Anderson v Edith Cowan University

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FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA
Anderson v Edith Cowan University [1999] FCA 1802

INDUSTRIAL LAW – Workplace Relations Act s 298K and s 298L – applicant an academic employed pursuant to three successive contracts - whether respondent dismissed applicant – whether respondent refused to employ applicant – whether conduct was for a prohibited reason.

Workplace Relations Act 1996
Workplace Relations Act 1988

MUA v Geraldton Port Authority (1999) 165 ALR 67
Fraser v Fletcher Construction Australia Ltd (1996) 70 IR 117
Fisher v Edith Cowan University (1996) 70 IR 206
Fisher v Edith Cowan University(No. 2) (1997) 72 IR 464
D’Lima v Board of Management of Princess Margaret Hospital for Children (1996) 64 IR 19

D’Ortenzio v Telstra (1997) 78 IR 468

Scally v Board of Management of Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital (1996) 40 AILR 3-316

MICHAEL ANDERSON v EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY

WG 165 OF 1998

BOON JR
20 DECEMBER 1999
PERTH

IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

WESTERN AUSTRALIA DISTRICT REGISTRY

WG165 OF 1998

BETWEEN:

MICHAEL ANDERSON
Applicant

AND:

EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY
Respondent

JUDGE:

BOON JR

DATE OF ORDER:

20 DECEMBER 1999

WHERE MADE:

PERTH

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1.        The application be dismissed.

2.        There be no order as to costs.

Note:   Settlement and entry of orders is dealt with in Order 36 of the Federal Court Rules.

IN THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

WESTERN AUSTRALIA DISTRICT REGISTRY

WG165 OF 1998

BETWEEN:

MICHAEL ANDERSON
Applicant

AND:

EDITH COWAN UNIVERSITY
Respondent

JUDGE:

BOON JR

DATE:

20 DECEMBER 1999

PLACE:

PERTH

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

  1. The applicant, Mr Anderson, was formerly employed by the respondent, Edith Cowan University.  Edith Cowan University was formerly known as the Western Australian College of Advanced Education.  For the sake of convenience I shall refer throughout to the respondent and its predecessor as “Edith Cowan University”.

  2. A statement of claim was originally filed in this matter on 3 November 1998.  By an amended statement of claim filed 19 August 1999, Mr Anderson has applied pursuant to s298T and seeks the following orders pursuant to s 298U of the Workplace Relations Act 1996:

  3. “(a)     an order imposing a penalty against the respondent in the amount of $10,000;

    (b)an order requiring the respondent to reinstate the applicant;

    (c)an order requiring the respondent to pay the applicant compensation representing the applicant’s lost income from 2 July 1998 until 3 February 1999, and from 16 August 1999 until reinstatement;

    (d)interest on any award of compensation pursuant to s 33Z of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976;

    (e)costs.”

  4. The main issues in this matter are as follows:

    (1)       whether Edith Cowan University –

    (a)refused to offer Mr Anderson any further employment and thereby refused to re-employ him within the meaning of those words in s 298K(1)(d) of the Workplace Relations Act; or, alternatively

    (b)dismissed Mr Anderson within the meaning of s 298K(1)(a);

    and, if so,

    (2)whether Edith Cowan University’s dismissal and/or refusal to re-employ Mr Anderson was:

    (a)for a prohibited reason in breach of…

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Details
Case
[1999] FCA 1802
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

In the matter of Anderson v Edith Cowan University, the applicant, Mr Anderson, sought relief under the Workplace Relations Act, alleging that the respondent, Edith Cowan University, either dismissed him or refused to employ him for a prohibited reason. The court was required to determine whether the university's conduct constituted a dismissal or refusal to employ, and if so, whether it was for an impermissible reason. Mr Anderson, a highly qualified academic with extensive experience, had applied for a principal lecturer position at Edith Cowan University. He believed he was applying for a tenured position, which he assumed would be similar to those in the UK. The university, however, offered him a series of fixed-term contracts instead.

The legal issues revolved around the interpretation of the terms of Mr Anderson's employment and whether these terms amounted to a dismissal or a refusal to employ him. Specifically, the court had to consider whether the university's offer of successive fixed-term contracts constituted a dismissal or refusal to employ him, and if such action was taken for a prohibited reason. Under the Workplace Relations Act, the onus was on Mr Anderson to establish that the university either dismissed him or refused to employ him, and then to show that such action was for an impermissible reason. If Mr Anderson could prove these elements, the burden shifted to the university to demonstrate, on the balance of probabilities, that the action was not motivated by an impermissible reason.

The court found that the university did not dismiss Mr Anderson nor did it refuse to employ him in the sense contemplated by the Act. The fixed-term contracts offered were consistent with the university's employment practices and did not constitute a dismissal or refusal to employ him. Consequently, the court dismissed Mr Anderson's application and made no order as to costs.

Orders

Orders of the court

1. The application be dismissed.

2. There be no order as to costs.

Background

Background to the litigation

The onus is on Mr Anderson to prove that Edith Cowan University refused to employ him, or, in the alternative, dismissed him (see MUA v Geraldton Port Authority (1999) 165 ALR 67 at 99). If Mr Anderson proves that he was dismissed or that Edith Cowan University refused to employ him, and he alleges that such conduct was carried out for a prohibited reason, it is for Edith Cowan University to prove, on the balance of probabilities, that it was not motivated by an impermissible reason (see s 298V).Background Mr Anderson is 51 years old. Until 1990 he lived in the United Kingdom with his wife and children. His qualifications include a Bachelor of Jurisprudence and Master of Jurisprudence from Oxford University; a certificate in youth work; a postgraduate certificate in Social Administration and Social Policy from Birmingham University; a postgraduate diploma in Social Work from Birmingham University and a Master of Education from Liverpool University. He has recently submitted for marking his thesis for a Doctor of Philosophy from Murdoch University. Before he moved to Australia in 1990, Mr Anderson had gained significant experience in lecturing, management and social work. While he was still resident in the United Kingdom, Mr Anderson saw an advertisement in the Guardian Newspaper of 22 May 1990 which advertised vacancies at Edith Cowan University. The advertisement which caught his eye was headed as follows: “SCHOOL OF COMMUNITY AND LANGUAGE STUDIES TENURED OR FIXED TERM CONTRACT POSITIONS PRINCIPAL LECTURERGU33. Community and Behavioural StudiesTo lecture and to give leadership to all Senior Lecturers, particularly in the development of post-bachelor courses”. Mr Anderson applied for that position. He told the Court that he understood he was applying for a tenured principal lecturer position. Mr Anderson attended an interview at the Waldorf Hotel in London on 24 August 1990. He was interviewed by Dr Douglas Jecks, who was then the Vice-Chancellor of Edith Cowan University. Mr Anderson told the Court that the interview was not as he had imagined it would be. He described it as a “sales pitch” and said that it was evident to him that he had been pre-selected for the position. Mr Anderson said that Dr Jecks was telling him about the wonderful things ahead of him if Mr Anderson came to Perth. Mr Anderson could only recall being asked one question. Mr Anderson said that he was left with the impression that there had been careful consideration of his background and qualifications. At the end of the interview, Dr Jecks said to Mr Anderson that he should read the handbook and advise him what units he thought he could teach. Mr Anderson told the Court that there was no question in his mind that the job he was applying for was a principal lectureship and a tenured position. I asked Mr Anderson what caused him to believe that this was the case. He replied that he was not familiar with Australia’s employment conditions for academics. In the UK, academics held tenured positions and he assumed that the position would be tenured. Mr Anderson said that at no time during the interview was the question of whether the position was tenured or contract discussed.

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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