Valvoline Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC v Adyjohns Pty Ltd

[2020] ATMO 165

TRADE MARKS ACT 1995

DECISION OF A DELEGATE OF THE REGISTRAR OF TRADE MARKS WITH REASONS

Re:Opposition by Valvoline Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC to registration of trade mark application number 1874303 (class 4) – VALVOTECH Synergistic Energy and device - in the name of ADYJOHNS Pty Ltd.

Delegate:	Louise Tuohy
Representation:	Opponent: Anne Makrigiorgos, Griffith Hack Patent and Trade Mark Attorneys Applicant: Syed Ghazandar Kazmi, Director of ADYJOHNS Pty Ltd
Decision:	2020 ATMO 165 Trade Marks Act 1995 (Cth) – opposition under section 52 – ss 42(b), 44, 58, 60 and 62A – grounds pressed ss 42(b), 44 and 60 – s 60 ground established, trade mark rejected.

Background

1. This is an opposition filed by Valvoline Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC (‘the Opponent’) under section 52 of the Trade Marks Act 1995 (‘the Act’) and relates to trade mark application 1874303 in the name of ADYJOHNS Pty Ltd (‘the Applicant’). The relevant details follow:

   Trade Mark Number:  1874303

   Trade Mark:                (‘the Trade Mark’)

   Filing Date:                20 September 2017 (‘the Relevant Date’)

   Specification:             Class 4[1] (‘the Applicant’s goods’)

   [1] Full specification can be found in Annexure A.

2. Acceptance of the application for possible registration was published in the Australian Journal of Trade Marks on 8 February 2018.

3. The Opponent filed a Notice of Intention to Oppose registration of the Trade Mark on 3 April 2018.

4. On 30 April 2018 the Opponent filed its Statement of Grounds and Particulars (‘the SGP’), completing the Notices of Opposition.

5. A Notice of Intention to Defend the opposition was filed by the Applicant on 15 May 2018.

6. Thereafter the Opponent and Applicant filed evidence in accordance with the provisions of Trade Marks Regulations 1995 (‘the Regulations’).

7. On 18 June 2019 IP Australia informed the parties that as neither party had requested a hearing, the opposition was to be decided on the written record. This matter was allocated to me for a decision on 24 September 2020.

   Grounds of Opposition, Relevant Date and Onus

8. In the SGP the Opponent nominates grounds of opposition under ss 42(b), 44, 58, 60 and 62A of the Act. The Opponent pressed the grounds under ss 42(b), 44 and 60 in its written submission dated 11 June 2019.

9. The rights of the parties are to be determined as at the date of the application[2] which is generally, but not always, the filing date.[3] For the purposes of ss 44 and 60 which speak of the priority date, the Relevant Date is 20 September 2017 which, in this case, is the same as the filing date of the application. Section 42, however, does not refer to a filing date or a priority date. However, I will proceed on the basis that the filing date of 20 September 2017 is the ‘Relevant Date’ at which to assess all the grounds in the proceedings.[4]

   [2] Southern Cross Refrigerating Co v Toowoomba Foundry Pty Ltd [1954] HCA 82; (1954) 91 CLR 592, [595].

   [3] See Sections 6, 12 and 72 of the Act.

   [4] Apple Inc v Registrar of Trade Marks [2014] FCA 1304, [45].

10. The Opponent bears the onus of establishing at least one of the grounds of opposition.[5] The standard of proof is the ordinary civil standard of the balance of probabilities.[6]

    [5] Food Channel Network Pty Ltd v Television Food Network GP [2010] FCAFC 58, [32].

    [6] Telstra Corporation Ltd v Phone Directories Co Pty Ltd [2015] FCAFC 156, [132].

11. I have only found it necessary to address the s 60 ground. Nonetheless, should the decision be appealed, then it is open to the Opponent to plead any ground it considers relevant in proceedings before the Court.

    Evidence

    Evidence in Support

    • Declaration by Sarah M Love, Secretary of Valvoline Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC made on 19 August 2018 with Annexures 1-9 (‘Love’).

    Evidence in Reply

    • Declaration by Syed Ghazanfar Kazmi, Director of the Applicant made on 1 February 2019 with Attachment (‘Kazmi’).

    Additional Material

    • Written submission by Anne Makrigiorgos, Solicitor for Valvoline Licensing and Intellectual Property LLC, dated 11 June 2019, with Schedule A – B (‘the Opponent’s submission’).

