Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 (Cth)
Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011
made under Section 12 of the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018
Compilation: 2 (up to and including Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument 2021 (No.2))
Compilation Date: 30/11/2021
Volume 1 contains Clauses 0.1-6 and the Compilation Notes
Volume 2 contains Appendix A
Compiled by: Vehicle Safety Policy and Partnerships, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications
CONTENTS
0.1 NAME OF STANDARD
0.2 COMMENCEMENT
1. SCOPE
2. APPLICABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
3. DEFINITIONS
4. REQUIREMENTS
5. EXEMPTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES
6. ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS
COMPILATION NOTES
APPENDIX A 2
0.1 NAME OF STANDARD [see Note 1]
0.1.1 This Standard is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011.
0.1.2 This Standard may also be cited as ADR 79/04.
0.2 COMMENCEMENT [see Note 1]
0.2.1 This Standard commences on the day after it is registered.
SCOPE
1.1.This vehicle standard prescribes the exhaust and evaporative emissions requirements for light vehicles in order to reduce air pollution.
APPLICABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION
2.1.This vehicle standard is applicable to all M and N category vehicles with a Gross Vehicle Mass less than or equal to 3.5 tonnes, notwithstanding the reference mass provisions of paragraph 1.1 of Appendix A.
2.2.This vehicle standard applies from 1 November 2016 in relation to vehicles produced with a ‘Date of Manufacture’ on or after 1 November 2016.
2.3.To the extent of any inconsistency, the applicability date specified in clause 2.2 applies in lieu of any dates specified in Appendix A.
DEFINITIONS
3.1.For the purposes of clause 2.2, ‘date of manufacture’ means, for a road vehicle entered onto the Register of Approved Vehicles under the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018, the date of that entry. Otherwise, the date the vehicle is available in Australia in a condition that will enable an ‘Identification Plate’ to be lawfully affixed to the vehicle.
REQUIREMENTS
4.1.Vehicles which comply with the emissions limits and technical requirements of Appendix A, including all the applicable tests specified in paragraph 5.2 of Appendix A, and as varied by Part 5 of this vehicle standard, will be accepted as complying with this vehicle standard.
EXEMPTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES
5.1.The following provisions of Appendix A do not apply to this vehicle standard:
Section 3 Application for Approval
Section 4 Approval
Section 6 Modifications of the vehicle type
Section 8 Conformity of production
Section 9 In-service conformity
Section 10 Penalties for non-conformity of production
Section 11 Production definitely discontinued
Section 12 Transitional provisions
Section 13 Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of administrative departments
Appendix 1 Procedure for verifying the conformity of production requirements if the production standard deviation given by the manufacturer is satisfactory
Appendix 2 Procedure for verifying the conformity of production requirements if the production standard deviation given by the manufacturer is either not satisfactory or not available
Appendix 3 In-service conformity check
Appendix 4 Statistical procedure for in-service conformity check
Appendix 5 Responsibilities for in service conformity
Annex 1 Engine and vehicle characteristics and information concerning the conduct of tests
Annex 2 Communication
Annex 3 Arrangements of the Approval Mark
5.2.In section 5 of Appendix A, the entire text regarding small volume manufacturers immediately following the heading “5. Specifications and tests” is deleted.
5.3.Notwithstanding that Section 8 and 9 and Appendices 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 of Appendix A have been declared not applicable in clause 5.1 of this vehicle standard, the requirements and procedures set out in these appendices are deemed acceptable for the purposes of demonstrating compliance with the conformity requirements of this vehicle standard.
5.4.For the purposes of the Type VI test specified in paragraph 5.3.5 of Appendix A, flex fuel ethanol vehicles that meet the applicable hydrocarbon (HC) emission limit for N1 Class III vehicles in column L2 of the table to paragraph 5.3.5.2 of Appendix A when tested on the ethanol (E75) reference fuel in paragraph 2 of Annex 10 of Appendix A, shall be deemed to meet the HC emission limit for this test on ethanol.
5.5.In Table A to paragraph 5.2 of Appendix A, footnote 3 is amended to read “The ethanol (E75) reference fuel specified in paragraph 2 of Annex 10 of Appendix A shall be used for this test.”
