Paull v Queensland All Codes Racing Industry Board

Case [2017] QCATA 92


CITATION: Paull v Queensland All Codes Racing Industry Board [2017] QCATA 92
PARTIES: Gregory Brian Paull
(Applicant/Appellant)
v
Queensland All Codes Racing Industry Board
(Respondent)
APPLICATION NUMBER: APL188-16
MATTER TYPE: Appeals
HEARING DATE: 14 February 2017
HEARD AT: Brisbane
DECISION OF: Justice Carmody
DELIVERED ON: 9 August 2017
DELIVERED AT: Brisbane
ORDERS MADE:

IT IS THE DECISION OF THE APPEAL TRIBUNAL THAT:

1.        Leave to appeal is granted.

2. The appeal is allowed to the extent that the decision of the tribunal made on 12 May 2016 in OCR 155-15 to refuse the application to exclude the listening device evidence is set aside and an order allowing the application is substituted insofar as it records a private conversation contrary to s 43 of the Invasion of Privacy Act 1971 (Qld) including, in particular, the audio at 9:56:24am to 9:58:28am.

CATCHWORDS:

EVIDENCE – INTERLOCUTORY HEARING – ADMISSIBILITY – RECORDING OF PRIVATE CONVERSATION – MANDATORY EXCLUSION – where a conversation of the applicant with other third parties on a greyhound training course was recorded through the use of a listening device in alleged contravention of the Invasion of Privacy Act 1971 (Qld) – where the audio-visual recording was used in disciplinary proceedings brought against the applicant – where the applicant was sanctioned for engaging in live baiting practices and other related contraventions of the Greyhounds Australasia Rules 2015 – where the applicant sought external review of the adverse finding – where the respondent sought to rely on the audio-visual recording in the external review proceedings – where the applicant applied to have the audio component of the recording excluded on the basis of s 46(1) of the Invasion of Privacy Act – whether the recording was of a private conversation in contravention of s 43 of the Invasion of Privacy Act – whether disciplinary proceedings before the tribunal are ‘civil proceedings’ under s 46(1) of the Invasion of Privacy Act – whether s 46(1) of the Invasion of Privacy Act is a ‘rule of evidence’ which may be dispensed with by the tribunal.

EVIDENCE – INTERLOCUTORY HEARING – ADMISSIBILITY – EVIDENCE OBTAINED BY UNLAWFUL CONDUCT – DISCRETIONARY EXCLUSION – where the applicant applied to have the visual component of a recording of a private conversation excluded on the basis that it was obtained through the commission of a crime or civil wrong and the admission of such evidence would be contrary to public policy or unfair – where the tribunal refused to exclude the evidence of the conversation – whether the tribunal is vested with a discretion to exclude admissible evidence in civil proceedings for being forensically unfair or contrary to public policy – whether the tribunal should exclude the visual images of the recording by exercising any such discretion.

Acts Interpretation Act 1954 (Qld), s 14A
Evidence Act 1977(Qld), ss 92, 95, 97

Legislative Standards Act 1992 (Qld), s 4

Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunals Act 2009 (Qld), Ch 2 Pt 1 Div 3; Pt 2, ss 4, 43, 45, 46

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Paull v Queensland All Codes Racing Industry Board [2017] QCATA 92
Case
[2017] QCATA 92
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

In the case of Paull v Queensland All Codes Racing Industry Board, the applicant, Paull, sought to exclude the admission of evidence obtained through a listening device which recorded a private conversation in contravention of the Invasion of Privacy Act 1971 (Qld). The conversation took place at a greyhound training course and was used in disciplinary proceedings brought against Paull. The proceedings were for engaging in live baiting practices and other related contraventions of the Greyhounds Australasia Rules 2015. The issue before the court was whether the evidence obtained was admissible in the proceedings, specifically whether the conversation was a private one, and if the disciplinary proceedings before the tribunal were considered 'civil proceedings' under the Invasion of Privacy Act. Additionally, the court had to consider if section 46(1) of the Invasion of Privacy Act was a 'rule of evidence' which could be dispensed with by the tribunal.

