Ivan Raymond Williams v the Queen

,rll! l~:l!,'l~

1 ';,!):.l;'>

'l.ll,!

. - ........ .......

. .

L V I : , - :

I , ,

' 1 ,.:><,\-l

, - l ' -

!.l::

. .

! . . I , , , - ,

: I .

. - -

;

, f . ,

, .

, ~ r i I L l l ,	t ? l	!	,	I l 1	:	8 : ,	,	7	I i	l , ' 1 , -	,
' .I .-.

till. 1 1 1 1 . 1

l':.

7 - ' m . .

"111

Lh.ll

l l c L ~ J C I

c t<Cl

: ! 2

:1a111

c ' '

1 ' 1 JL:

C ! :

1.11:

L . i i 1 . J ' : i n .

. . I

t h e

1111 c x n t l c n t l 1 . 1 t

p.17-t tl ~ r . 0 1

. . I .

t o b c ~ ~ c c , l ; : ~ d

L')

;!t

: ;: 1,;

C , J ;

l , , : !

G r ~ J f ~ t l l . .

3 s :I

J 'L'C

C B :

T C ' . , ~ I ~ ~

; ] , , i t ,

L : . l

i i , , '

o f

I l l & -

C : ~ ~ l l l l l < ~ l ,

. L %:l

t!l

,111:

t ! lC

Au* , t rd I I : I I I

<,!]>I

t . 1 1

I < . ] :

L! u : y

:I,::I

NI:.

a ; ; , 1 1 1 1 5 1

( I l l ?

~ l ~ ~ ' c ! l . l l l l ~

t < ~ l , l l - , i , , ~

f , 1 v o 1 1 1 ,111 l).

1 0 1

111111. "

! 1 c g I 1 ' l .

t l : . ' ~ c

l \ : ]>

LlJl~l!> i l C \ i c ' ( 1

L!? L

. - .

Q S

otlj c ' c t l o n s

t o ,

a11~I . . I ~ < ~ I < , , I , L ~ I : : ~

L 7 , !

l , (

J I I < J C ~ L I ~ C

, l ;

- i i l l c - i ~

L ! ~ L

: c 1 1 1

, L I I ~ I , : ~ . !

> i i

. '

t T

l L'(!

[ L h ?

o l l c ,

( 1 ~ 5 ~ 1

l l l c t l

, 1 1 > O r c J

( : l ,

t k ~ C

L . ] ? ' I I .L :~

cc; l! ; ] l

LT:

l : .

I t )

11,

' . .

' .

I I

, 1. :.(:.

1 1 ,

m , <

B , 7 .

l , ,

m 0

, , ~ ,

, , , ~t 1 , )

I ,

. i

l !

1 ,

I 1

I , ,

I L I l >

0 :

: .

a n

~ n d l c t n n c ; l t

r o

1 1 1 ~ 3

i:11?:,1 I,.)]:

1i1c L ~ L ~ . L I

, t (:

fc];? J L , ~ ".c:- '1

J I I ( ! ~ C : I ~ J I I > ;

t l 1 ~ 1 1 !l?

9s!~:;ii?d 7 0 I I ; ~

I I;;:.LII

11 i ,>

; J - , - :

:1c1

7t1y.l t )

+,>

t h . l t

L ] I L ~ , ' ~ c '

I ' l l ; ~ pJ-'.7<'L1~8-e : .aL; ,

l 0?1 'd :1> ,

'111.' .I,:,-L<.I'd

l ldd plc.lclcc!

1101 I

I t l

1 . r )

\ .h L ( 11

anL, t l l c

' l I i t >

I I I G ~ I .

~ I I I L

1;:

i 1-,1:1;

!..:l?

p r e < ~ ~

:.*.c!

~ J I .

tile

l n t c r

G < - ~ . I ! . J ~ I I . [ l . ( , .

t l l c

0111.,

O I >

\ \ ~ I I c . J > 1 1 -

I::,\

t::,,:r~ctc[')

\,,.!11ii;

COl lL~~ l1~C!~~

t l l * l t COtIllt

:l1111

t n 0 ~ T ! ! L I S , l.?',

~ . L ~ I L ~ I - , > ~ C ~

l l l L ~ l c ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ; ~ L ,

d?ld

1 1 0 1 1 1 I

: L -

1 . 1

i h c

0 ~ 1 1 1

Tl lc i:rct

l h . ; t

; i l c l - c :\.I.

, I

:l.

, - ,

. i l l c t i ; c ~

~ n t l ~ c t i ; c ~ l t

ol ,

t 1 1 c

h 1

1 c : ! 1

I l

- 7

l ~ ~ . ~ 1 ( * i r . ~ l ; i

t : ~

L ! I ~ > t r l < l l , . ' l

1 i 1 )

.!.>.Li:

1 :y

L>%

1. , # l

,;:I,.'

t .> ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ -

I ; ] ; *

, L

. 1

c I l ~ ' 1

sot871. L l

l:]:

I T , . , ; ~ ,.

L L ' !

! l \ . > ,.,l

1 -

I I I i :.,

.... L,.'

I C L I I L I a

n c : . c d

;.l.ctl:,

L .

1r.1 i l ; ' . .~

111 1 1 ~ -

I , I ~ , , .

n o t

f i ~ n l t y

i ~ )

t h c f1rt.t c ~ u ~ ~ t

; 1 1 ( .

1 1 1 ~ 1 : ~ - t : l l c n t ,

soc i l~ l

!-*ropk-1!

t r c , l ; ~ c :

J >

p1c.1 0:'

n o t

; : u l ? l j

I , - )

L I N L l :

Cln?

0:'

:I:?

grorlric!~: i n : i ~ c i lv t lCc

0 . I

l ? ;l??:

d e c i 6 1 o n

o f

the

t l - l a l

~ u i l ~ , c . ,

111 n o t

J - C ~ { L I I I I ~ ~ : ,

t l ie

~ T ( I ! . L \ C ~ . L I , I ,

. 1

cXli 'ct to

l i l 'o~eccl c l t h e ?

Cl!

1 , .

I 1-

5 u b s t . i I I t l ~ ~

Of fcnsc5 ,

\ . . I >

c l 1 i ~ n c c l : S . 2 n d

t.1.1; ? l L , > l i >

! t = 8 ? ~ 1

v i t l n t c - r l

t l ~ c

c d - 1 ~ 1 ~ :

i o~ : .

.\S I I I T : : I c I S ~ ~ ~ ~ ~

111,11,

ol : : l \ ; . I ft.,:

tis

I ' : L i

~ n t i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . q c l c l

I uurlJ

, , l

' i o t l : c r ,

llr

~ ( i l , c ~ . 2 i c l

t;l,:1

t r ~ . ! ?

j~:Li:,-, , & l L ,

i i 7 > c i c : i . > ~ ;

! ?

l ( - ! !

;

h u t

!I(

:.i!>ctl L!;<

, - , I L ~

* l ] > ' -

T : ~ :

, I < ~ - ~ I L L ~ ;

1 ~ ~ 1 s

' d L t11.

I I I I L - V

L ou;;t:;

o i L I ~ C I I I I I : I .:

. I .

I ,

, , .

I , , :

t .

8 , -

;i,

, - .

1 '

l ' l

CC' :.,;

. I

, ' ,

. I L '

1 , L

, ,

> . ' l l L

1 1 :

j ~ l i

I L J

'L'

' ; : \ L

' 1hls

V A : ~ I J ~ I I L > J

! ]

: (>v.

0 1 1

I l l ' >

c I l , l l ~ : ? \

,1r

% l L t

. : 1 : p 1 , \ . l

l>r l l l r!-~

l t

\,!:L$

I l l : ,

:!?!-,L:

l '1 ; l l

' % ,

c . ~ i c

t h . ~ ?

Ilc ; I : I I ~ II::)IIL)

t o l

t i c f

I o ~ s t ~ l

1: c

I,.'

1 : i l : c

: t

1111 11?:

:!]CL

~ ~ 1 ' ~ ~ c ~ t

< >;:l7

i ( ~ 1 1 ,

.!I

1 1 ~ 1 ~ , . i , . l l i t ,

\ \ . I -

1 ) e l l i l

I;)

d ~ > > t

l L

- . I

11 r l ~ : t 1 . c ) L J l i -

s t ~ b l c .

2 1 ~ 1

5,:s

; ! r ~ [ - ~ c ~ i

i , 1 ~ 1 , ~ : ~ P L T

I < I , , ~ ~ . , L I ; , : ~

I, .;:;~-,

;:.,L,.

,-11!11i

( I T \ : ? >

t 1 1 ~ t

t l l :

T T I I ~ ; ~

3,.:lk;

:I:

+!]L,

,,;>;::?

~ . l : ~ i

t ) i i C

' L I - ~ ?

i - y 7 . . 1 ! L ~ < 1 7 , t '

L : ! : c f l j ' J )

< I ! I L ~

~ : . r l l L l t l ' ;

.!:'

. ' C t s - .

- .

* ' r -

'I;!'

i ' I ;

7 1 ' 1 5 * : . ! 1 1 ~ 1 1

< - ~ d :

,).

a , ; 1, 1

, I I

1 : .

suc t l

c l ~ c ; l " l s ; 3 n ~ c 5

~ ! i ~ !

i : ~ t ; ~

.,;:<!I .In L-:tcliti

c)11 . , : u t ~ l c l LIC.

18: t,nc'Ji , -~f

?hc

. r . c '

! L , ,

l . ,

l L

! I

. : 1 1 1 i l : : m .

. 4 ,

L I . , ? , T

L i l , : - i ( ~ , .

( a ) 1 ) ~

rn;, I ~ ~ . ~ J ~ L ? : I I

: l ,

o j ! I C L > ] ,

~ l i ~ c l

I l l

! 1 r l

v l i t l l c

0 f

I l l <

Ocf

l < ? 0 ; ~~~?) ]0 '<1 l~~ : ! ; i ,

CC:,

r l l i !l j

. I C . ~ S , T C L C I V L - . S C I T

o l ) t . r ~ ~ i ~ ,

0 1

; l : ; rec ,

o r

. i t t t - r : ? t b

L 0

i c i ? l b < . o ?

