as the other services; or
(b) if they are of the same description as that of the other services.
In Accor Australia & New Zealand Hospitality Pty Ltd v Liv Pty Ltd (‘Accor’), the Full Court stated:
As to whether particular impugned services might properly be understood as services of the same description as services for which a trade mark is registered, the features to be considered are likely to include these considerations:
(1)The inherent character of each of the services for which the trade mark is registered. That may emerge as a function of language but it is likely to be the subject of evidence: for example, what does “an hotelier” actually do? What precisely is involved in providing “property management services”?
(2)To whom are the services offered?
(3)How are they provided?
(4)How are they used?
(5)What is their purpose?
(6) Are they bundled together with other services?
(7) Are they differentiated by the functional level at which they are provided: wholesale or retail?
(8) Where do they originate?
(9) What is the method of their communication to the relevant target audience: is it predominantly by electronic means, domain names, websites, Twitter, Facebook or other means such as other trade brochures and journals?
(10) How closely contestable are the services in substance: are they in the same market or trade?
(11) How might consumers of the services perceive the services: see, for example, E & J Gallo Winery v Lion Nathan Australia Pty Ltd [2009] FCAFC 27; (2009) 175 FCR 386, per Moore, Edmonds and Gilmour JJ at [71]‑[73].[7]
[7] [2017] FCAFC 56, [339] (Greenwood, Besanko and Katzmann JJ) (‘Accor’).
As to whether the Holder’s goods are closely related to the services of the Opponent’s Trade Mark, the term ‘closely related’ is not defined with in the Act. However, it has been considered in a number of cases. In Enagic Co Ltd v Horizons (Asia) Pty Ltd (No 3), Charlesworth J stated:
The phrase “closely related” is to be interpreted having regard to the objects of the TMA, which can be discerned in part in the definition of a trade mark as an indicia of the origin of goods or services. Section 44(2) is plainly intended to address the mischief that may be created where two marks are the same or deceptively similar. It recognises the potential for confusion in the minds of consumers as to the origin of goods in respect of which a mark is registered or sought to be registered and the origin of services in which an identical or a deceptively similar mark is registered, or sought to be registered as the case may be. The more closely related the goods on the one hand and the services on the other, the greater the potential for confusion as to whether they originate from the same person. Whether the relevant services and the relevant goods are “closely related” is to be assessed in that context and in a commercially sensible way, having regard to all legitimate uses of the Opposed Mark.[8]
[8] [2021] FCA 1512, [33].
In the current matter, the majority of the Holder’s claims are for goods and services which plainly do not conflict with the Opponent’s financial investment services. The Holder’s Goods and Services are extensive, spanning 16 classes. Some of the classes contain an assortment of unrelated goods and services. The Opponent submits that goods and services which conflict with the Opponent’s services are scattered throughout the 16 classes. While this may be true, I need only compare the Holder’s Goods and Services to a relatively narrow range of services, being those of the Opponent’s Trade Mark.

Closely Related Goods

The Opponent’s services include management, advice and consultation in relation to financial investments as well as the investment of funds for others. The Macquarie Dictionary defines ‘investment’ as ‘the investing of money or capital in order to secure profitable returns, especially interest or income’.[9] With that in mind, although the Opponent’s services are within the broad category of financial services they are specifically directed towards utilising money or capital to secure profitable returns.
[9] Macquarie Dictionary (online at 25 October 2024) ‘investment’ (def 1).
The Opponent brought to my attention certain claims of the Holder’s Goods and Services which it considers to be similar and/or closely related to the Opponent’s services. Whist I note that the particular goods and services highlighted by the Opponent are intended to be indicative only, they nevertheless provide a convenient starting point for my consideration of whether the Holder’s Goods and Services are similar and/or closely related to the Opponent’s services.
A review of the Holder’s class 9 goods reveals an assortment of goods. The specification includes personal protective equipment, power supply apparatus, computer hardware, computer software, various electrical and electronic components and items such as egg-candlers, fire extinguishers and various telecommunications apparatus. Many of the aforementioned goods are evidently not closely related to the Opponent’s services. For example, the Opponent’s service may involve the use of telecommunication apparatus, but this alone does not make such services and goods closely related. Using a machine to provide a service is not the same as providing the machine. Whilst I am satisfied that the majority of the Holder’s class 9 goods are not closely related to the Opponent’s services, I turn to consider the goods which have been specifically brought to my attention by the Opponent.
The Opponent submits that the following goods are closely related:
electronic publications for use in the reporting of, or relating to financial reporting, financial investment, financial trading, foreign exchange; electronic publications for use on digital players relating to financial and monetary trading; electronic publications concerning … transactions, financial matters, business transactions.[10]
[10] Opponent’s submissions, Annexure A.
I note that the trade marks are substantially identical, which is a relevant factor in determining whether there is a tangible danger of deception and confusion among consumers. While electronic publications and financial investment services are different in nature, the subject matter of the electronic publications concerns financial reporting, investment, trading, foreign exchange, financial matters and business transactions. Due to the similarity of the trade marks, and the nexus of similarity between financial investing and publications on the same subject matter, I consider it likely that a consumer who is aware of the Opponent’s Trade Mark and sees the Trade Mark used in relation to electronic publications of this nature would reasonably infer they are from a related trade source.
The Holder’s Goods in class 16 include a broad claim for stationery as well as various paper goods such as pamphlets, postcards, stickers, napkins, pocket memorandum books. The Holder’s Goods in class 24 comprise towels of textile; banners and flags, not of paper. The Holder’s Goods in class 25, are various clothing articles and clothing accessories. The Holder’s Goods in class 28 covers various goods in the nature of toys, games and dolls. Plainly these goods do not conflict with the Opponent’s services. It is clear that these goods are different in nature, use and are offered through different trade channels when compared to the Opponent’s services.
For completeness I do not consider the Holder’s Goods to be closely related to the Opponent’s services other than the specific electronic publications in class 9 set out above.

Similar Services

In my consideration of whether any of the Holder’s Services conflict with the Opponent’s services I am mindful of the substantially identical nature of the trade marks.
The Holder’s Services in class 35 include an expansive range of services, many of which plainly are not similar to the Opponent’s services. For example, administrative services relating to the referral of soccer players; business operation of shopping malls for others; business management of sports people; provision of commercial information relating to recent trend in the field of music business do not conflict with the Opponent’s services. There are also numerous claims for services in the field of advertising and promotion, together with rental of various office equipment services, which do not conflict with the Opponent’s services. I note the Opponent’s submissions that the following services in class 35 of the Holder’s services should be considered similar to the services in the Opponent’s Trade Mark:
business management research and surveys; business management research and analysis; administration of accounts on behalf of others; business management for others; office functions relating to management of monetary claims for others; economic forecasting and analysis; business management analysis and business advisory; provision of information relating to business management analysis and business advisory; business management analysis or business consultancy; business management analysis, business advisory or business consultancy and providing information thereof; provision of business information; provision of business statistical information; business condition research and surveys; accounting; drawing up of statements of accounts; provision of business information relating to preparation, auditing or attesting of financial statements; consultancy services in the field of drawing up of statements of accounts; provision of information relating to drawing up of statements of accounts; business management and administration; business advisory, consultancy and information services; advisory services relating to business management and business operations; business information; provision of information on business management of companies; providing information and advice relating to… financial matters, business transactions; retail or wholesale store services namely… financial matters, business transactions; retail or wholesale store services namely financial matters, business transactions; information processing for fund settlement using computer communication network.[11]
[11] Opponent’s submissions, Annexure A.
I consider that these services conflict with the services claimed in the Opponent’s Trade Mark. Often, business services and financial investment services are considered similar, they are similar in nature and can be offered through the same trade channels. In addition, claims such as economic forecasting and analysis are likely to inform investment related decisions. Similarly, provision of information on business management and business operations may also be relevant to investment decisions. Consumers are unlikely to be aware of any distinction that may exist between the services offered under the Opponent’s Trade Mark and the class 35 services listed above. Given the nexus of similarity between the class 35 services and the services claimed in the Opponent’s Trade Mark, I consider that a consumer would have cause to wonder whether the provision of the class 35 services under the Trade Mark is connected to the Opponent.

As noted above the Holder requested an amendment to its services in class 36. The requested amendment deleted many of the services which the Opponent identified as similar or the ‘same kind of thing’ in its submissions. The remaining claims in the nature of agency services, such as agencies for collecting gas or electric power utility payments; agencies for brokerage of buying and selling golf membership rights and resort club membership rights, are clearly different in nature, use and trade channels to the Opponent’s services.
A review of the items claimed in class 36 of the Holder’s Services shows additional services, which are similar to the Opponent’s services. Specifically:
processing of bank transfer transactions via the Internet; electronic funds transfer; agencies for electronic funds transfer and consultancy relating thereto; processing of electronic cash transactions; electronic commerce payment services; provision of information relating to electronic commerce payment; electronic commerce payment collection agency services; credit management of electronic commerce payment for buyer company; electronic commerce payment services through electronic communications networks; money transfer by electronic means; agency for providing the deposit balance by telephone, facsimile and Internet; transfer of funds by telephone, facsimile, the Internet; agency for providing the details of transaction statement by telephone, facsimile, Internet; deposit or payment instructions; agencies for brokerage of deposit or payment instructions; buying and selling of virtual currency or exchange with other virtual currency; management of user's money or virtual currency in relation to buying and selling of virtual currency or exchanging with other virtual currency; electronic virtual currency transfer services; issuing and management of electronic virtual currency; virtual currency transfer and payment services; providing electronic payment of virtual currency used by members of online community via global computer network; derivative transaction of virtual currency; agency for providing the deposit balance by telephone, facsimile and Internet; transfer of funds by telephone, facsimile, the Internet; agency for providing the details of transaction statement by telephone, facsimile, Internet; agencies for brokerage of deposit or payment instructions; issuing, trading and management of virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency.

It is likely that the Opponent would provide these services as part of its offering of financial investment services on behalf of others. A consumer who is aware of the financial investment services offered by the Opponent may infer that services relating transfers or deposits of funds, management of virtual currency and brokerage services in connection with a substantially identical trade mark are from the same trade source.
The Opponent submits that the following services in class 41 conflict with the Opponent’s services:
provision of educational information via global computer networks, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; providing of training and education, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; educational services relating to commodities futures market conditions; publication of printed matter in electronic form, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; providing electronic publications, nondownloadable, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of electronic publications relating to electronic virtual currency.

