Abassi v Minister for Immigration

Case [2018] FCCA 2690


FEDERAL CIRCUIT COURT OF AUSTRALIA

ABASSI & ANOR v MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION & ANOR [2019] FCCA 2690
Catchwords:
MIGRATION – Administrative Appeals Tribunal – partner (provisional) (class UF) (subclass 309) visa – applicants providing bogus documents or documents that were false or misleading in a material particular to the Minister – whether the Tribunal erred in its consideration of whether to waive the requirements of public interest criterion 4020(1) – whether the Tribunal considered whether there were compelling circumstances affecting the interests of an Australian citizen – whether the Tribunal was obliged to consider s.34 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007 in determining whether to waive the requirements of public interest criterion 4020(1) – whether the Tribunal made an irrational decision – whether the Tribunal considered all required matters.

Legislation:
Australian Citizenship Act 2007, s.34

Criminal Code Act 1995, ss.134.1, 134.2, 135.1, 135.2, 135.4, 136.1

Migration Regulations 1994, criterion 4020 of Schedule 4

Cases cited:

Buadromo v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2017] FCA 1592
Minister for Aboriginal Affairs v Peko-Wallsend Ltd (1986) 162 CLR 24; (1986) 10 ALN N109; (1986) 66 ALR 299; (1986) 60 ALJR 560; [1986] HCA 40
Mohamed v Minister for Immigration and Border Protection [2016] FCCA 3231
Victoria v Commonwealth (Kakariki/Shipwrecks case) (1937) 58 CLR 618; [1938] ALR 97; (1937) 11 ALJR 344a

First Applicant: NAJIBULLAH ABASSI
Second Applicant: AZIZA HASSANI
First Respondent: MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND BORDER PROTECTION
Second Respondent: ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL
File number: MLG 1539 of 2016
Judgment of: Judge Riley
Hearing date: 22 June 2018
Date of last submission: 22 June 2018
Delivered at: Melbourne
Delivered on: 21 September 2018

REPRESENTATION

Counsel for the applicants: Angel Aleksov
Solicitors for the applicants: FCG Legal
Counsel for the first respondent: Nick Wood
Counsel for the second respondent: No appearance
Solicitors for the respondents: Sparke Helmore

ORDERS

  1. The application filed on 20 July 2016 and amended on 22 February 2017 be dismissed.

  2. The applicants pay the first respondent’s costs of the proceeding fixed in the sum of $7,328.

FEDERAL CIRCUIT COURT
OF AUSTRALIA

AT MELBOURNE

MLG 1539 of 2016

NAJIBULLAH ABASSI

First applicant

And

AZIZA HASSANI

Second applicant

And

MINISTER FOR IMMIGRATION AND BORDER PROTECTION

First respondent

And

ADMINISTRATIVE APPEALS TRIBUNAL

Second respondent

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

Introduction

  1. This is an application for review of a decision made by the Administrative Appeals Tribunal.  In that decision, the Tribunal affirmed a decision of a delegate of the Minister for Immigration and Border Protection not to grant the second applicant a partner (provisional) (class UF) (subclass 309) visa. 

  2. The first applicant is the husband of the second applicant.  Before the Tribunal, there was a third applicant, Ramazan Ali Abbasi, born on 5 May 2006, who is the son of the first and second applicants.  However, there was no attempt for the son to be made a party to these proceedings.

  3. The first applicant was granted a subclass 117 orphan relative visa on 8 May 2007.…

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AGLC
Abassi v Minister for Immigration [2019] FCCA 2690
Case
[2018] FCCA 2690
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

In *Abassi v Minister for Immigration*, Judge Riley of the Federal Circuit Court of Australia considered an application for judicial review concerning the refusal to waive a public interest criterion. The applicants sought to challenge the decision of the Migration Review Tribunal (MRT) which had refused to waive the requirement of public interest criterion 4020(1). This criterion was relevant to the first applicant's visa application, and the refusal was based on the first applicant's prior deceit in obtaining an orphan relative visa and subsequently Australian citizenship.

The central legal issue before the Court was whether the MRT had failed to properly consider the implications of section 34 of the *Australian Citizenship Act 2007* when assessing the waiver of public interest criterion 4020(1). Specifically, the applicants contended that the MRT overlooked the provisions of section 34(2)(b)(iii), which allows for the revocation of citizenship if it was obtained as a result of migration-related fraud, as defined in section 34(6). This definition encompasses convictions for certain offences under the *Criminal Code Act 1995*, including those related to obtaining property or financial advantage by deception, general dishonesty, conspiracy to defraud, and making false or misleading statements in applications.