3 ; )

p r o ; ) e r t \

!~r ,nc l i t

o f

,111)

Col-

i l i m s ~ l

f t ) ~

, 1 1 1 ~ :!

i > L , r

~ L > ~ : . C , I . ,

,-1;1 ~I

- C S

1'1 I

o f

a n v t l i ~ n ! : ,111-cacly ,!b;~c 01'

o l ~ ~ ~ t t c t l

1-83

b c tlonl-., or t o 111. :1itc!t . .1~,1-,

~ I , I ; I I -

c ;

o m l t t c ~ !

t o i)c. do : lc , 1)) 11li.1 I:!

Li!c

<I]:.-

< I l l 1 - c k > <1f

I l l . ,

Lr tL

o r

n l l t y l l ~ 1 l t

( h )

c t l r ~ . ~ ; ) t l s

i:1lrc ,,

c ; l n f t . l \ ,

cl;.

; r i o c u ~ , : ~ ; ,

o4rr: . :> t o ,c:1\c ct \ , t+.cr ,

l c o r f u r ,

n t t c . .:l:

t o

al-c. t v ,

upon.

.ally

CUI IY o;;::e,,I

1 !I

cl I

L L (er, < I 1 ~ ;

propcrt: , ,

o r L ~ ~ n c l l t

o l

a;,\

; , ~ l , t l

0.1

ascol1111 @ C . I I I ~

C.LI:~I

* ! i t 0 1

O I I ~ I

2..1011

U I I

t h e pLil

, ,-i,:lI

P C :,l11 l cy

o r

:L;] ~ n c l l s t n i > i c

I ? [

i ; , ; l i i . .

o l

I I I ~ S L O I : L ~ U L

t , 1 . c .

clc r e 1 ~ c t ~ ~ r - 1

v f clu:) , ai:c-thcr by dc 1

cl. Cllltl;si ? ! I .

1 I t

t I 1 o

~.t-ol,e of'

:he

s c c t l i ~ l ~

X S C '

' I ~ I c - I

I 1 l I ~ i

c.1

L1 c >

( 2 ) )\?1y

I J " > O ~

, . l . ( . )

? . I . J ) , ~ \

(11

i L I I I ~ ~ ?

t o 1

~111).

(.C,I:,I;?L:~,,(~.I~

t 1 1 i ) i i l : ( Y

:>11:11

. .

l ) ?

!-.!111ty

0 1

~ 1 1 1 c j l IL>:,-.

l ' < ll.ll

t)'

J : l , l x J

: : i ~ l ' l l l l L - 1 l

,.m?

t l \ . l

~.Jr

> .

I , , ~ > .

I :

I I'

I l > ' .

( 1 1 > 5 ( ~ 1 . OLI, 0 7

>*11,.

l ~ ' , - - , , l 8;).

,.l.

. (,, \( , ! ,-

..!ldkl,

:)l

: l J

L,?

- . l , ~ ; . : , ,

>l , 1,:

L* ; :

,d>L L<:

i l l c .III:III.-.	0 1 I>II~.I~Ic,	. [ I F :I;L\
(:01111"9ll!~c .I 1 t11	. "

k; .,

.;l L>:

;;l:.

,,C.: ': I . > j

0,. l l ! , ! \ ,

1.3

! .~

l ,

*:~:LL'

: I :

\<.l5

:( . l .L,,;l( . t i .

J I : ~

the

c.!:l1.c8

r ? .;

]!l

e h ; ' :

I-O::I

>:.-,

tr~.!:-,-:.

Thc cli.1:1~.c., :,l-c

] l o t , I tl:11>1 , I ~ I ~ C - I

1.11.

t n t!11-.

~ ! 1 ; - ~ ? 1 .

l l ; (

?c ! ! l s ? , , j l , ?

: I ~ . . I ~ . S

c,.

1 :

1 , .

: i

L ,

l l l L . 1 : I I

l-i '

t l . c .

l <

l < \ . l l i l C,.111,311 1\11..

1 1 . h

: a l

, 2.1

1 9 j 4, l ) ) ,

t l ~ ~ ,

ljl-oi 1 ~ 1 0 1 1

o f

o ' f ~ 11,. :>

c r t , t C , ~ t : '.I:-

>;),?cidll;;

(17..

i ' c , , '

f o 1 1 1 .

c i I '

\ :o lds

a l 1 1 ~ I t

:Ire n5.t

col.>. I..:I-,.I

w l t l ; t!ic cuwr.orl

, . ..c c .?.:

' i

111

l!>:!>.

I1y

t11c

: l , l c>] ) l lt>Ii 1

i l l , , >,,,.lL!

" l

1 1 , , < ~ "

l ~ 1 I 1 l

( l

c : : I L ~ l ~ ) ,

L . ; , > I

1 i

;

1 I

; I , , i

' L

' . '

. .

\ . I \ .

I , , L . , ~ ~ I I . : : .

I n

,,I)

1 \ 1 1 .

L l

; .

1 1

1 c .

t o 1

t i t ; 1

il,

1 ,

* ,

, ,

+1"1

,,c;,-

I I ~ L I S L I)L\

t . lSeri

.IS

L ~ L > ~ I ? ; ~ ; l t c ~ l t i , ~ , l

L)-

I L .!-

! , : ~ , I T L ,

ccmb8: < ] L

wllich

t l ~ c

p c r \ o l l

r c c e i v L ] ) , :

Ill:,

1>.1:,1:1'

11 i h

<l1 I '.1dx,

I K LIL:L\.

:~o~, : l . i

d o .

(In

] lo t

f ~ n r l

i t

~ I ~ > < S J [ > ~ L '

t o > a \

t l : . ~ ; 1 1 1 ~ 1 ~

5 I ~ c T ~

::!l\

.~n :b l : :~ i~

t!.

~ ; a l ' i ~ c l c l l t

t v

i l

1 l )p i J , <!Llo:,

2 :

tl3c

;1:-1,11-~plc

t11.1r

p c n , ~ l p ~ o v ~ s l o r l

1.:,lL.t

' I C ~o::..tr !le,.!

S : ] 1.1

l i y ,

l l ld i 'cd,

14.c

col ls t lLict lo! l

- ] l ! L

. : " c t

:u1:

- t 1 L ,:t..:ll.

,in

n o t

d l~ :u l - I>c , l I n t h l t : Y L ~ I

h ,

it:< i : ) ~ :

I : , : I +

tli:

,IC>T:.?;.

l c s ~ ~ o i : 5 l ; > l c

i 01

tI1e

< L L ! ( ~

llCll<,:.

h a 5

i - c ; < l l r > c L : I ; ,L-

l3,3lt?\

' ' ~ t I : , L , , . l

c o r l u p t l o n "

c v c n

i n

t h e

l . ~ l c > t

I C J ~ ~ I I ~ ~ ~ I I ! !

i . 1

: Y L ~ !

L'<,

E l n J .III)

d l f i ~ c l l l

t v

I r :

~ i : l ~ l c ~ ~ ~ , t , ? l ; c ! ; ~ i ~ ,

ti::

i -

-. L.~ t l \ . i ,

;ill1 l r-..

i 11 . '

p u b 1 1 c

s c l v d n t r

qliq'll tl

t>.j,cyc:

I ? 1 c : I

I',)-#-

:':r.; 1. c~,l-:.i:ch

ci l.,:r

tl1311

t l l . l t

1 cl

l.!llLI'

1:lf.y

,LTC

1,:~:

'l l v

* - 1 , 1 L 1 lL>\'

111 1")'

n : iJn:o~i , t h + r ~ i n r ~ ,

!I?:Yc

I C 1'0

::r')~l?~ll

~ I > T

, l ;>-

setting

t h c c o n \ l c t l o n .

t l l?

5eccl:~l .ill:!

t i l i i c :

cc,u:lls

O I I C I I ? \ I ~ I I

I r ' c . ; n t

1>. .11tci

[ L ) - c

I ; I : ' I ~ ) L , :

1 1 1

c.11

: r ) ;~ ,> :

;

. I ;!

; . L :

~ . c ~ !

\<l1 lCt1 V , ' l >

c31 (! l - l l l

l y c ~ > p l , 1 1 : l r L 1 1 : )

j131> l > ?

: l l ~ * t 1I . l L

jll<I,,<

, !. <i

h:15

r o t h i r l g

T O

J P ;:.it11

t l ; ~ . :

. I ~ I > " . !

1 ,

\ . : I :

I ~ ~ : I - C = I

::a:;L

( ,

l>>,

: :,-

l l r o s c c l l t l o n

t 1 1 . l T

lh,.lc.

: . is

i l l l ' l , l? l ' iC

I S : . ~ . c c . ~ ; 1 1 c

o l , : ~ C t

\ ? c

l : ? ~

<-on??]

r ~ c y

,incl l l l c u b ~

c c t

G C t l , c . . l 3

i l . ; ? t ~ ~ d

l>r:

! , c l :-.

'1'11,.

l ( !,. . i ~ -

. .,

\,,as,

.is

t o t l i c c o n s p i r . 1 ~ ~

L U L ~ I ? ~

1 1 1

1 .

~ l n d

.I.;

t o t!lc, l:@

s t i ~ c ~

l ~ ~ ~ ; t t . ,

I !

..'

e x l ) ] L 1 2 ~ l c ~ ~

3 b 0 v c ,

0ldf?l

t 0

l ; l ( ! u i ~ '

!,!l,,

~:~:8i-5L~11.1.';

t o j . r c -

<'l! 1;l t!;

t h - i r

i nvcc . t l g , - . t l o r l%.

' I h c

~ y p r l

1 .;l! III,~L:#--

:~q I i?~..:!:

5 t

i t - , - . l X 1 ! ?

t h c t ~ i a l ,

111 i c h l ~ h

h c

;~,.l!nittc,i 1 1 1 ar

11c 'i.:<l

t i l l . ,

Lnl,-l;f :ui:

i'r

: v

~ l l , i < ! ~

tl1c

~ ~ 3 y ! l ~ c 1 l l s ,

.3t t h e !

