Naing v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs

Case [2000] FCA 344


FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Naing v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 344

MIGRATION – refugees – appeal from Refugee Review Tribunal decision to refuse to grant protection visa – whether s 424A of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) is restricted to information specific to the applicant – whether Refugee Review Tribunal required to produce copy of transcript or tapes of hearing where it draws applicant’s attention to evidence which might cast doubt on the applicant’s evidence obtained in another application – whether the Refugee Review Tribunal misconceived its powers under s 415 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth).

Migration Act 1958 (Cth) ss 415, 424A, 430, 476, 481
Migration Regulations 1994 reg 4.35(2)(b)

Xu v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [1999] FCA 174 considered
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Yusuf [1999] FCA 1681 considered
Montes-Granados v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 60 considered
Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Kandasamy [2000] FCA 67 referred to

ZIN WAI NAING v

MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS

N 735 of 1999

HILL J
31 MARCH 2000
SYDNEY

IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY

N 735 OF 1999

BETWEEN:

ZIN WAI NAING
APPLICANT

AND:

MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND
MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS
RESPONDENT

JUDGE:

HILL J

DATE OF ORDER:

31 MARCH 2000

WHERE MADE:

SYDNEY

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1.The application be dismissed.

2.The applicant pay the respondent’s costs.

Note:    Settlement and entry of orders is dealt with in Order 36 of the Federal Court Rules.


IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

NEW SOUTH WALES DISTRICT REGISTRY

N 735 OF 1999

BETWEEN:

ZIN WAI NAING
APPLICANT

AND:

MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND
MULTICULTURAL AFFAIRS
RESPONDENT

JUDGE:

HILL J

DATE:

31 MARCH 2000

PLACE:

SYDNEY

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

  1. The applicant, Zin Wai Naing, applies to the Court for judicial review of a decision of the Refugee Review Tribunal (“the Tribunal”) which affirmed the decision of the respondent Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs, refusing to grant him a protection visa. The application is made under s 476 of the Migration Act 1958 (“the Act”). 

  2. As set out in its amended form, the application is based on two grounds. The first is that the Tribunal erred in law in interpreting s 424A of the Act as restricted to information specific to the applicant and also in interpreting its powers under s 415 of the Act. The second ground alleges a failure of the Tribunal to observe procedures required by the Act to be observed by it in failing to make a finding in respect of material facts, those being said to be:

    “1.Whether or not the applicant participated in a funeral for U Nu and distributed pamphlets for the pro-democracy movement in Burma in February 1995.

    2.Whether the applicant was caned for expressing his political opinion through a black ribbon protest.”

  3. Under this heading it is also alleged that the Tribunal failed to comply with s 424A in not supplying sufficient…

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AGLC
Naing v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs [2000] FCA 344
Case
[2000] FCA 344
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The case of Naing v Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs involved Mr Naing, a citizen of Burma who arrived in Australia in 1996, claiming refugee status. The Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs challenged Mr Naing's application for a protection visa, leading to the case being heard by the Federal Court of Australia. The primary issue before the court was whether Mr Naing qualified as a refugee under the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees, as amended by the 1967 Protocol. Specifically, the court needed to determine if Mr Naing's fear of persecution in Burma was well-founded and if he met the criteria outlined in Article 1A(2) of the Convention.

The court examined Mr Naing's claims of participation in the pro-democracy movement in Burma, including various demonstrations and activities from 1988 to 1995. It considered his allegations of arrest, detention, and ill-treatment by military intelligence. The Tribunal's summary highlighted Mr Naing's assertions of persecution due to his political activities, but the court scrutinised the evidence for its credibility and sufficiency. The court also assessed whether Mr Naing's fear of returning to Burma was reasonable, given his past experiences and the current political climate.

In its reasoning, the court concluded that Mr Naing had not provided sufficient evidence to substantiate his claims of persecution. The court found that while Mr Naing had participated in political activities, the evidence did not convincingly support his assertions of severe mistreatment or a credible fear of future persecution. Consequently, the court dismissed Mr Naing's application for a protection visa, ruling that he did not meet the criteria for refugee status under the Convention. The court also ordered that Mr Naing pay the respondent's costs.

Orders

Orders of the court

1. The application be dismissed.

2. The applicant pay the respondent’s costs.

Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

HILL J
It will be convenient to consider this second aspect of failure to comply with procedures together with the first ground, given that the two relate to each other.The decision of the Tribunal In accordance with the usual practice of the Tribunal its reasons commence with a summary of the terms of the 1951 United Nations Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees as amended by the 1967 Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (“the Convention”) and the relevant principles of case law as extracted from decisions of the High Court and this Court. There is no complaint directed at this summary. For present purposes it suffices to note here only that Article 1A(2) of the Convention defines a refugee to be a person who:“owing to well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to return to it.” The Tribunal then summarised the case which had been advanced by the applicant before it. Mr Naing is a citizen of Burma (now Myanmar) who arrived in Australia on 2 July 1996. He claimed to have first become involved with the pro-democracy movement in that country in June 1988 while a student in Year 7. He claimed to have participated in a protest against the killing of Phone Maw and other students on 21 June of that year. The demonstration was violent and some 100 students are purported to have been killed. Mr Naing did not participate in a later demonstration in August of that year because he was not permitted so to do by his parents. However he said that he had participated in a march on 14 September organised by the principal of the school as well as in another demonstration against the government on 17 September in which his father also participated. He also claimed to have participated on 8 August 1990 in a memorial for students killed in August 1988 by wearing and handing out black ribbons to students. The school principal caught him and three of his friends wearing these ribbons and scolded them, telling him that if he persisted in wearing the ribbons, he would be suspended. He claimed to have been caned five times. According to the applicant, he continued to be involved in the pro-democracy movement by putting up posters and distributing pamphlets. He said that, after leaving school, he was unable to attend university due to their closure. It was only in January 1995, after their reopening, that he commenced study at the Institute of Medicine at Rangoon University. Mr Naing said that, in February 1995, he had participated in a funeral commemoration for U Nu and distributed pamphlets to some 5,000 persons at the funeral service. He claimed that in the early hours of the next morning he was awakened by military intelligence, driven to a building where he was punched, ultimately arrested and sent to Insein gaol, where he was held for six months. He said that in this time he had been interrogated on a regular basis, kicked and beaten. Contact with his family was denied during this time as was adequate food and drink.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

Established by: HILL J

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