    The Opponent’s Evidence

12. The Opponent is the Intellectual Property holding company of Valvoline International Inc.[7]

    [7] Love 3.

13. The Love declaration provides the following information about the Opponent:

    ·the Opponent has been offering lubricants and fluids under the VALVOLINE brand for over 150 years and is a leading worldwide marketer and supplier of premium branded lubricants and automotive services, with sales in more than 160 countries;[8]

    ·the Opponent has used the word VALVOLINE as a trade mark either alone or with a red and white coloured V element (‘the Valvoline trade marks’) in connection with the manufacture, distribution, marketing, and sale of an extensive line of automotive fluids and automotive services;[9]

    ·the Opponent’s first Valvoline branded oil was imported to Australia in 1901 in wooden barrels by the Carrigan brothers. In 1908 Jerimiah Carrigan obtained the sole agency for Valvoline oil;[10]

    ·in 1958 the Carrigan brothers retired and the Opponent decided to establish a Valvoline branch in Australia to take over distribution and marketing. Today the Opponent has teams in every Australian State and Territory including 20 regional distributors; [11] and

    ·the Opponent supplies its oil goods to thousands of direct business customers in the automotive, transport, industrial and government sectors within Australia as well as the retail auto parts stores and mass merchandisers who sell to consumers; installers, such as car dealers, repair shops and quick lubes; commercial fleets; and distributors. Currently the Opponent has over 16,000 customers Australia wide.[12]

    [8] Love 6.

    [9] Love 7.

    [10] Love 11 [see also Annexure 1].

    [11] Love 15 [see also Annexure 1].

    [12] Love 17.

14. Marked as confidential Love provides the Opponent’s annual revenue in Australia from 2007 to 2017 in respect of the goods provided under the Valvoline trade marks in classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 12, 17 and 25 (‘the Opponent’s goods’) and expenditure on advertising and promoting the Valvoline trade marks in Australia from 2007 to 2017 in respect of the Opponent’s goods.[13]

    [13] Love 19-20.

15. Annexure 3 to Love is a copy of the Opponent’s 2017 catalogue which shows the Opponent has promoted the Valvoline trade marks in the following ways: on the labels of its oil,  chemical, fluid, lubricant, coolant and grease goods; through Ambassadors such as John Laws and Ricky Pointing; through sponsorship of racing cars participating in the Bathurst 1000 motorsport event; sponsorship of the Valvoline Raceway; television and You Tube advertisements; in print media; on customer service vans; and on the Opponent’s website.[14]

    [14] Love 21, [Annexure 1 and 3].

16. Annexure 7 to Love includes copies of pages from the third party websites < dated 26 January 2017 and < dated 30 January 2017, showing use of the Valvoline trade marks on the Audi Customer Racing Team Supercars which appeared at the Liqui Moly Bathurst 12 hour race meet.[15]

    [15] Love 27, [Annexure 7].

17. Annexure 7 to Love also contains a copy of the sports page from the < website dated 9 October 2014 discussing the contenders for the Bathurst 1000 motorsport event and names the Valvoline Racing GRM (Car No. 33 Volvo S60).[16]

    [16] Love 27, [Annexure 7].

18. Annexure 9 to Love includes a copy of a post on a blog dated 3 October 2013 from the < > website announcing the renaming of the ‘Parramatta Speedway’ to the ‘Valvoline Raceway – The Speedway by the Freeway’ and provides  examples of how the Valvoline trade marks are used on signage and sprint cars.[17]

    [17] Love 28, [Annexure 9].

19. Annexure 9 to Love also provides a copy of the ticketing details for the Caravan, Boat and Dunny Derby and Speed car 50 lapper, which was held at the Valvoline Raceway on 29 April 2017 as shown on the < website.[18]

    [18] Love 28, [Annexure 9].

    The Applicant’s Evidence

20. The Applicant, Adyjohns Pty Ltd is Australian owned and has operated as a construction supplies company since 2014.[19]

    [19] Kazmi [Attachment].

21. In summary the Kazmi declaration claims the following: [20]

    [20] Kazmi [Attachment].

    • the Applicant saw a demand for goods in construction grade greases and other lubricants which lead to product sourcing and naming of a new product VALVOTECH Synergistic Energy;

• the Applicant undertook extensive research in available registers and online resources before it proposed the name VALVOTECH Synergistic Energy for its lubricant product;

• the Applicant engaged a designer for the device element in the Trade Mark which consists of a grooved wheel to show the product’s utility in the automotive and engineering industries, and a golden and yellow oil droplet with a star to show the products quality and blending technology; and

• the colours and font styles used in the Trade Mark are different to the colours and fonts used in other brands in the market.