The Holder’s Services in class 41 services are educational in nature, whereas the Opponent’s services are directed towards financial investing. Therefore, both are different in nature. The provision of investment services for consumers is not the same as the provision of education services, even where the education relates specifically to the same subject. Having regard to the considerations set out in Accor, I consider that the class 41 services are different in nature, use and trade channels.
The Opponent submits that design and creation of computer programs related to accounting-related operations and finance-related operations; provision of non-downloadable computer programs related to accounting related business and financial related business in class 42 is similar to the Opponent’s services. I think that these services in class 42 which include a range of software related services, are fundamentally different to the financial investment services of the Opponent. Various software services may assist a trader in offering certain other services to consumers but it does not follow that someone engaged in the provision of financial services also develops and sells software for carrying on trade in that industry.
The Opponent’s submissions did not advance any potential conflict under s 44 between the Opponent’s services and the Holder’s Services particularised in classes 37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 44 and 45. The Opponent bears the onus and given it has not contested these services, nor are there any claims which, on their face, would be considered similar, the ground under s 44 is not established in respect of them.
However, as discussed, the s 44 ground of opposition is established in respect of the following goods and services:
Class 9: electronic publications for use in the reporting of, or relating to financial reporting, financial investment, financial trading, foreign exchange; electronic publications for use on digital players relating to financial and monetary trading; electronic publications concerning … transactions, financial matters, business transactions.
Class 35: business management research and surveys; business management research and analysis; administration of accounts on behalf of others; business management for others; office functions relating to management of monetary claims for others; economic forecasting and analysis; business management analysis and business advisory; provision of information relating to business management analysis and business advisory; business management analysis or business consultancy; business management analysis, business advisory or business consultancy and providing information thereof; provision of business information; provision of business statistical information; business condition research and surveys; accounting; drawing up of statements of accounts; provision of business information relating to preparation, auditing or attesting of financial statements; consultancy services in the field of drawing up of statements of accounts; provision of information relating to drawing up of statements of accounts; business management and administration; business advisory, consultancy and information services; advisory services relating to business management and business operations; business information; provision of information on business management of companies; providing information and advice relating to… financial matters, business transactions; retail or wholesale store services namely… financial matters, business transactions; retail or wholesale store services namely financial matters, business transactions; information processing for fund settlement using computer communication network
Class 36: processing of bank transfer transactions via the Internet; electronic funds transfer; agencies for electronic funds transfer and consultancy relating thereto; processing of electronic cash transactions; electronic commerce payment services; provision of information relating to electronic commerce payment; electronic commerce payment collection agency services; credit management of electronic commerce payment for buyer company; electronic commerce payment services through electronic communications networks; money transfer by electronic means; agency for providing the deposit balance by telephone, facsimile and Internet; transfer of funds by telephone, facsimile, the Internet; agency for providing the details of transaction statement by telephone, facsimile, Internet; deposit or payment instructions; agencies for brokerage of deposit or payment instructions; buying and selling of virtual currency or exchange with other virtual currency; management of user's money or virtual currency in relation to buying and selling of virtual currency or exchanging with other virtual currency; electronic virtual currency transfer services; issuing and management of electronic virtual currency; virtual currency transfer and payment services; providing electronic payment of virtual currency used by members of online community via global computer network; derivative transaction of virtual currency; agency for providing the deposit balance by telephone, facsimile and Internet; transfer of funds by telephone, facsimile, the Internet; agency for providing the details of transaction statement by telephone, facsimile, Internet; agencies for brokerage of deposit or payment instructions; issuing, trading and management of virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency.
As the Opponent has established a ground of opposition under s 44 in relation to the above goods and services, it is no longer necessary for those particular goods and services to be considered in relation to the other grounds of opposition pressed by the Opponent. As such, what follows is my decision in relation to the goods and services for which the ground of opposition under s 44 was not established (‘Remaining Goods and Services’).

Section 58

Section 58 provides that a trade mark may be opposed on the basis that the applicant is not the owner of the trade mark.
Ownership of a trade mark is established either by authorship and prior use, or by the combination of authorship, the filing of the application and an intention to use or authorise use.[12]
[12] Pham Global Pty Ltd v Insight Clinical Imaging Pty Ltd [2017] FCAFC 83, [29] (Greenwood, Jagot and Beach JJ).
To successfully oppose an application under s 58, the Opponent must establish three factors:

that the Trade Mark is identical or substantially identical to the trade mark relied upon by the Opponent;[13]
that the Remaining Goods and Services are the ‘same kind of thing’ as the services for which the trade mark relied upon by the Opponent was used;[14] and
that a person other than the Holder has the earlier claim to ownership of the Trade Mark based on use of the trade mark relied upon by the Opponent prior to whichever is the earlier of: (a) the application to register; or (b) any actual use of the Trade Mark in Australia by the Holder.[15]
[13] Carnival Cruise Lines Inc. v Sitmar Cruises Limited [1994] FCA 936 (Gummow J).
[14] Re Hicks’ Trade Mark [1897] VicLawRp 118 (Holroyd J).
[15] Settef SpA v Riv-Oland Marble Co (Vic) Pty Ltd (1987) 10 IPR 402, 413 (McGarvie J).

For the reasons discussed above, I consider the trade marks are substantially identical. Therefore, I must now consider whether the Opponent has used its trade mark for the same kind of thing as the Remaining Goods and Services. The evidence establishes that the Opponent’s Trade Mark has been used in respect of all the services specified in its registration.
In Colorado Group Ltd v Strandbags Group Pty Ltd Allsop J considered the meaning of the ‘same kind of thing’ in respect of goods. The test is directed to ‘identifying, in a practical, common sense way, the true equivalent kind of thing or article’.[16] His Honour noted, for example, that use of a trade mark upon hatchets or small axes created proprietorship in relation to axes, per Jackson & Co v Napper (1886) Ch D 160.[17] Conversely, his Honour considered that a backpack, although belonging to the same genus of goods as other bags, handbags, purses or wallets, was not essentially the same or the same kind of thing as them.[18] Accordingly, the test that applies to the ‘same kind of thing’ under s 58 is a narrower test than that of ‘similar goods’ or ‘similar services’ under s 44.
[16] [2007] FCAFC 184, [89] (‘Colorado’).
[17] Ibid.
[18] Ibid, [90].
The Remaining Goods and Services contain claims that have been considered under s 44 not to amount to ‘similar services’ to those of the Opponent within the meaning of s 14. Given the threshold of ‘similar services’ is lower than that of the ‘same kind of thing’, it follows that the Remaining Goods and Services cannot be meet the higher threshold required for s 58.
Therefore, the ground under s 58 is not established.

Section 60

The Opponent relies on the Opponent’s Trade Mark for this ground of opposition.
Section 60 provides:
The registration of a trade mark in respect of particular goods or services may be opposed on the ground that:
(a) another trade mark had, before the priority date for the registration of the first-mentioned trade mark in respect of those goods or services, acquired a reputation in Australia; and
(b) because of the reputation of that other trade mark, the use of the first-mentioned trade mark would be likely to deceive or cause confusion.
To establish this ground of opposition, the Opponent must demonstrate:
- A reputation was acquired by another trade mark in Australia before the Relevant Date; and

That because of the reputation of the other trade mark, use of the Trade Mark would be likely to deceive or cause confusion.

Reputation

Reputation in the context of s 60, refers to the ‘recognition of the [mark] by the public generally’.[19] Reputation is not assumed, it must be established by the Opponent as a matter of fact.[20]
[19] McCormick & Co Inc v McCormick [2000] FCA 1335, [81] (Kenny J) (‘McCormick’).
[20] ConAgra Inc v McCain Foods (Australia) Pty Ltd [1992] FCA 159, [77] (Lockhart J) (‘ConAgra’).
The relevant reputation must be amongst a significant or substantial number of persons.[21] What amounts to a significant or substantial number of people is informed by the relevant market and the nature of the goods or services in question.[22]
[21] Renaud Cointreau v Cordon Bleu International Ltee [2001] FCA 1170, [75] (Moore, Tamberlin and Goldberg JJ).
[22] Le Cordon Bleu BV v Cordon Bleu International Ltee [2000] FCA 1587, [91] (Heerey J).
There are a number of factors that are relevant in establishing reputation, such as demonstrating that a large number of people have been exposed to the trade mark,[23] evidence that demonstrates high sales volumes, and expenditure in relation to advertising and promotion of goods bearing the trade mark.[24] There are also qualitative aspects to the reputation of a trade mark, these concern the image and values projected by the trade mark, which affects the esteem or favour in which the mark is held by the public generally.[25]
[23] ConAgra (n 19), [118].
[24] McCormick (n 18), [86].
[25] Rodney Jane Racing Pty Ltd v Monster Energy Company [2019] FCA 923, [83] (O’Bryan J).
Bohan provides 53 annexures, evidencing the reputation of the Opponent’s Trade Mark in relation to the provision of financial investment services. The evidence indicates that the Opponent’s services are provided to a wide variety of clients, including endowments, foundations; employee benefit, pension and contribution plans; governmental and supranational entities; family offices; high net worth individuals; taxable entities; investment companies; pooled investment vehicles; trusts; other institutions (including financial intermediaries) and individuals (including individual retirement accounts).[26] The gross total sales figures pertaining to use of the Opponent’s Trade Mark in Australia, claimed to be confidential, are substantial.[27]
[26] Annexure DB-1.
[27] Annxure DB-47
The evidence shows that the Opponent’s Trade Mark is used in third party publications on the subject of information and consultancy services within the financial and general business sector. Annexure DB-15 shows how the Opponent’s Trade Mark is used in publications which seek comment from the Opponent on various financial and investment matters. Annexure DB-16 contains articles written by the Opponent as a commentator on investment strategy. The articles demonstrate that the Opponent’s Trade Mark is published in the Financial Times, Australian Financial Review and The Economist which highlight the Opponent’s expertise within the financial services industry. Bohan asserts that the Financial Times in particular is accessed by in excess of 3 million Australian readers, which enhances the reputation of the Opponent’s Trade Mark. The other publications, which display the Opponent’s Trade Mark, receive similar levels of readership.[28]
[28] Bohan, [7.12].
The Opponent promotes its trade mark at various luncheons and conferences concerning the financial industry.[29] Bohan declares that a range of merchandise bearing the Opponent’s Trade Mark was displayed and/or distributed at these events, including GMO-branded pens, notepads, post-it notes and banners. The evidence directed toward the advertising and marketing of the Opponent’s Trade Mark provides details of where and when the events were held, however, there is no evidence to show that the Opponent’s Trade Mark was applied to stationery.
[29] Annexures DB-40; DB-41; DB-42; DB-43.
The Opponent has been recognised at numerous industry awards, including, as a finalist for being the best global macro/futures fund in the 2018 Australian Investment Awards.[30] The Opponent was also recognised at the 2018 Professional Planner Zenith Fund Awards.[31] Further evidence of the reputation of the Opponent’s Trade Mark is seen in Annexure DB-46 which is a copy of an email sent to customers in January 2022, which summarises the Opponent’s global investment activities, publications, conferences, events and awards.
[30] Annexure DB-44.
[31] Annexure DB-45.
The evidence establishes that the Opponent’s Trade Mark has a significant reputation in Australia in relation to financial investment management, advice and consultation. The Opponent is often called on to provide commentary on various financial matters, receives global recognition and awards relating to the financial industry, and promotes its services through online and social media platforms and various printed publications. Through all of this activity the Opponent’s Trade Mark has developed a reputation in relation to financial investment management services in Australia.