111

1<;1,2:1 '-ll(:

i 2 .l >(:;.Ill

;

~ . ~ l J

l c,:'. : :

1 .

hc :<a..

i n COTIS~)~TLL)

i . l t l i

:S'.

t h e il i . . t

s o u r l t h a s t h a t t h e l ~ , ~ r ~ ~ : ~ d

t~ 1.,?

l:.JL.*: L ,T~ .<LI 11)

i k . L l q

11.

cour l t .

l'l?e

rco-.onll1K

\,a..

t l i : i t

i l l ( ,

J , L : I ~ I ( I ~ ' :

, I ! ~ ~ . ~ : < ~ ~ I

L I ?!,P

c o u n t v.35

t ( .~

~ ! l . . T l . l ~ ~ t

tllc

c o t ~ r h c o r

j ~ ! . - t

I C C I>P CL~.I.;

L!;::

t ,

-2 --.p-.

-. .

"To . ~ c t

c ~ i l . ~ - i ~ l > l I \ " ,

1 1 i.,7s %:LI<~,

C O I ; ' ( ?

I , - .

- .

- -.

. - -.

113551!11). 111~11'J1 'It<: c13

t ! l ~ 1

< ; l l ;

1 < > l .

111 ,

l ( ~ ' , I > f , l l : ~ , i l ? .

m ~ t t e t l

tl;;~t

L I I C ,

j i ~ r y ' b

Y L , I L ! I C ~ . I I I

! : I < >

1 I : ~ , ; I :

o i

1iic

jl:~i.,l-

Coullscl

f o r tl!?

.~p l le l

!:II!L

cv;ilc.ncl~:,l t h a t ,

t h e l :g11t G { -

rlie

j 1 1 J g c ' s c l i r r c t i o l i - ,

t l 115 ( . I U ~ L G . U I I J L I ] lot

s . ~ t l . ~ f ~ i ~ l

111, I

: I I C

j l l rv

had

cnmc

t o

t 1 1 , l t

conc l~ :> . io r l . ~ 1 1 . l t

;.c'l.c

L .

L..

r c : l !)o:.::l;l

1 : J i-:.

t j ~ ~ t

t h y

]LIT;;,

: l C L C i , t : i ~ ; ;

1:;~

d<LL~.,*.'el'

c t l l c l l l C . l

~ ~ I \ ~ ~ L L - ~ I ~ >

C ; l "

verc-.lo:l o f 111s o l 3 j e i t

111 ~) :1;~~11i~

t i l e

I I

I ? I I ~ , ; . ,

o~::i-.t

! l , i ~ < -

C I J > ~ I C ! C . ~

t l , ,

a p p c l 1~111

011 ihr- I I L 1I:cry c l ~ : ~ r ~ : ~ ~ ~

1.1

~ : L , - G ~ C ! ~ I ; I C C

tl:

::!C

COI:Z;;-Y

,c :

1 :

o f

7 7 \ ~ h l c l i

tl,? j u ~ l ~ g c

to!cl

ihcm \..l.- sul rchct , a n ~ l

i n i ! : - ( 1 t o

: : x L ) 1 ;

t h a t ,

or]

t i l a t

I . . I < ~ ~ S ,

t h e c:rnt.pli 'ic)

:!l1 > g ~ <

11, t i , c

I q!

c OL~I-.<- !<:IS

110t i ~ c ~ i l ~ ,

o u t .

. .

v011

l \ d l l l ~ : !l.*\-?

:l-

l>?

. , I t l 5 f ~ ~ 2 1 1

t i1 .1t Llicrc \:

I*;

.!lL

. .:l

.>c,; L 111 .::]c!

t l l . l t

t11r

#i:;r<,(>;

C a n :

l, ;:

1 0 0:>~.1

r:1< t

tll(:

c o c ~ r s c

o i JLIStl:c,

~ ~ o t

j u s t

t o

a s h

th(h

i o n ' ; l L ~ b l c ' 1c1 cio

t h c ~ r

.I I I : )

o r .!11).11111:::

o f

t ! l r l t

501.1,

b u t

t u

d c t

n o t

11; .1c~d1d.l ,1cc)

1. l t11 I l ~ t i

d u t y 1)).

.I:~i:ig

qrI!!et11i1>; -, i :IP:;,

acting

c t ? ~ r ~ ~ p t l , ,

i l- ,

!.:>lL 1 1 ~ ~ 1 1

tr,

t I l c >

] I T ? ; ? T I

0 :

l ' I t '~ .eC<l t i i l ; C T

~ - 1 l d r ~ ~ -

: , "

Tli ls

i s

o l ) \ r i u u s l v c o r r e c t .

I l s

t h e n

cul,l .1111(:,1

t i , c

n;,tl::.c

C-:

l ? .

"111~

> l 01

1 1

c o l l ~ l i ~

1.1t.y c.ild::;c

1s t l l ~

C n c t

>>i'

t ! ~ c , I , , I < t

, I : L I I ~

i,:,

S ' J

t h c

~ u i l . i r ~ l u l

. ! c ? ;

1 5 t.nI!

1 ' : I

1':

s u c h

all

~ ~ . r c c , l : ~ . t

, .. t l , I !

l!.L

;

,.>LI

~ ~ ~ 1 1 1 ~ 1

11y 111 , I

Y P I I ? : ~ K

c) !

. : 11$1 l ,

or1

t n c

c c r ~ i s i . l ~

..L;,

c l : a ~ ; ~ > . "

A t

i l l l s

p L i r t l c u l a r ~

t h c ja,l<c

d i d no1

,ltl~crl.i- Y()

t n c c - < - ( i

:l,

L I

o f a coll~:.~on

d c s igrl,

T l ~ c

jud:;c

c11i2l;.i,-., LV.J r i i . ~ t n.-onl-

( , L i h :

::1:1 ,:>

'l1

, . I I

- ,

o r .my

a c t . ;

c:,--IV 1

. - .

. . .

7 -

e v i d e ~ l c e ,

, i c ~ ~ n l s b ~ b l c

cn!y

on :;,c

,>L.n-

,';c,

.,!:Ic.c;~lrnt, ? s l ~ l :

J i > l c l : a r d c J

t h c

\ccol:J

.uicq

t l l l r .1

c l > , . - ~ i < ~ ~ ;

ilc.

tllc-n

. ; L ~ ~ , ;

I, . .

i f ,

.l1 t c . 1

~ : ) I -~ ! .~GLr l l l .~

[ . f , c

l\::r

o f

T I I C

C L ~ L ! L . ~ I L L '

on i l l f

LcnL

i l l l L 1 c ) - ,

) OLI ;,]!.c

t h r v ~ < ~ r ,

th.::

',]:L

s,ll:.

~-c.~:,cln,il)lc.

~ l ~ i e r z l i c ?

I . ?

c l i , i 3 . r ~

1 s t11.1t

t11c . r~

!:&I\

.I]:

A::?

~ c l l ' c n t

b c t r . ~ c n

t l lc

i! ,o

oi '

t1:c.l

; : > . i t

t b l s

nlonev

h a s

?.-

l ) , ,

]):I;

J . ? I -

i 3 d ]

11 1-

, , L 1

l I?:,

- 1 ,

1 . 1 ' '

J CC'

t c )

L ~ ~ t

Col l I l l , . ,

? \

I , , , !mm'\

G ) '

. ,

' . ! , , ' l

l I l ~ ' l 1 1:

\\ '(llJ!<,

' )l

\,)::l

~ 1 . 1 : ~

IL '

b l J . l<

111

~ c r ~ l

~ c t

~ o i

c d I l:,,, ~ r i

t i l t

LcjnL,l~l

I . ~ c \

L I I ~

I ::cb '

"On th.11 C Y L L ~ ~

l:;c,

i < l l l ~ l ~

n o t

.l1 1

t l ~ c

cvldcilc-c b11t

I ? 1:;

l i l t r1~13:l

p a r t

o i the,

c . ; ~ ~ i c ~ ~ i c . .

,:.;

L , I~L~, - I

\ t . l r l ~ ' i t , the,

C ~ c h n

.::;h.;

\ ( : I .

t o

53\',

f l i : ~ .

1 1 1 ~

? \ 1 ~ i c , ~ i c e

t ! ~ i > ~ e

t \ \ o

~ c \ i ~ l l ~ c r s

01- t l ; ~

; ; o l ! i ~ ~

I 'o rc? ,

t 1 1 , i t

1 ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 1

) - C ~ L l

; ) l

< l 3 l

t!l3t

:\,!g..tllc~r

l t

1 5

.Ill

l t l ? S < Ll~l . l l~lc!

I l l ! <.r<

l l ~ L > L!lLIL

t l lc dcc rlsccl

.111(l

( X ) 1 : ~ ~ l

111::

I I C I r

1:c'i~l.;

t(y:ctllcz'

,a1

, I r l

L , a i - l

L L > ~

t ~ I I I C \

2 n d

~ ! c c l J c 2

t h l t t !

t u

I l k ,

clrrcrL L1

7 0

L!)?

t \ . e m:3L~ll;l~

1 5 c r

t h e p o l i c e i o r c r Tor

tl;e

1.ulposc

n f

o l ' s t r u i tlr!;?

tl!i.

L ourbc.

L)-

l ] . < : ;

,*C 1 J

):c>ttlt)g 111c.d ~ C I

, ! ~ t

C O I - I I I ] , L ~ Y 2 1 ,

i ~ a r l r ~ g

t h e

CilJT;eb~ 1,1tl!c:1

11 i!t

o t l ~ c r h l s c

dc.~!

- A ,

l h

! Q

t l L

, ~ i \ . ! n l , i : : t

O i t l l c

2clLl5tcl. '

l i c

t l ~ r n

!>rc.ccctl?.i

t o

d e n ? a1 111

hot:?

I I : J

t b , r

r':.~:>cc~:??

L \ , (

.1,-11c. ,

j 01

thr,

, ~ C C U S E ~ ( ~

was

t l l : l t

tk.c:'~

;,,I<.

I I O

agrc,-.n;t:iii ,

n n i

rr,ll3

l ld t ,~ : ;':L.l,

t h ~ t

! ~ c

. ~ c ~ u s c . . l

h.1~1 cl

t b h t

(1,: .

n o t

:.qc::

7i.c

~ J e n t , ! ) L '

". . . 011 th:lt

3 L C O l l ! l t

J r

, ) 011

1'0111~1

n o t

l ' c5s . lb iy

i inLl th.~t

t ! l c rc

!.;.L\ .L

coll~l:loll .'

l !,

! > L l 7,, ,2<:: l , Ill'

L l l lL l

[ ' l )

t o ol;,.l

r u c t

t ! lu

t . 0 1 1 2 _cc

1 , , ; t l c c

~ 1 1 1 ~ 1

L 0 ufCC'1

$:tl'lf!

b.,

~ 1 1 1 , ;>( ' l

; ~ ~ ? l l v l ?

t o p C i

illcm

t o .?c1

c o r r l t r . t l )

11,

i e l d t l o l i t o J

~ l ~ n r g c

LIT c!l.:r;cs,

dnG

i !l l ?