Section 60 – Reputation in Australia

1. Section 60 of the Act provides:

   60  Trade mark similar to trade mark that has acquired a reputation in Australia

   The registration of a trade mark in respect of particular goods or services may be opposed on the ground that:

   (a)  another trade mark had, before the priority date for the registration of the first‑mentioned trade mark in respect of those goods or services, acquired a reputation in Australia; and

   (b)  because of the reputation of that other trade mark, the use of the first‑mentioned trade mark would be likely to deceive or cause confusion.

2. In the SGP the Opponent particularised the s 60 ground of opposition as follows:

   The trade mark VALVOLINE and trade marks containing VALVOLINE have been used before the priority date of the application and have acquired a reputation in respect of a wide range of goods including automotive chemicals, including, chemical additives for complete fuel system treatment, fuel injector cleaners, chemical additives, brake fluids, brake parts cleaner, carburettor, injector and diesel cleaners, silicon lubes, tire shines, carbon flushes, antifreeze, power steering fluids and chemical additives for engine treatments, motor oil, lubricants, greases, engine lubricants, preparations for prevention of rust or corrosion in machinery and metallic surfaces, aluminium and chrome corrosion protective solutions, oil, air and fuel filters for use on engines, motors or machines, compositions for repairing and sealing leaks in radiators, cleaning compositions, cleaners for vehicles, engines, machinery and for components and parts thereof such as radiators, carburettors, chokes, vinyl upholstery and tops, windshields, brakes, spark plugs, contact points, chains, exterior painted and metal finishes, wheels and tyres, hand cleaners, concrete cleaners, steam cleaning compositions, polishing and waxing compositions for automotive painted and metal finishes, degreasing compositions, automotive chemicals, chemical additives for complete fuel system treatment, fuel injector cleaner chemical additives, brake fluid; antifreeze/coolant 10218063_1 (GHMatters) OP117199.AU enhancer for vehicle engines, power steering fluid, chemical additives for engine treatment and automotive engine degreasing preparations

3. To satisfy s 60 of the Act the Opponent must establish a reputation exists in another trade mark in Australia before the Relevant Date. The reputation must be significant enough for the use of the Trade Mark in the Australian marketplace to be likely to deceive or cause confusion.

4. The Opponent relies upon the reputation of its plain word VALVOLINE trade marks and its composite “V” VALVOLINE trade marks in classes 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 17, 12, 25 and 37[21] (refer to Annexure B for the full list of the trade marks. Hereafter refenced as the ‘Valvoline trade marks’).

   [21] Love 9 [Annexure 2].

5. I turn to the first consideration under s 60, that is, whether the Opponent had, at the Relevant Date acquired a reputation in the Valvoline trade marks.

6. What is intended by the word ‘reputation’ as used in section 60 was considered in McCormick & Company Inc v McCormick by Kenny J, who concluded that it was ‘the recognition of the [trade mark] by the public generally’.[22] Her Honour then explained how the reputation of a trade mark is assessed by the decision-maker:

   In practice, it is commonplace to infer reputation from a high volume of sales, together with substantial advertising expenditures and other promotions, without any direct evidence of consumer appreciation of the mark, as opposed to the product…[23]

   [22] McCormick & Company Inc v McCormick [2000] FCA 1335, [81].

   [23] McCormick & Company Inc v McCormick [2000] FCA 1335, [86].

7. The Opponent has filed evidence that its lubricants and fluids have been sold continuously in Australia under the Opponent’s Valvoline trade marks since 1901, and that the Valvoline trade marks have been vigorously advertised and promoted, not only through more traditional channels such as on signage, television and in the print media, but also through social media platforms, third party business customers, brand ambassadors and via the sponsorship of prestigious sporting events, a raceway and racing cars.

8. While the Opponent relies upon the reputation of some of its Valvoline trade marks pertaining to services, the sales and advertising figures are only in relation to the Opponent’s goods and are very substantial, which acknowledges that the Opponent supplies its oil goods to over 16,000 customers Australia wide.

9. In my assessment of the evidence, some of which is confidential so I have not discussed it here, and noting that the relevant market for the Opponent’s oil goods is virtually every person of driving age, at the Relevant Date the Opponent’s Valvoline trade marks had a strong reputation in Australia, amongst a significant or substantial number of people in relation to the Opponent’s oil goods. As such the first part of s 60 of the Act has been met.

