Jacka v Australian Capital Territory

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SUPREME COURT OF THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY
COURT OF APPEAL

Case Title:

Jacka v Australian Capital Territory & Anor

Citation:

[2014] ACTCA 49

Hearing Date:

13 August 2014

DecisionDate:

12 November 2014

Before:

Penfold and Gilmour JJ, Walmsley AJ

Decision:

1.   The appeal is dismissed

2.   The appellant is to pay the respondents’ costs.

Category:

Principal Judgment

Catchwords:

CONSTITUTIONAL LAW - appeal - constitutional validity of provisions of the Crimes (Sentence Administration) Act 2005 (ACT) – cancellation of periodic detention – whether or not exercise of judicial power – characteristics of judicial power – appeal dismissed.

Legislation Cited:

Constitution Ch III, ss 71, 76(ii), 77(iii)

Corrections Management Act 2007 (ACT)
Crimes Act 1900 (ACT) s 25
Crimes (Sentencing) Act 2005 (ACT) ss 6, 11, 77, 78, 79, 82
Crimes (Sentence Administration) Act 2005 (ACT) ss 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 58, 63, 64, 68, 68(2)(f), 69, 75, 79, 82, 82A

Road Transport (Driver Licensing) Act 1999 (ACT) s 32(1)(a)

Cases Cited:

Attorney-General for the Commonwealth of Australia v Alinta Limited (2008) 233 CLR 542

Brandy v Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission (1995) 183 CLR 245
Browne v The Queen [2000] 1 AC 45
Chu Kheng Lim v The Minister for Immigration, Local Government and Ethnic Affairs (1992) 176 CLR 1
Crump v State of New South Wales (2012) 247 CLR 1
Elliott v The Queen (2007) 234 CLR 38
Fardon v Attorney-General for the State of Queensland (2004) 223 CLR 575
Hinds v The Queen [1977] AC 195
Huddart, Parker and Co Proprietary Limitedv Moorehead (1909) 8 CLR 330
ICM Agriculture Pty Ltd v The Commonwealth of Australia (2009) 240 CLR 140
Mitchell Jacka v Australian Capital Territory and Chief Executive of the Department of Justice and Community Safety of the Australian Capital Territory [2013] ACTSC 199
Kable v Director of Public Prosecutions (NSW) (1996) 189 CLR 51
Lewis v Chief Executive of the Department of Justice and Community Safety of the Australian Capital Territory (2013) 280 FLR 118
Luton v Lessels (2002) 210 CLR 333
Multicon Engineering Pty Ltd v Federal Airports Corporation (1997) 47 NSWLR 631
North Australian Aboriginal Legal Aid Service Inc v Bradley (2004) 218 CLR 146
Pollentine v Bleijie (2014) 88 ALJR 796
Precision Data Holdings Limited v Wills (1991) 173 CLR 167
R v Davison (1954) 90 CLR 353
R v The Trade Practices Tribunal; Ex parte Tasmanian Breweries Proprietary Limited (1970) 123 CLR 361
Re Cram; Ex parte The Newcastle Wallsend Coal Company Proprietary Limited (1987) 163 CLR 140
Re Wakim; Ex parte McNally (1999) 198 CLR 511
Rizhao Steel Holding Group Co Ltd v Koolan Iron Ore Pty Ltd (2012) 43 WAR 91

Telstra Corporation Ltd v Hurstville City Council (2002) 118 FCR 198
 The Attorney-General for the Commonwealth v Breckler (1999) 197 CLR 83
The Queen (Wexford County Council) v The Local Government Board for Ireland [1902] 2 IR 349

Wainohu v State of New South Wales (2011) 243 CLR 181

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Details
Case
[2014] ACTCA 49
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

Jacka appealed to the Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory against a decision concerning the constitutional validity of provisions within the *Crimes (Sentence Administration) Act 2005* (ACT). The core of the dispute revolved around the cancellation of periodic detention, and whether this action constituted an exercise of judicial power.

The primary legal issue before the Court was whether the provisions of the *Crimes (Sentence Administration) Act 2005* (ACT) that allowed for the cancellation of periodic detention were constitutionally valid, specifically in relation to the separation of powers doctrine and the prohibition against the exercise of judicial power by non-judicial bodies. The Court was required to determine if the power to cancel periodic detention, as exercised under the Act, fell within the exclusive purview of the judiciary.

The Court dismissed the appeal, finding that the exercise of the power to cancel periodic detention under the impugned provisions did not constitute an unlawful exercise of judicial power. The reasoning likely centred on an analysis of the characteristics of judicial power and whether the function performed by the relevant administrative body possessed those characteristics. The Court applied established legal principles concerning the separation of judicial power, concluding that the legislative scheme did not offend constitutional constraints.

Consequently, the appeal was dismissed, and the appellant was ordered to pay the respondents’ costs.

Orders

Orders of the court

1. The appeal is dismissed

2. The appellant is to pay the respondents’ costs.

Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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