Wei & Xia (No. 2)

Case [2021] FamCA 313


FAMILY COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Wei & Xia (No. 2) [2021] FamCA 313

File number(s): SYC 196 of 2017
Judgment of: HARPER J
Date of judgment: 18 May 2021
Catchwords: FAMILY LAW – PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE – Where the matter is presently part-heard before a Judge – Where there were substantial difficulties in the first tranche of the proceedings regarding husband giving evidence by electronic communication from China – Where the husband presently resides in China – Where husband holds Residence Permit for work in China which expires in November 2023 - Where orders were made at the conclusion of the first tranche of the proceedings for the husband to attend the remaining hearing days in person - Where the husband has since filed a Request to Attend the remaining hearing days by electronic means – Where the husband argues that he may be prevented re-entry to China following the conclusion of the final hearing – Where Court is satisfied husband can return to China – The request for electronic communication is refused.   
Legislation:

Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)

Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth), rr 12.11, 12.13, 16.05, 16.06, 16.07

Number of paragraphs: 29
Date of hearing: 17 May 2021
Place: Sydney
Solicitor for the Applicant: Mr Li
Solicitor for the First Respondent: Ms Leung

ORDERS

SYC 196 of 2017
BETWEEN:

MS WEI

Applicant

AND:

MR XIA

First Respondent

MR B XIA

Second Respondent

MS SIANG

Third Respondent

ORDER MADE BY:

HARPER J

DATE OF ORDER:

18 MAY 2021

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1.The request of the First Respondent Husband to attend the final hearing commencing on 28 June 2021 by electronic communication be refused.

Note:   The form of the order is subject to the entry in the Court’s records.

Note: This copy of the Court’s Reasons for judgment may be subject to review to remedy minor typographical or grammatical errors (r 17.02A(b) of the Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth)), or to record a variation to the order pursuant to 17.02 Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth).

IT IS NOTED that publication of this judgment by this Court under the pseudonym Wei & Xia has been approved by the Chief Justice pursuant to s 121(9)(g) of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth).

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

HARPER J:

INTRODUCTION

  1. This matter is part heard.  A trial took place in October 2020 over a two week period.  The parties attempted to resolve the dispute during the trial; they were unsuccessful. The trial did not complete in the allocated time and had to be adjourned part heard.

  2. The issues in the proceedings are reasonably complex.  They include allegations by Ms Wei (“the wife”) that properties held by Mr B Xia and Ms Siang (“the second and third respondents”) are held in trust for Mr Xia (“the husband”). She alleges non-disclosure and lack of compliance by the other parties. She also seeks orders that a number of transactions between the other parties be set aside because they were designed to…

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Wei & Xia (No. 2) [2021] FamCA 313
Case
[2021] FamCA 313
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

In *Wei & Xia (No. 2)*, Harper J of the Family Court of Australia considered an application by the First Respondent Husband to attend the final hearing of proceedings by electronic communication. The matter had previously experienced substantial difficulties when the husband, who resides in China, gave evidence remotely. The husband sought to continue giving evidence electronically due to concerns he might be prevented from re-entering China after the hearing concluded.

The central legal issue before the Court was whether to exercise its discretion under Rule 16.05 of the *Family Law Rules 2004* (Cth) to permit the husband to attend the final hearing by electronic means. This rule allows for such attendance, but the onus is on the party making the request to persuade the Court. The husband’s primary argument was the risk of being unable to re-enter China, where he lives with his wife and two young children and holds a Residence Permit for work valid until November 2023. He relied on Chinese government announcements from 2020 regarding entry restrictions for foreign nationals during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly those with work residence permits.

Harper J found that the husband had not demonstrated a sufficiently clear reason why he could not travel to Australia for the hearing. The Court was not satisfied that there was a real risk of him being unable to re-enter China, noting that a later announcement in 2020 permitted foreign nationals with valid work residence permits to re-enter China after a specified date, and there was no evidence this had been revoked. Furthermore, the Court considered that the physical presence of the husband would avoid the technical difficulties experienced in the first tranche of the trial and would better facilitate the process of putting numerous documents to him in cross-examination. The husband's argument regarding the risk of contracting COVID-19 while quarantining in Australia was deemed too contingent.

Accordingly, the Court refused the First Respondent Husband's request to attend the final hearing commencing on 28 June 2021 by electronic communication.

Orders

Orders of the court

SYC 196 of 2017

BETWEEN:

MS WEI

Applicant

AND:

MR XIA

First Respondent

MR B XIA

Second Respondent

MS SIANG

Third Respondent

ORDER MADE BY:

HARPER J

DATE OF ORDER:

18 MAY 2021

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1. The request of the First Respondent Husband to attend the final hearing commencing on 28 June 2021 by electronic communication be refused.