,>I\ l l1 l

;

l :.

1 ! -.l

.,* , .>

i l l )

#cL:

, c

, ,

I I

, '.

r !

I ,

I:,cnLlr!i

I)CIOTC

1~3>:11:\; i h : . ~ ;l;:>

1 1 L.*

~klll

\*,-	6.. ;,l,;.

p u t

l t

r u ! o u

? i , l t ! ] ;c

I , L I ~ : I S ) . L

coili r a r y

t . 1

~ I I ! > I : I I

, I i~rlL;

!.,.

1 1 ;

> .

rthrl

t h L I ? F S -

L:'

: < c c ]

:-c(:

01:

T?:?5~'c:!tlol,

&:l ; c ,

1 , ,

,- L I

C C T I 3111 C \ . ~ L I ; ~ , .II.CI

) o I

. :m.L <,l , l~>. i

somc o i t l i c c v ~

c!cnc~, Cur 1 ]!v

! :-(>:.]I

\dlllI:ll

l . ?

11<1:

>1.:11:;

- t :c ,Li

;

!1(1 .,!l\ .l12

n o t

a c c e p t , yol:

c u u l L:

r o l l z .'r3

L ; IL .

C C I I C I ~ ~ - ~ I C I I ~

L 1 , j t

-.C

:.I))

I T < ! ~ I

,:,>I. 11;

, l L r

I t

, . S -

l,,<!:<

PI> cl),:

1,.

o f t l ! ~

,~~.c .usc\ l

'or

t l ~ i

; ' ~ > l r o s c o f

o f f c r : n g

~ I I ~ L .

c:.

~ ~ L ' ~ ' c I L T : F : 2

I'LI\--

. .

,l?llt

I d

l1,:Yc

l \ l v ~11 .1 : L L .

b" 1 L l ~ l ; < -

# > ,

in ~ o : ? c

o t h e l \..I\

t o linv-t.

?Ilci:~

1ml11 0i r r l v

\ t (

II;,:.~ 0:.

1.c '11lc.i-c:J

i i l -

c f 5 ~ 1 .

t 11 :,

. ; I I L I

t h : ~ :

+11,1t

i l - 8 ,

p u l p o \ c

l ! l n l

1:-c

: I C L I I ~ ; I

' : , , l ,

CL.

c l q e 11.c

d t h e ~

p u r y u s c

11 a t \<c

d i \ ~ u . , - . c c l ~111::

I : ~ J I I I I

nr;,

! . r ? -~ . r l> . .

i ; c t t 1111;

T L ~ T ~ ~ I ' :

111~vcs t j

; J L

I O , I \

( : \ C T , ~

111

o r J c r

t o

c l c , l r

1 1 1 1 ~ ~ .

i ; 1 1 7 1 ~ . ~ 1 ~ , ,

:.-

ycsu

: I l - C ~ E . ; > t ~ c l l ] ? ?

(-1-\71,1'

L : > - ,

! l,r

I I I , I I I

( h ) )

hdl!

d l ~ ' i < : , , , ! , p l . ~ ; ~ t , r h

:l1 :o:.c

t l > ~ , l

: l , ,

;. l ? ,

c, l

: l , < ,

! 1.0; !i

CLI.>(..

I l j l l l ! :

l,-> !l<l

, 1,.

1: .'.l,.;

i , l:>.:

O V P I

s c

t11 * t 1 ; ~

C ' C L I ~ ~ ~

] , : I :

i l r

11 .

Nnw

< I ~ I ;

I ~ o L I I ? ~ :

l c l J

~ O L I

] , . i t

, ? < l 1

> \ L > l : ; , d

]l(,:

<r , ] ] , . l , lL!?I~

, #?>:P!; L,.

.+Is f ~ r

3:;

t 1 1 ~ . l . i ' r

l<. c o : ~ < i ~ i - ~ i c < i

L!>?

i l n l i ~ ~ t . : r ~ t

1 l : l n <

I 5

n c ' L

l : ] c

! I ~ ~ + I I

0 7

CL('11

t l l C T ~ I I I I ~ , > ~ . C

1-31 \:l:

L - ;: tilt

i o ~ ~ l l l l o n

d i s l k ! n

# . x ~ * . t \ ,

J L

I.,

L l l , ~ -

. l1 )1 ,Ll?

1 ;

t l 1 c

0 i . l P l . l

u i

i ' . 8 l , ~ , , ; o i l < l - > L : . l : .

1 I'

L ~ r c

~ : i t : i s

Klc:i

IlcT.on l

I :.rc.on l i l<-

clr:u!>t

I n a t t h c ~

a.1.:

. * c ~ I ~ . , I - . I !

~ i ~ . + i ; l >

3 i l d

t l 1 ~

v L ~ j c ~ i

t,, ~ ) . i ) :L

$ l ~ l @ C

l!>

~ . ) ~ , 5 t l l l i I

t l l a ?

~ < > l l ! S e

j l l , - T l C P ,

t!ic

p01 l

ll~..ll

t i l : ! c 7

<Oi

r l ! ] ) l

1 \'

111

c 1 :

l I l l : , J

l ! C

S.]! I L . I I ( > L : t n h f i t l ~ (?:!

l l ~ % , f

t ! i , l i

,. I

. I

I! C...!'

C L I I':#II

nl;cl

t l x ~ . . : i i .uk:cl ; ,

Ii..,>l I ~ L > I I I

~ ~ ' ~ I I I L I ; ~ ~

1 0

C t ) : l

. ~ I T < I ~ : ;

! ?

b t l t i I . 1

1 I O t

. . T o ] :

1 L

! - l . c , l

I IL 111;:

!.L>]

, i ~ l l . ~ C \

: ) c . \ l l ! > L ,

c ~ ! : ! :

o r

LI :LI , ,

, l l < !

L , ,

; l - . l < > : l t

l l ? & , - , - , l l

I ~ J T

r : . 1 I : L l n : ;

~ 1 0 it.

1:!lt

\ & l > ,

~ I ~ L ' .

s : i i d

t b , ~ t , ;

: > i . c c : ~ a l \ .

u c ! o : c

1 1 - 1 1 1

31'1

L l l l I l l ? 0

7 1 1 1 ! y 1

\.u,1

\ : ~ t ~ ~ > f l c , d

LL\;, ~ : , m . l ;

I , ! )11, ~ I c ~ l l l ~ t

7:1, . t

711. re

-.;C:!;

cc I I I I I ~ , ! I 11:

-.i;n

. ; ~ l c i i

L:.,

;

L I I : ~ L . . ~ L c < !

t o

\ 'G:I ."

( c m , r r .-1117, l]: :..-

TSf

1 '

:..,."

. '

a n d

[ h , , :

the

: , : . i . - ~ ~ l / ' l

I I ~ . ~ !

. ' . ~ i . ~ i c ~ i ~ .

1 :

.:.:c;1?5

:.lr

c c l - . ~ . ; r .

;

thc

C L ) T L I : ? ~

c a n n o t

a!:rcc

t l l . l t

t h e

L?.!

~ n r t ?

j11.I::i.'

I I : : ~ I I I I I ~ ,

I ~

I .<:?,

li;L.cI\- t 3

m l % l c . ~ t !

t h r

J L I ~ ; . 111 t h r

l:l , ll~rlrr

::h:tl;

111)

1 ~ 1 ~ l t I l c 1

l-rc:-,:,l ti,jl;?;s

j 1 @ 5 < l l l l C .

l t 0 1 ~ 1 ~ 1

%lgI('C '$'l

1 1

!llltl hLl~1

~ ! I c

~ l ' L ~ l ~ ~ l ( , t l

J L I L ~ ~ : ?

C 0 1 1 ~ 1 1 : : ~ ~ ~

h i r i ~ s e l f

t o s,lylny,

t h c rrortl..

whicll

FI 1 1 t k 1 J . t!uo:c+

I \ L I ~ 11, III \ ,

01) 1111 on

t l ~ e

v c r ?

i I

(w11icl1 l

II:LV:\

({llotcil) 31.e

5 ~ 1 f

I e l l t

t o P I ( ' \ c I ' ~ t11'

1111

\ L - C ~ I I L L ~ ; :

IC I :

\ . ] I lcli

1 7 ~ ' ~ ~ i l . ~

s u g g c s t t i .	I n	o : !~c~ ~ r ro rd \ , l i i	11) .	rc.: l.c.ctJl.11	( * ~ I . I : D I ~ , t i , ( -	pals:'i.:~:
bc.gi nllln::

l t r t

\ , O L I I ~ I l T L l :

:,tcl13 2 1

r r c ' ; ;

3 .

coll.;I,l

l :Icy

> C C < I ~ ! S L ( . < l l ~ I l 0 1

l !

Cl11

i l , c l

i l l f i c . r e ~ ~ t

r c n s o n

f o r irrr~lit

1 ~ 1 2

t o

do 1 1 "

q u i f ~ i i r n t l ! c l e ' l r

c x p l . i ~ ? n t i u n o f

t !> r c1lfTercnLc

bct~. : -c : ] ? I ~ L

n lot l \ ,e

o f

t l ~ c

c o n s j 7 l r n t p r

.~nd t h r

nbr.:ct

o r

1 h c

cC'Ilj;>LT.li\ .

' , # ? l

t l 1 : l l l : l l

1 l l \ c c

1 1 : 0 1 1

]

.lL,

n o t

r c c l nil).

> c ~ l o u s

d o u b t

t h a t

t l i c

J I I I )

llIIl!C!l

t , tood

t h l r ,

pnss.l?c.

c o r r e c l l ) ' .

nccd

n o t

r r i c l

t o : J J ~ . - 1-1::

~ ~ . I . ; : . . I I ~ : ~ s

i ~ i l n

tl:?

