Lanyon v NTA and Staker

Case [2002] NTSC 6


Lanyon v NTA and Staker [2002] NTSC 6

PARTIES:RODNEY ALLAN LANYON

v

NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA

and

ANDREW WILLIAM STAKER

TITLE OF COURT:  SUPREME COURT OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

JURISDICTION:  SUPREME COURT OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY EXERCISING APPELLATE JURISDICTION

FILE NO:LA 19 of 2001 (20010039)

DELIVERED:  10 January 2002

HEARING DATE:  21 December 2001

JUDGMENT OF:  BAILEY J

REPRESENTATION:

Counsel:

Appellant:M Grant

First Respondent:  A Young

Second Respondent:  No appearance

Solicitors:

Appellant:Hunt and Hunt

First Respondent:  Withnall Maley

Judgment category classification:      C

Judgment ID Number:  bai02002

Number of pages:  14

bai02002

IN THE SUPREME COURT
OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY
OF AUSTRALIA
AT DARWIN

Lanyon v NTA and Staker [2002] NTSC 6
No. LA 19 of 2001 (20010039)

BETWEEN:

RODNEY ALLAN LANYON

Appellant

AND:

NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA

First Respondent

ANDREW WILLIAM STAKER

Second Respondent

CORAM:    BAILEY J

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

(Delivered 10 January 2002)

Background

  1. On 12 September 2001, the appellant’s application for an assistance certificate under the Crimes (Victims Assistance) Act was refused by the Local Court.  The appellant seeks to appeal the refusal to issue an assistance certificate on the grounds that the learned magistrate erred in law in that he:

    (a)misdirected himself as to matters required to establish contribution under s 10 of the Crimes (Victims Assistance) Act (“the Act”);

    (b)misdirected himself in accepting the appellant’s version of events but declining to issue an assistance certificate on the basis of s 10 of the Act;

    (c)wrongly concluded that the appellant was not entitled to an assistance certificate; and

    (d)wrongly concluded that the level of the appellant’s contribution to his own injury was 100%.

  2. After refusing to issue an assistance certificate pursuant to s 10 of the Act, the learned magistrate indicated that if he had been minded to issue a certificate he would have specified an amount “in the area of $20,000” by way of assistance for the injury suffered by the appellant. Mr Young, who appeared on behalf of the first respondent, submitted that the learned magistrate’s refusal to issue an assistance certificate was correct in law. However, in the event that this Court concluded that the appellant was entitled to an assistance certificate, Mr Young conceded that an amount of $20,000 was an appropriate starting point for assessment of the amount to be provided by way of assistance for the injury suffered by the appellant. Mr Young further submitted that this amount should be reduced substantially having regard to the extent to which the appellant’s conduct contributed to his injury. Mr Grant, counsel for the appellant submitted that the figure of $20,000 was appropriate. In his submission, if there was to be any reduction on account of the appellant’s conduct, this should be limited to 10% to 15% of $20,000.

Findings by the Learned Magistrate

  1. The learned magistrate found that the appellant was injured “much as he (the appellant) alleges”.  This finding was not based on the appellant’s evidence, but rather the evidence of Finn Mitchell, a friend of the appellant’s, who had witnessed part…

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AGLC
Lanyon v NTA and Staker [2002] NTSC 6
Case
[2002] NTSC 6
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The case of Lanyon v NTA and Staker involved an appeal against a decision made by the Local Court regarding the issuance of an assistance certificate. The appellant, Lanyon, sought an assistance certificate under the Crimes (Victims’ Assistance) Act 1986, which was denied by the Local Court. The respondents argued that Lanyon's conduct as a drug dealer and his chaotic lifestyle contributed to his injury, thereby warranting a reduction or denial of the certificate. The dispute centred on whether the appellant's unlawful conduct warranted a reduction in the assistance specified in the certificate.

The legal issues before the court were whether the Local Court had correctly exercised its discretion under section 10 of the Act in denying the appellant an assistance certificate, and whether the appellant's unlawful conduct, specifically his drug dealing and chaotic lifestyle, contributed to his injury in a manner that warranted a reduction in the amount of assistance. The court needed to determine if the appellant's unlawful conduct substantially contributed to the injury, thereby affecting the amount of assistance he was entitled to receive.

