Central Australian Frack Free Alliance Inc v Minister for Environment
[2024] NTSC 75
Citation 1
…on and Multicultural Affairs v Eshetu (1999) 197 CLR 611, Minister for Immigration and Multicultural and Indigenous Affairs v SGLB (2004) 207 ALR 12, Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, Muswellbrook Shire Council v Hunter Valley Energy Coal Pty Ltd [2019] NSWCA 216, MZAPC v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection…
Fair Work Ombudsman v Foot & Thai Massage Pty Ltd (in liquidation) (No 8)
[2024] FCA 483
Citation 2
(Para 38)
….3A. While regard may be had to an objects clause to resolve uncertainty or ambiguity, an objects clause does not control clear statutory language: Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 78 (Cole JA); Lynn v New South Wales (2016) 91 NSWLR 636 at [54] (Beazley P, Gleeson JA agreeing at [147]). There is nothing uncertain o…
EXV v Uniting Church in Australia Property Trust (NSW)
[2024] NSWSC 490
Citation 3
…6 SR (WA) 77; [2018] WADC 169 Legal Services Board v Gillespie-Jones (2013) 249 CLR 493 at 509; [2013] HCA 35 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 New South Wales Aboriginal Land Council v Minister Administering the Crown Lands Act (2016) 260 CLR 232; [2016] HCA 50 Re Credit Tribunal; Ex parte General Motors Acceptance Cor…
Evans v Air Canada
[2023] NSWSC 1535
Citation 4
…Ltd v The State of New South Wales [2021] NSWCA 69 Mannai Investments v Eagle Star Life Assurance Co Ltd [1997] A.C. 749 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 Motorcycling Events Group Australia Pty Ltd v Kelly (2013) 86 NSWLR 55; [2013] NSWCA 361 National Mutual Holdings Pty Ltd v The Sentry Corporation (1989) 22 FCR 209;…
Foster and National Disability Insurance Agency
[2021] AATA 4738
Citation 5
(Para 7)
…f the legislative language’.[138] Further guidance with respect to the application of objects clauses can be found in the decision of Coles JA in Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) LGERA 31 which stated ‘whilst regard may be had to an objects clause to resolve uncertainty or ambiguity, the objects clause does not control clear statu…
Tannous v State of New South Wales
[2020] NSWCA 261
Citation 6
…v Holcombe (1986) 162 CLR 1; [1986] HCA 33 Lynn v State of New South Wales (2016) 91 NSWLR 636; [2016] NSWCA 57 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 New South Wales v WXN1 [2020] NSWSC 993 S v Australian Crime Commission (2005) 144 FCR 431; [2005] FCA 1310 State of New South Wales v Donovan (2015) 90 NSWLR 389; [2015] NSWC…
Australian Leisure and Hospitality Group Pty Ltd v Commissioner of Police
[2020] WASCA 157
Citation 7
…1986] HCA 40; (1986) 162 CLR 24 Minister for Employment and Workplace Relations (Cth) v Gribbles Radiology Pty Ltd [2005] HCA 9; (2005) 222 CLR 194 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 Municipal Officers' Association of Australia v Lancaster (1981) 54 FLR 129 Osland v Secretary, Department of Justice (No 2) [2010] HCA 24;…
DN v Burns
[2020] NTSC 12
Citation 8
…ennedy [2009] NTSC 56, M v Waldron (1988) 90 FLR 355, McKenna v The Queen (1992) 7 WAR 455, Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59, Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, Nguyen v R [2007] NSWCCA 14, Noakes v The Queen [2015] NTCCA 7, P (a minor) v Hill (1992) 110 FLR 42, Project Blue Sky Inc v Australian Broadcasting Authority…
NB v SB
[2020] NTCA 2
Citation 9
…(2010) 27 NTLR 174, Director of Public Prosecutions v Mattiuzzo (2011) 29 NTLR 189, Kizon v Palmer (1997) 72 FCR 409, Lawrie v Lawler [2016] NTCA 3, Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, MV v CEO Department of Children and Families & Ors [2012] NTSC 68, Nguyen v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural Affairs (1988) 88 F…
Kube v Sunshine Coast Regional Council
[2017] QLC 48
Citation 10
(Para 1)
…rlier decision and the later one.[1] These principles apply in this Court.[2] [1] Port of Melbourne Authority v Anshun Pty Ltd (1981) 147 CLR 589 and Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd & Ors v Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning & Anor (1996) 90 LGERA 1. [2] Maroochydore Central Holdings P/L v Maroochy Shire Council [2007] QCA 326.…