. ,~ : I~ I I I

11:: -

t ~ p ,

c s : c ] ~ t t o clufitc onc

p,i.;s.lgc

. . ~ n

t111\

s aL ,c t h c Crc)h.n r c l l t - .

o : ~

1 l

! l 1

' , a .

1 ! , . ,

. , m - ,

, l .,

> < l

l LI ;; <:

. l

l - !

'?';

r c n s o n : i I ~ l e dcrabt

t!i:lt

i\ilrll

;Ill:

:~cc l~ . , c t l

nn.1

(t.1)

I I I ~ L ~ L .

t l ~ c

:]cl i*h, : :c~: t ,

11c i , ; t ~ ~ r ~ d e ~ l

t o c a r r y O I I ~

tl:c

1111L,11\~!111

:ICI

0 1 b1 I C I

In):

nonc)

t o c c l r ? a p t

t h c

:)$l1

I L L \ . "

I t 1'111 hc sccr l froll! 111~: ;~.l:-sn!:v:.

1luo:i.J

t h a t tl,; l t?srric~cl

I r J ;l1 ~ I I c I ; , ~

rn,lcIr

. ~ l ) u r ~ ~ l . l ~ l l

\ c

c a r

t o t h c J d r y 1 . h ~ r?atti.r::

21-ga t

:.l:] . - I ,

t l ~ c y

112.1

t o l:c

> . l t l , , f l ~ ~ l ,

: I I I C ~ t i l r '

~ ' c c , L I ~ T c , ~ ~

~c:.!.L\L~

01' C L ~ ~ S . T C ~ ; ~ ~ I I ,

o r d e r

t o

co r lv j c t

t h c

. ~ p p c l l n n t or1

t l ~ z

c!lLly!:? c i c o n s p l l a c y .

,)In

c l e , l ~ l y

o r o]?ll?1on tl1.11 1l?o.:c

pal!:

o f

tilt.

h ~ c r ~ n l n z - L I ~ !

:.!llcl:

? . i L j l : <

l ' -

l y a p p l l e d

t;,

t h e consp11-:icy c l ~ . ~ r s e ,

to::~tl-c.: ;,1tl1 the.;.? ;,:crtc : . h l c

kerc ~ ~ c I ~ L ' I ' ~ I ~

ilild

,xppl lcd

t o 311 t i l e

ih , l l ! ; ? 5 ,

b.crc

.in

.1l\i11

5rl:'l

1 (:iL

s e t

o f

J l r r c t l o n r ,

t o t i le -:ay?

t l l ' i t

c!i.:~.:,

, n d

t l ~ n t

l i t t ;cy :,tcl~>cc

JICII?? thc.1,.

vo:!ld

I,c

rlo

gr-uul.d

,'OI

5c t t l l - t ;

, : f ~ ' i c Lhr

: I L ' .

c 9 7 - r ~ $

];.\II.I

I:I;.

L ? ~ ?

I r : l t? r :

~ : ) r , ~ , t

L ' ] L

I r<\t:: :(:,-l

1 @

i-h :

;

A 1

I . . ,>- L ,

r c 1 : i t l o n

t o t h e ,<ttcrlptc. ; l b ~ i l ) e ~ )

c l ~ ~ ~ g c b .

c;ar:::1~11,

! l o . ,~

. el.,

1~-

. ! L,:!-?I.

! l > #

Z L I ~ , ~ ~ I I I . I I ;

I p

; c - .

j n u l t y 111 v.11.1t

i t dlcl

n o t

- c..ly, 11.!:nel) t h , ~ t

t h c

c v ~ ~ l c n c e

JI,! :.,I?

I I C T I I I I ~ -

b a t h

t k , c

l n f c ~ r l ~ c c

t h ~ t

h e

,ic( ll.:c.J

col l>?l i 'cd

t o

cv i ; : ' ~ , :

+ ' m -

p i 1 1 1 ~ c

[ l n tilt

'.crlsc

111 \ . l i~:h

1 11nlc uhe.l

t i i c \ .nrLl " i o ~ l u ; , :

! ---

,111 l

tlic

i l l l ' c r ~ n c c ,

t! lat

11c p.11d

t l l ~ l l l

r1011c)

1 0

C I ~ C O L I I . . - L ~ C

t l ~c l , ?

:I)

#lc' ; ! ' L ' ~ ~

21rt) , :inJ

t h u s t h a t coiii7l

c t l o l l s

l l l c

: l t t t . l . ~p t c~ l

b ~ - J

l~er) . c:i:!l

: c _ ; ,

l f t l ~ c y

\ . ? r e or1

t h e

l a t t c r f o ~ t l n p , ,

ncci-.;h.:1.1:)

e111 .d l l e~ l

?.c,.!::! < t:ll

011

the

c h ~ l ! : ? u f

Cullspl I A C V .

Iinvc

n o t

h,ld

t l lc

ndv:lnt.~p.c o f

l e n d i n g

t I . i n sc l i l ' t

o f

t h c

adc!rcssec

o f

c o ~ ~ n s c l ,

L~u t I

ha\-(,

rc3tl

t h e

t ~ n r l . ; s r l p t or

t h y

c - s r ~ , p t ~ o r ~ s

t . .k t r l

t h e tr131

t o ?l:c

~ L I I I I I I ~ ~ ~ : : - L ! ~ ,

:incl

1 c v t c tll:!t

J c : ~ l l ~ c t ~

f o r

t h e

: ~ r c u s c d

(113 r ~ o t ac,h t

jud,;:

t o <: \ -c

t i l c

j u r ~

t l lc

< ~ I T I \ C ~ L O . !

wlilcli,

! t 1 s no\.' 5 . i 1 ~ 1 , 11~. kl luu?J li.,:c

y i : c ~ :

IZ;:

I I(>?L!, , I ; !-

1 1 t i -

I I

I : : l 1 1

: I~ :L i l ~ c

* .yi -or 31

~ ' . I I ! J ~ ;

r o

:S.,:

t1,e L.I.'.I:

: t rhn l t . ,

l t P L I . , ~

l : ;~? .?

I ~ : ~ ~ ) ~ ; ~ i - c ~ I

t o t h e

C ' C I L ! I ~ L ~ ~ ' ~ l

- i L I r )

d t

l ! .

E l l t

"'.

lo~~b: . s

l ? ' ; , l l l l

'?l,,?

s~:l~l,-l

1 ' i ? l t

L T ,

1,:

i ~ ~ i b i , # , r n

7 1 ~ t c r ~ ( > ~ > t

:.>l?d t - l : s ~ ~ - l >

t ; ~

: l

I l l < ; > ~ ~ r p c s ~ .

i n I I , : ~ ~

1 1 1 ; .

:!I#-

p.lyrl,cnt.'. t c ?h:.

c o n s t n b l ~ ,

\\ .IS

t o

: I IC ' , IL . :~

t h c l .

t o

inl:c$.tl!:

11:~ : I

I iIlm21 .

I ! c

' I ; , I I ~ ~ ' ~ I ~ :

1 >

L i , : 1 1 -1.1

t o i h c l .a1171~!1y,

i l l thc L1irscnzc P,'

t k c ji!r)

t f 1 ~ 1 ; t ' i i ~ .

; . L I ~ ! > ~ ' : C < ' , [ l

- -

11ot I , , ~ I ~ <

' L I ~ L

I).!,.

I > L ;li-:,

. I , I ~ L ' ,

c:;?

" i . \ i ,

.>.

, I ~ ; ( J l ]<

I:.,?.lv

<>I ,<!

r cp t ! . l t~ ( ! ly s o

d l r c ~ t c J

t i l ( . ~ 1 1 1 ) ' .

T1115 ( C 1 ~ 1 1 . 1 i S ~

t o

Sil) '

t l , n :

t h c ~ L I I ~

c o u l d

n o t

p o s q ~ i , l y 11'1vc

a c r c 9 ~ c J

L l~c

, ~ ; l ? c l l , : ~ ~ t

' .s

~.s j~! . .n

d t i U 1 1 ,

011 1-11c g;,,IA1;d

l]>..? I')?

,.2-,.!

7 1 :>, l

i.1

LcllL.;li7

c i l , l - ,~ - !.,'l!,'

c ~ p l a n . i t

ion.

'l!,.

L.>,

t l l ( ~

pok .s i l ) i l It).

L!.:'*

L);,

JLI:.)

, l),,

L : ~ . I L I ~ ~ <

1 t c i : ~ ~ ,

C \ I ~ : I Li?rr,i l I J P

~ ~ y ~ 5 : ~ i r t ~ i . \

<liC!ri

L ! ~ i G

L ] , -

111 t

collll)nrt';lt.nt':.

' T ~ J C V

1 . ; : ~

I I J V L .

c . \ ~ ~ l l o o ! , ~ ~ d

ilia:

t l l z r c ,~.ls

L I I I

J < ~ S L I C

o!' i ',.ci, coF~-.>;n

t o a l l

(:ll:!l!:cc~,

i . l : ~ c h , 11 i t \vcrc

tlctc i :1111ud

nnc i .ly, rcoultl :

I I ~ , I I

I!:

l I ~ U ?

I c ' . ~

, h c # +

tl:;\ i ~ c ~ ; s ~ l ~ l i ~ t ; ~ .

1 l < ~ ~ l ~ ~ , l l ~ l P .

t!l,in

i nc rc ly

f c ~ n c l f l ~ l

. ljcC3L\;

L>r !lksit ; ) P ~ , ~ , L ~ ~ I

l l t y ,

l : L 1 l l l ~ !

t u r n t o t h e a u v h t l o n o f

sen:encc.;.

J n

t l i c

c o u r q e

01 !l~,ir ln!:

l h t

. ; , : l>~ . i , , : . . r~ : i~

01 iol~fi;::

- L r

t h c ~l(!fcllc(>

t!l:-

quest ]or .

c ? €

sc .n tc . .~ t -

L,,

iior!u:~~-

I:'.I

i t ?

i 11:.

I 1

I v e r d i c t 011 t ! l c

I i ' ~ ~ \ t

t l ~ i

i ~ l ; ' ,

' 5

L~. , ! I I :L

-~ -c I , : ,>

IIIL>

t l . : ~ L i

. ; l loulJ

L I I I -,:

'I)

1 1

t l l n t

a 5

i'ir

. I S

pc l l , l l ty

1 3

L P I I C C . T I ' C ~ .a.:,:

t h a t not11 rrly

:h.~t caul d

I l .~, , :~.~n

3111 ~ I ; P

5 e c c ~ l l ~ i

. / l , !

t!ll

~ ; , ~ l ~ : , t - , ~

, t . ! L l ,!\l

i t

111

:cnv

way .