Judge Riley reasoned that the MRT's decision to refuse the waiver was flawed because it did not adequately consider the statutory framework for revocation of citizenship under the *Australian Citizenship Act 2007*. The Court noted that section 34(6) defines migration-related fraud by reference to specific offences under the *Criminal Code Act 1995*, such as obtaining property by deception (s 134.1), obtaining a financial advantage by deception (s 134.2), and making false or misleading statements in applications (s 136.1). The applicants argued that the first applicant's conduct, which led to the refusal of the waiver, also constituted migration-related fraud under these provisions, and therefore the MRT should have had regard to the potential for citizenship revocation when exercising its discretion under section 34. The Court found that the MRT had failed to engage with this aspect of the legislation, thereby misdirecting itself in law.

Orders

Orders of the court

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Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

The applicants argued that the Tribunal’s refusal to waive the requirements of public interest criterion 4020(1) was dominated by the first applicant’s deceit in obtaining his orphan relative visa and then Australian citizenship. However, in considering the question of waiver, the applicants argued that the Tribunal failed to have regard to s.34 of the Australian Citizenship Act 2007, which relevantly provided:34. Revocation by Minister—offences or fraud…(2)The Minister may, by writing, revoke a person’s Australian citizenship if:…(b) any of the following apply:…(iii)the person obtained the Minister’s approval to become an Australian citizen as a result of migration‑related fraud within the meaning of subsection (6); ……(6) For the purposes of this section, a person obtained the Minister’s approval to become an Australian citizen as a result of migration‑related fraud if and only if:(a) at any time, the person was convicted of an offence against: …(ii) section 134.1, 134.2, 135.1, 135.2, 135.4 or 136.1 of the Criminal Code;that the person committed at any time before the Minister gave the approval; and(b) the act or omission that constituted the offence was connected with the person’s entry into Australia or the grant to the person of a visa or of a permission to enter and remain in Australia. The Criminal Code Act 1995 relevantly provided:134.1Obtaining property by deception(1) A person is guilty of an offence if:(a) the person, by a deception, dishonestly obtains property belonging to another with the intention of permanently depriving the other of the property; and(b) the property belongs to a Commonwealth entity.Penalty: Imprisonment for 10 years.…134.2 Obtaining a financial advantage by deception(1)A person is guilty of an offence if:(a) the person, by a deception, dishonestly obtains a financial advantage from another person; and(b) the other person is a Commonwealth entity.Penalty: Imprisonment for 10 years.…135.1General dishonestyObtaining a gain(1) A person is guilty of an offence if:(a) the person does anything with the intention of dishonestly obtaining a gain from another person; and(b) the other person is a Commonwealth entity.Penalty: Imprisonment for 5 years.… 135.2 Obtaining financial advantage(1) A person is guilty of an offence if:(a) the person engages in conduct; and(aa) as a result of that conduct, the person obtains a financial advantage for himself or herself from another person; and(ab) the person knows or believes that he or she is not eligible to receive that financial advantage; and(b) the other person is a Commonwealth entity.Penalty: Imprisonment for 12 months.…135.4 Conspiracy to defraudObtaining a gain(1) A person is guilty of an offence if:(a) the person conspires with another person with the intention of dishonestly obtaining a gain from a third person; and(b) the third person is a Commonwealth entity.Penalty: Imprisonment for 10 years.…136.1False or misleading statements in applicationsKnowledge(1) A person is guilty of an offence if:(a) the person makes a statement (whether orally, in a document or in any other way); and(b) the person does so knowing that the statement:(i) is false or misleading; or(ii) omits any matter or thing without which the statement is misleading; and(c) the statement is made in, or in connection with:(i) an application for a licence, permit or authority; or(ii) an application for registration; or(iii) an application or claim for a benefit; and(d) any of the following subparagraphs applies:(i) the statement is made to a Commonwealth entity;(ii) the statement is made to a person who is exercising powers or performing functions under, or in connection with, a law of the Commonwealth;(iii) the statement is made in compliance or purported compliance with a law of the Commonwealth.Penalty: Imprisonment for 12 months.(1A)Absolute liability applies to each of the subparagraph (1)(d)(i), (ii) and (iii) elements of the offence.(2)Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(i) if the statement is not false or misleading in a material particular.Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (2). See subsection 13.3(3).(3)Subsection (1) does not apply as a result of subparagraph (1)(b)(ii) if the statement did not omit any matter or thing without which the statement is misleading in a material particular.Note: A defendant bears an evidential burden in relation to the matter in subsection (3). See subsection 13.3(3).…