Toben v Jones

Case [2009] FCAFC 104


FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Toben v Jones [2009] FCAFC 104

CONTEMPT – appeal from conviction for contempt of court – failure to comply with orders of the Court – failure to comply with undertaking made to the Court – whether original orders should be read as being qualified by s 18D of the Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth), by implications from the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 (Cth), or by a common law right of free speech  – no mandate for reading the original proscriptions as if they were so qualified – whether there was ambiguity in the original orders – no ambiguity in original orders, and further there was no finding of the primary judge which was dependant on any asserted ambiguity – appeal dismissed

CONTEMPT – appeal from punishment imposed for contempt of court – whether punishment of three months imprisonment excessive – whether primary judge was in error in not ordering home detention as a method of serving custodial sentence – purpose of punishment is to vindicate the authority of the Court – obedience to orders of the Court is not optional – sentence imposed not excessive or unwarranted – appeal dismissed

PRACTICE & PROCEDURE – application for leave to add a ground of appeal – ground asserts that primary judge erred in dispensing with service of orders containing the notice required by O 37 r 2(3) of the Federal Court Rules – compliance with rule can be dispensed with where party had notice of an injunction and acted in defiance of orders – appellant had notice of orders made and undertakings given – no utility in granting leave to add ground of appeal – leave refused

Federal Court Rules  - O 37 r 2
Racial Discrimination Act 1975 (Cth) – ss 18C, 18D
Australia Citizenship Act 2007 (Cth)

Australian Broadcasting Commission v Australasian Performing Right Association Limited (1973) 129 CLR 99 – applied
Australian Securities Commission v Macleod (1993) 40 FCR 155 – cited
Fullerton v Gardiner (unreported, Sup Ct, NSW, Powell J, No. 2715 of 1977, 31 October 1978) - applied
Siminton v Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (2006) 152 FCR 129 – applied

GERALD FREDERICK TOBEN v JEREMY JONES

SAD 69 of 2009
SAD 73 of 2009

SPENDER, GRAHAM AND GILMOUR  JJ
13 AUGUST 2009
ADELAIDE


IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

SOUTH AUSTRALIA DISTRICT REGISTRY

GENERAL DIVISION

SAD 69 of 2009

ON APPEAL FROM A SINGLE JUDGE OF THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA
BETWEEN:

GERALD FREDERICK TOBEN
Appellant

AND:

JEREMY JONES
Respondent

JUDGES:

SPENDER, GRAHAM AND GILMOUR  JJ

DATE OF ORDER:

13 AUGUST 2009

WHERE MADE:

ADELAIDE

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1.The appeal be dismissed.

2.The appellant pay the costs of the respondent of the appeal, including reserved costs, to be taxed.

Note:Settlement and entry of orders is dealt with in Order 36 of the Federal Court Rules.


The text of entered orders can be located using eSearch on the Court’s website.

IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

SOUTH AUSTRALIA DISTRICT REGISTRY

GENERAL DIVISION

SAD…

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Toben v Jones [2009] FCAFC 104
Case
[2009] FCAFC 104
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The case of Toben v Jones involved the appellant, Dr. Toben, appealing against an order made by the Full Court of the Federal Court of Australia. The appellant was subject to a court order that he must take down certain websites, which he had failed to do, leading to a warrant for his arrest and imprisonment. The legal issue before the court was whether the service of the order and the notice requirement under Order 37 Rule 2 of the Federal Court Rules were properly satisfied, particularly in light of the Full Court's decision in Siminton v Australian Prudential Regulation Authority. The court had to determine if the enforcement of the order was justified under the circumstances.

The court examined the requirements of Order 37 Rule 2, which mandates that an order not be enforced by committal or sequestration unless it has been served on the person bound by the order, with additional requirements if the person is a corporation or organisation. The court also considered the discretion to dispense with service under certain conditions and the implications of the notice requirement. In light of the Full Court's observation in Siminton v Australian Prudential Regulation Authority, the court noted that while dispensation with compliance should not be lightly granted due to the importance of liberty, once the person has notice of the order, enforcement may still proceed. The court held that Dr. Toben had sufficient notice of the order and the consequences of non-compliance, satisfying the requirements of Order 37 Rule 2(5), and thus the warrant for his arrest and imprisonment was appropriate.

In dismissing the appeal, the court confirmed that Dr. Toben's failure to comply with the court's order warranted the enforcement action. The appellant was ordered to pay the respondent's costs of the appeal, including reserved costs, to be taxed. Additionally, the court issued the warrant for the arrest and imprisonment of Dr. Toben immediately, enforcing the earlier order compelling him to remove the contested websites.

Orders

Orders of the court

1. The appeal be dismissed.

2. The appellant pay the costs of the respondent of the appeal, including reserved costs, to be taxed.

Note:

1. The appeal be dismissed.

2. The appellant pay the costs of the respondent of the appeal, including reserved costs, to be taxed.

3. The warrant for the arrest and imprisonment of Dr Toben issue forthwith.

Note:

Background

Background to the litigation

Full text does not contain this section.

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

Full text does not contain this section.

Decision

Reasons for decision

SPENDER, GRAHAM AND GILMOUR JJ

Full text does not contain this section.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

Established by: SPENDER, GRAHAM AND GILMOUR JJ

Order 37 r 2 of the Federal Court Rules is as follows:Service before committal or sequestration(1)Subject to the Rules, an order shall not be enforced by committal or sequestration unless:(a)the order or a certified or office copy thereof is served personally on the person bound; and(b)if the order requires the person bound to do an act within a specified time, the order or a certified or office copy thereof is so served before that time expires.(2)Subject to the Rules, where the person bound by an order is a corporation or organisation the order shall not be enforced by committal of an officer of the person bound or by sequestration of the property of an officer of the person bound unless, in addition to service under subrule (1) on the person bound:(a)the order or a certified or office copy thereof is served personally on the officer; and(b)if the order requires the person bound to do an act within a specified time, the order or a certified or office copy thereof is so served before that time expires.(3)An order or a certified or office copy thereof served under this rule must bear a notice (naming the persons concerned) that the person served is liable to imprisonment or to sequestration of property if:(a)where the order requires the person bound to do an act within a specified time, the person bound refuses or neglects to do the act within that time; or(b)where the order requires the person bound to abstain from doing an act, the person bound disobeys the order.(4) Subject to the Rules, where:(a) an order requires the person bound to do an act; and(b)another order specifies the time in which the act is required to be done;each order or a certified or office copy thereof shall be served on the person bound before the expiry of that time as so abridged or extended.(5)Where a person liable to committal or sequestration of his property by way of enforcement of a judgment or order has notice of the judgment or order:(a)by being present when the judgment is pronounced or when the order is made; or(b)by being notified of the terms of the judgment or order whether by telephone, telegram or otherwise; the judgment or order may be enforced by committal of that person or by sequestration of his property notwithstanding that service has not been effected in accordance with this rule.(6) The Court may dispense with service under this rule. The Full Court in Siminton v Australian Prudential Regulation Authority (2006) 152 FCR 129 observed that because liberty of the subject was involved, dispensation with compliance with the requirements of O 37 r 2(3) should not be ordered, unless the evidence shows that the requirements of that rule have been fulfilled in some other way. Once the requirements of O 37 r 2(5) are satisfied, the Court has a discretion to enforce an order by committal, even though the order has not been served in compliance with O 37 r 2(1)(a), and even though the notice required by O 37 r 2(3) has not been given: see Australian Securities Commission v Macleod (1993) 40 FCR 155.