R v DBY

Case [2022] QCA 20


SUPREME COURT OF QUEENSLAND

CITATION:

R v DBY [2022] QCA 20

PARTIES:

R
v
DBY
(applicant/appellant)

FILE NO/S:

CA No 286 of 2020
CA No 65 of 2021
SC No 641 of 2019

DIVISION:

Court of Appeal

PROCEEDING:

Application for Extension (Conviction & Sentence)
Miscellaneous Application – Criminal

ORIGINATING COURT:

Supreme Court at Brisbane – Date of Conviction: 2 August 2019 (Bowskill J); Date of Sentence: 8 October 2019 (Brown J)

DELIVERED ON:

22 February 2022

DELIVERED AT:

Brisbane

HEARING DATE:

14 May 2021

JUDGES:

McMurdo and Bond JJA and Mazza AJA

ORDERS:

In CA No 286 of 2020:

1.   Refuse the application for an extension of time.

2.   Refuse the application to adduce additional evidence.

3.   Refuse the application for leave to appeal sentence.

In CA No 65 of 2021:

1.   Refuse the application for an extension of time.

2.   Refuse the application to adduce additional evidence.

3.   Dismiss the appeal against conviction.

CATCHWORDS:

CRIMINAL LAW – APPEAL AND NEW TRIAL – APPEAL AGAINST CONVICTION RECORDED ON GUILTY PLEA – GENERAL PRINCIPLES – where the applicant contested that at the time of entering her plea she was of unsound mind – where there was no evidence capable of demonstrating that at the time of entering the plea the applicant was not of sound mind – where there were no steps taken to withdraw the plea – where it was in the applicant’s interest to enter the plea – whether there was a miscarriage of justice

CRIMINAL LAW – APPEAL AND NEW TRIAL – APPEAL AGAINST SENTENCE – GROUNDS FOR INTERFERENCE – SENTENCE MANIFESTLY EXCESSIVE OR INADEQUATE – where there was a causative link between the applicant’s mental impairment and the offending – where the learned trial judge noted that the applicant’s moral culpability was reduced because of her mental impairment – whether the learned trial judge sufficiently moderated the sentence to reflect the foregoing

CRIMINAL LAW – APPEAL AND NEW TRIAL – APPEAL AGAINST SENTENCE – GROUNDS FOR INTERFERENCE – OTHER MATTERS – where the applicant said that serious domestic violence had been perpetrated upon her, and contended that this should have been treated as a mitigating factor – where defence counsel did not raise the alleged domestic violence as a mitigating factor – where the applicant was an unreliable historian – whether there was a miscarriage of justice

Criminal Code (Qld), s 27

Borsa v The Queen [2003] WASCA 254, applied
House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499; [1936] HCA 40, applied
Munda v Western Australia (2013) 249 CLR 600; [2013] HCA 38, applied
R v Carkeet [2009] 1 Qd R 190; [2008] QCA 143, considered
R v Dobie [2011] 1 Qd R 367; [2009] QCA 394, considered

COUNSEL:

The applicant/appellant appeared on her own behalf
D Nardone for the respondent

SOLICITORS:

The applicant/appellant appeared on her own behalf
Director of Public Prosecutions (Queensland) for the respondent

  1. McMURDO JA:  I agree with Mazza AJA.

  2. BOND JA:  I have had the…

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Details
AGLC
R v DBY [2022] QCA 20
Case
[2022] QCA 20
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

In the case of R v DBY, the applicant appealed against her conviction and sentence for an offence of attempted murder. The applicant argued that she was of unsound mind at the time she entered her guilty plea, and that the sentence imposed was excessive due to her mental impairment and the mitigating factor of domestic violence. The Court of Appeal was required to determine whether there was a miscarriage of justice in the conviction and sentence.