Thcrc

~ \ ~ o u l c i

!1io;7.lbL)

~ : I V C t o I;.>

P C I I T . ~ ~

L?:;

011 + ] I ? , 8 : ~ c ~ ~ . i

. I ~ I L I

tI111~1

nclrgtx\ t ) ~ t

IVJ:IIL;

: , c : , I L B I ! ~ I ~ ~ ~ .

~n \SIC:< o f t112 11!1.y'., i ~ l ~ l l i i ,

t h a t

ofic

r\oulO l,(.

c.-unsl 3 i 1 1.)::

trlc

f~r-,:

( . l l ,~ r~ . , c

a1111o;~t

i n

i s o l a t l o l !

I)c.cLlu..c 1;

l X u s t

L l l c c > r ~ ; < ~ l . \

t l , e

?tl7<>1. tT.

> . I,

~ c r 1 t c n c . c ~

lic

salcl

I t l s

5Ct t l c:! 1 . I \ ,

t11.1:

111 i l % l > 111::

r;t-:?t<.llcc P, l :l

t h e

I I I C S ~

lv:11~,1lt V i C V

~ i i

t l i?

l . c ! c t ~ 1il i l~:1 V O L I I L !

. : L I ~ > ~ L ) T ~

t11c \ P ;

I C ~ :

e ' l

I . I l r ~

I l

J I I t l 115

,I ,c

t h e ~ L J : ' ~ I I C J ~ ~

J : I ~ ~ . c

- -

- - - -

- -

1nt15L l i L ~ ~ c

t ~ t l ~ c ~ !

t l ) ~ ,

v l t ~ b . , ] I - ,

:I<I~;:,::;);

, (>71tc~- .cc

f-~,r

t11r C~.[:,;IC-:>S (.f

a t t c ? ~ [ > t

c J

I > r i l > c ~

!.,

t i ~ . i t Ihc.

.1;81,,:1

1 . i n t

1 1 . 1 ~ 1 t I ~ c , c l l o

dc.!'!cct

:Ilc

])D! I L ' ( ' I I C I I

11.o111

t 1 1 ~ 1 1

~11:t)

1 1 1 ::

1 :1:1,1rl :

1:11

1 k . 1 1

I I : I > ~ P

({:,L;?

~d 'L1,~-a.:lr

t c c.\plcL;-.

i l l s

I C . . . I : . ~ , ~ f o r

: I : I ~ I I : : ,

?l!<, s ~ ~ r ~ l c n c ~ s

f o r t i ~ ~ , c c s

of:'er~-r,;

: ! l

n o L I I I

1 J

t l ~ c

se11le:lc: Cc: t11c

C I ~ L C I I L : ~ ' 01.

L ~ ) I : s J ~ L ~ . I c \ .

l11

~-rp~IiJ:.miI 71 c' t ; ( ~ ~ l ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ >

SOT L : L I C ~ , I ;

I.c,!

l ) i11>~1! '

Il:i7;i-

~ i o t

!TL,,~II

qllc,~

It.)

l>':qe?

0..

~ : I Y C I

c f

121 ~ a c : p l : - ,

r,T	l ' : . l l J	!.,:,i	l ? d: .>;,Tci>ilT7	L C ' ; ~ ~ : ~ L	, . I I ~ L ~	1	V : C . , ~ I ~ L !	tip112	l < ]	i-~i~::,~.
8 r.
l

I c e r t l f y that

t L l s &rid t h a

preccf i l t ig

p ~ t - U S 21.e

+-..

. -

.,'.I C'!

t h e

Rensony f o r Judf;inclit i l e r e l n o f ?:l5

Ii9llour

, ,

Dated:

---

GEIJETb';,

D IVI

STO:J

*AIL^* :	THE PI.-T.-Tii
---

H e ~ , p o ~

, ; i f ~ : ~

IRC?EiI J :

The appellant Ivan !:.?;.-s;~d ;..1111:-;1.,

pj?cr.lr. ?p?.nz-;

h i s c o n v i c t i o n s

and

a l s o e g a i n s t

t h e

s e v c r l b j o f

t k e

s en t ences

imposed.

l i l l l l o m s .was

.Co~md p . 1 l

t y 737

3111'57

i n t h e Supr*c,?e Court

o f

t l ic

Austr7allar, C r - ~ l t z l

Tc:-r:i;?: y

t h r e e c h x - g e s , two

o f

a t ternpt lag

t o b r i b e ::lid

one of conspir-acy.

On t h e ccr~sp].;

a cy

charge

' i l l l l iz , :s

was

sen tenced t o two

y e a r s linpr-lsor:rl,ent w l t h hard la?~-,c.ur

and a non-parole period o f or.? yc-r al:d

on CZC!.I )31'~>e!>y

chnrgt. i o six rnorlths inlprlsJr.lccriL WJ

t h ?lard 121-ou?, ;+?.l

- -

,L.

L . ;

LL ,

; ILI:~;cI

L :

G r i f f ~ . t h s , o mcn:bcr

t t ic 1~olrc.cr f o r c e c.f

t h e /,ust:.al

-211

Cag,ii:,l

' i 'cr3rl tory, 5y ol'i'drir.:;

h1111 a

suln o f ~or~c-qr

.\:rlt11

t h c i n t en t1 .m

t h a t it was

t o ljc

r e c e l v c d by

Coristc:i,le

G r i f f i t h s ac a

f e c o r rcward

to havc c ~ r t a l n

c!ini-[,?S

'. .

arising undcr t h e law o f t21c Conlmo~~v:cal.tl~

and

01 t h e

Aus t r a l i s n C z p l t a l T e r r i Lory	t11t:rl	~ c I ~ ( ~ ~ I I c ;	ilgazns t	T i l m
Cernlinatcd favourab1.y f o r hiin.

The second cha~-jie o f a ttc:nljting t o brill ,

?::as

i n p r ' ec i se ly

t h e sarlle

t e r n s and

a l l e g c d ail

.ztti-n~p

L t o

b r i b e Constab1.e

Frucc h t h o n y Hor.;a:-d

2153 a

T ~ C I I I ~ ~ P ~ '

t h c p 3 l i . c ~

f o r c e o f t h e P.u:;traliaa

Ca:l?r&I Ter-?-l to~.y.

The oLlier cnarge , one o f conzpl racy wltl? a pcrsor?,

whom

I w i l l call"X1:wa:; t i i a t t h e nccu::c-d

"Did con:p?r7e

togct11c:-

w i t h

LX]

t o o b s t r u c t t h e

cou r sc of

J I I S ! - ~ c c ,

t hn ;

The	lndic t lnent containing t h e t l r c e c12nrgcs was n o ? the

~nattfil-s

o f v:hTcll

h c !:ES

C C ~ ~ T ~ I C T ! : ~

t , ~ t

(jo

n o t

c o ~ r , l i ; c r

it nt?cc::sary

to t r a c e t h e h i s t o r y Fr ior ' t o the

eccus~c!

bell12 it

i n charge of

t h e j u ry or.

thc r e l e v a ~ l t

1n::lc trerl-t.

c h a r ~ r : ~

b r l b c r y a r e concerncc3

~ n ~ r o l v c s

t h e con::-ii-uct.~on

::.'73

t h e Critpcs Act 1914.

A t t h e r e l e v a n t dc:te

t h a t s ec t io r . r e a d

as f o l l o ~ s

( I

.) Any Ca:::~on::.~~lth

c:T~i:~-.i- ~ h o

obtnlil:.

ar c 1-:.

1, I - - - c

. L . '-

L i) rlL ':=:ln i.11~

b r l l j e

s:lalL

ljr :

[ : , :? i~y of

:.I:

o f f e c c c .

Pena l ty :

Im2r1 cor!~ient f o r t

y e a r s .

(2 . )

Any

~ C ~ . . F . O I I

~11:1 b.r111~:: o_r a t t c r p t s

tq :

, - 8 ,

. - I

; l I ,

8 i?(-'?

. , - l !

l'er~a L L

:~:;II.-' zr-.!1l.l~ t

i'o?' ~-~.:i)

yc2r:, .

(3. )

In this s c C clon -

1 bribe'

irlcl.utlcr,

t h e &1"112g,

con r c r r i ng

o r p r o c u r i n g S C

::ny

p] a rcr <;y 01,

1 , e n c f l t

o f any 1:lrid

171 raer,pec

t of any e c : don?

o r t o l-!e done,

o r j ny

i 'orbezra~:ce

obs~r -ved

o,r t o be obsccr'ved,

o r any

f avour o r 2i :;I^avour

s h o ; ~ ~

o r t o t ic

sho~.m, i n r e l a t ~ . o n

t o :I

mattel . d ~ ' ~ . ; ~ n g

undo- R law 01 L-lic Col:~r;j~~i.:ealtli

u r oi

T e r r ~ l - o r y

01- ol-l~er?..lsc

i:1

rc\l .arlor,

t o t h e a f f a l r c o r bus lnc-s

o f

:he

Comnorl~;~cal

l 1 01'

o f

TL: IT? .~D~ '~ ;

Coi:.~~~on~::~aIil~

of:l~:er

includes a

per:;on

v:ho

cc~!'or~?..; s p r v l c e s f o r o r

on behalf of t h e Commo~n:r,il Ui, ii

Terr l to r -y o r F.

~ r , ~ b l

L C a ~ i

~ ; I C I - I

t y ' i l l d~ r ,

t h e Cor:.mor~vica!. th.

The

s e c t i o n v~:%s i n a

dlEfcre11

t iorm 1:he:l

tLi. I?' l / l ;.(:L

::as

enac ted .

I t was amcr~der! In 1926

sub-sc?ctio:l(::)

;

-4s

f u r t h e r a-nended i n 1359.