5.6.The Ethanol (E75) reference fuel specification in paragraph 2 of Annex 10 of Appendix A is amended to read:
Type: Ethanol (E75)
| Parameter | Unit | Limits1 | Test method2 | ||
| Minimum | Maximum | ||||
| Research octane number, RON | 95.0 | - | EN ISO 5164 | ||
| Motor octane number, MON | 85.0 | - | EN ISO 5163 | ||
| Density at 15 °C | kg/m3 | Report | ISO 12185 | ||
| Vapour pressure | kPa | 50.0 | 60.0 | EN ISO 13016-1 (DVPE) | |
| Sulphur content3, 4 | mg/kg | - | 10 | EN ISO 20846 | |
| Oxidation stability | minutes | 360 | EN ISO 7536 | ||
| Existent gum content (solvent washed) | mg/(100 ml) | - | 4 | EN ISO 6246 | |
| Appearance This shall be determined at ambient temperature or 15 °C whichever is higher. | Clear and bright, visibly free of suspended or precipitated contaminants | Visual inspection | |||
| Ethanol and higher alcohols7 | % V/V | 70 | 80 | EN 1601 | |
| Higher alcohols (C3-C8) | % V/V | - | 2.0 | ||
| Methanol | % V/V | 0.5 | |||
| Petrol5 | % V/V | Balance | EN 228 | ||
| Phosphorus | mg/l | 0.36 | EN 15487 | ||
| Water content | % V/V | 0.3 | ASTM E 1064 | ||
| Inorganic chloride content | mg/l | 1 | ISO 6227 - EN 15492 | ||
| pHe | 6.50 | 9.0 | ASTM D 6423 | ||
| Copper strip corrosion | Rating | Class 1 | EN ISO 2160 | ||
| Acidity, (as acetic acid CH3COOH) | % m/m | - | 0.005 | ASTM D 1613 | |
| Carbon/hydrogen ratio | report | ||||
| Carbon/oxygen ratio | report | ||||
| 1 The values quoted in the specifications are "true values". In establishment of their limit values the terms of ISO 4259 Petroleum products - Determination and application of precision data in relation to methods of test have been applied. When fixing a minimum value, a minimum difference of 2R above zero was taken into account. When fixing a maximum and minimum value, the minimum difference used was 4R (R = reproducibility). Notwithstanding this procedure, which is necessary for technical reasons, fuel manufacturers shall aim for a zero value where the stipulated maximum value is 2R and for the mean value for quotations of maximum and minimum limits. Where it is necessary to clarify whether fuel meets the requirements of the specifications, the terms of ISO 4259 shall be applied. 2 In cases of dispute, the procedures for resolving the dispute and interpretation of the results based on test method precision, described in EN ISO 4259 shall be used. 3 In cases of national dispute concerning sulphur content, either EN ISO 20846 or EN ISO 20884 shall be called up similar to the reference in the national annex of EN 228. 4 The actual sulphur content of the fuel used for the Type VI Test shall be reported. 5 The unleaded petrol content can be determined as 100 minus the sum of the percentage content of water and alcohols. 6 There shall be no intentional addition of compounds containing phosphorus, iron, manganese, or lead to this reference fuel. 7 Ethanol to meet specification of EN 15376 is the only oxygenate that shall be intentionally added to this reference fuel. | |||||
5.7.For the purposes of calculating the Lambda value when tested at ‘high idle speed’ in accordance with Paragraph 5.3.7.3. of Appendix A on the ethanol (E75) reference fuel in paragraph 2 of Annex 10 of Appendix A:
- the Atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon shall be 2.61; and
- the Atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon shall be 0.329.
5.8.For the purposes of determining the total mass of Hydrocarbons emitted in accordance with paragraph 6.6.2. of Annex 4a of Appendix A, when tested on the ethanol (E75) reference fuel in paragraph 2 of Annex 10 of Appendix A, the density shall be 0.886 g/l.
5.9.For the purposes of determining the correction for dilution air concentration in accordance with paragraph 6.6.4 of Annex 4a of Appendix A, when tested on the ethanol (E75) reference fuel in paragraph 2 of Annex 10 of Appendix A, the dilution factor shall be calculated as follows:
ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS
6.1.The technical requirements of United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No. 83 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emissions of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements, Revision 4, incorporating the 06 series of Amendments, are deemed to be equivalent to the technical requirements of this vehicle standard.
COMPILATION NOTES – NOTE 1
This compilation of Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 includes all the instruments set out in the Table of Instruments. The Table of Amendments provides a history of clauses that have been amended, inserted or deleted.
