White v Pink Batts Insulation P/L

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White v Pink Batts Insulation P/L [2000] NTSC 27

PARTIES:RICHARD WHITE

v

PINK BATTS INSULATION PTY LTD formerly known as DIVIC PTY LTD formerly known as DIMET CORROSION PTY LTD formerly known as DIMET CORROSION PREVENTION PTY LTD

AND:

COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE

TITLE OF COURT:  SUPREME COURT OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY

JURISDICTION:  SUPREME COURT OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY exercising Territory jurisdiction

FILE NO:138/93

DELIVERED:  5 May 2000

HEARING DATES:  8-19 February, 12-22 July, 29 September – 1 October 1999, 28 February – 1 March 2000

JUDGMENT OF:  THOMAS J

CATCHWORDS:

DAMAGES

Claim for damages for impaired respiratory function caused by employment – whether the system of work pursuant to which the plaintiff worked was negligent – whether the plaintiff thereby sustained damage, specifically through the development of small airways disease related to silica exposure –unreliable witness – accepted medical evidence did not support his claim – plaintiff failed to prove he has silica induced small airways disease, or any condition relating to his exposure to silica dust.

Bonnington Castings Ltd v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613, considered.
Commonwealth of Australia v McLean (1996) NSWLR 389, referred to.

REPRESENTATION:

Counsel:

Plaintiff:L King QC

First Defendant:  J Tippett

Second Defendant:  J Kourakis QC and J Rau

Solicitors:

Plaintiff:Bradley Allen

First Defendant:  De Silva Hebron

Second Defendant:  Hunt & Hunt

Judgment category classification:        C

Judgment ID Number:  tho20002

Number of pages:  100

IN SUPREME COURT
OF THE NORTHERN TERRITORY
OF AUSTRALIA
AT DARWIN

White v Pink Batts Insulation P/L [2000] NTSC 27
No. 138/93

BETWEEN:

RICHARD WHITE

Plaintiff

AND:

PINK BATTS INSULATION PTY LTD formerly known as DIVIC PTY LTD formerly known as DIMET CORROSION PTY LTD formerly known as DIMET CORROSION PREVENTION PTY LTD

First Defendant

AND:

COMMERCIAL UNION ASSURANCE

Second Defendant

CORAM:    THOMAS J

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

(Delivered 5 May 2000)

  1. This is a claim by the plaintiff for damages for impaired respiratory function caused by his employment as a sandblaster in Darwin between May 1971 and August 1974.

  1. The first defendant is the successor to Dimet Corrosion Pty Ltd.  The second defendant is sued as the relevant insurer of Dimet Contracting Pty Ltd.

  2. The essential issues in this claim are:

    1)Whether the plaintiff was employed by Dimet Corrosion Pty Ltd or Dimet Contracting Pty Ltd.

    2)If employed by Dimet Contracting Pty Ltd, whether Dimet Corrosion Pty Ltd so dominated the conduct of Dimet Contracting’s business that Dimet Corrosion Pty Ltd is responsible upon the basis of CSR Ltd v Wren (1997) 44 NSWLR 463.

    3)Whether the system of work pursuant to which the plaintiff worked was negligent.

    4)If so, whether the plaintiff thereby sustained damage, specifically through the development of small airways disease related to silica exposure.

    5)If he did, what measure of damage is by way of general damages, out of pocket expenses past and future and economic loss past and future.

    6)Whether the second defendant insured Dimet Contracting Pty Ltd against a liability to pay damages to, amongst other people, the plaintiff, pursuant to an agreement…

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Details
Case
[2000] NTSC 27
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

In the case of White v Pink Batts Insulation P/L, the plaintiff sought damages for impaired respiratory function he claimed was caused by his employment. The court was tasked with determining whether the system of work under which the plaintiff worked was negligent and whether this negligence led to the plaintiff developing small airways disease related to silica exposure. The evidence presented included the plaintiff's testimony and medical reports, which were critically evaluated by the court.