Likelihood of Deception and Confusion

The likelihood of deception or confusion is not automatically established upon the Opponent demonstrating a reputation in the relied upon trade mark. Under s 60(b), the Opponent is required to establish a causal connection between the reputation of the Opponent’s Trade Mark and the likelihood that use of the Trade Mark will deceive or cause confusion.
The test for deception or confusion turns on whether use of the Trade Mark would result in a reasonable number of people being caused to wonder whether the Remaining Goods and Services are from the same trade source as another trade mark.[32] This determination is informed by a number of relevant factors, including, the strength of the reputation of the other trade mark, the similarity between the Remaining Goods and Services and the services associated with the reputation of the other trade mark, and the degree of similarity between the relevant trade marks.
[32] Registrar of Trade Marks v Woolworths Ltd [1999] FCA 1020, [50] (French J).
As stated in relation to my consideration under s 44, the Opponent’s Trade Mark and the Trade Mark are substantially identical.
The Opponent submits that because of its reputation in its trade mark, the following of the Remaining Goods and Services, are of concern in respect of s 60:
Class 9: electronic publications for use in the reporting of, or relating to contracts for difference, spread betting, wagering, gaming and gambling; electronic publications for use on digital players relating to spread betting contracts for difference trading; downloadable computer programs for managing or trading electronic virtual currency, cryptocurrency or tokens; application computer programs for remittance and management of electronic virtual currency.
Class 35: credit card sales account management; provision of market research information; marketing research or analysis; provision of business statistical information; accountancy services relating to e-commerce accounts receivable; procurement of contracts for the purchase and sale of goods in the field of e-commerce; business management and administration in the field of e-commerce.
Class 36:; provision of information relating to credit card payment via the Internet; agencies for on-line payment for the purchase and sale of goods; credit and debit card services; provision of information relating to credit and debit card payment; credit card factoring services; agency services for issuance of credit cards; credit card services; provision of information relating to credit card payment; credit card purchase protection; credit guarantee for credit card members using credit cards; credit authorization for transactions when credit cards are used; consultancy relating to credit card payment processing services; providing credit card transaction information; processing of credit card payments; agency services for credit card authorization services via computer communication system; agency services for processing of credit card payments via computer communication system; agencies for collecting money; processing of debit card payments; transfer of funds of debit cards; factoring; factoring agency services; issuance of prepaid cards for others; issuance of prepaid cards; agencies for brokerage of issuance of prepaid cards and providing information thereof; providing bank account transaction information; agency services for opening a bank account, including provision of instructions for opening a bank account; issuance of bank checks; provision of information relating to automatic cash payment balances and deposit balances; agencies for collecting reception fee; money collection agency; agencies for collecting subscription fee; processing of consumer credit transactions; letter-of-credit related services; account transfer services enabling to convey a message when making a transfer; bank transfer transactions by telecommunication; settlement of funds through the telecommunication network; agencies for collection of communication charges; issuance of electronic prepaid cards; providing information on the issue of electronic money; procedures services of depositing electronic money to electronic card kept by electronic money user; electronic funds transfer; agencies for electronic funds transfer and consultancy relating thereto; processing of electronic cash transactions; electronic commerce payment services; provision of information relating to electronic commerce payment; electronic commerce payment collection agency services; credit management of electronic commerce payment for buyer company; electronic commerce payment services through electronic communications networks; money transfer by electronic means;; issuance of travelers' checks; traveler's check cashing services; rental of coin changers; exchanging money; exchanging money including electronic virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency used in on-line game; issuing of prepaid virtual currency, including which is exchangeable for any virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency to receive product purchases and services within virtual space; issuing of legal currency collateral type virtual currency; issuing of collateral type virtual currency; issuing of non-collateral type virtual currency; issuing of virtual currency; consumer credit services.
Class 38: providing access to computer communication networks for processing of credit card payment.
Class 41: On-line game services featuring off shore foreign exchange wagering, betting and gambling; consultancy, information and instruction services relating to on-line game services featuring off shore foreign exchange wagering, betting and gambling.
Class 42: provision of computer communication program and application program for credit card payment procedure and information processing and maintenance by the program; rental of information processing systems related to credit card transactions including those using computer communication networks; rental of computer programs for information processing systems (including those using computer communication networks) for payment of funds; rental of server area for payment or credit card transactions; research on information processing system for fund settlement or credit card transaction; design, creation or maintenance of an information processing system using a computer for fund settlement or credit card transaction.

The evidence before me establishes that the Opponent’s Trade Mark has a significant reputation in respect of its financial investment services. I note that the degree of reputation required also depends on the similarity between the trade marks.[33]
[33] Hugo Boss AG v Jackson International Trading Co Kurt D Bruhl Gesellschaft MbH & Co KG [1999] ATMO 23 (Hearing Officer Thompson).
The class 9 goods identified by the Opponent as being of concern in respect of the s 60 ground of opposition include electronic publications for use in the reporting of, or relating to contracts for difference, spread betting, wagering, gaming and gambling, downloadable computer programs and application computer programs for the purposes of managing or trading electronic virtual currency, cryptocurrency or tokens. A contract for difference may form part of an investment strategy,[34] the computer program claims are also in relation the management or trading of various virtual currency. Taking into account the substantially identical nature of the trade marks and the reputation of the Opponent’s Trade Mark in relation to financial investment services, I agree with the Opponent’s submission that use of the Trade Mark in relation the class 9 services identified above are likely to deceive or cause confusion. It is likely that because of the reputation of the Opponent’s Trade Mark, use of the Trade Mark on these goods may deceive or cause confusion.
[34]contracts for difference (CFD) (glossary definition) - Moneysmart.gov.au (accessed 22 November 2024).
The class 35 services identified by the Opponent as being of concern in respect of the s 60 ground of opposition include credit card sales, marketing services and e-commerce services. The evidence does not establish that use of the Trade Mark in relation to these services is likely to deceive or cause confusion. Most of the class 35 services identified are different in nature, and use. Further none of the evidence before me establishes that the reputation of the Opponent’s Trade Mark extends to credit card sales, accounting or e-commerce. However, I note that the services include a broad claim for provision of market research information. I consider that use of the Trade Mark in relation to the provision of market research information may deceive or cause confusion where the market research information is relevant to or may inform investment decisions.
The class 36 services identified by the Opponent as being of concern in respect of the s 60 ground of opposition include a broad range of commercial banking services such as debit and credit card services, agency services for the provision of various financial services as well as financial services relating to virtual currency. Given the substantially identical nature of the trade marks and the strength of the Opponent’s reputation in relation to its financial investment services I consider that use of the Trade Mark in relation to the above-mentioned class 36 services would be likely to deceive or cause confusion.
In relation to the remaining services identified by the Opponent, there is no evidence that the reputation of the Opponent’s Trade Mark is such that use of the Trade Mark in relation to the services identified by the Opponent in classes 38, 41 and 42 would deceive or cause confusion.
As such I find that the Opponent has established a ground of opposition under s 60 in respect of the following goods and services:
Class 9: electronic publications for use in the reporting of, or relating to contracts for difference, spread betting, wagering, gaming and gambling; electronic publications for use on digital players relating to spread betting contracts for difference trading; downloadable computer programs for managing or trading electronic virtual currency, cryptocurrency or tokens; application computer programs for remittance and management of electronic virtual currency.
Class 35: provision of market research information
Class 36: processing of bank transfer transactions via the Internet; provision of information relating to credit card payment via the Internet; agencies for on-line payment for the purchase and sale of goods; credit and debit card services; provision of information relating to credit and debit card payment; credit card factoring services; agency services for issuance of credit cards; credit card services; provision of information relating to credit card payment; credit card purchase protection; credit guarantee for credit card members using credit cards; credit authorization for transactions when credit cards are used; consultancy relating to credit card payment processing services; providing credit card transaction information; processing of credit card payments; agency services for credit card authorization services via computer communication system; agency services for processing of credit card payments via computer communication system; agencies for collecting money; processing of debit card payments; transfer of funds of debit cards; factoring; factoring agency services; issuance of prepaid cards for others; issuance of prepaid cards; agencies for brokerage of issuance of prepaid cards and providing information thereof; providing bank account transaction information; agency services for opening a bank account, including provision of instructions for opening a bank account; issuance of bank checks; provision of information relating to automatic cash payment balances and deposit balances; agencies for collecting reception fee; money collection agency; agencies for collecting subscription fee; processing of consumer credit transactions; letter-of-credit related services; account transfer services enabling to convey a message when making a transfer; bank transfer transactions by telecommunication; settlement of funds through the telecommunication network; agencies for collection of communication charges; issuance of electronic prepaid cards; providing information on the issue of electronic money; procedures services of depositing electronic money to electronic card kept by electronic money user; electronic funds transfer; agencies for electronic funds transfer and consultancy relating thereto; processing of electronic cash transactions; electronic commerce payment services; provision of information relating to electronic commerce payment; electronic commerce payment collection agency services; credit management of electronic commerce payment for buyer company; electronic commerce payment services through electronic communications networks; money transfer by electronic means; agency for providing the deposit balance by telephone, facsimile and Internet; transfer of funds by telephone, facsimile, the Internet; agency for providing the details of transaction statement by telephone, facsimile, Internet; agencies for brokerage of deposit or payment instructions; issuance of travelers' checks; traveler's check cashing services; rental of coin changers; exchanging money; exchanging money including electronic virtual currency; issuing, trading and management of virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency used in on-line game; issuing of prepaid virtual currency, including which is exchangeable for any virtual currency; buying and selling of virtual currency or exchange with other virtual currency; management of user's money or virtual currency in relation to buying and selling of virtual currency or exchanging with other virtual currency; electronic virtual currency transfer services; issuing and management of electronic virtual currency; virtual currency transfer and payment services; providing electronic payment of virtual currency used by members of online community via global computer network; derivative transaction of virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency to receive product purchases and services within virtual space; issuing of legal currency collateral type virtual currency; issuing of collateral type virtual currency; issuing of non-collateral type virtual currency; issuing of virtual currency; consumer credit services.

As the Opponent has established grounds of opposition under ss 44 and 60 in respect of some of the Holder’s Goods and Services these do not require consideration under the last ground of opposition pressed by the Opponent, being s 42. Therefore, I will limit my consideration of the s 42 ground of opposition to those that have not been identified above.

Section 42

Section 42(b) relevantly provides:

An application for the registration of a trade mark must be rejected if:

(a) …
(b) its use would be contrary to law.

The Opponent relies on ss 18 and 29 of the Australian Consumer Law (‘ACL’) of Schedule 2 of the Competition and Consumer Act 2010 (Cth) and the tort of passing off as the bases for the ground of opposition under s 42(b).
In order to establish an opposition under s 42(b), the Opponent must demonstrate on the balance of probabilities that use of the Trade Mark would, as opposed to could or might, contravene ss 18 or 29 of the ACL.[35]
[35] Advantage-Rent-A-Car Inc v Advantage Car Rental Pty Ltd [2001] FCA 683, [28] (Madgwick J).
Section 18 of the ACL concerns conduct or representations that have, or are likely to, mislead or deceive. Section 29 of the ACL concerns representations that are false or misleading.
The test for conduct contravening the ACL is stricter than the test under s 60.[36] It follows that the goods and services that were not found to be in issue under s 60 within this decision also do not contravene s 42 (b). Where use of a trade mark does not contravene s 18 of the ACL it will not amount to the tort of passing off.[37]
[36] Monster Energy Company v Mixi Inc [2020] FCA 1398, [33] (Stewart J).
[37] Hachette Filipacchi Presse v KIND TO ME Pty Ltd [2024] ATMO 204, [97] (Hearing Officer Robertson).
The ground of opposition under s 42(b) is not established.