Mighty River International Ltd v Hughes
[2017] WASCA 152
Citation 11
(Para 5)
…meaning of another provision of the statute if that meaning is, in its textual and contextual surroundings, plain and unambiguous. See, for example, Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, 78 (Cole JA); S v Australian Crime Commission [2005] FCA 1310; (2005) 144 FCR 431 [22] (Mansfield J); Director of Public Prosecutions v…
Korda, in the matter of Ten Network Holdings Ltd (Administrators Appointed) (Receivers and Managers Appointed)
[2017] FCA 914
Citation 12
(Para 35)
…n within a statute “does not control clear statutory language” but, rather, is properly to be considered as an aid in construing the statute: Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 78 per Cole JA; CSL Australia Pty Ltd v Minister for Infrastructure and Transport (No 3) [2012] FCA 1261; 297 ALR 289 at 314 [99] per Robertso…
Australian Building and Construction Commissioner v Powell
[2017] FCAFC 89
Citation 13
(Para 25)
…n within a statute “does not control clear statutory language” but, rather, is properly to be considered as an aid in construing the statute: Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 78 per Cole JA; CSL Australia Pty Ltd v Minister for Infrastructure and Transport (No 3) [2012] FCA 1261; 297 ALR 289 at 314 [99] per Robertso…
Little v Commissioner for Social Housing
[2017] ACAT 11
Citation 14
…2009] ACTSC 48 Miller v Commissioner for Social Housing [2017] ACAT 10 Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Wu Shan Liang (1996) 185 CLR 259 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 PJB v Melbourne Health & Anor (Patrick’s case) [2011] VSC 327 Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Pochi [1980] FCA 85 Shi v Mig…
Miller v Commissioner for Social Housing
[2017] ACAT 10
Citation 15
…09] ACTSC 48 McKinnon v Secretary, Department of the Treasury (2006) 228 CLR 423 Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affair v Pochi [1980] FCA 85 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 PJB v Melbourne Health & Anor [2011] VSC 327 (Patrick’s Case) Shi v Migration Agents Registration Authority [2008] HCA 31 Zhang & Anor v Comm…
Hunter Development Corporation v Save Our Rail NSW Incorporated (No 2)
[2016] NSWCA 375
Citation 16
(Para 64)
…he proceedings were determined. HDC also placed reliance on the decision in Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd [1996] NSWCA 365 as a case in which it was held that the subsequent passage of legislation should not affect the determination of costs notwithstanding the fact that the le…
Lynn v State of New South Wales
[2016] NSWCA 57
Citation 17
(Para 54)
…ay be relevant to the meaning to be given to provisions of the Act. However, the object provisions of an Act cannot control clear statutory language: Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 78. Further, there are many statutes where the objects of the Act are directed to disparate ends and are not necessarily harmonious. N…
Van Heerden v Hawkins
[2016] WASCA 42
Citation 18
(Para 2)
…meaning of another provision of the statute if that meaning is, in its textual and contextual surroundings, plain and unambiguous. See, for example, Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, 78 (Cole JA); S v Australian Crime Commission [2005] FCA 1310; (2005) 144 FCR 431 [22] (Mansfield J); Director of Public Prosecutions v…
Tolson v Roads and Maritime Services
[2014] NSWCA 161
Citation 19
(Para 1)
…rovisions of the legislation, however it cannot control clear statutory language, or command a particular outcome or exercise of discretionary power: Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 78.…
Harris v Scenic Rim Regional Council
[2014] QPEC 16
Citation 20
(Para 1)