Table of Instruments
| Name of Instrument | Registration Date | Commencement Date |
| Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 | 05/10/2011 (see F2011L02016) | 06/10/2011 |
| Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 Amendment 1 | 15/05/2012 (see F2012L01035) | 16/05/2012 |
| Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument 2021 (No.2) | 29/11/2021 (see F2021L01629) | 30/11/2021 |
Table of Amendments
| Clause affected | How affected | Amending instrument |
| 5.4. | ad | Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 Amendment 1 |
| 5.5. | ad | Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 Amendment 1 |
| 5.6. | ad | Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 Amendment 1 |
| 5.7. | ad | Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 Amendment 1 |
| 5.8. | ad | Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 Amendment 1 |
| 5.9. | ad | Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011 Amendment 1 |
| 3.1 | rr | Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument 2021 (No.2) |
| Appendix A | rr | Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument 2021 (No.2) |
ad = added or inserted
am = amended
del = deleted or removed
rr = removed and replaced
à = clause renumbered. This takes the format of old no. à new no.
Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 79/04 — Emission Control for Light Vehicles) 2011
made under Section 12 of the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018
Compilation: 2 (up to and including Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule) Amendment Instrument 2021 (No.2))
Compilation Date: 30/11/2021
Volume 1 contains Clauses 0.1–6 and the Compilation Notes
Volume 2 contains Appendix A
Compiled by: Vehicle Safety, Policy and Partnerships, Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications
VEHICLE STANDARD (AUSTRALIAN DESIGN RULE 79/04 — EMISSION CONTROL FOR LIGHT VEHICLES) 2011
APPENDIX A
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe Regulation No. 83 Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements, Revision 4, incorporating the 06 series of amendments
Note
Certain clauses of this Appendix A have been amended from the published UN ECE Regulation 83/06 by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications as indicated in the table below.
| Clause | Amendment |
| Section 2, paragraph 2.5.1 | The words “23 mm diameter” amended to read “23 nm diameter” |
| Annex 11, paragraph 3.3.3.1 | The sentence “By way of derogation the requirement of monitoring the reduction in the efficiency of the catalytic converter with respect to NOx emissions shall only apply from the dates set out in paragraph 12.1.4.” is deleted. |
| Annex 11 – Appendix 1, paragraphs 7.1.6 and 7.1.7 | References to “paragraph 3.6” amended to read “paragraph 7.6”. |
| Annex 11 – Appendix 1, paragraph 7.3.1 | References to “paragraph 3.5” and “paragraph 3.7” amended to read “paragraph 7.5” and “paragraph 7.7” respectively. |
| Annex 11 – Appendix 1, paragraph 7.3.2 | Reference to “paragraph 3.3.1” amended to read “paragraph 7.3.1” |
| Annex 11 – Appendix 1, paragraph 7.6.5 | Reference to “paragraphs 3.2 and 3.3” amended to read “paragraphs 7.2 and 7.3”. Reference to “paragraphs 3.4 and 3.5” amended to read “paragraphs 7.4 and 7.5”. |
| Annex 11 – Appendix 1, paragraph 7.7.4 | Reference to “paragraph 3.5” amended to read “paragraph 7.5”. |
Agreement
Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions*
(Revision 2, including the amendments which entered into force on 16 October 1995)
_______________
Addendum 82: Regulation No. 83
Revision 4
Incorporating all valid text up to:
Corrigendum 1 to Revision 3 - Erratum (English and Russian only)
Corrigendum 2 to Revision 3 - Erratum (French only)
Supplement 6 to the 05 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 2 February 2007
Corrigendum 1 to Revision 3 - Date of entry into force: 14 November 2007
Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 6 to the 05 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 25 June 2008
Supplement 7 to the 05 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 26 February 2009
Supplement 8 to the 05 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 22 July 2009
Supplement 9 to the 05 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 17 March 2010
06 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 9 December 2010
Corrigendum 1 to Supplement 7 to the 05 series of amendments - Date of entry into force: 23 December 2010
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements
_________
UNITED NATIONS
Regulation No. 83
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of vehicles with regard to the emission of pollutants according to engine fuel requirements
Contents
1. Scope........................................................................................................................................................ 6
2. Definitions............................................................................................................................................... 6
3. Application for approval...................................................................................................................... 10
4. Approval.................................................................................................................................................. 12
5. Specifications and tests........................................................................................................................ 14
6. Modifications of the vehicle type....................................................................................................... 26
7. Extensions to type approvals.............................................................................................................. 26
8. Conformity of production (COP)........................................................................................................ 29
9. In-service conformity............................................................................................................................ 33
10. Penalties for non-conformity of production..................................................................................... 37
11. Production definitely discontinued..................................................................................................... 37
12. Transitional provisions.......................................................................................................................... 37
13. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible
for conducting approval tests, and of Administrative Departments............................................ 37
Appendix
1. Procedure for verifying the conformity of production requirements if
the production standard deviation given by the manufacturer is satisfactory.......................... 38