The central legal issue was whether the plaintiff's respiratory impairment resulted from silica exposure during his employment, or if other factors, such as smoking, were the primary cause. The court considered the reliability of the plaintiff's testimony and the medical evidence provided. It was noted that the plaintiff's lung function tests were not conducted properly, casting doubt on their accuracy. Additionally, the court found the plaintiff's testimony inconsistent and unreliable on several points, particularly regarding his smoking habits and employment details.

The court ultimately concluded that the plaintiff failed to prove that his condition was caused by silica exposure during his employment. The accepted medical evidence did not support the plaintiff's claim of small airways disease related to silica. Instead, the court found that the plaintiff likely had asthma, probably related to cigarette smoking, with no evidence of silica-induced airways disease. The court's reasoning was based on the principle that the plaintiff must establish a material contributing cause for his condition, a burden that was not met given the evidence.

The court ordered that the plaintiff's claim be dismissed, finding that he did not prove the necessary causal link between his employment and his respiratory condition.

Orders

Orders of the court

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Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

There is evidence that when undertaking lung function tests, Mr White did not take a full breath (Dr Field). I have some doubts about whether when undertaking the lung function tests Mr White was making an honest effort. Mr White did not present as a credible or reliable witness and I will detail other examples of this under the heading of medical evidence.Medical Evidence The plaintiff claims that his condition is small airways disease or primarily small airways disease related to exposure to silica during the period of his employment in Darwin between 1971 – 1974. I accept that Mr White was exposed to silica during the period of his employment between 1971 – 1974. Whilst I have found that he exaggerated the period of time he was actually employed and that he was not employed for the number of hours each week that he states or the intense exposure to sandblasting that he maintains, I nevertheless accept that in this employment he was exposed to silica. To establish causation the plaintiff must establish a material contributing cause. Any cause which is more than minimal is to be regarded as material. I apply the principle expressed by Lord Reid in Bonnington Castings Ltd v Wardlaw [1956] AC 613 at 621:“….. What is a material contribution must be a question of degree. A contribution which comes within the exception de minimus non curat lex is not material, but I think that any contribution which does not fall within that exception must be material. I do not see how there can be something too large to come within the de minimis principle but yet too small to be material.”See also Commonwealth of Australia v McLean (1997) 41 NSWLR 389. The alternative explanation that has emerged on the evidence is that the plaintiff has asthma, probably related to cigarette smoking and that there is no evidence of silica induced airways disease. On the plaintiff’s own evidence his health was good until 1985 when he entered his own real estate business trading as Prime Real Estate (t/p 69). He consulted Dr Lowe and was diagnosed with an upper respiratory tract infection. This did not cause any incapacity for employment. In July 1989 he consulted Dr Armstrong for persistent bronchitis. This condition improved with antibiotic therapy. Mr White consulted Dr Armstrong again in February 1991 relating to another bout of bronchitis. Dr Armstrong referred Mr White to Professor Bryant who arranged for Mr White to be admitted to the smoking clinic at St Vincents Hospital for a week of intensive therapy between 17 and 25 June 1991. In October 1991, Mr White was admitted to the Freemasons Hospital to assist him to cease smoking. Mr White agreed in cross examination that he continued to smoke after 1991. In March 1992, Dr Stewart May counselled Mr White to stop smoking. Mr White gave evidence in cross examination that in1991 he attended hospital to give up smoking. He gave Dr Swinburn a history of his smoking and stated that he had smoked 20 cigarettes a day at the peak since he was 16. In 1991 Mr White was approximately 37 years of age. Mr White stated he did have a relapse and gave evidence to the effect that four or five years ago he went to a restaurant in Canberra one night and smoked cigarettes, the number of which he could not recall (t/p 1102). I did not find the evidence given by Mr White as to his past smoking habits to be reliable. Mr White informed personnel at the Prince of Wales Hospital Department of Respiratory Medicine on 22 January 1992, that he smoked for 17 pack years. This does not accord with the history he gave Professor Bryant. In a report from Professor Bryant to Dr Armstrong dated 16 September 1993, Professor Bryant states in paragraph 3:“One could not be dogmatic about the cause for his chronic air flow limitation. He does give a history of smoking cigarettes (5/day from the age of eighteen to twenty six and three/day from the age of twenty six to thirty three) but this level of self reported smoking is not sufficient to have resulted in the degree of air flow limitation that is now present. …..”

Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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