Zhang v Yan (No 2)

Case [2021] FCA 1076


FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Zhang v Yan (No 2) [2021] FCA 1076

Appeal from: Yan v Zhang [2019] FCCA 2990
File number: VID 1244 of 2019
Judgment of: O'BRYAN J
Date of judgment: 7 September 2021
Catchwords: COSTS – award of costs – where not all of the successful respondents’ arguments were accepted – costs nevertheless awarded in favour of respondent – order for release of sum paid into court as security for costs – whether the unsuccessful appellant entitled to a costs certificate under Federal Proceedings (Costs) Act 1981 (Cth)
Legislation:

Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth) s 43

Federal Proceedings (Costs) Act 1981 (Cth) s 6(1)

Division: General Division
Registry: Victoria
National Practice Area: Commercial and Corporations
Sub-area: General and Personal Insolvency
Number of paragraphs: 18
Date of last submissions: 19 August 2021
Date of hearing: Determined on the papers
Counsel for the Appellant: M G R Gronow QC with L Collaris
Solicitor for the Appellant: Hopkins Lawyers
Counsel for the Respondents: J P Tomlinson
Solicitor for the Respondents: SBA Law

ORDERS

VID 1244 of 2019
BETWEEN:

HENG ZHANG

Appellant

AND:

WEIMIN YAN

First Respondent

SHANGHAI YINGYUE INVESTMENT GROUP CO PTY LTD

Second Respondent

ORDER MADE BY:

O'BRYAN J

DATE OF ORDER:

7 SEPTEMBER 2021

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1.The appellant pay the respondents’ costs of the appeal and of the notice of contention, to be taxed in default of agreement.

2.The sum of $30,000 paid into Court as security for the respondents’ costs of the appeal pursuant to order 1 made on 6 April 2020 be released to the solicitors for the respondents, SBA Law, on account of the respondents’ costs per order 1.

Note:   Entry of orders is dealt with in Rule 39.32 of the Federal Court Rules 2011.


REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

O’BRYAN J:

Introduction

  1. This proceeding is an appeal from a decision of the Federal Circuit Court of Australia dismissing an application for review of a sequestration order made by a registrar of the Federal Circuit Court in respect of the appellant.

  2. On 5 August 2021, I made orders that:

    (a)the respondents’ notice of contention be allowed in part;

    (b)the appeal be dismissed; and

    (c)within 14 days, the parties are to file and serve written submissions in relation to the costs of the appeal, limited to 3 pages, to be determined on the papers.

  3. Each of the parties filed submissions in relation to the costs of the appeal. The respondents also filed an affidavit of Andrew John Green, a principal of SBA Law, the solicitors for the respondents.

  4. I also note by way of background that, on 6 April 2020, I made orders by consent of the parties requiring the appellant to provide security for the respondents' costs in the sum of $30,000 by paying that sum into Court.

    Appellant’s submissions

  5. The appellant submitted that, although he was ultimately unsuccessful on the appeal, the appropriate order to be made in the circumstances of the appeal is that each party bear their own costs.

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AGLC
Zhang v Yan (No 2) [2021] FCA 1076
Case
[2021] FCA 1076
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The case of Zhang v Yan (No 2) involved the appellant, Zhang, and the respondents, Yan, before the Federal Court of Australia. The nature of the dispute was an appeal against the costs awarded in a previous proceeding. The appellant contested the decision to award costs to the respondents, arguing that not all of the respondents' arguments were accepted and thus, costs should not be awarded in their entirety. The respondents argued for the full recovery of their costs, including the release of a sum paid into court as security for costs.

The legal issues that the court had to decide involved the principles governing the award of costs in the Federal Court, particularly under section 43 of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth). The court had to determine whether the respondents were entitled to their costs in full despite not all of their arguments being accepted. Additionally, the court considered whether the appellant, who was an undischarged bankrupt, was entitled to a costs certificate under the Federal Proceedings (Costs) Act 1981 (Cth). The court needed to assess whether the respondents' costs were recoverable given the appellant's financial status.

The court reasoned that the respondents were successful on the appeal and thus, were entitled to their costs. Although not all arguments raised by the respondents were accepted, the unsuccessful contentions did not significantly contribute to the complexity of the case. Therefore, the court found it appropriate to award the respondents their costs on a party/party basis. The court also considered that releasing the sum paid into court as security for costs to the respondents' solicitors would prevent further costs that would not be recoverable due to the appellant's bankruptcy status.