2. Procedure for verifying the conformity of production requirements if
the production standard deviation given by the manufacturer is either
not satisfactory or not available......................................................................................................... 40
3. In-service conformity check................................................................................................................ 43
4. Statistical procedure for in-service conformity testing.................................................................... 47
5. Responsibilities for in-service conformity......................................................................................... 53
6. Requirements for vehicles that use a reagent for the exhaust after-treatment system............ 54
Annexes
1. Engine and vehicle characteristics and information concerning
the conduct of tests............................................................................................................................... 59
Appendix 1: Information on test condition...................................................................................... 72
2. Communication..................................................................................................................................... 74
Appendix 1: OBD related information.............................................................................................. 80
Appendix 2: Manufacturer’s certificate of compliance with the OBD
in-use performance requirements................................................................................. 81
Annexes
3. Arrangements of the approval mark.................................................................................................. 82
4a. Type I Test
(Verifying exhaust emissions after a cold start)............................................................................... 84
1. Applicability
2. Introduction
3. Test conditions
4. Test equipment
5. Determination of vehicle road load
6. Emissions test procedure
Appendix 1: Chassis dynamometer system...................................................................... 107
1. Specification
2. Dynamometer calibration procedure
3. Verification of the load curve
Appendix 2: Exhaust dilution system................................................................................ 111
1. System specification
2. CVS Calibration procedure
3. System verification procedure
Appendix 3: Gaseous emissions measurement equipment............................................ 122
1. Specification
2. Calibration procedures
3. Reference gases
Appendix 4: Particulate mass emissions measurement equipment.............................. 130
1. Specification
2. Calibration and verification procedures
Appendix 5: Particle number emissions measurement equipment............................... 136
1. Specification
2. Calibration/validation of the particle sampling system
Appendix 6: Verification of simulated inertia.................................................................. 144
1. Object
2. Principle
3. Specification
4. Verification procedure
Appendix 7: Measurement of vehicle road load.............................................................. 146
1. Object of the methods
2. Definition of the road
3. Atmospheric conditions
4. Vehicle preparation
5. Methods
5. Type II Test
(Carbon monoxide emission test at idling speed)............................................................................ 152
6. Type III Test
(Verifying emissions of crankcase gases).......................................................................................... 155
Annexes
7. Type IV Test
(Determination of evaporative emissions from vehicles
with positive-ignition engines............................................................................................................... 158
Appendix 1: Calibration of equipment for evaporative emission testing............................... 171
Appendix 2: ....................................................................................................................................... 176
8. Type VI Test
(Verifying the average exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons
after a cold start at low ambient temperature)................................................................................. 177
9. Type V Test
(Description of the endurance test for verifying the durability
of pollution control devices)................................................................................................................ 184
Appendix 1: Standard Bench Cycle (SBC)..................................................................................... 192
Appendix 2: Standard Diesel Bench Cycle (SDBC)...................................................................... 197
Appendix 3: Standard Road Cycle (SRC)...................................................................................... 198
10. Specifications of reference fuels......................................................................................................... 201
1. Specifications of reference fuels for testing vehicles to the emission limits
1.1. Technical data on the reference fuel to be used for testing vehicles equipped
with positive-ignition engines
1.2. Technical data on the reference fuel to be used for testing vehicles equipped
with diesel engine
2. Specifications of reference fuels to be used for testing vehicles equipped with
positive-ignition engines at low ambient temperature - Type VI Test
10a. Specifications of gaseous reference fuels.......................................................................................... 207
1. Specifications of gaseous reference fuels
1.1. Technical data of the LPG reference fuels used for testing vehicles to the emission
limits given in Table 1 in paragraph 5.3.1.4. – Type I Test
11. On-Board diagnostics (OBD) for motor vehicles............................................................................. 208
Appendix 1: Functional aspects of on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems............................... 219
Appendix 2: Essential characteristics of the vehicle family...................................................... 229
12. Granting of an ECE type approval for a vehicle fuelled by LPG or NG/biomethane............... 230
13. Emissions test procedure for a vehicle equipped with a periodically regenerating system....... 233
14. Emissions test procedure for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV).......................................................... 240
Appendix 1: Electrical energy/power storage device State Of Charge (SOC) profile
for OVC HEV Type I Test........................................................................................ 253
1. Scope
This Regulation establishes technical requirements for the type approval of motor vehicles.