10. I must also be satisfied that because of that reputation the use of the Trade Mark would be likely to device or confusion.

11. In a case concerning infringement and passing off, Australian Woollen Mills Limited v F S Walton and Company Limited, Dixon and McTiernan JJ said the following:

    An attempt should be made to estimate the effect or impression produced on the mind of potential customers by the mark or device for which the protection of an injunction is sought. … The usual manner in which ordinary people behave must be the test of what confusion or deception may be expected. Potential buyers of goods are not to be credited with any high perception or habitual caution. On the other hand, exceptional carelessness or stupidity may be disregarded. The course of business and the way in which the particular class of goods are sold gives, it maybe said, the setting, and the habits and observations of men considered in the mass affords the standard.[24]

    [24] Australian Woollen Mills Limited v F S Walton and Company Limited [1937] HCA 51; (1937) 58 CLR 641, [658].

12. The notions of ‘deceive’ and ‘confuse’ were further articulated in the New Zealand case of Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Co v Hyline Chicks Pty Ltd, where Richardson J said:

    ‘Deceived’ implies the creation of an incorrect belief or mental impression and ‘causing confusion’ may go no further than perplexing or mixing up the minds of the purchasing public. Where the deception or confusion alleged is as to the source of the goods, deceived is equivalent to being misled into thinking that the goods bearing the applicant’s mark come from some other source and confused to being caused to wonder whether that might not the case.[25]

    [25] Pioneer Hi-Bred Corn Co v Hyline Chicks Pty Ltd [1979] RPC 410, [423] (citation omitted).

13. It is not necessary to show actual confusion under section 60, but rather a likelihood of confusion. The Full Federal Court stated in Australia Postal Corporation v Digital Post[26] that ‘the threshold for confusion is not high’. For a likelihood of confusion to exist, ‘the triggering event need go no further than mere confusion, in the sense of holding a reasonable doubt, while stopping short of actual deception or mistake’.[27]

    [26] Australia Postal Corporation v Digital Post (2013) FCAFC 153, [70].

    [27] McDonald's Inc v Future Enterprises Pte Ltd [2007] ATMO 22, [26].

14. The assessment of the likelihood of deception or confusion is informed by ‘the strength of the reputation of the Opponent’s trade mark(s), the inherent distinctiveness thereof, the degree of similarity between the trade marks under consideration and the nexus or connection between the goods and/or services of the parties’.[28]

    [28] Pottle Productions Inc v Rute Ithalat Ve Ihracat Anonim Sirketi [2012] ATMO 124, [40] and Qantas Airways Limited v Edwards [2016] FCA 729, [142].

15. In this case it is apparent that the Trade Mark and the Opponent’s Valvoline trade marks have visual similarities. The words VALVOLINE and VALVOTECH both share the same prefix VALVO and I refer to the following observations of Sargant LJ in London Lubricants (1920) Limited’s Application: 

    … in my judgement, the first syllable of a word is, as a rule, far the most important for the purpose of distinction.[29]

    [29] London Lubricants (1920) Limited’s Application (1924) 42 RPC 264, [30].

16. With this in mind, the word VALVO would be impressed on the mind of potential customers.

17. The opposed Trade Mark and the Valvoline trade marks are similar and the goods offered by both parties in class 4 are the same.

18. Having regard to the Opponent’s substantial reputation in its Valvoline trade marks, the similarity of the competing trade marks and the similarity of goods they are used in relation to, I am satisfied that there is a likelihood that the public on encountering the Trade Mark on these goods will have cause to wonder whether those goods emanate from the Opponent or whether the Trade Mark is used under the aegis of the Opponent.

19. The ground of opposition under s 60 of the Act is therefore established.

    Decision

20. Section 55 of the Act provides:

    55 Decision

    (1)Unless subsection (3) applied to the proceeding, the Registrar must, at the end, decide:

    (a)    to refuse to register the trade mark; or

    (b)    to register the trade mark (with or without conditions or limitations) in respect of the goods and/or services then specified in the application;

    having regard to the extent (if any) to which any ground on which the application was opposed has been established.

21. I find that the Opponent has met the onus upon it, in terms of the ground of opposition under s 60 of the Act. Accordingly, I refuse to register Trade Mark 1874303. If the Registrar of Trade Marks is served with a notice of appeal within one month from the date this decision, I direct that the disposition of the applications be in accordance with the Court’s direction or order.