The Court of Appeal found that there was no evidence to demonstrate that the applicant was of unsound mind at the time of entering her plea. The Court also noted that no steps were taken to withdraw the plea, and that it was in the applicant's interest to enter the plea. The Court further found that the trial judge had sufficiently moderated the sentence to reflect the applicant's reduced moral culpability due to her mental impairment. The Court held that the applicant's claim of serious domestic violence was unreliable and that defence counsel had not raised it as a mitigating factor. The Court concluded that there was no miscarriage of justice in the conviction and sentence.

Accordingly, the Court of Appeal refused the application for an extension of time, to adduce additional evidence, and for leave to appeal the sentence. The Court dismissed the appeal against conviction.

In CA No 286 of 2020:
1. The application for an extension of time is refused.
2. The application to adduce additional evidence is refused.
3. The application for leave to appeal sentence is refused.

In CA No 65 of 2021:
1. The application for an extension of time is refused.
2. The application to adduce additional evidence is refused.
3. The appeal against conviction is dismissed.

Orders

Orders of the court

In CA No 286 of 2020:

1. Refuse the application for an extension of time.

2. Refuse the application to adduce additional evidence.

3. Refuse the application for leave to appeal sentence.

In CA No 65 of 2021:

1. Refuse the application for an extension of time.

2. Refuse the application to adduce additional evidence.

3. Dismiss the appeal against conviction.

Background

Background to the litigation

At the outset of the hearing before this Court, the applicant sought an adjournment of the hearing for two months. The application for an adjournment was refused. Later in these reasons, I will explain why the Court refused the application.The facts of the offending An agreed statement of facts was tendered to the sentencing judge.[1][1]Record Book (RB) 79-87. The applicant was born in December 1974 in South Africa. She and her husband, F, married there. In around April 2012 they moved to Australia and settled in Brisbane. The complainant, who was at the time of the offence nine years of age, is the daughter of the applicant and F. The applicant has a long history of mental illness including attempts to take her own life. In the period leading up to the commission of the offence, the applicant was experiencing considerable unhappiness in her marriage and a deterioration in her mental health. She felt isolated and trapped. F was, at the time, a fly-in/fly-out worker working in Darwin. He came home to Brisbane one week out of four. It is clear from messages that were exchanged between the applicant and F around the time of the offences that each was unhappy with the other. In some of these communications, the applicant said that she felt trapped by not having financial independence from F. Although the applicant had been employed in South Africa as a police officer and as an administrator, she had not been employed in Australia. Further, she had no extended family in this country. On 28 July 2016, in the context of the applicant's deteriorating mental health and the escalating tensions between her and F, the applicant attempted suicide. On 3 August 2016, the applicant sent a lengthy text message to F, who at this stage was in Darwin. She apologised for what she had done and forgave him for what he had done. At one point she said, 'I'm sorry about the last 10 years hell that I put you through I am tired and I can't see myself doing it for it you one more day. I love you and I also love [the complainant].' The content of this text message concerned F, particularly in light of the applicant's previous attempts to take her own life. F tried to contact the applicant. Initially these efforts were unsuccessful, but eventually he made contact with her. In the period between 3 and 10 August 2016, the tensions between the applicant and F increased. On 10 August, the applicant sent a message to F stating, 'I am going to either the jail or the madhouse. I warned you and you did not listen.' On an unknown date after 15 August 2016, but prior to 25 August 2016 (the exact date is uncertain due to the different recollections of the applicant and the complainant), the applicant decided to take her own life. In order to do so she purchased a gas bottle. Subsequently, she decided that she would kill the complainant at the same time as she killed herself. At around this time, the applicant cut off communications with a friend of F's with whom she had been in contact. On 15 August 2016, she told this person that she was sorry and, 'I am just having a hard time coping and just can't face anyone'.

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

Full text does not contain this section.

Decision

Reasons for decision

In my opinion, further adjournment of the appeal would not have been in the interests of justice. For these reasons, I joined with the other members of the coram and refused the application to adjourn.Conclusion For the reasons that I have given, I would, in each appeal, refuse the application for an extension of time, refuse the application to adduce additional evidence, refuse the application for leave to appeal sentence, and dismiss the appeal.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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