In addition, this Regulation lays down rules for in-service conformity, durability of pollution control devices and on-board diagnostic (OBD) systems.
1.1. This Regulation shall apply to vehicles of categories M1, M2, N1 and N2 with a reference mass not exceeding 2,610 kg[1].
At the manufacturer's request, type approval granted under this Regulation may be extended from vehicles mentioned above to M1, M2, N1 and N2 vehicles with a reference mass not exceeding 2,840 kg and which meet the conditions laid down in this Regulation.
2. Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation the following definitions shall apply:
2.1. "Vehicle type" means a group of vehicles that do not differ in the following respects:
2.1.1. The equivalent inertia determined in relation to the reference mass as prescribed in Annex 4a, Table 3; and
2.1.2. The engine and vehicle characteristics as defined in Annex 1;
2.2. "Reference mass" means the "unladen mass" of the vehicle increased by a uniform figure of 100 kg for test according to Annexes 4a and 8;
2.2.1. "Unladen mass" means the mass of the vehicle in running order without the uniform mass of the driver of 75 kg, passengers or load, but with the fuel tank 90 per cent full and the usual set of tools and spare wheel on board, where applicable;
2.2.2."Running order mass" means the mass described in Paragraph 2.6. of Annex 1 to this Regulation and for vehicles designed and constructed for the carriage of more than 9 persons (in addition to the driver), the mass of a crew member (75 kg), if there is a crew seat amongst the nine or more seats.
2.3. "Maximum mass" means the technically permissible maximum mass declared by the vehicle manufacturer (this mass may be greater than the maximum mass authorised by the national administration);
2.4. "Gaseous pollutants" means the exhaust gas emissions of carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen expressed in nitrogen dioxide (NO2) equivalent and hydrocarbons assuming ratio of:
(a) C1H2.525 for liquefied petroleum gas (LPG)
(b) C1H4 for natural gas (NG) and biomethane
(c) C1H1.89O0.016 for petrol (E5)
(d) C1H1.86O0.005 for diesel (B5)
(e) C1H2.74O0.385 for ethanol (E85)
2.5. "Particulate pollutants" means components of the exhaust gas which are removed from the diluted exhaust gas at a maximum temperature of 325 K (52 °C) by means of the filters described in Annex 4a; Appendix 4.
2.5.1."Particle numbers" means the total number of particles of a diameter greater than 23 nm diameter present in the diluted exhaust gas after it has been conditioned to remove volatile material, as described in Annex 4a, Appendix 5.
2.6. "Exhaust emissions" means
• For positive-ignition (P.I.) engines, emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants;
• For compression-ignition (C.I.) engines, emissions of gaseous pollutants, particulate pollutants and particle numbers;
2.7. "Evaporative emissions" means the hydrocarbon vapours lost from the fuel system of a motor vehicle other than those from exhaust emissions;
2.7.1. "Tank breathing losses" are hydrocarbon emissions caused by temperature changes in the fuel tank (assuming a ratio of C1H2.33).
2.7.2. "Hot soak losses" are hydrocarbon emissions arising from the fuel system of a stationary vehicle after a period of driving (assuming a ratio of C1 H2.20 );
2.8. "Engine crankcase" means the spaces in or external to an engine which are connected to the oil sump by internal or external ducts through which gases and vapour can escape;
2.9. "Cold start device" means a device that temporarily enriches the air/fuel mixture of the engine thus assisting the engine to start;
2.10. "Starting aid" means a device which assists engine start up without enrichment of the air/fuel mixture of the engine, e.g. glow plug, injection timing change, etc.;
2.11. "Engine capacity" means:
2.11.1. For reciprocating piston engines, the nominal engine swept volume;
2.11.2. For rotary piston engines (Wankel), twice the nominal swept volume of a combustion chamber per piston;
2.12. "Pollution control devices" means those components of a vehicle that control and/or limit exhaust and evaporative emissions.