Decision

Regulation 17A.34N provides:

17A.34N Decision on Opposition

(1) Unless the opposition proceedings are discontinued or dismissed, the Registrar must decide:
(a) to refuse protection in respect of all of the goods or services listed in the IRDA;
or
to extend protection in respect of some or all of the goods or services listed in the IRDA (with or without conditions or limitations);
having regard to the extent (if any) to which the grounds on which the IRDA was opposed have been established.
(2) The Registrar must notify the International Bureau of the Registrar’s decision.

I am satisfied that the Opposition has been established, under ss 44 and 60, in respect of the following goods and services at Annexure B. That being the case, I extend protection of the IRDA in respect of the following goods and services at Annexure C.

Costs

The Opponent has sought an award of costs. As both parties had a measure of success, it is appropriate that the parties bear their own costs.

Jonathon Galloway

Hearing Officer

Delegate of the Registrar of Trade Marks

29 November 2024

Annexure A

Holder’s Goods and Services

Class 9: Integrated circuit cards [smart cards]; chips [integrated circuits]; computer programs for Internet access; downloadable music files; downloadable image files; data carriers recorded with computer programs for Internet access; data carriers recorded with interactive multimedia video game programs; weight belts for scuba diving; wet suits for scuba diving; air tanks for scuba diving; ozonisers [ozonators]; gas alarms; downloadable cloud computing software; electric cables; cable connectors; computers; supercomputers; computer game software; computer software; data carriers recorded with computer programs read by computer; data carriers recorded with computer security programs for computer network; downloadable computer programs in computer network; computer hardware; downloadable computer program, computer program, recorded; electronic circuits, magnetic discs and magnetic tapes recorded with computer programs; computer peripheral devices; computer game programs, downloadable computer game programs; computer servers; data carriers recorded with computer programs; data carriers recorded with computer programs for system management; silicon chips; sprinkler systems for fire protection; smart cards [integrated circuit cards]; smartphones; computer programs for smartphones; downloadable computer programs for smartphones; exposed slide films; slide film mounts; time and date stamping machines; time clocks [time recording devices]; downloadable computer game programs; downloadable computer programs for trading in securities; downloadable musical sound recordings; downloadable image or movie files; tablet computers; data carriers recorded with computer programs for data storage, data retrieval and data storage; data carriers recorded with computer programs for database management, database processing, database integration and database operation; data processing apparatus; digital audio players; digital video players; data carriers recorded with computer programs for facilitating access to and communication with network server, host computer and client's apparatus; network servers; punched card office machines; billing machine; printed circuits; printed circuit boards; data processing apparatus optimized for approving transaction and operating for confirmation in a blockchain network; computer programs for use of blockchain technology; regulators for scuba diving; phonograph records; observation rocket; sports training simulators; cinematographic machines and apparatus; exposed cinematographic films; processors [central processing units]; processors optimized for virtual currency mining; electronic circuits, magnetic discs, optical discs, magneto-optical discs, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs and magnetic tapes in which computer programs for home video game machines are recorded; consumer video game programs; fire alarms; image processing apparatus; rotary converters; eyeglasses; life saving apparatus and equipment; electronic circuits, magnetic discs, optical discs, magneto-optical discs, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs and magnetic tapes in which computer programs for arcade video game machines are recorded; game programs for arcade video game machines; cash registers; electronic publications for use in the reporting of, or relating to financial reporting, financial investment, financial trading, foreign exchange, contracts for difference, spread betting, wagering, gaming and gambling; electronic publications for use on digital players relating to financial and monetary trading, spread betting and contracts for difference trading; computer programs for personal digital assistants; downloadable computer programs for personal digital assistants; cell phones; computer programs for mobile telephones; electronic circuits and CD-ROMs recorded with programs for hand-held games with liquid crystal displays; calculating machines; slide-rules; egg-candlers; optical machines and apparatus; optical data media; coin counting or sorting machines; time recording apparatus; gloves for protection against accidents; magnetic data media; magnetic cores; photographic apparatus and instruments; photocopying apparatus; hand-held calculators; integrated circuits; electronic chips for the manufacture of integrated circuits; fire hose nozzles; fire extinguishers; fireplugs; fire engines; fire boats; vehicle breakdown warning triangles; simulators for the steering and control of vehicles; mathematical instruments; connection cables; breathing apparatus for underwater swimming; measuring or testing machines and instruments; central processing unit coolers; coin-operated mechanisms for operating gates for car parking lots; phase modifiers; telecommunication cables; downloadable computer programs for mobile phones via telecommunication network, downloadable computer game programs via telecommunication network; resistance wires; railway signal apparatus, luminous or mechanical; electrolysers; electric buzzers; computers; electric or magnetic meters and testers; identification system for the access to telecommunication network; telecommunication machines and apparatus; access apparatus connecting to telecommunication network; electrodes; power adapters; power connectors; power switches; electrical power supplies; electronic machines, apparatus and their parts, namely, electronic machines and replacement parts therefore for reading credit cards and recording financial operations, electronic calculators, electronic timing apparatus, namely, electronic timers, electronic broadcasting apparatus, namely, broadcasting apparatus of sound or images, electronic broadcasting apparatus, namely, transmitters, electronic telecommunications apparatus for network communication, electronic telecommunications apparatus, namely, radio transmitters and mobile telecommunication transmitters, wireless transmitters and receivers, exchangers, electrical transformers, and electronic animal identification apparatus, personal digital assistants; downloadable computer programs for managing or trading electronic virtual currency, cryptocurrency or tokens; application computer programs for remittance and management of electronic virtual currency; coolers for computers; computer programs; electronic publications concerning computer technology, IT systems and infrastructure, electronic communications and transactions, financial matters, business transactions and services provided via the internet; computer hardware and computer software for electronic signature; computer programs for electronic signature system; electronic cables; computer programs for electronic authentication; electric wires and cables; electrical cells and batteries; burglar alarms; power distribution or control machines and apparatus; coolers for power distribution or control machines and apparatus; road signs, luminous or mechanical; voting machines; electronic circuits, magnetic discs and magnetic tapes and other data media recorded with computer programs enabling multiple users to access application programs on remote computers; protective helmets; dust masks; fireproof garments; gas masks; postage stamp checking apparatus; welding masks; laboratory apparatus and instruments; audio and video recordings; recorded video discs and video tapes; semi-conductors; semi-conductor memories; semiconductor wafers; circuit boards; secure terminals for electronic transactions.

Class 16: Calendars; seals [stationery]; pamphlets; posters; picture postcards; stationery; stickers; hygienic hand towels of paper; towels of paper; table napkins of paper; handkerchiefs of paper; hand towels of paper; banners of paper; paper bunting; pocket memorandum books; pocket memorandum book covers.

Class 24: Towels of textile; banners and flags, not of paper.

Class 25: Garters; trouser straps; waistbands; belts for clothing; special clothing for sports; special footwear for sports; masquerade costumes; sock suspenders; horseriding boots; clothing; footwear [other than special footwear for sports].

Class 28: Toys; controllers for game consoles; balls for games; games; dice; sugoroku board games; cups for dice; Chinese checkers games; chess games; checkers games; video game machines; dominoes; playing cards; trading card games; billiard equipment; Mahjong games; toys for domestic pets; Go board games; sporting articles; home video game machines; uta-garuta playing cards; hanafuda playing cards; arcade video game machines; hand-held games with liquid crystal displays; parlor games; conjuring apparatus; Japanese chess (shogi games); dolls; fishing tackle; amusement machines and apparatus for use in amusement parks; game machines and apparatus; consumer video games apparatus.