…cognised that the principle of finality is not contravened merely because an approval condition requires a management plan to address some issue: see Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 68-69, 94-96; Transport Action Group Against Motorways Inc v Roads & Traffic Authority at [117]–[122].…
Coffs Harbour City Council v The Minister for Planning and Infrastructure
[2013] NSWCA 44
Citation 21
(Para 4)
…evant power existed at the relevant time: Brown v West (1998) 169 CLR 195 at 203; Johns v Australian Securities Commission (1993) 178 CLR 408 at 426; Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 85. Thus, as s 75P(1)(a) conferred the source of power to sustain the determination made by the Minister in Part C of Schedule 2 to th…
CSL Australia Pty Ltd v Minister for Infrastructure and Transport (No 3)
[2012] FCA 1261
Citation 22
…001) 206 CLR 57 applied Minister for Immigration and Multicultural Affairs v Yusuf (2001) 206 CLR 323 applied Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 applied Murphyores Inc Pty Ltd v Commonwealth (1976) 136 CLR 1 applied NAUV v Minister for Immigration & Multicultural & Indigenous Affairs (2003) 79 ALD 149 considered Peko-Wal…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Emmerson
[2012] NTSC 60
Citation 23
…erny (1986) 28 A Crim R 318 R v McLeod (2007) 174 A Crim R 526 Macri v The State of Western Australia [2006] WASCA 63 Mada v The Queen [2003] WASCA 1 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LEGRA 31 Municipal Officers Association v Lancaster (1981) 54 FLR 129 Murphy v Farmer (1988) 165 CLR 19 Mutual Pools & Staff Pty Ltd v Commonwealt…
Latitude Developments Pty Ltd v Haswell
[2010] QSC 346
Citation 24
(Para 1)
…s not, of itself, affect the validity of the notice of termination. [37] Johns v Australian Securities Commission & Ors (1993) 178 CLR 408, 426, 469; Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, 85, 86; Brown v West & Anor (1990) 169 CLR 195, 203.…
Kitching v Queensland Commissioner of Police
[2010] QSC 303
Citation 25
(Para 1)
…ower existed”.[17] [17] Johns v Australian Securities Commission (1993) 178 CLR 408, 426; see also 469; and Brown v West (1990) 169 CLR 195, 203; Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, 85, 86.…
Hastings Point Progress Association Inc v Tweed Shire Council
[2009] NSWCA 285
Citation 26
…Commissioner for Public Employment [2006] HCA 5; 225 CLR 130 Franklins Ltd v Penrith City Council [1999] NSWCA 134 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 Najask Pty Ltd v Palerang Council [2009] NSWCA 39 Oshlack v Richmond River Council [1998] HCA 11; 193 CLR 72 Parramatta City Council v Hale (1982) 47 LGERA 319 Wygiren Pty…
ID, PF and DV v Director General, Department of Juvenile Justice
[2008] NSWSC 966
Citation 27
…v Chief Executive, Department of Corrective Services (2001) 121 A Crim R 173 Russo v Aiello [2003] 215 CLR 643 Tickner v Bropho (1993) 114 ALR 409 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 Aboriginal Legal Service Ltd v Minister for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Affairs (1996) 69 FCR 565 Re Yanner (2000) 100 FCR 551 Re…
Massie v Brisbane City Council
[2007] QCA 159
Citation 28
(Para 1)
…test when dealing with a planning scheme which has the character of a legislative instrument. Mr Hinson SC referred the Court to the decision in Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd & Ors (1996) 91 LGERA 31, where Sheller JA quoted, at p 43, from the decision of Williams ACJ and Kitto J in Clements v Bull (1953) 88 CLR 572 at 577, to this effect:…
Hurstville City Council v Renaldo Plus 3 Pty Ltd
[2006] NSWCA 248
Citation 29
(Para 36)
…he function of supervising a later stage of the development is prohibited.” See also Scott v Wollongong City Council (1992) 75 LGRA 112 at 118; Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 94–96.…
Shellbridge Pty Ltd v Rider Hunt Sydney Pty Ltd
[2005] NSWSC 1152
Citation 30
…ldmark Developers Pty Ltd v G J Formwork Pty Ltd [2004] NSWSC 905 Holmwood Holdings Pty Ltd v Halkat Electrical Contractors Pty Ltd [2005] NSWSC 1129 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 Timwin Construction Pty Ltd v Façade Innovations Pty Ltd [2005] NSWSC 548 PARTIES: Shellbridge Pty Ltd - Plaintiff Rider Hunt Sydney Pty…