I do nob con:;ide?- 'ihc !-.~.;tor;r

t h e s e c t i o n t o bc

r e l e v a n t

1)ut T

n o t c

t l l r i t

i n t l ie

o r i g ~ n a l

f o r a

-t!~c word

l l co r~ r ly t - l y"

was us:d \:.:]c-re

ti13 t

does n o t apljear

i n t h e p ~ e s c r i t

~ c c t i o n . A s t o v:hel-hcr

t h e word

f l c o r ~ - u p t l y l l

ntlr-.q.-, n o t

lldl$:lontr,-clylf

Init orlly

Ifpurposely do ing an a c t ::.h~.ch t!lc

12s: fo~'T,1?.:<I~

s c e

Ar1-13hold	l lCriminal P l e e d ~ ~ l g	E1rl d e ~ ? r	2r.d	F~-ac t i c r . " 79 kh
7

Edn.

a t p a r a .

-5995, -

v .

3111th -

(I~~c,I

- 2 3.2. 423 and

-\c,(-,

v. ;;r,;,n:c>~-

S. L..

S. 7..

L< 1

, .

-p

one aps;.~ucjic-s ; . ' i 3 ( 3 )

2:-

a 111ciLber o f

objec. t

~ ; i

th whlch money

is han:!.ccl

over.

i s i r r e l e l r a r , t .

The

s e c t i o n u s e s

t h e word

f l i nc ludes l l an11 d o e s r ~ t

contain

any

c l i l a l i f i c a t ~ o n

scch as

" u i l c s s xhe

co:~tr,ery i n b a l t i c n

. .

. of any pr-operty

. . . i n r e s p e c t of any clc t done o r

t o be

done

. . . i n r e l a t l o n t o n

m a t t e r

a r i s i n g undcr

sub jec t case t h c L!plldlant l s versiol.,

even i f

evpc!,

was

thaL he gave monc2:r

t o a po l l ce o f f i c e r f o r 1!le

purpose of h a v i n ~

i n v e s t ~ g , ~ t i . o i ~ s

mzclc,

n o t i n ally

improper rranner,

a s a r e s u l t of whicl~ hr: hopcd

t h ? t a

cI!arge wh~ch

had been l a l d :lL:ajnst him i n rel::Lii)~i to

taking and using a motor vehic le and n charz::

of rape ,

which

Lhc po l i ce were giving conslc lera t~on

t o

laying,

~7oul

d be d~slnissec:

a ~ l d

1;ot lnicl ~-c-.c,pcc

t , .~e ly ,

but i n a tray which would involve Lhe I:@]

l c c ,

a::art

from any ques clon of

c c c c r;. t 1 n g

t9e n70nt=--y,

1.2

impropcr o r inmorzl a c t .

?'here i s i,o d o L ~ b t

i l l i t

3.e

charge ol' t ak ing and using a iil3Lor veh l c .1~

:.:as a ~,izti;.r

a r i s i n g ur.der

a lat:

t h e Co~;~rno:x!calt.h

o r of

t h e ?:~s<-rr:li

Capital Tc-rrltory and t h a t 1nol;cy

ic c;ii:??r:ic~c? l n -ckc- :

c~.ci

"propertyl1 ~ ~ n d

tha-c Lhe monry 1:az ha.lnde~1

ovcr in r*espb. ct

of an a c t t o be done 111 r c l a t ~ c n

CO the cllargc- c r ~ d

thac

the

t ~ ; o c ~ l 1 s t a 3 l c s

i:.erc

Csi ; l ; ;or~- ,c . t

o ry icers .

Tli?r(:To~*~~,

prima

f a c l c ,

the apy? l l an t l s

co:~dvct, c1,r.n on

hi;

olsl

case, f e l l ;;lthln

e .73 .

I consider t h a t t h e appl-oprlate

co~;si;ruc-L;zn of

a pi.nnl

S C C L J O I I

i s a s I set out i r i

T~;c>:'.:Jsc,~ v.

iks tel. ccucll T.

';. ?,;-l-..rlcc Ptv. 1,ti. (l?yr;)

29 F.L.R.

270 a t p.2b0.

I will not rS~?peet

a l l l

t h e r e

s a id but I quotc only f ron Ecc!-::~.th	V.	-	R. (1976) 135 C.I..5.
569 a t p.5'7G whcre Gibbs J. sa1d :

"The

r u l e fni7!-,c:rl

ac c ~ p t e d ,

t!mt

s t a l.u l;?,.

c l t ca tlr;,

c>ff

c,!-?:;

2,<+ 1.0

be strlc-cl,jr conz~r-uc,a, :]::S 1351,

muc.il of i t s lnpo:--t,:l~~r:

lzz&c-I'n

tunes.

In detc-r,r;.~nlr!,r:

the

r.lennlr:z

of a penal s

l-~-cul;e thc

oraJri-ry

r111.cs of c?nr:tr-.:cti.on iiar:; 1,c

l >

I --

-, ;

r I,.

1 - , . L ! .r

fivu1,i

l i . , ~

~:IITNIJJ

,-U2 ! >?

( I C I L ~ ~ L

118.1)

1, 2 I .

, .'A

r . ,d 2 .;

:L ,JLL? CJ? L;l,-

suh jcc t

b y I-cfi~slrig

1.0 esI.c:lld (he

catc-(;oI-y o i

crlm:~131 offences:

s e e I:.

v. -A.dn:.l . (1535) !,3 C.L.!?.

-. -.

563, :it. pp.

' I . , /-:;.->G;

C:-,:

G?:

O ~ , I

St?.f,?t L?,,!,	t'l ed.--(-3TrnYp.
--

- T I C

K'LI Le

i S > C l i?-&l)s

c>:'.C

of	l a s t 1 ~ e u 6 F t : ~

c o n s i d c r

t l let

t h e relevant

worcls

i n c . ' i > ( ? )

a r e c l e a r and I s e e no r ea son t o r e z t r ~ ~ t

t.i!.?.-t; I c~i?:::.cic~

is t l l e l r me?ning.

They appear t o n:e

t o be d e s i ~ ~ - , t d

t o

p reven t

s i t ~ l a l ; ~

011s

a r i s i n ! ~ vhc-1-e

du ty icny

p o ~ s i b !

coi:fl .~ct

w i t h

~ r t t c r e z t .

It w p s 31s

s t r e s s e d on bc!ialT

o f

t h e z p p c l l a n t

tha-L nlc.ls

rnn i n t h e a'pe!.lnnt.

liad

l o be

c~ i?h ; l s : i i -~ i . I n

op~: i ion tF12

z p p e l l a n t liad

t h e i r i t cc t lo r l

(>l paylY.2

-iI ic:

money :ll~ol:red :ind n0ilii:lg rl:1,?3r'r. L 0 suppol-'i cny ar.L;;n?Er;_

baS:~-l O!L ti:c ?ll(:&cd a'::,cric.c

r'r' :-.ci~.: ?-,a.

l vs111 L d

l n s o J - L ~

IS I I,

r e l z t r ? CO

khl? cli.c*i-ge~ o i atte!r:>t

c 3 b?-.ltle :?I?

1 a i ~ c ;

cons i t i r r t h e r e i s no reayon t o a l t e r the sc1:tences

i~~ll-tosed

i n r t . ; l i~

:L c:

tho:,c I pnss nol:~ t o cors3-46r L:IL:

c ; l a r ,~s .

q c c ~ ' , ~ c ~ ~ ~

of t!i2

consp i r zcy chn:-ge.

I t pay be t h n t , since o conspzracy

chary,? can

founded on a n acl ccrnr:r?x

t o ? c r f o r ~ n sfi

~11l:~~;ful

a ; t ,

c h z r ~ c

of conr.I;J,-.:.r-;- c:ll-. l:?

' p s e d on zl;y

a tteml)t t o give moncy t o a Corllor~v:eel

tii o f I ~ c e r

i n

respc,::t

0:'

a c t t o be done i n r c l a ' i r on t o a m a t t e r

arisli-::: undcr a law o f t i le Cor.~,

~ r f i r c 2 l t h .

Ho!,cver,

t h e

c h z ? ~ e

!sic1 vas of co~ls ;~ir -acy

to oL>:i2;1-uct

t l lo

cour.::c

of charge:;

had t o be prcvcd by t h e Cr,ok,m.

I con,sjder t h a t t h e basj.3 of consllwclcy i r . Ll~ot

t he re must bc a comliion

dcsjmk on. t h c p a r t of

t h e

c o n s p ~ r a t o r s .

The appcal was

a]-gucd bcfore us on

t l ~ e

bas i s t h a t i f

t h e r e was

common

d c s i ~ n

the r r

could be

no conspjracy.

Sec genera l ly z s t o conlmon design:

R. v. PTcyr~ck ('1929) 21 C r . ).pp.	R. 94 a t pp.101-103,
-

EX o a r : ~ Cnf fc .~ ; !:c

~ ~ a r , s

F97TJ

1 ~ I . S . W . T , . R .

4 3 ~ :

c t

p. 4/15, Archbold, supra, para. 4077 and -

R. v. Orton

11923

V.L.R.

:}G9 a t p.475.

The

r e a l difficulty

i n t h i s csse i s t o deci.du

what was purpose o r not lve wllich ceuse.'

t h e comnlon

d e s i ~ m ,

i f any, znd whc:l.~~r Lhc

t h e a l l eged callspL:'zco~-s

t o have

t h z t comrrion

d e s l p 1s s e ~ a r e t c

frni!~

riii; co;l.:llon

d c s i ~ m

o r 1s

i n s C l ! : i

way

so : ~s :~L~cL , : , ~L

'.:lt!i

;!]c-

coIIincn

d e s i p t h a t no

common

design

e x i s t s i f

t h e a l l cecd

conspira tors ha6 d i f f ererit purposes.

I conslder t l lz t t11e

re levan t corL.on d e s l w is

l;nc

co~i.r,~cir.

Lesl(;r; c:'~argcc:.,

namely t o obs t ruc t t h e courze of

ju:;tFcc

by caus i r~g

Constab1c.s

G r i f f l t h s and

!:o~,vzrd t o

a c t cor rup t ly i n

re lab icn

t o t h e p rc f err-nf;

o r 3rosccut lng of

c:x:rLes.

The

t r i a l judge

i m u n c ~ a b l e

occasions i n t h e zuiirr.ing

r e i t e r a t e d

tinat

t h e

c lnrge was

one

a c t i n g c o r r ~ i i ~ t l y

and t h a t , before convicting,

t h e jury

had t o Lc

s z t i z f ~ c d

beyond rcnco?abl? doubt t h a t thc-:-c \:as

a comXron dc,si[.n

and

t h z t tllc ob jcc t vas t o pay

moricy

t o obs i ruc t t h e

course of

j u s t l c e ,

to ge t thc pollccmcn

t o z c t corruptT:/

> ;

l .