    Costs

22. The parties have sought costs. I award costs against the Applicant in accordance with the amount set out in Schedule 8 of the Regulations.

    Louise Tuohy
    Hearing Officer
    Trade Marks and Designs
    21 October 2020

    Annexure A

    Class 4: Anti-seize substances (oils); Automotive engine oils; Automotive final drive oils; Brickwork preservatives (oils); Casting oils; Cement preservatives (oils); Chain oil; Coal tar oil; Combustible oil; Combustion enhancers (oils); Compositions for preserving brickwork (oils); Compositions for preserving cement (oils); Compositions for preserving concrete (oils); Concrete preservatives (oils); Concrete sealing agents (oils); Corrosion penetrating oils; Crude oil; Crude oil products derived from the refining of crude; Cutting oils; Demoulding oil; Diesel oil; Drilling fluids (oils); Emulsions of oil for use as a fuel; Engine oils; Engineering oils; Extra fine oils for motors; Extreme pressure oils; Fine oils for motors; Fuel oil; Fuels derived from crude oil; Fuels derived from oil; Gas oil; Gear oils; Heat treatment oils for use in metal working; Heating oils containing additives; Illuminating oil; Industrial oil; Lubricants being gear oils; Lubricants in the nature of oils; Lubricating oil; Lubricating oils being hydraulic oils; Lubricating oils for automotive apparatus; Lubricating oils for laser printers; Lubricating oils for petrol engines; Lubricating oils for use as a cutting fluid; Lubricating oils for wheels; Marine oils; Metal preservatives (oils); Metalworking oils; Mineral oils; Moistening oil; Motor oil; Mould release oils; Non-chemical additives for cutting oils; Non-chemical additives for engine oils; Non-chemical additives for gearbox oils; Non-chemical additives for oils; Non-chemical additives for transmission oils; Oil based lubricants; Oil for the preservation of leather; Oil for the preservation of masonry; Oil well drilling lubricants; Oil-gas; Oils containing rust preventing additives; Oils containing water dispersant additives; Oils for automobiles; Oils for engines; Oils for paints; Oils for releasing form work (building); Oils for surface treatment; Oils for tempering metals; Oils for the preservation of masonry; Oils for turbines; Oils for turbo units; Oils for use in the textile industry; Oils for use with machine tools; Oils in the form of emulsions; Penetrating oils; Preservatives for brickwork (oils); Preservatives for buildings (oils); Preservatives for cement (oils); Preservatives for rubber (oils); Preservatives for the surfaces of buildings (oils); Preservatives for tiles (oils); Process oil for use in bitumen extenders; Products for protecting concrete (oils); Products for sealing brickwork (oils); Products for sealing concrete (oils); Release agents (oils); Shock absorbing oils; Soya bean oil preparations for non-stick treatment of cooking utensils; Sunflower oil for industrial purposes; Synthetic compressor oils; Synthetic lubricating oils; Synthetic oils; Technical oils; Textile oil; Vegetable oils for lubricating food processing machines; Vegetable oils for the non-stick treatment of cooking utensils; White oils

