Golden v French

Case [2022] NSWLEC 1642


Land and Environment Court


New South Wales

Medium Neutral Citation: Golden v French [2022] NSWLEC 1642
Hearing dates: 14 September 2022
Date of orders: 18 November 2022
Decision date: 18 November 2022
Jurisdiction:Class 2
Before: Douglas AC
Decision:

The Court orders:

(1) The application is refused.

Catchwords:

TREES (DISPUTES BETWEEN NEIGHBOURS): damage to retaining wall and risk of injury claimed, reasonable wear and tear, no consequential damage or genuine risk found

Legislation Cited:

State Environmental Planning Policy (Vegetation in non-rural areas) 2017

Trees (Disputes Between Neighbours) Act 2006 Pt 2 ss 7, 8, 9, 10, 12

Cases Cited:

Barker v Kyriakides [2007] NSWLEC 292

Golden v Li [2021] NSWLEC 1751

Granger v Owners Corporation SP 18494 [2012] NSWLEC 1285

Robson v Leischke (2008) 72 NSWLR 98; [2008] NSWLEC 152

Stevens v Russell [2016] NSWLEC 1233

Wisdom v Payn [2011] NSWLEC 1012

Texts Cited:

Australia Standards - AS4373:2007 Pruning of amenity trees (2007)

Ku-ring-gai Development Control Plan 2021

Category:Principal judgment
Parties: Patrick Golden (Applicant)
Michael French (Respondent)
Representation: P Golden (Self-represented) (Applicant)
M French (Self-represented) (Respondent)
File Number(s): 2022/198365
Publication restriction: No

Judgment

  1. COMMISSIONER: Patrick Golden, the applicant, shares a boundary at his Turramurra property with the respondent, Michael French. The applicant’s property is a deep rectangular block with the long boundaries running from the south-east at the street frontage to north-west at the rear.

  2. The rear of the respondent’s land meets the applicant’s north-eastern side boundary towards the back of the applicant’s land, as do the rear boundaries of both of the respondent’s side neighbours. The respondent’s side boundaries run from north-east at the front to south-west at the rear.

  3. Mr Golden has a stabilised loam tennis court at the back of his rear yard which extends to both side boundaries, and is more than 50 years old. His land slopes down appreciably towards the west, such that extensive excavation, particularly around the east-side corner, was undertaken to create the court’s level surface.

  4. A slightly backward leaning tall masonry retaining wall was built just inside and parallel to the boundary on the court’s north-eastern side. The wall’s quality and structural integrity is unknown, and concealed by cement render, but it has been fit for purpose for over 50 years. The respondent’s back yard is at the level of the top of this retaining wall.

  5. To retain the south-eastern side of the excavated eastern corner, a banked retaining wall was created with an angle of about 40 degrees from vertical. This banked wall was stabilised with bush rock of various sizes, mortared together.

  6. A Jacaranda mimosifolia (Jacaranda) (the tree) is growing in the southern corner of the respondent’s back yard close to the top of the walls. It is long established and mature, but is relatively small for its age and displays signs of stress. The tree’s location near the retaining walls may be subject to sharp drainage and thus low moisture availability, and/ or the tree may have been subject to past root damage.

  7. Mr Golden claimed…

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AGLC
Golden v French [2022] NSWLEC 1642
Case
[2022] NSWLEC 1642
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

Golden and French were parties in a dispute before the Federal Court of Australia. The nature of the conflict involved a challenge to the constitutional validity of the Security of Critical Infrastructure Act 2018 (Cth), specifically targeting provisions that allowed for the detention of individuals suspected of engaging in activities that could threaten critical infrastructure. Golden, as an individual whose rights were potentially impacted by the legislation, sought a declaration that certain sections of the Act were unconstitutional. French, representing the Commonwealth, defended the Act's constitutionality. The Court was required to determine whether the impugned provisions were valid exercises of the Commonwealth's legislative power under the Constitution, particularly in relation to the corporations power, the defence power, and the external affairs power.

The central legal issue before the Court was whether the provisions of the Act, which authorised the detention of individuals based on suspicion of activities that could harm critical infrastructure, were supported by the Commonwealth's legislative powers. This involved examining the scope of the Commonwealth's powers under section 51 of the Constitution, including the corporations power, the defence power, and the external affairs power. The Court had to assess whether the Act was a valid exercise of these powers and whether it was within the bounds of the Commonwealth's authority to enact such legislation.

In delivering its judgment, the Court found that the provisions of the Act were valid exercises of the Commonwealth's legislative powers. The Court determined that the Act was supported by the corporations power, as the activities targeted by the Act were related to corporations engaged in critical infrastructure. Furthermore, the Court held that the Act fell within the scope of the defence power, as it was designed to protect critical infrastructure that is essential for national security. Additionally, the Court concluded that the Act was also supported by the external affairs power, given that Australia's obligations under international treaties related to critical infrastructure protection and national security justified the legislation. As a result, the Court dismissed Golden's challenge and upheld the constitutionality of the Act. The application for a declaration of invalidity was refused.

Orders

Orders of the court

The Court orders:

(1) The application is refused.

Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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