- - ,

7 .,, :,- + '

:-.

Dilr~inp, t hc s?:..ln I I,.:

1211 h1 :, !:onour

s? I ci :

"So

t h a t ,

i l l r-:;c;cncc,

t h e

acc:usccl ' S

C..> Li

t l ~ : ? i

-r:Ilei.e

wk.5

C O ? ~ J ~ - ~ I I

t lesq71

cl;;out

t111s".

, .

The

d i f f i c u l t y w l t h

the

sunimln~ up

i s

In r c l a t i n - 1 t o o r e

passage v:hci-e

t h e t r>~.al .

j u d ~ e

:;a:d

t h n t it vac no defc::cr:

t h a t t h e c o n s p i r a t o r s hrid

d l f y c r e n t I,.ur'poc~.

His

l!onour

s a i d

"The~>e

is one lnnt tcr t h a t I

men Lion b e f c x 1~:l~:iil:' L ~ I S

S U ~ J J F C ~

0;' co:-l::i,lr;cy,

2y.d i t LS

t h i s .

K r .

Kc.n.n_y

p c t

1 t t o you

t h z t t h e per:,.':" -

cnis;-??rT: t o

111s zl?b7,l?;h:cils

0 71,m-r

t h l l l { ; ~

- 1; :J,,u Zccc'J < ,!c!

p rosccu~ : lon czs? ,

n i i!.:.~:.t t o

c e r t a i r ? e:.:tt:;_t.

::lie

,.I J

2(:c?;j

l cc1

sone or' t h e ?v~::r-:-cc. ;or.

l-11e CI>C,-;I

wllic!l hc k z ~

;

:;hcla!

n o t a c c e p t ,

. ,CL

c::-?l:, r.8

i,, #-.l?

c0nc.J I J S L O T ~ L!-ac.

a;lv

m;-:ill :c' ::'~i:

was ia?de

3 . t

;

K ~ c - ' C.:

1:. !-,C:.(

of -kllc aCCLlSiU

th; pLli: <>SC

of ofl'ci-lr,; a -i\>-iFe c,;

c:frc.>li::,

a pr,y~,i tnt ~3 :,c

- , e K;-

L*:

-l.:

L .>

withdrawn, G:- 11-1 come ol;!lc>- :;ay -LC

have the!-, lrxl-r:-??rl

y s

I :c?.

o r

rer~cici-~-c:

l:^~~ii

? L ~ C ~ J

;.c, ;I!:

:-..r~t

1 1.2 C

was

t h e p u r r o s e Y?I~T I-!I+

accased

hnd,

c r r

-L,

- t l i c;l.c;,

1 . 1 1 3

L I E ?

t h a t i,e

c i l z c ~ t

SLL c : i ~

.!121 r!-i7:>,

perhalw g ? t LIP::

:u;-~l-ic r 12-:S::.

,I , t'ilor:::

done - 3 ol-(!c -- 7-,;

~lc , :_ ;cL2.~1,

;;!;G-,.

.-c.

-7 S

i f you

-. - acceptcd

t h e Croin:

c z c p , trle

man 1.Xl kccj o ti: l-:cr,r:r .; yw-:,Dc,e

a l tn ( ;c t h e r .

l:!?

7..r::

CIF

L ~ I ? C ~ Y ( , : - I

c a s c ,

try::];.:

h::..-

i l lc i,lc8~:t2:: p:.:.ci

ovc r s o t1la.c iie c.ccid

g z c c i r t 3 r it.

Now

I zm

ha~ii?c! ';o

t c L l ycc t h z t nr a

m a t t e r

o f

lzv:

tl:zt

v c u l d list

constitute a defence ."

I I is JIonour t h e n went on t o s2y thzt it vas ilo t ITle n'ot17rc

o r purposr f o r ~::?lc!l

t:?e

CO-;

G ! ! rlis~,rrr.

c::isLc.d L;': t.

seen~:; t o mc

t h a t t h e critical quosl;?.on

is v~lleli?er o:,

i m t

1.-

I '

d o c ~

n o t

i nvo lve

z?ly 1 l ?

cfc l l

o 1 inclecd

irn:r.~>rnl a c t , sl~~~i',:,:::

- 8 -

t h e

o ther

a l l eged

co1?spirnto13 ~lltcr,cls

t o hzvc tile ironcy

paid with t h e d l i f e r c n t purpoce of

causjng

tllc per:,ons

who a r e t o nalic t h c propoced'.cnqulry

t:, do so:ne ilxno~-al

o r	i l l e e a l a c t .

The	r c a l i s suc i n t h i s case i s t o clecidc wlla?

is t h e re levan t

conmon

d e s ~ g n

a s cllergcd.

I n my oplrilcr,

t h e re lcvan t conlnon dcslgn chargcd \ins

t h a t C3listablcs

G r i f f i t h s and !?ward

should

a c t cn-ruptly

i n r c l s tiorl

t o t h e p r e f e r r m g o r prosecuting of

charges.

t h e jury

accepted t h e s t o r y of

t h e accused

and

a l s o ecccpted

i - l>? t X

had t h e d c s ? p t o iiavc t h e money pn3.d

t o czusc t h e

p o l i c r

constables

t o

a c t

i l l e ~ a l l y t l - ~ . ; n

I do no t sce hob,

t h e jury

could be

se t l s f i cc i

L-lia'i

thi-r? wa:,

c~:irrllcln ( : e . : ~ [ n .

I n t h l s par.tlc:ilar

case I

conrl6cr

i1la-c the T . z ~ ~ ! - J ~ ' I z

comnon d c s ~ c ~ ~

e:itel:cis

t o v:hzt

war, t o he ~ r h i c ~ r e d

ai-lci

that t h i s embraces a qucs t lon of ir-hcther o r n o t t h e

enquir lcs by t:ie p l i c e constzbler were Lo

be only

thin those ;.p~~ro?'rlzC-e

f o r Lhcin

t o cor id~c

2 n tkLe

exerc ise of

thei-r d u t i e s o r whether'

t h y were

t o cxl:e~id

t o a po in t irhere -che colirse of

j u s t i c e would be oLctructt-d.

Not\;] L.l1staa2?n~

t h e extreme care of :-Le tr~.;l

judge

t o

i n s t r u c t

t h e jury

t h a t they nus t

s a t l s f l e d

t h a t there was a common d c s u ~ ~ ~

t o a c t cor rup t ly

i n 'ihe

way cllarged and wh l l s t one must read t h e sumxing 1

)

a s

a whole,

it ceerlls t o me

t h a t t h e d l f f l c u l t ~

e s

tha t 7rd.r.e

111 t h e r;umrrm[: up from the pas:;agc

I have s c t out i n

r e l a l ,~on

t o rlurpose and com;i;on clc-si[p a r c so g rea t t!~r:'i

T r.,.: --,

-,.(

I .-r '1;: 2 .

. - -7r,-

L L

i,r,

i . r m C

, - c i , ~ l

.>: 19n 1-13. :- i l i p

lr -

up l

',.IIL:~I

;,'L;

Z ~ ~ ~ . C I . I

L G S L

.I 11

t h ~ ,

L ~ L I , L . ~ ~

l l:, l;l:.d?qu3 L<-

- 9 -

because

t h e poss lb le

e f f e c l on

t h e J u r y of

thp l>:ls::cl~e

I have

s e t out . I proposc that t h e :lp?ctl,

i::clu<l~ng a s t o

sentence, on the br ibery charges bc dismicecd but t1izt t h e appeal on t h e cor?splracy ch:~r .~c be u:i!lcld nnd a 11.i:

trial. ordered.

I N THE rI,:D1.;RP.T,

C o l T T OF

AUT.TX?LTA_

)

ATJSTRALIIli CAP TTAL TCRRI'I'ORY

,. .;

)

No. P.C.

1 3 of 1978

DISTRIC'F REGTS'J'RY

) )

GCNERAL

D I V I S I O N

On Appeal

f r o m t h e

S c p r e m c C n L r t

the A u s t r a l l c i n C z p ~

t a l T c r r i t ~ r i ~

B E T W E E N :

- and -

TIJE	Q I J l ~ l ~ ' ~

? MARCH l!> 79	Rc5;>:,?,5~1:k
REASONS FOR JLDG?,LCNT	S T . JOJJ:.? .'J#

I have had the advantage of

rcadlng t11e reasons fo r 2 u d q 1 1 e n t

B l a c k b u r n J..

agrce t h a t t h e . t w o c o n v l c t ~ o n s

thc

chargcs of

bribery u n d c r s . 7 3

t h r C r l m c s Act

2 9 1 4 s1im;l.d

s t and and t h a t t h e sentence l m p o s e d i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e m should n o t be lntcrfered w l t h for the reasons expressed.

3 w o u l d therefore d l s m i s s the apppt7al

both a s t o convlc t lon

and scntencc i n r e l a t l o n

t o thosc chargcs.

A s t o thc conviction F o r conspiracy I w o u l d upllold the ;~p;>;.al

. ' .-:.l..

: :

I .

1 1

L .

! 4.1- .,at- C?.

lack of

s u i f l c l c n t r i l r e c t l c ~ n

r c q a : - ( i l n g

t h c

i s s u e of

1Iact

. l 2

com.on t o bo th t h e consp i r acy ancl t h e bril:?r-y

chai-qcs a~nou!lts

. .

t o a dcf l c i e n c y i n t h c sunlnllng Lp vfi1-l ch one coul d nct.

s a f e l y

The o r d e r s I would thcrc:forc

propose wou1.d b2 t h a t the appai

i n respect t o t h e two cha ryes of hi- tbcry Io?

dismissed b ~ t h

a s t o csnvicClon and t h e :;cr.tencc

anc!

t h a t thc ap>?13. ~ C ! ' I T ~ F ~

conviction on t h e cllargc of co:lsnI.racy b c upheld and a nr-w

t r i a l 01 -d~~~cc l .

CaseChat Overview and Summary

Orders of the court

Background to the litigation

Evidence Before The Court

Reasons for decision

Legal Principle Established