VAW (Kurri Kurri) Pty Ltd v Scientific Committee
[2003] NSWCA 297
Citation 31
…nsurance v Australian Securities Commission (1992) 40 FCR 409 MIMA v Bhardwaj (2002) 209 CLR 597 Minister for Immigration v Yusuf (2001) 75 ALJR 1105 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 Moore v The Attorney General (Irish Free State) [1935] AC 484 Newcrest Mining (WA) Ltd v The Commonwealth (1997) 190 CLR 513 Project Blue…
Weal v Bathurst City Council
[2000] NSWCA 88
Citation 32
(Para 27)
…t no reasonable person could have taken that course ( Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1995) 183 CLR 273 at 290). See also Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31.…
Transport Action Group Against Motorways Inc v Roads and Traffic Authority
[1999] NSWCA 196
Citation 33
…d); Genkem Pty Ltd v Environment Protection Authority (1994) 35 NSWLR 33 (applied); Scott v Wollongong SC (1992) 75 LGRA 112, Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGRA 31, Guthega Development Pty Ltd v Minister Administering the National Parks and Wildlife Act (NSW) 1974 (1986) 7 NSWLR 353 (discussed) By Sheller JA (concurring): Th…
Baiada v Waste Recycling & Processing Service of NSW
[1999] NSWCA 139
Citation 34
…or alternative source of authority ( Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 85-6). Of course the present context is slightly different in that there is said to be no direct evidence of the Council intending to grant general consent for the purposes of the BPSO. In Holroyd Municipal Council v Rogers (1969) 17 LGRA 388, the…
Gull Petroleum (WA) Pty Ltd v Nashville Investments Pty Ltd
[1999] WASCA 12
Citation 35
…Londish v Knox Grammar School (1997) 97 LGERA 1 Luu v Renevier (1989) 91 ALR 39 Minister for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1995) 183 CLR 273 Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 Nashville Investments Pty Ltd v Gull Petroleum (WA) Pty Ltd & Ors, unreported; SCt of WA (Parker J); Library No 980363; 24 June 1998 Parr…
Mauldera & Orbel
[2014] FamCAFC 135
Citation 36
(Para 2)
…se cannot cut down the plain and unambiguous meaning of a provision if that meaning in its textual and contextual surroundings is clear”. And, in Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at page 78, Cole JA said that “… whilst regard may be had to an objects clause to resolve uncertainty or unambiguity, the objects clause does…
Tsang v Francis
[2021] WASCA 131
Citation 37
(Para 9)
…s been based primarily on similar observations in Wacando v Commonwealth [43] in relation to the proper construction of a preamble to a statute. [40] Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, 78 (Cole JA). [41] S v Australian Crime Commission [2005] FCA 1310; (2005) 144 FCR 431 [22] (Mansfield J). [42] Director of Public Prose…
Dermer v The Shire of Busselton
[2002] WASC 15
Citation 38
…lcliff Community Association Inc v Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning [1999] NSWCA 317 Johns v Australian Securities Commission (1993) 178 CLR 408 Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 Re Fiver Pty Ltd; Ex Parte The Cabaret Owners Association of Western Australia Incorporated & Ors, unreported; FCt SCt of WA; Library No…
ATS (Asia Pacific) Pty Ltd v Dun Oir Investments Pty Ltd
[2012] FCA 1004
Citation 39
(Para 30)
…ing in its textual and contextual surroundings is clear: S v Australian Crime Commission (2005) 144 FCR 431 at 439. Further, as Cole JA stated in Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 78: Whilst regard may be had to an objects clause to resolve uncertainty or ambiguity, the objects clause does not control clear statutory…
Carlier & Botrel
[2025] FedCFamC2F 398
Citation 40
(Para 9)
…nambiguous meaning of a provision if that meaning in its textual and contextual surroundings is clear”. And, in Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at page 78, Cole JA said that “… whilst regard may be had to an objects clause to resolve uncertainty or unambiguity, the objects clause does not control clear statutory langu…