    Annexure B

Trade Mark Number:	Trade Mark	Goods and Services
589	VALVOLINE	Class 4: Lubricating oils
185044	VALVOLINE	Class 4: Oils and greases, lubricants, fuels and illuminants, all being manufactured from petroleum products or synthetic products or a combination thereof
199816	Class 2: A preparation for prevention of rust or corrosion in machinery and various metallic surfaces
199817	Class 4: Oils, lubricants, fuels and illuminants, all being manufactured from petroleum products or synthetic products, or a combination thereof
199818	VALVOLINE	Class 2: A preparation for prevention of rust or corrosion in machinery and various metallic surfaces
199819	Class 4: Oils, lubricants, fuels and illuminants, all being manufactured from petroleum products or synthetic products, or a combination thereof
199820	Class 2: A preparation for prevention of rust or corrosion in machinery and various metallic surfaces
246526	VALVOLINE	Class 4: All goods included in this class
302771	VALVOLINE	Class 1: All goods in this class including chemical compositions for use with vehicles, engines and machinery; namely, compositions for preserving or restoring rubber, compositions for preventing freezing of fuel lines, and compositions for use as starting fluids and fuel additives, compositions for conditioning and stopping leaks in transmissions, compositions for stopping leaks and sealing cracks in engine blocks, compositions for displacing water from ignition systems and other parts
302774	VALVOLINE	Class 7: All goods in this class including oil, air and fuel filters for use on engines, motors or machines
302775	VALVOLINE	Class 17: All goods in this class including compositions for repairing and sealing leaks in radiators
302776	VALVOLINE	Class 3: All goods in this class including cleaning compositions; namely, cleaners for vehicles, engines, machinery and for components and parts thereof such as radiators, carburettors, chokes, vinyl upholstery and tops, windshields, brakes, spark plugs, contact points, chains, exterior painted and metal finishes, and tires, hand cleaners; concrete cleaners; steam cleaning compositions; polishing and waxing compositions for automotive painted and metal finishes; degreasing compositions
507042	VALVOLIINE INSTANT OIL CHANGE	Class 37: Services of motor vehicles, including oil changing, brake fluid top- ups, transmission fluid top-ups, differential fluid top-ups, radiator top-ups and filter changes
729627	Class 25: Clothing, including shirts, jackets, sweaters, sweat shirts, sweat pants, shorts, visors; hats and caps
871941	VALVOLINE EXPRESS CARE	Class 37: Preventative maintenance repair services for automobiles, including chassis lubrication; changing motor oil, changing oil and filters; refilling transmission fluid; preventative maintenance repair service for differential, brake, power steering, air conditioning systems and radiators; maintaining proper fluid levels for windshield washer and battery reservoirs; changing windshield wiper blades, belts and hoses; inflating tires to proper air pressure; automotive car washing and detailing
883010	VALVOLINE ENGINE ARMOUR	Class 4: petrochemical engine oil
883012	VALVOLINE OPTIMUM CHOICE	Class 4: Motor oil, lubricants and greases
883013	VALVOLINE CLASSIC BLUE	Class 4: Diesel engine oil
976362	VALVOLINE	Class 12: Accessories for motor vehicles in this class; windshield wipers; windshield wiper blades
1001622	VALVOLINE CLASSIC BLUE	Class 1: Automotive chemicals, namely chemical additives for complete fuel system treatment, fuel injector cleaner chemical additives, brake fluid; antifreeze/coolant enhancer for vehicle engines; power steering fluid, chemical additives for engine treatment Class 2: Aluminium and chrome corrosion protective solutions Class 3: Automobile wheel cleaners, namely magnesium and special finish cleaners, motorcycle wheel and engine cleaners, magnesium and chrome liquid and cream polishes, wire hub cap cleaning preparations and kits consisting primarily of cleaning preparations for cleaning automobile wheels, wheel cover and white wall cleaning solutions, aluminium wheel wash and brighteners, tire cleaners, dressings and protectants; automobile finish cleaners, including washing solutions and wax conditioners, carnauba sprays, liquids and paste waxes and cleaners, pre-wax cleaners and conditioners and sealers and scratch remover solutions and detail solutions; and upholstery and interior cleaners, including spot removers, velour and fabric guards, cleaning solutions, creme leather solutions, plastic polishes, anti-fog solutions and glass cleaners; car and choke cleaning preparations, brake parts cleaning preparations, and automotive engine degreasing preparations
1305365	Class 1: Automotive chemicals, including, chemical additives for complete fuel system treatment, fuel injector cleaners, chemical additives, brake fluids, brake parts cleaner; carburettor, injector and diesel cleaners, silicon lubes, tire shines, carbon flushes, antifreeze, power steering fluids and chemical additives for engine treatments Class 4: Motor oil, lubricants, greases and engine lubricants
1305366	VALVOLINE PROFESSIONAL SERIES	Class 1: Automotive chemicals, including, chemical additives for complete fuel system treatment, fuel injector cleaners, chemical additives, brake fluids, brake parts cleaner; carburettor, injector and diesel cleaners, silicon lubes, tire shines, carbon flushes, antifreeze, power steering fluids and chemical additives for engine treatments Class 4: Motor oil, lubricants, greases and engine lubricants
1315599	VALVOLINE	Class 25: Clothing, including shirts, jackets, sweaters, sweat shirts, sweat pants, shorts; visors, hats and caps; footwear
1482776	VALVOLINE MAXRELEASE	Class 1: Chemical products used in the fabrication of pre-cast concrete products, toprevent adhesion and build up of dried concrete, applicable on molds, equipment, trucks, drying plates and on the inside of concrete mixers; chemical products used to conserve mixtures of concrete for paving and road pavements to prevent the pavements from discoloration Class 3: Cleaning preparations for use on molds and equipment used in concrete fabrication