The court found that the tribunal's ruling to admit all of the audio-visual footage evidence over the applicant's objection was the subject of the application for leave to appeal and appeal. The tribunal ruled that the Invasion of Privacy Act did not apply to merit reviews due to the dislodgment of the common law rules of evidence by the Queensland Civil and Administrative Tribunal Act 2009 (QCAT Act). The court also considered that neither the illegal origins of the tapes nor the applicant's privacy rights, if any, overrode the overall public interest in the ethical regulation of the greyhound racing industry. The appeal tribunal granted leave to appeal and allowed the appeal insofar as it records a private conversation contrary to s 43 of the Invasion of Privacy Act 1971 (Qld). The decision of the tribunal made on 12 May 2016 in OCR 155-15 to refuse the application to exclude the listening device evidence was set aside and an order allowing the application was substituted.

Orders

Orders of the court

IT IS THE DECISION OF THE APPEAL TRIBUNAL THAT:

1. Leave to appeal is granted.

2. The appeal is allowed to the extent that the decision of the tribunal made on 12 May 2016 in OCR 155-15 to refuse the application to exclude the listening device evidence is set aside and an order allowing the application is substituted insofar as it records a private conversation contrary to s 43 of the Invasion of Privacy Act 1971 (Qld) including, in particular, the audio at 9:56:24am to 9:58:28am.

Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

In conducting proceedings, the tribunal is ‘master of its own procedure’. It must ensure that contested issues are resolved with the benefit of all the relevant facts and apply the rules of natural justice, including giving a party a reasonable opportunity to call or give evidence, question witnesses and make submissions, but it is not bound by civil procedures or customary court practices. It is empowered to do whatever is necessary, incidental or convenient for exercising its jurisdiction and achieving the stated objects of conducting proceedings consistently with fairly dispensing justice and treating like case alike.[7][7]QCAT Act Ch 2 Pt 1 Div 3; Pt 2.The evidentiary decisions After the application for a QCAT review was filed and the tribunal was informed that Racing Queensland proposed to tender the video recordings into evidence the applicant objected to their admissibility. A pre-hearing proceeding was held to decide the issue. Counsel representing the applicant complained, in effect, that listening device evidence of the private conversation at 9:56:19 (the audio) is absolutely protected from disclosure in proceedings by the Invasion of Privacy Act1971 (Qld) and the visual recording at 10:00 was liable to discretionary exclusion for illegality or unfairness. Similar evidence was admitted in R v Kay[8] and King v Greyhound Racing Victoria[9] but later rejected by a differently constituted QCAT tribunal in Ball v Queensland All Codes Racing Industry Board[10] (Ball) for illegality and, alternatively, unfairness.[8][2016] QDC (unreported) 1D109/16, 29 July 2016.[9][2016] VCAT 701.[10][2016] QCAT 369. The tribunal ruled that the Invasion of Privacy Act did not to apply to merit reviews because of the dislodgment of the common law rules of evidence by the QCAT Act and considered that neither the illegal origins of the tapes nor the applicant’s privacy rights, if any, overrode the overall public interest in the ethical regulation of the greyhound racing industry. The review tribunal’s ruling to admit all of the audio-visual footage evidence over the applicant’s objection is the subject of this application for leave to appeal and appeal.The leave requirement The applicant repeats and relies on the original submissions made to the tribunal on his behalf as ‘legally sound’. He “feels” that they were not ‘fully considered’ or the consequences ‘fully understood’. He says that the fact that the evidence was obtained during the commission of an indictable offence warrants appellate reconsideration of the interlocutory decision. Permission to appeal interlocutory decisions on points of evidence and procedure is seldom given especially where discretions are at play and any error can always be identified and corrected by the review tribunal itself at any time before substantive rights or interests are finally decided, but this application raises important legal and mixed questions the appeal tribunal has not considered before which justify doing so now to help achieve the stated policy goal of consistency and predictability in future tribunal decisions at all levels. For this reason leave is granted.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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