Avonlea & Daxton
[2023] FedCFamC2F 1377
Citation 41
(Para 6)
…he plain and unambiguous meaning of a provision if that meaning in its textual and contextual surroundings is clear”. And, in Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at page 78, Cole JA said that “… whilst regard may be had to an objects clause to resolve uncertainty or unambiguity, the objects clause does not control clear s…
Leighton & Bainum
[2022] FedCFamC2F 1615
Citation 42
(Para 4)
…cannot cut down the plain and unambiguous meaning of a provision if that meaning in its textual and contextual surroundings is clear”. And, in Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at page 78, Cole JA said that “… whilst regard may be had to an objects clause to resolve uncertainty or unambiguity, the objects clause does n…
Williamson & Parrish
[2022] FedCFamC2F 68
Citation 43
(Para 15)
…wn the plain and unambiguous meaning of a provision if that meaning in its textual and contextual surroundings is clear”. And, in Minister for Urban Affairs & Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at page 78, Cole JA said that “… whilst regard may be had to an objects clause to resolve uncertainty or unambiguity, the objects clause does not control cle…
GHJ v Secretary to the Department of Justice and Community Safety (No 2)
[2019] VSC 411
Citation 44
(Para 1)
…guity, the objects clause does not control clear statutory language, or command a particular outcome of exercise of discretionary power’: Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, 78 (Cole JA) cited in D C Pearce and R S Geddes, Statutory Interpretation in Australia (LexisNexis Butterworths, 8 th ed, 2014), 195-197 [4.51].…
Webb v Secretary to the Department of Justice
[2015] VSC 616
Citation 45
(Para 1)
…edit Tribunal, Ex parte General Motors Acceptance Corporation, Australia, (1977) 14 ALR 257, 260 (Barwick CJ). [40]See the observations of Cole JA in Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31, 78. See also CSL Australia Pty Ltd v Minister for Infrastructure and Transport (No 3) [2012] FCA 1261, [99]; DC Pearce and RS Geddes, St…
Geelong Community for Good Life Inc v Environment Protection Authority
[2008] VSC 185
Citation 46
(Para 1)
…common law requirement of consultation, the breach of which results in invalidity”[69]. [68]Aronson et al, op. cit, 429-432. See also Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) NSWSC 348, esp the text relating to footnotes 38 and 39; In re Westminster City Council [1986] 1 AC 668 at 692F-693A; Jergesen “The Legal Requirements of Consultatio…
East Melbourne Group Inc v Minister for Planning
[2005] VSC 242
Citation 47
(Para 1)
…20]This approach has been adopted in cases such as Minister of State for Immigration and Ethnic Affairs v Teoh (1995) 183 CLR 273, at 290 and Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 76. For recent essays on the question of judicial review for unreasonableness see also Rosana Panetta , “Wednesbury Unreasonableness: Judicial…
Universal Property Group Pty Ltd v Liverpool City Council
[2024] NSWLEC 1036
Citation 48
…Planning Panel [2013] NSWLEC 125 at [114] to [116] citing Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31; [1996] NSWCA 365 at 85 – 86.)”…
Ryan v Northern Regional Planning Panel (No 8)
[2022] NSWLEC 110
Citation 49
(Para 128)
…hether a SIS is required is a jurisdictional fact, meaning a decision reviewable by the Court. A development consent is valid until declared invalid: Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31 at 88. The distinction between a void and voidable breach of the Act is discussed by McHugh JA in Hannan No 3 at 327. That at the time th…
Maurici v Hunters Hill Council
[2021] NSWLEC 1482
Citation 50
(Para 7)
…r Clay, who in part relied on the Court of Appeal findings in Minister for Urban Affairs and Planning v Rosemount Estates Pty Ltd (1996) 91 LGERA 31; [1996] NSWCA 365, which included at (at p 85):…