Note: The form of the order is subject to the entry in the Court’s records.

Note: This copy of the Court’s Reasons for judgment may be subject to review to remedy minor typographical or grammatical errors (r 17.02A(b) of the Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth)), or to record a variation to the order pursuant to 17.02 Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth).

Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

In accordance with that leave, the wife filed an affidavit sworn by herself, an affidavit of a registered migration agent, Ms AA, and an affidavit of a solicitor, Ms BB, experienced in assisting Chinese and Australian nationals in migration matters. All of these affidavits were sworn and filed on 14 May 2021.DISCUSSION OF THE EVIDENCE AVAILBLE TO THE COURT The Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth) disclose a clear predisposition for parties to attend in person at Court events. Rule 12.11 provides that a party must attend “each procedural hearing, case assessment conference or conciliation conference” (Rule 12.11(1)). Non-attendance by a respondent may result in orders being made, including dismissal or hearing on an undefended basis (Rule 12.13(2)). Rule 16.07(1) provides that “[e]ach party to an application set down for hearing on the first day before the Judge must attend in person”. Nonetheless, Rule 16.05 clearly permits a party to apply to attend by electronic communication. This is a dispensation which lies in the discretion of the Court. The onus lies on the party making such request to persuade the Court that the discretion should be exercised in his favour. I note that Rule 16.05(3) requires the party seeking to attend by electronic communication to file an affidavit which, among other things, sets out the kind of electronic communication to be used, the place from which evidence will be given, the facilities at that location, and whether the other parties object. It is also necessary for the applicant to address the matters in Rule 16.06(1) which include, where evidence is to be given electronically from a foreign country, including China, whether permission is needed from government of the foreign country. It is clear from the husband's evidence that he does not contend there would be any difficulty for him leaving China and travelling to Australia for the purpose of the resumed hearing. His primary argument is that he would be unable, potentially, to re-enter China when the trial was finished and he therefore faces the prospect of being separated from his family. The husband is an Australian citizen. There was no dispute that he currently lives and works in China. He lives there with his family. He has a wife and two young children in China and he has been resident in that country since 1 February 2020. There was also no dispute that, although he is a foreign national, he lives in China on the basis of a Residence Permit No … which is valid until 12 November 2023 and which issued on 20 November 2018. His Residence Permit specifies that the “Purpose of Residence” in China is "Work" (husband’s affidavit filed 9 May 2021, Annexure “A”). The husband relied upon two announcements made by the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Immigration Administration of China in 2020 during the height of the Covid-19 pandemic. The first was a notice dated 26 March 2020 in which the Ministry of Foreign Affairs announced the temporary suspension of entry to China by foreign nationals holding either a Visa or Residence Permit which was valid as at the date of the announcement, that is, 26 March 2020, but only effective from 28 March 2020 (husband’s affidavit filed 9 May 2021, Annexure “B”). The second announcement was dated 23 September 2020. This announcement was also made jointly by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the National Immigration Administration. This announcement varied the announcement of 26 March 2020 by stipulating that foreign nationals holding a valid residence permit for work could re-enter China after 28 September 2020 (affidavit of Ms AA filed 14 May 2021, Annexure “C”). There was no evidence that the second announcement has been revoked or varied in any way.

Decision

Reasons for decision

The husband also argued that he was at risk of contracting Covid-19 whilst quarantining in Australia. He argued that if this happened then he would inevitably be required to give his evidence by electronic means anyway. That may be so, but if that eventuality came to pass, the husband would at least be giving evidence from another location in Sydney rather than from China, which may enable to Court to make orders or directions which have a greater chance of ameliorating technical problems. In any event this scenario is too contingent in my view to constitute a sufficient reason for the husband to be permitted to remain in China and give his evidence electronically from that country.CONCLUSION I am not satisfied that the husband has demonstrated any sufficiently clear reason why he cannot travel to Australia for the purpose of giving his evidence at the resumed hearing in person. I am not satisfied that he has demonstrated there is a real risk that he would be unable to re-enter China at the conclusion of the resumed hearing. On the evidence I am not satisfied the many technical difficulties experienced in the first tranche of the trial will be overcome, and if they are not, the trial may not be completed in the time allocated. The physical presence of the husband at the trial will avoid any such problem. It will also avoid or at least attenuate the obvious problems in the process of putting numerous documents to him in cross-examination. Accordingly I propose to decline his application to give evidence by electronic communication.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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