The court examined the statutory framework of section 10 of the Act, which grants the Local Court discretion to consider the conduct of the victim and any other relevant matters. The court recognised that unlawful conduct on the part of a victim does not necessarily exclude them from receiving assistance, but it may affect the amount of assistance awarded. The court applied a common-sense test of causation to determine whether the appellant's unlawful conduct contributed to his injury. It found that the appellant's conduct as a drug dealer and his chaotic lifestyle did contribute to the injury, leading to the conclusion that the Local Court's decision to deny the appellant an assistance certificate was justified.

The court ultimately upheld the Local Court's decision, affirming that the appellant's unlawful conduct contributed to his injury, thereby warranting a denial of the assistance certificate. The court did not find it necessary to interpret the Act by reference to corresponding legislation in other jurisdictions, as it determined that the Act itself provided sufficient guidance on the matter.

Orders

Orders of the court

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Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

The main thrust of Mr Young’s submissions on behalf of the first respondent was that the appellant’s approach to the findings of the learned magistrate was misconceived. In particular, the learned magistrate had not, as Mr Grant had suggested, denied the appellant an assistance certificate on broad public policy grounds concerned with the appellant’s disreputable character, chaotic lifestyle, reliance on prescription morphine tablets and occasional unlawful drug dealing. The learned magistrate had relied upon the appellant’s conduct in holding himself as a drug dealer who had initially entertained negotiations with the second respondent for the supply of morphine tablets. In Mr Young’s submission, the risks of attempting to do business with a person known to him as a drug abuser at a time when that person was displaying signs of withdrawal must have been obvious. The appellant was a person who, on his own evidence, had previously been the target of theft by those seeking drugs and kept a large knife in his room for just such “emergencies”. In Mr Young’s submission, applying a common-sense test of causation (March v Stramare (1990) 171 CLR 506) would merit the conclusion that, had the appellant not been a drug dealer, the second respondent would not have approached him. Further, in Mr Young’s submission, physical injury to the appellant was entirely foreseeable in circumstances where the appellant was initially willing to negotiate with the second respondent despite the latter displaying signs of drug withdrawal and had a large knife to hand to deal with the risk of being a target for robbery.Conclusions In applying s 10 of the Act to the findings of the learned magistrate in the present case, I do not think it is necessary or convenient to interpret s 10 by reference to corresponding legislation in other jurisdictions. Section 10(1) requires the Local Court to have regard “to the conduct of the victim and to any other matters it considers relevant”. Section 10(2) requires the Local Court to make an appropriate reduction in the amount of assistance specified in an assistance certificate where the Court is satisfied that “the victim’s conduct contributed to the injury or death of the victim”. It is apparent that s 10 of the Act grants a large measure of discretion to the Local Court. Counsel referred me to a number of cases in other jurisdictions where unlawful conduct on the part of a victim has not been held to entirely exclude a grant of assistance or compensation (eg South Australia v Nguyen (1991) 57 SASR 252; South Australia v Richards (1997) 69 SASR 263; R v McDonald (1979) NSWLR 451). It is not necessary for present purposes to consider such cases in detail. I think it is clear that the Act does not contemplate that unlawful conduct on the part of a victim will necessarily act as a complete bar to an award of assistance. If the Legislature had intended such a result, no doubt such a provision would have been included in s 12 of the Act (which prescribes certain circumstances where an assistance certificate is not to be issued). Whether or not a victim’s unlawful conduct will preclude any assistance or reduce the amount of assistance must be a matter of fact and degree to be determined in light of the particular circumstances of a case by applying a common-sense test of causation. No doubt there are circumstances where it would be inappropriate to make a reduction in the amount to be specified in an assistance certificate despite some unlawful conduct on the part of the victim. These would be cases where the unlawfulness of the victim’s conduct made no substantial contribution to the injury suffered by the victim. On the other hand, there may be circumstances where the victim’s conduct so contributed to his injury that the amount of assistance to be awarded should be reduced substantially or eliminated entirely.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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