Class 35: Event marketing; procurement of contracts for the purchase and sale of goods via the Internet shopping malls; business operation of shopping malls for others on the Internet; provision of space on web sites for advertising goods and services; procurement of contracts for the purchase and sale of goods through the Internet; agency services for negotiation and procurement of contracts for others relating to buying and selling of goods by mail order through the Internet; providing employment information via the Internet; provision of advertising space on web sites; rental of advertising space on web sites; credit card sales account management; providing advice and information relating to business management regarding computer system operations; data search in computer databases for others; data search in computer databases for others and providing information thereof; compilation and systemization of information into computer databases; systemization of information into computer databases; providing information relating to compilation and systemization of information into computer databases; compilation of information into computer databases; computerized file management; data search in computer files for others; business management regarding computer system operations; providing advice and information relating to business management and business operations of computer systems; Business or recruitment referral services for computer engineers; providing commercial information relating to companies via computer communication; business management and business operations of computer and computer systems; business organization, administration or management of fan clubs of soccer teams and other sports teams; agency services for negotiation and procurement of contracts between soccer players or other sports players and sports teams; business organization, administration or management of fan clubs of soccer players and other sports players; agency services for negotiation and procurement of advertising appearance contracts for soccer players or other sports players; administrative services relating to the referral of soccer players; business operation of shopping malls for others; business management of sports people; administrative services relating to the referral of athletes; sponsorship search; provision of company information; procurement of contracts for the purchase and sale of goods; leasing of typewriters and copying machines; rental of typewriters and copying machines; rental of office equipment, namely, time recording devices; dissemination of advertising matter by direct mail; business management and administration assistance for entertainers to comply with obligation based on the contracts; compilation and input of information into computer databases; business administration of computerized digital certificates issuance and management; clerical services for registration of domain names; clerical services for renewal or extension of registration of domain names or IP address for others; clerical services for registration of domain names or IP address for others; promoting the goods and services of others through the administration of sales and promotional incentive schemes involving trading stamps, coupons, point cards and discount cards; promoting the goods and services of others by distributing coupons or points; promoting the goods and services of others through the administration of sales and promotional incentive schemes involving trading stamps; provision of information relating to business; advertising agencies by videotex; providing information concerning commercial sales by fax order; business management and business operations relating to franchising; business management and recruitment for point card memberships; business management of hotels; marketing; marketing advisory services and providing information thereof; leasing of word processing apparatus; office functions; advertising agencies via satellite communication; provision of commercial information relating to recent trend in the field of music business; arranging and conducting exhibitions of voice data and telecommunication goods for commercial purposes; business management research and surveys; business management research and analysis; agency services for procurement of contracts for others relating to buying and selling of goods or business partnership, and providing information thereof; administration of accounts on behalf of others; provision of information relating to company management know-how; business management for others; providing employment information; auctioneering; auctioneering, including through the Internet; providing information regarding auctioneering, including through the Internet; providing information concerning commercial sales of printed instructional materials; office functions relating to management of monetary claims for others; economic forecasting and analysis; business management analysis and business advisory; provision of information relating to business management analysis and business advisory; business management analysis or business consultancy; business management analysis, business advisory or business consultancy and providing information thereof; provision of business information; provision of business statistical information; business condition research and surveys; accounting; Business or recruitment referral services for entertainers; business management of entertainers; operation assistance to commercial businesses, namely, reception or guidance for visitors in building; search engine optimization; collection, management and analysis of business information regarding customers; provision of customer information; ordering services for others in a safe and secured SSL online transaction; customer service management; consulting about customer relationship management; organization, operation, supervision and consultancy of loyalty rewards programmes, and providing information thereof; advertising; arranging and conducting of advertising events; provision and rental of space for advertising goods and services, including via the Internet; rental of advertisement space and advertising material; advertising design services; information services relating to advertising; advertising and publicity services; analysis and research of advertising response and providing information thereof; dissemination of advertising matter; writing of publicity texts; advertising video production; publicity material rental; conducting consumer's trend surveys; conducting buyer awareness surveys; conducting buyer behavior surveys; drawing up of statements of accounts; provision of business information relating to preparation, auditing or attesting of financial statements; consultancy services in the field of drawing up of statements of accounts; provision of information relating to drawing up of statements of accounts; booking agent services for writers, performers, comedians, disc jockeys, musicians, producers and dancers; business management of writers, performers, comedians, disc jockeys, musicians, producers and dancers; provision of market research information; consultancy relating to strategic marketing; marketing research; provision of information relating to marketing research; marketing research or analysis; provision of business statistical information; business management and administration; business advisory, consultancy and information services; advisory services relating to business management and business operations; business information; provision of information on business management of companies; office functions and provision and providing information thereof; procurement services for others relating to office requisites; rental of vending machines; arranging and conducting of sales demonstration for promotional purposes; demonstration of goods for advertising purposes; computerized file management of stored data and on-demand retrieval of electronic data; providing information regarding computerized file management of converted and stored data and on-demand retrieval of pictures and texts data; document reproduction; organization of events, exhibitions, fairs and shows for commercial, promotional and advertising purposes; organization of exhibitions and trade fairs for commercial or advertising purposes; provision of information relating to merchandising; provision of information relating to sales accounts and sales ranking; commercial intermediation services; provision of information relating to commercial intermediation services; provision of information relating to commercial sales; provision of information relating to sales business performance; promoting the goods and services of others through advertisements; promoting goods and services of others through prize draws, quiz, lotteries, questionnaires and games, and providing information thereof; book-keeping for payment for goods; provision of information relating to consumer evaluations and reports relating to goods and producers; employment agency services; arranging newspaper subscriptions for others; providing business information on newspaper articles; shorthand secretarial services; purchasing goods and services for other businesses; commercial administration of the licensing of the goods and services of others; intellectual property information retrieval services for others; dissemination of advertising via on-line communications networks; providing information concerning commercial sales by mail order; providing information concerning sales of telecommunication apparatus and instruments and electronic machines and apparatus by mail order; administrative processing of purchase orders within the framework of services provided by mail-order companies; providing business assistance to others in the operation of data processing apparatus namely, computers, typewriters, telex machines and other similar office machines; business management and business operations of computer and computer information network; accountancy services relating to e-commerce accounts receivable; procurement of contracts for the purchase and sale of goods in the field of e-commerce; business management and administration in the field of e-commerce; administration of loyalty rewards programs featuring purchase points for promoting e-commerce; provision of information and advisory services relating to e- commerce; administrative processing of purchase orders of goods within the framework of services provided by telephone, Internet and mail order companies; transcription services; clerical services for administration of employee welfare benefit plans; office functions, namely filing, in particular documents or magnetic tapes; import-export agency services; business management and administration in the field of temporary personnel employment services; recruitment of temporary personnel; temporary personnel employment services; providing information and advice relating to retail of computer technology, IT systems and infrastructure, electronic communications and transactions, financial matters, business transactions and services provided via the internet; business management services of retail services and mail order retail services for others; retail or wholesale store services namely retail or wholesale of downloadable image files, exposed cinematographic films, exposed slide films, slide film mounts, electronic publications, recorded video discs and video tapes, photographic prints and photograph stands concerning computer technology, IT systems and infrastructure, electronic communications and transactions, financial matters, business transactions and services provided via the internet; retail or wholesale store services featuring prerecorded magnetic data carriers and blank magnetic data carriers; retail or wholesale store services namely retail or wholesale of printed matter concerning computer technology, IT systems and infrastructure, electronic communications and transactions, financial matters, business transactions and services provided via the internet; retail or wholesale store services featuring food and beverages; retail or wholesale store services featuring game programs for arcade video game machines and amusement machines and apparatus; retail or wholesale store services featuring bicycles; retail or wholesale store services featuring parts and fittings of bicycles; retail or wholesale store services featuring liquor; retail or wholesale store services featuring wine; retail or wholesale store services featuring electrical machinery and apparatus; retail or wholesale store services featuring electrical machinery and apparatuses, and their parts and accessories; retail or wholesale store services featuring supercomputers; arranging subscriptions to telecommunication network, services for others; arranging subscriptions to communications services by computer terminals for others; agency services for procurement of contracts for credit card membership agreement and providing information thereof; agency services regarding recruitment of and management of credit card members for credit card issuance companies; recruitment and management of credit card members; agency services for procurement of credit card membership contracts; recruitment and management of members and member stores for credit card issuance companies; agency services for procurement of contracts for opening a bank account; data processing and output services by computer for others; information processing related to credit card transaction using computer communication network; information processing for fund settlement using computer communication network; information processing by computers using data input and others; research, planning and consulting for commercial modernization and revitalization of shopping streets; calculation processing by electronic computers; providing information on information processing using computers; information processing using computers; consultancy regarding merchandising based on intellectual property such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, and designs

Class 36: Automated teller machine services; agencies for collecting payment for goods sold via the Internet or by other means; processing of bank transfer transactions via the Internet; provision of information relating to credit card payment via the Internet; agencies for on-line payment for the purchase and sale of goods; agencies for collecting gas or electric power utility payments; credit and debit card services; provision of information relating to credit and debit card payment; credit card factoring services; agency services for issuance of credit cards; credit card services; provision of information relating to credit card payment; credit card purchase protection; credit guarantee for credit card members using credit cards; credit authorization for transactions when credit cards are used; consultancy relating to credit card payment processing services; providing credit card transaction information; processing of credit card payments; agencies for brokerage of buying and selling of golf membership rights and resort club membership rights; rental of a building used as computer rooms; agency services for credit card authorization services via computer communication system; agency services for processing of credit card payments via computer communication system; agencies for collecting money; processing of debit card payments; transfer of funds of debit cards; factoring; factoring agency services; issuance of prepaid cards for others; issuance of prepaid cards; agencies for brokerage of issuance of prepaid cards and providing information thereof; payment services of rent, administration costs and parking fee; settlement of payment on behalf of installment sales users; providing bank account transaction information; agency services for opening a bank account, including provision of instructions for opening a bank account; issuance of bank checks; management of buildings; agency services for the leasing or rental of buildings; leasing or renting of buildings; purchase and sale of buildings; agency services for the purchase or sale of buildings; rental of cash dispensers or automated-teller machines; rental of cash dispensers; inquires services of balance of cash payments and balance in account; rental of automated-teller machines; providing information or advice on personal pension insurance; personal pension insurance underwriting; brokerage of conclusion of personal pension insurance contract; agencies for collecting fees for public services; provision of detailed contents for each transaction item related to account transaction; underwriting insurance coverage for purchased products; debt collection agency services; electronic processing of payments; providing information on private pension insurance; organizing denominations of bills and coins; rental of paper money and coin counting machines; providing formation on rental of banknote calculators, coin calculators, cash dispensers and automatic teller machines or consultancy relating thereto; charitable fund raising; organisation of charitable collections; provision of information relating to automatic cash payment balances and deposit balances; agencies for collecting reception fee; money collection agency; agencies for collecting subscription fee; issuing gift certificates which may then be redeemed for goods or services; consigned collection of payment for goods; agencies for collecting sales value of goods; check verification; check guarantee; processing of consumer credit transactions; letterof-credit related services; account transfer services enabling to convey a message when making a transfer; consultation and advice on life insurance; provision of information relating to life insurance; life insurance underwriting; life insurance brokerage; issuance of tokens of value; agencies for issuance or sale of prepaid certificate (prepaid card); consultation and advice on non-life insurance; provision of information relating to non-life insurance; claim adjustment for non-life insurance; non-life insurance underwriting; agencies for non-life insurance; safe deposit box services; bank transfer transactions by telecommunication; settlement of funds through the telecommunication network; agencies for collection of communication charges; issuance of electronic prepaid cards; providing information on the issue of electronic money; procedures services of depositing electronic money to electronic card kept by electronic money user; electronic funds transfer; agencies for electronic funds transfer and consultancy relating thereto; processing of electronic cash transactions; electronic commerce payment services; provision of information relating to electronic commerce payment; electronic commerce payment collection agency services; credit management of electronic commerce payment for buyer company; electronic commerce payment services through electronic communications networks; money transfer by electronic means; agency for providing the deposit balance by telephone, facsimile and Internet; transfer of funds by telephone, facsimile, the Internet; agency for providing the details of transaction statement by telephone, facsimile, Internet; agencies for collecting telephone charges, water charges, gas charges, electricity charges, rent, administrative fee, parking fee, insurance premiums, credit sales, installment fee, housing loan and others; real estate management services relating to land; agency services for the leasing or rental of land; leasing of land; purchase and sale of land; agency services for the purchase or sales of land; payment for lottery winners; payment for lottery winners services for others; providing advice and information relating to payment for lottery winners; deposit or payment instructions; agencies for brokerage of deposit or payment instructions; investigation, analysis and study relating to insurance coverage of victim relief and collection, processing and provision of information and consultancy relating thereto; insurance consultancy; providing information in insurance matters; insurance underwriting; insurance services; insurance brokerage; insurance information; collection of insurance premiums; insurance premium rate computing; provision of financial information regarding generating lottery tickets and winning results; safe deposit services; provision of savings accounts information; issuance of travelers' checks; traveler's check cashing services; travel non-life insurance brokerage; rental of coin changers; exchanging money; exchanging money including electronic virtual currency; issuing, trading and management of virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency used in on-line game; issuing of prepaid virtual currency, including which is exchangeable for any virtual currency; buying and selling of virtual currency or exchange with other virtual currency; management of user's money or virtual currency in relation to buying and selling of virtual currency or exchanging with other virtual currency; electronic virtual currency transfer services; issuing and management of electronic virtual currency; virtual currency transfer and payment services; rental of automatic cash dispensers or automated teller machines for electronic virtual currency; providing electronic payment of virtual currency used by members of online community via global computer network; derivative transaction of virtual currency; issuing of prepaid electronic virtual currency to receive product purchases and services within virtual space; issuing of legal currency collateral type virtual currency; issuing of collateral type virtual currency; issuing of non-collateral type virtual currency; issuing of virtual currency; consumer credit services.

Class 37: Installation, maintenance and repair of LED lighting apparatus; repair of toys or dolls; repair or maintenance of computer network machines, systems and peripherals; computer network wiring; repair or maintenance of computers; upgrading of computer hardware; installation of computer hardware; consultancy relating to the installation of computer hardware; repair and maintenance of smartphones; repair or maintenance of home video game machines; repair or maintenance of apparatus and instruments for mobile phones; repair or maintenance of portable games with liquid crystal displays; construction; construction consultancy; construction of optical telecommunication; construction of communication network system; installation of communication network; advice on installation of communication network; interference suppression services for electrical apparatus; repair or maintenance of telecommunication machines and apparatus; repair or maintenance of electronic machines and apparatus; repair or maintenance of consumer electrical appliances; installation of radio systems and networks; repair or maintenance of amusement machines and apparatus; repair or maintenance of refrigerating apparatus; installation of refrigerating apparatus.