The final orders were that the appellant pay the respondents' costs of the appeal and of the notice of contention, to be taxed in default of agreement, and that the sum of $30,000 paid into court as security for the respondents' costs of the appeal be released to the respondents' solicitors, SBA Law, on account of the respondents' costs.

Orders

Orders of the court

1. The appellant pay the respondents’ costs of the appeal and of the notice of contention, to be taxed in default of agreement.

2. The sum of $30,000 paid into Court as security for the respondents’ costs of the appeal pursuant to order 1 made on 6 April 2020 be released to the solicitors for the respondents, SBA Law, on account of the respondents’ costs per order 1.

Note: Entry of orders is dealt with in Rule 39.32 of the Federal Court Rules 2011.

Background

Background to the litigation

Full text does not contain this section.

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

Full text does not contain this section.

Decision

Reasons for decision

It can be seen that the section applies where an appeal succeeds on a question of law, and the section empowers the Court to grant a cost certificate to the unsuccessful respondent (on the application of the respondent). In the present case, the appellant’s appeal did not succeed. The section does not empower the Court to grant a costs certificate in favour of an unsuccessful appellant even if, as is the case here, the appeal was dismissed on a different ground to that on which the order below was made, and the appellant succeeded on one of his grounds of appeal (which would have been sufficient to sustain an appeal against the decision below in the absence of the further point raised by the respondents’ notice of contention).Conclusion In conclusion, I will make orders in the form sought by the respondents, being:(a)the appellant pay the respondents' costs of the appeal and of the notice of contention, to be taxed in default of agreement; and(b)the sum of $30,000 paid into Court as security for the respondents' costs of the appeal pursuant to order 1 made on 6 April 2020 be released to the solicitors for the respondents, SBA Law, on account of the respondents' costs per order 1.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

In support of proposed order 2, the respondents submitted (through the affidavit of their solicitor, Mr Green) that, given the appellant is an undischarged bankrupt, it is appropriate for the Court to make an order for the sum of $30,000 paid into Court as security for costs to be released to the respondents’ solicitors, SBA Law, on account of the amount that would be recoverable if costs were assessed or taxed. The respondents submitted that, if the Court were to adopt this course, it would obviate the need for the respondents to take formal steps to recover their costs, which would involve further costs that would not be recoverable given the appellant is an undischarged bankrupt. In support of that submission, Mr Green gave evidence that:(a)in a report dated 26 February 2020 prepared by Mr Chris Grisenti of Blackstone Legal Consulting (which was annexed to Mr Green’s affidavit of 26 February 2020 prepared in connection with the respondents’ application for security for costs), Mr Grisenti estimated the respondents' recoverable party/party costs of the appeal would be $46,903.72;(b)the respondents have incurred actual legal costs (including counsel’s fees) of $54,599.77 excluding GST as follows:(i)professional fees $29,117.50;(ii)filing fee on application $1,255.00;(iii)counsel's fees $22,227.27;(iv)Blackstone Legal Costing $2,000.00;(c)Mr Green estimated that 100% of disbursements and approximately 75% of the professional fees are likely to be recoverable on a party/party assessment or taxation given the nature of the matter and the seniority of counsel retained, being a total amount of $47,282.27.Consideration The applicable principles governing the award of costs are well known. The Court’s discretion to award costs under s 43 of the Federal Court of Australia Act 1976 (Cth) is broad and is not bound by rigid or inflexible rules. The discretion must be exercised judicially, consistently with the purpose of the power and taking account of relevant facts and circumstances of the litigation. Usually, the discretion to award costs is exercised in favour of a successful party. However, a successful party may be deprived of a proportion of its costs, or even required to pay costs to the other party, if the successful party succeeded only upon a portion of its claim, or failed on issues that were not reasonably pursued, or where the result of the litigation might be described as mixed. Nevertheless, the mere fact that a court does not accept all of a successful party’s arguments does not make it appropriate to apportion costs on an issue by issue basis. I accept the respondents’ submissions that they were successful on the appeal. Although I did not accept all of the arguments advanced by the respondents on the appeal (I did not accept two of the contentions raised by the respondents by way of notice of contention), I do not consider that the respondents should be deprived of a proportion of their costs. The contentions on which the respondents ultimately failed did not add significantly to the length or complexity of the issues to be determined. Accordingly, I consider that it is appropriate for the respondents to be awarded their costs on a party/party basis, to be taxed in default of agreement.