Class 38: On-demand audio and video broadcasting services via broadband wireless access systems and computer networks; on-demand transmission of audio and images via broadband wireless access systems and computer networks; providing access to computer communication networks for processing of credit card payment; computer aided transmission of messages, data and images; communications by cellular phones with security features; communications by computer terminals with security features;

communication by mobile telephone communication; telecommunication services; communication by computer terminals; encrypted data transmission; providing information about data transmission; telex services; television broadcasting; video-ondemand data transmission services; facsimile transmission; radio broadcasting; mobile telephone communication; rental of satellite communication facilities; rental of tuners for satellite communication; rental of decoders for satellite communication; transmission of sounds, images and text date; transmission of sounds, data or images; providing access to LANs between companies and providing information thereof; providing information regarding data communication via broadband wireless access systems; television broadcasting via broadband wireless access systems; video and sound transmission using broadband wireless access systems; transmission of electronic mail using broadband wireless access systems; chat room services via broadband wireless access systems; communications by telephone via broadband wireless access systems and the Internet; providing access to broadband wireless access systems and computer networks; providing information with regard to broadcasting of television programs via broadband wireless access systems and computer networks; audio broadcasting services via broadband wireless access systems and computer networks; electronic mail via broadband wireless access systems and computer networks; communications by computer terminals via broadband wireless access systems and computer networks; providing access to communication networks by computer terminals via broadband wireless access systems; communications by computer terminals, mobile telephone devices and home video games by using broadband wireless access systems; rental of telecommunication equipment including telephones and facsimile apparatus for broadband wireless access systems; providing information regarding rental of telecommunication equipment including telephones and facsimile apparatus for broadband wireless access system; rental of modulators and demodulators [modems] for broadband wireless access systems; telecommunication, other than broadcasting; telecommunication, other than broadcasting and advice relating thereto; telecommunications advice and consultancy; information about telecommunication; transmission of electronic mail; electronic mail forwarding services; chat room services; communications by computer terminals; consultancy regarding communications by computer terminals; providing telecommunications connections to a global computer network; communications by telegrams; communications by telephone; rental of telecommunication equipment including telephones and facsimile apparatus; news agency services; broadcasting services; rental of equipment for broadcasting; transmission of information via wireless networks; paging services; cable television broadcasting; providing access to e-commerce platforms on the Internet; Signal transmission for electronic commerce via telecommunication systems and data communication systems; transmission of the contents (message) about the account transfer; rental of access time to a block chain network or a distributed ledger network.

Class 39: Providing road and traffic information by means of the Internet or other communication network; travel arrangement and reservation services provided online, excluding those for lodging; physical storage of electronically stored data, documents, digital photos, music, images, videos or computer games; packaging of goods; cargo handling; freight brokerage; conducting of travel tours; warehousing services; air transport; car transport; boat transport; ship brokerage; rental of warehouse space; temporary safekeeping of personal belongings; car parking; providing road and traffic information via telecommunications networks; delivery of goods by mail order; railway transport; physical storage of electronically stored data or documents; temporary storage of e-commerce deliveries; traffic information; providing road and traffic information; temporary storage of deliveries; storage; storage information; transport; transportation logistics; transport reservation; transportation information; travel arrangement and reservation services, excluding those for lodging; escorting of travel tours; transportation, storage and delivery of wines.

Class 40: Offset printing; photogravure; developing, printing and enlarging images taken by digital cameras; rental of machines and apparatus for computer modification and printing of digital image data taken by digital cameras; digital printing; printing of digitally stored pictures and photographs; photographic processing and retouching; printing services via communication network; printing; rental of printing machines and apparatus; processing of cinematographic films; photographic printing; photographic enlarging; rental of machines and apparatus for film development, photograph printing, photograph enlargement or photograph finishing; photographic processing; photographic reproduction; photographic printing of photographic images; photoengraving; photographic film development; custom manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus and electronic machines and apparatus; custom manufacture of telecommunication apparatus; digital on-demand printing of books and other documents; plate-making services; bookbinding; custom assembling of electrical machinery and apparatus and their parts; custom assembling of telecommunication apparatus; custom assembling of electronic machines and apparatus.

Class 41: On-line game services featuring off shore foreign exchange wagering, betting and gambling; consultancy, information and instruction services relating to on-line game services featuring off shore foreign exchange wagering, betting and gambling; toy rental; providing non-downloadable electronic publications on on-line casino; arranging, conducting and organization of online game competitions; online electronic publications relating to casino games provided online from a computer network; casino game services provided online from a computer network; information services relating to provision of casino games provided online from a computer network; information services relating to casino provided online from a computer network; game services provided online from a computer network; provision of games through electronic communication; providing videos, images and movies via the Internet; providing music or voice via the Internet; providing casino facilities; provision of information relating to casino; rental of cameras; providing amusement arcade services; organization, arranging and conducting of game events; organization, arranging and conducting of game tournaments or competitions; organization, arranging and conducting of professional golf tournaments or competitions; provision of information relating to games, musical performances and movie showing via global computer networks; provision of games, musical performance, video for movies and sound via global computer networks; provision of educational information via global computer networks, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to provision of games via a computer communications network; organization, arranging and conducting of soccer games; educational and instruction services relating to arts, crafts, sports or general knowledge for soccer players and other sport players, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; rental of ski equipment; rental of skin diving equipment; on-line game services featuring, spread betting services, foreign exchange spread betting, and foreign exchange wagering; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to on-line game services featuring spread betting services, foreign exchange spread betting, and foreign exchange wagering; arranging of seminars, workshops, conferences and symposiums relating to spread betting services, foreign exchange spread betting, foreign exchange wagering, betting, gambling, and gaming services; organization of sports events and competitions; provision of information relating to sports events; provision of information relating to sports events via wireless or cable communication networks; provision of information relating to results of sports competitions; provision of information relating to holding of sports events and competitions; provision of information relating to results of sports events or sports team ranking; educational services to sports players, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; arrangement, management, conducting and organization of seminars, symposiums, conferences, lectures, workshops and studies and providing information thereof, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to seminars, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; arranging, conducting and organisation of seminars and providing information thereof, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; arranging, conducting and organization of seminars, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; planning, managing or holding seminars relating to electronic virtual currency; rental of television sets; rental of film negatives; arranging, conducting and organization of seminars relating to business, health and other topics, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; photography by video cameras; provision of information relating to showing of videotape films; organization, arranging and conducting of boxing matches; rental of film positives; rental of radio sets; arranging, conducting and organisation of seminars for interindustry exchanges, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; publication and editing of printed matter, except for advertising purposes, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; providing sports facilities; information services relating to providing sports facilities; provision of information relating to movie showing, movie film production, or movie film distribution; movie theatre presentations or movie film production and distribution; rental of cine-films; rental of cinematographic apparatus and accessories; provision of information relating to teaching English conversation; providing amusement facilities for virtual-reality; rental of image-recorded magnetic tapes; organization, arranging and conducting of conferences, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to schools, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; information relating to training of human resources development of companies; educational and instruction services relating to arts, crafts, sports or general knowledge, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; educational services relating to electronic virtual currency; provision of information relating to educational and instruction services relating to arts, crafts, sports or general knowledge, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; organization, arranging and conducting of boat races; organization, arranging and conducting of horse races; organization, arranging and conducting of bicycle races; organization of educational, entertainment, sporting and cultural events, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; production of videotape film in the field of education, culture, entertainment or sports, not for movies or television programs and not for advertising or publicity, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to production of videos in the field of education, culture, entertainment or sports, not for movies or television programs and not for advertising or publicity, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; production of videos in the field of education, culture, entertainment or sports, not for movies or television programs and not for advertising or publicity, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; production of videos or data carriers in the fields of education, culture, entertainment or sports, not for movies or television programs and not for advertising or publicity, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; booking of seats for sporting events; providing of training and education, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; providing information on donation of human corpses for medical education; arranging of donation of human corpses for medical education; rental of photographic equipment; rental of coin-operated cameras; photography; editing of photographs; rental of paintings and calligraphic works; publication of books, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to publication of books, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; educational services relating to commodities futures market conditions; organisation, arranging and conducting of motorcycle races; plant exhibitions; book rental; reference libraries of literature and documentary records, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to reference libraries of literature and documentary records, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; reference libraries of literature and documentary records or providing information thereof, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; educational services relating to inheritance and general succession of assets; providing online electronic publications, not downloadable, relating to inheritance and general succession of assets; organization, arranging and conducting of sumo wrestling competitions; teaching, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to teaching and education, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; reference libraries of literature and documentary records via communication networks, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; on-line game services; language interpreter services; gardens for public admission; arranging, conducting and organization of online conference, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; publication of printed matter in electronic form, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; providing electronic publications, nondownloadable, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of electronic publications relating to electronic virtual currency; operating lotteries; provision of information relating to operating lotteries; agency services for organization and operating of lotteries; animal exhibitions; animal training; caves for public admission; art exhibitions; art exhibitions and providing information thereof; translation; provision of information relating to baseball or other sports competitions and their results; organization, arranging and conducting of baseball games; rental of amusement machines and apparatus; rental of game machines and apparatus for facilities for plays; rental of playing equipment; dubbing; rental of image recordings; operating lotteries and provision of information relating to results of lotteries; digital photo composition.

Class 39: Providing road and traffic information by means of the Internet or other communication network; travel arrangement and reservation services provided online, excluding those for lodging; physical storage of electronically stored data, documents, digital photos, music, images, videos or computer games; packaging of goods; cargo handling; freight brokerage; conducting of travel tours; warehousing services; air transport; car transport; boat transport; ship brokerage; rental of warehouse space; temporary safekeeping of personal belongings; car parking; providing road and traffic information via telecommunications networks; delivery of goods by mail order; railway transport; physical storage of electronically stored data or documents; temporary storage of e-commerce deliveries; traffic information; providing road and traffic information; temporary storage of deliveries; storage; storage information; transport; transportation logistics; transport reservation; transportation information; travel arrangement and reservation services, excluding those for lodging; escorting of travel tours; transportation, storage and delivery of wines

Class 40: Offset printing; photogravure; developing, printing and enlarging images taken by digital cameras; rental of machines and apparatus for computer modification and printing of digital image data taken by digital cameras; digital printing; printing of digitally stored pictures and photographs; photographic processing and retouching; printing services via communication network; printing; rental of printing machines and apparatus; processing of cinematographic films; photographic printing; photographic enlarging; rental of machines and apparatus for film development, photograph printing, photograph enlargement or photograph finishing; photographic processing; photographic reproduction; photographic printing of photographic images; photoengraving; photographic film development; custom manufacture of electrical machinery and apparatus and electronic machines and apparatus; custom manufacture of telecommunication apparatus; digital on-demand printing of books and other documents; plate-making services; bookbinding; custom assembling of electrical machinery and apparatus and their parts; custom assembling of telecommunication apparatus; custom assembling of electronic machines and apparatus

Class 41: On-line game services featuring off shore foreign exchange wagering, betting and gambling; consultancy, information and instruction services relating to on-line game services featuring off shore foreign exchange wagering, betting and gambling; toy rental; providing non-downloadable electronic publications on on-line casino; arranging, conducting and organization of online game competitions; online electronic publications relating to casino games provided online from a computer network; casino game services provided online from a computer network; information services relating to provision of casino games provided online from a computer network; information services relating to casino provided online from a computer network; game services provided online from a computer network; provision of games through electronic communication; providing videos, images and movies via the Internet; providing music or voice via the Internet; providing casino facilities; provision of information relating to casino; rental of cameras; providing amusement arcade services; organization, arranging and conducting of game events; organization, arranging and conducting of game tournaments or competitions; organization, arranging and conducting of professional golf tournaments or competitions; provision of information relating to games, musical performances and movie showing via global computer networks; provision of games, musical performance, video for movies and sound via global computer networks; provision of educational information via global computer networks, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to provision of games via a computer communications network; organization, arranging and conducting of soccer games; educational and instruction services relating to arts, crafts, sports or general knowledge for soccer players and other sport players, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; rental of ski equipment; rental of skin diving equipment; on-line game services featuring, spread betting services, foreign exchange spread betting, and foreign exchange wagering; consultancy, information and advisory services relating to on-line game services featuring spread betting services, foreign exchange spread betting, and foreign exchange wagering; arranging of seminars, workshops, conferences and symposiums relating to spread betting services, foreign exchange spread betting, foreign exchange wagering, betting, gambling, and gaming services; organization of sports events and competitions; provision of information relating to sports events; provision of information relating to sports events via wireless or cable communication networks; provision of information relating to results of sports competitions; provision of information relating to holding of sports events and competitions; provision of information relating to results of sports events or sports team ranking; educational services to sports players, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; arrangement, management, conducting and organization of seminars, symposiums, conferences, lectures, workshops and studies and providing information thereof, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to seminars, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; arranging, conducting and organisation of seminars and providing information thereof, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; arranging, conducting and organization of seminars, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; planning, managing or holding seminars relating to electronic virtual currency; rental of television sets; rental of film negatives; arranging, conducting and organization of seminars relating to business, health and other topics, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; photography by video cameras; provision of information relating to showing of video tape films; organization, arranging and conducting of boxing matches; rental of film positives; rental of radio sets; arranging, conducting and organisation of seminars for interindustry exchanges, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; publication and editing of printed matter, except for advertising purposes, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; providing sports facilities; information services relating to providing sports facilities; provision of information relating to movie showing, movie film production, or movie film distribution; movie theatre presentations or movie film production and distribution; rental of cine-films; rental of cinematographic apparatus and accessories; provision of information relating to teaching English conversation; providing amusement facilities for virtual-reality; rental of image-recorded magnetic tapes; organization, arranging and conducting of conferences, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to schools, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; information relating to training of human resources development of companies; educational and instruction services relating to arts, crafts, sports or general knowledge, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; educational services relating to electronic virtual currency; provision of information relating to educational and instruction services relating to arts, crafts, sports or general knowledge, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; organization, arranging and conducting of boat races; organization, arranging and conducting of horse races; organization, arranging and conducting of bicycle races; organization of educational, entertainment, sporting and cultural events, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; production of videotape film in the field of education, culture, entertainment or sports, not for movies or television programs and not for advertising or publicity, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to production of videos in the field of education, culture, entertainment or sports, not for movies or television programs and not for advertising or publicity, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; production of videos in the field of education, culture, entertainment or sports, not for movies or television programs and not for advertising or publicity, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; production of videos or data carriers in the fields of education, culture, entertainment or sports, not for movies or television programs and not for advertising or publicity, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; booking of seats for sporting events; providing of training and education, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; providing information on donation of human corpses for medical education; arranging of donation of human corpses for medical education; rental of photographic equipment; rental of coin-operated cameras; photography; editing of photographs; rental of paintings and calligraphic works; publication of books, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to publication of books, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; educational services relating to commodities futures market conditions; organisation, arranging and conducting of motorcycle races; plant exhibitions; book rental; reference libraries of literature and documentary records, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to reference libraries of literature and documentary records, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; reference libraries of literature and documentary records or providing information thereof, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; educational services relating to inheritance and general succession of assets; providing online electronic publications, not downloadable, relating to inheritance and general succession of assets; organization, arranging and conducting of sumo wrestling competitions; teaching, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of information relating to teaching and education, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; reference libraries of literature and documentary records via communication networks, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; on-line game services; language interpreter services; gardens for public admission; arranging, conducting and organization of on-line conference, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; publication of printed matter in electronic form, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; providing electronic publications, nondownloadable, excluding services concerning or relating to genetically modified organisms; provision of electronic publications relating to electronic virtual currency; operating lotteries; provision of information relating to operating lotteries; agency services for organization and operating of lotteries; animal exhibitions; animal training; caves for public admission; art exhibitions; art exhibitions and providing information thereof; translation; provision of information relating to baseball or other sports competitions and their results; organization, arranging and conducting of baseball games; rental of amusement machines and apparatus; rental of game machines and apparatus for facilities for plays; rental of playing equipment; dubbing; rental of image recordings; operating lotteries and provision of information relating to results of lotteries; digital photo composition

Class 42: Rental of memory space of servers for storing CGI programs; providing online downloadable computer software as application service provider; design, programming, development and maintenance of application software; rental of application software; software as a service [SaaS]; consultancy and providing information relating to providing computer programs via the Internet or other communication networks; rental of memory space of social networking servers for users to interact on the Internet; creating Internet home pages; providing information relating to creating Internet home pages; providing search engines on the Internet; rental of memory space of servers for electronic meeting rooms on the Internet; rental of memory space of servers for chat rooms on the Internet; providing non-downloadable computer programs via the Internet; providing meteorological information and weather forecasting by the Internet; providing information relating to design, programming or maintenance of computer programs via Internet mails, homepages and other communication networks; providing search engines for domain names via the Internet; digital signature verification for e-commerce or on the Internet; electronic certificate issuance and management for authentication over the Internet and computer networks; consultancy relating to electronic certificate issuance and management for authentication over the Internet and computer networks and computer networks, encryption of digital communication, authentication of electronic signatures in electronic commerce or electronic communication; creation, maintenance and inspection of homepages in Internet communication; acting as agent of online user's identity verification and certification to the third party; consultancy relating to design, programming or maintenance of computer systems for the Internet or other communication networks; compilation of web pages for the Internet; hosting of web sites; hosting of web sites and providing information relating thereto; Computer security services in the nature of providing authentication, issuance, validation and revocation of digital certificates, namely certification of website operators and existence and issuance of electronic certificate relating thereto; authentication of website owners; creating or maintaining web sites for others; creating, designing and maintaining web sites; programming of web pages; consultancy relating to programming or maintenance of web pages; electronic site authoring; providing temporary use of on-line applications and software tools; providing temporary use of on-line non-downloadable software; information processing by online or offline; cloud computing; programming of operating software for accessing and using a cloud computing network; design, creation and maintenance of computer communication program and application program for credit card payment procedure; provision of computer communication program and application program for credit card payment procedure and information processing and maintenance by the program; rental of information processing systems related to credit card transactions including those using computer communication networks; development, design, testing, analysis and advice relating thereto in the field of systems for security, access, authorization, authentication, encryption and identification for computers, computer hardware and computer software; data analysis for detection, prevention and elimination of computer viruses; computer graphics design services; design and development of computer graphic programs; design, programming or maintenance of computers for computer system security and programs for home video games; design, creation or maintenance of computer programs related to computer system security; configuration of computer system and computer network; computer system data backup; computer system data backup and providing information and advice relating thereto; computer system consulting; monitoring of computer systems by remote access; monitoring of computer systems by remote access and providing information and advice relating thereto; computer system development; design, development, programming or maintenance of computer systems and consulting relating thereto; advice relating to the design of computer systems; computer system design and development; computer system analysis; computer system analysis and providing information relating thereto; integration of computer systems and computer networks; computer security consultancy; technical advice relating to operation in the field of computer software, hardware and networks; upgrading of computer software; software design and development; provision of computer software; maintenance of computer software; platform as a service [PaaS]; recovery of computer data; creating of home pages to link to computer database; computer time-sharing services relating to the use of computer databases; providing information relating to computer time-sharing services relating to the use of computer databases; rental of memory space of computer servers; calculation processing and information processing by computer; providing information relating to information processing by computer; consultancy relating to information processing by computer; design of apparatus and equipment used in computer network system; computer network system software consulting; configuration of computer network systems; research, analysis or advice on environment setting of computer network system; consultancy relating to research of computer network system; design and development of computer networks; research, analysis or advice on construction of computer network system; computer network system design; design and construction of computer network system; consulting on design and construction of computer network system; research, analysis or advice on the design and construction of computer network systems; research, analysis or advice on computer network system design; computer network system maintenance; research, analysis or advice on maintenance of computer network system; computer network design, development and maintenance consultancy; computer network design; consulting on computer network design and research; management of computer network and Internet security; design and development of computer hardware and software; rental of computer programs; consultancy relating to encryption and decryption of data or personal identification by computers; conversion of data by computers; conversion of electronic data by computers; computer technology consultancy; consulting relating to design of computers and computer peripherals; advice relating to operation of computer programs or recovery of computer program failure on computers; remote monitoring of computer or communication network system; configuration of programs of computer servers; rental of computers for configuration of computer server programs; rental of memory space of servers and providing information relating thereto; rental of memory space of storage devices in server computers; rental of memory space of servers; authenticating a user of a computer program using Secure Socket Layer (SSL); encryption of electronic computer data using Secure Socket Layer (SSL) or online identification of the user against a third party in electronic commerce; issuing digital certificates with digital certificates that authenticate the identity of websites using Secure Socket Layer (SSL) technology and encrypt the information sent to the server; provision of non-downloadable computer programs for social networking websites; design, creation or maintenance of other computer programs and advice and guidance on these; provision of other non-downloadable computer programs; design, creation and maintenance of other computer programs and computer systems; inspection and evaluation of information security risks in other communication network systems; inspection and evaluation of other communication network system vulnerabilities; provision of a non-downloadable computer program for database management or personal schedule management; designing, other than for advertising purposes; issuance, certification and management of digital certificate in the field of electronic transmission of Secure Socket Layer (SSL) certificates; providing information relating to computer programs, namely, creation of operation manual of computer programs for issuance and management of digital certificate; development and integration of computer system to support digital certificate issuance and management; consulting on creation of homepage in network communication; design, creation or maintenance of homepage in network communication; provision of format conversion or format conversion programs of electronic data through network communication; provision of non-downloadable computer programs for format conversion; design, creation or maintenance of programs for block chain network or distributed ledger network; provision of a non-downloadable program or rental of a program for a block chain network or a distributed ledger network; rental of a computer for a block chain network or a distributed ledger network; design, creation or maintenance of computer program for using block chain technology; creation or maintenance of homepage; providing and consulting information on creating or maintaining a website; creating website for others; rental of a program for creating a homepage; providing a program for creating a homepage; rental of computer programs for editing homepages; rental of memory space of server for storing programs for editing homepages; design, creation or maintenance of homepage or website; advice on the design, creation or maintenance of the homepage or website; maintenance, inspection or management of mail server program; maintenance of computer programs used for mail servers and other computer programs; testing, inspection or research of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics or foodstuffs; design and development of computer software and computer hardware in the field of virtual currency mining and blockchain; design and analysis of computer programs related to virtual currency mining for virtual currency exchange business; design, creation or maintenance of programs for home video game toys; providing scientific and technological information concerning computer systems and electronic communications and transactions; designing of machines, apparatus, instruments and their parts or systems composed of such machines, apparatus and instruments; providing meteorological information; design and creation of computer programs related to accounting-related operations and finance-related operations; provision of non-downloadable computer programs related to accounting related business and financial related business; rental of measuring apparatus; architectural services; consulting on the design of buildings; research on building construction or city planning; providing search engines for the Internet; certification, authentication, issue and management of encrypted access codes by the Public Key Infrastructure; providing application software for security of network infrastructure with Public Key Infrastructure (PKI); testing or research on prevention of pollution; rental of computer programs for information processing systems (including those using computer communication networks) for payment of funds; rental of server area for payment or credit card transactions; research on information processing system for fund settlement or credit card transaction; design, creation or maintenance of an information processing system using a computer for fund settlement or credit card transaction; providing information on the design of interior decoration; survey and research on social welfare and life security; hosting electronic memory space on the Internet for advertising goods and services; information technology [IT] consultancy; design, development and consulting of information processing systems; surveying; hosting a computer site (home page) for a third party; establishment and maintenance of computer site (home page) for third parties; geological research; research, planning and consulting for comprehensive planning, industrial development planning, tourism development; communication network system consulting; testing or research on communication network systems; planning of communication network system and advice relating thereto; design, planning or maintenance of communication network systems software; design and planning of communication network systems; design, development and maintenance of communication network systems software and consulting relating thereto; design and development of communication network systems and consulting relating thereto; design, programming or maintenance of communication network systems software; provision of non-downloadable computer programs for security management in communication networks; design, creation, and maintenance of computer programs and computer systems software used for security management in communication networks; design and creation of computer systems used for security management in communication networks; research and development of information security technology in communication networks; inspection and evaluation of vulnerabilities of computer programs used in communication networks; authentication of electronic data and computers used in communication networks; authentication of communication network operators and issuance of an electronic certificate relating thereto; communication network user authentication; rental of memory space of servers through communication network; certification of the fact that software or electronic data downloaded through the communication network has not been tampered with and issuance of an electronic certificate relating thereto; certification of distributors of software or electronic data downloaded through the communication and issuance of an electronic certificate relating thereto; rental of application software for communication network; providing non-downloadable computer program on communication networks; identification of communication network users and verification of personal data; authentication of e-commerce users via telecommunication lines; weather forecasting; testing or research on electricity; design, creation, maintenance and inspection of homepages in telecommunications; design, creation and maintenance of advertising websites in telecommunications; design of telecommunication equipment; design and development of electronic data security systems; encryption of electronic data; rental of memory space of mail servers for electronic mail recipients; rental of memory space of servers for electronic mail; providing non-downloadable computer programs for electronic mail; providing non-downloadable application programs for remittance and management of electronic virtual currency; rental of memory space of servers for electronic bulletin board, electronic meeting room or chat room; rental of computers; development of manuals being technological consultancy about computers [including central processing units, electronic circuits, magnetic disks, magnetic tape recorded with computer programs and other peripherals] and computer programs; configuration, expansion, change and addition of functions and other optimization of computers [including electronic circuits recorded with computer programs and central processing units, magnetic disks, magnetic tape and other peripherals] and computer programs; technological advice relating to computers, automobiles and industrial machines; computer systems software consultancy; testing, inspection or research of computer systems; advice and consultancy relating to installation of computer programs to computers; computer software design, computer programming, or maintenance of computer software; design of computer hardware; consulting relating to design of computers; providing technical information relating to design of computers; installation of computer programs and advice relating thereto; design, programming or maintenance of computer data processing systems software; design of computer data processing systems; design, creation or maintenance of information processing system software using computer, and advice relating thereto; design and creation of information processing system using computer, and advice relating thereto; data conversion of image information using computers; rental of computer software; remote monitoring of computer programs and computers; consultancy relating to design of computers and computer programs; encryption of data for computers; data encryption for electronic computer data and online user identification and certification to third party in electronic commerce; fault diagnosis and virus check of computer programs; design, creation, development or maintenance of computer programs; design, creation or maintenance of computer programs and provision of advice and information relating thereto; providing non-downloadable computer programs on data networks; user's digital certification for security and certification in downloading and installation of electronic transaction or communication, matching of web domain ownership, SSL certification; provision of non-downloadable application program for electronic signature system; verification of the fact that the electronically signed electronic document has not been tampered with; online verification of the user's identity to a third party in c-commerce; digital signature verification for e-commerce; user authentication in e-commerce; design, creation or maintenance of a computer program (software) for authenticating a user in electronic commerce; online registered users authentication services for easy access control by administrators, namely certifying that the user is a legitimate user who has been authorized to access the website in electronic commerce without entering ID and password; design, creation or maintenance of computer programs used in electronic commerce; provision of non-downloadable computer programs for electronic commerce; providing search engine for e-commerce; rental of servers in communication by computer terminals for electronic commerce; issuance of electronic certificate and installation of computer programs for electronic commerce; e-commerce user authentication; design, creation or maintenance of computer programs for an information processing system used for electronic commerce and advice relating thereto; issuance of electronic certificate; testing or research on civil engineering; rental of computers equipped with customized computer programs for particular users; rental of servers that can create a home page for a specific user; rental of computer programs for creating a home page for a specific user; provision of non-downloadable computer programs creating a website for a specific user; provision of non-downloadable computer programs for authentication, data filing, electronic signature, data encryption, computer virus exclusion; electronic storage of archived e-mails; rental of laboratory apparatus and instruments; computer programming for data processing of mapping via on-line; creating and maintaining websites and website links to geographic information, map images and trip routing; digitalization of analog photos; digital imaging services [digitalization and scanning of images]; electronic storage of digital images; conversion of images from physical to electronic media; digital video image processing

Class 43: Rental of event facilities; temporary accommodation reservations via the Internet; provision of information regarding providing accommodations via Internet and computers; providing campground facilities; providing food and beverages in clubs, restaurants, pubs and cafeteria; provision of information regarding providing food and beverages via computer networks; providing on-line information relating to hotel reservations; child day-care center services consultation and provision of information regarding child day-care center services; provision of information regarding menu, recipe and cooking ingredients of food and beverages; provision of information relating to food and drink recipes; services for providing food and drink; provision of information regarding rental of meeting rooms, exhibition facilities, event facilities, conference facilities, and multipurpose halls; rental of meeting rooms; services for the reservation of rooms; providing temporary accommodation for rest; retirement home services; rental of facilities for conferences or multipurpose halls; temporary accommodation reservations; provision of information regarding popularity ranking of accommodations; providing temporary accommodation; accommodation bureaux services; agency services for procurement of contracts for accommodations; booking of temporary accommodations; providing facilities for exhibitions; pet day care services; boarding for animals; providing child care centers; preschooler and infant care at daycare centers; provision of information relating to daycare centers; introduction and intermediation services for daycare centers; provision of information regarding to daycare reservation status; provision of information regarding cooking menu; provision of information relating to provision of food; providing facilities for banquets or dining parties

Class 44: Aromatherapy services; massage and therapeutic Shiatsu massage; medical information services provided via the Internet; medical consultancy and diagnosis via the Internet; dietary and nutritional guidance via the Internet; physical examination via the Internet; consultancy and diagnosis regarding dental services via the Internet; providing information relating to dental clinic services via the Internet; providing information regarding preparation and dispensing of medication via the Internet; provision of information regarding beauty salons and barber shop services via the Internet; provision of information relating to nursing services for the elderly via the Internet; chiropractic services; moxibustion; sauna services; therapy services; diet counseling; acupuncture; reflexology services; medical care; provision of information relating to medical services; provision of medical information; providing information relating to nutrition; dietary and nutritional guidance; providing hot-spring facilities; nursing care; provision of information relating to health and medical services; health counseling; providing information relating to health management; physical examination services; dentistry services; providing information relating to dentistry; treatment of dislocated joints, sprains or bone fractures [judo-seifuku]; physical rehabilitation; preparation and dispensing of medications; providing information relating to the preparation and dispensing of medications; agency services for reservation of beauty salons and barber shop services via communication network; animal breeding; veterinary services; animal grooming; providing bath houses; agency services for reservation of bath houses; provision of information regarding availability of reservation of bath houses; beauty salon services; providing information related to beauty salons and barber shop; agency services for beauty salons and barber shop services; agency services for reservation of beauty salons and barber shop services; rest home services; barber shop services; agency services for reservation of hospitals; provision of information relating to status of reservation of hospitals

Class 45: Temporary baby sitting services in event hall; Internet-based personal introduction services; fortune-telling via the Internet; providing information about meeting and introduction of friends for users through websites on the Internet; providing information for meeting, introducing individuals as friends and promoting friendship via websites on the Internet; introduction of friends to those who wish to communicate as a friend through websites on the Internet; information relating to fashion coordination services for individuals via communication network or the Internet; online social networking services; licensing of rights relating to television, video and radio programs, productions and formats [legal services]; information relating to fashion coordination services for individuals; babysitting; licensing of radio and television programs [legal services]; licensing of rights to films, television and video productions [legal services]; marriage partner introduction or dating services; providing information regarding marriage and wedding; provision of information relating to verification of personal identification [personal background investigations]; investigation or surveillance services for checking background profiles; guardianship services; providing facilities for wedding ceremonies, including planning and arranging of wedding ceremonies; provision of information relating to provision of facilities for wedding ceremonies, including planning and arranging of wedding ceremonies; legal services relating to social insurance claims; non-therapeutic counselling services rendered to meet the needs of individuals; fortune-telling; consultation regarding intellectual property; research and analysis and provision of legal information relating to intellectual property rights; advice regarding intellectual property; research, collection, analysis and management of information relating to intellectual property; providing information relating to intellectual property; intellectual property consultancy; agency services for transferring of intellectual property; management of intellectual property and agency services for intellectual property license; licensing of or agency services for intellectual property rights; providing information relating to agencies, legal opinion and other legal works regarding intellectual property, including providing information via wireless or cable communication networks; research and management of intellectual property; agency services for purchase, sale or license of intellectual property; agencies of licensing use of intellectual property; agencies of purchase and sale of intellectual property; advice or provision of information regarding use of copyrights, trademark rights, portrait rights, publicity rights and merchandising rights; management of copyrights, trademark rights, portrait rights publicity rights and merchandising rights; legal advice and consultancy regarding merchandising based on intellectual property such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, and designs; agency services for license or assignment contracts of intellectual property such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, and designs; copyright licensing agency services; providing information relating to intellectual property using communication medium; non-therapeutic counselling services rendered to meet the needs of individuals via computer telecommunications; providing information relating to licensing of know-how or intellectual property such as patents, utility model patents, designs, trademarks, copyrights; providing information relating to intellectual property of domestic and foreign countries; legal research and studies about domestic and international intellectual property; caring for babies, excluding services provided at facilities; consultation and provision of information relating to inheritance procedures; agency services for management of intellectual property; Internet domain names registration and management; providing information about Internet domain names registration and management; registration of domain names; provision of information relating to registration of domain names or IP address; identity verification of winners at payment or deliver of money or prize based on a lottery

[2024] ATMO 235

29 November 2024

Key Legal Topics

Areas of Law

Commercial Law

Intellectual Property