2.13. "OBD" means an on-board diagnostic system for emission control, which has the capability of identifying the likely area of malfunction by means of fault codes stored in computer memory;
2.14. "In-service test" means the test and evaluation of conformity conducted in accordance with paragraph 9.2.1 of this Regulation;
2.15. "Properly maintained and used" means, for the purpose of a test vehicle, that such a vehicle satisfies the criteria for acceptance of a selected vehicle laid down in paragraph 2. of Appendix 3 to this Regulation;
2.16. "Defeat device" means any element of design which senses temperature, vehicle speed, engine rotational speed, transmission gear, manifold vacuum or any other parameter for the purpose of activating, modulating, delaying or deactivating the operation of any part of the emission control system, that reduces the effectiveness of the emission control system under conditions which may reasonably be expected to be encountered in normal vehicle operation and use. Such an element of design may not be considered a defeat device if:
2.16.1. The need for the device is justified in terms of protecting the engine against damage or accident and for safe operation of the vehicle; or
2.16.2. The device does not function beyond the requirements of engine starting; or
2.16.3. Conditions are substantially included in the Type I or Type VI test procedures.
2.17. "Family of vehicles" means a group of vehicle types identified by a parent vehicle for the purpose of Annex 12;
2.18. "Fuel requirement by the engine" means the type of fuel normally used by the engine:
(a) Petrol E5);
(b) LPG (liquefied petroleum gas);
(c) NG/biomethane (natural gas);
(d) Either petrol (E5) or LPG;
(e) Either petrol (E5) or NG/biomethane;
(f) Diesel fuel B5);
(g) Mixture of ethanol (E85) and petrol (E5) (Flex fuel)
(h) Mixture of biodiesel and diesel (B5) (Flex fuel)
(i) Hydrogen
(j) Either petrol (E5) or Hydrogen (Bi-fuel)
2.18.1. "Biofuel" means liquid or gaseous fuel for transport, produced from biomass.
2.19. "Approval of a vehicle" means the approval of a vehicle type with regard to the limitation of the following conditions[2]:
2.19.1. Limitation of exhaust emissions by the vehicle, evaporative emissions, crankcase emissions, durability of pollution control devices, cold start pollutant emissions and on-board diagnostics of vehicles fuelled with unleaded petrol, or which can be fuelled with either unleaded petrol and LPG or NG/biomethane or biofuels (Approval B);
2.19.2. Limitation of emissions of gaseous and particulate pollutants, durability of pollution control devices and on-board diagnostics of vehicles fuelled with diesel fuel (Approval C) or which can be fuelled with either diesel fuel and biosuel or biofuel;
2.19.3. Limitation of emissions of gaseous pollutants by the engine, crankcase emissions, durability of pollution control devices, cold start emissions and on-board diagnostics of vehicles fuelled with LPG or NG/biomethane (Approval D);
2.20. "Periodically regenerating system" means an anti-pollution device (e.g. catalytic converter, particulate trap) that requires a periodical regeneration process in less than 4,000 km of normal vehicle operation. During cycles where regeneration occurs, emission standards can be exceeded. If a regeneration of an anti-pollution device occurs at least once per Type I test and that has already regenerated at least once during vehicle preparation cycle, it will be considered as a continuously regenerating system which does not require a special test procedure. Annex 13 does not apply to continuously regenerating systems.
At the request of the manufacturer, the test procedure specific to periodically regenerating systems will not apply to a regenerative device if the manufacturer provides data to the type Approval Authority that, during cycles where regeneration occurs, emissions remain below the standards given in paragraph 5.3.1.4. applied for the concerned vehicle category after agreement of the Technical Service.
2.21. Hybrid vehicles (HV)
2.21.1. General definition of hybrid vehicles (HV):
"Hybrid vehicle (HV)" means a vehicle with at least two different energy converters and two different energy storage systems (on vehicle) for the purpose of vehicle propulsion.
2.21.2. Definition of hybrid electric vehicles (HEV):
"Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV)" means a vehicle that, for the purpose of mechanical propulsion, draws energy from both of the following on-vehicle sources of stored energy/power:
a) A consumable fuel;
b) An electrical energy/power storage device (e.g.: battery, capacitor, flywheel/generator etc.).
2.22. "Mono-fuel vehicle" means a vehicle that is designed to run primarily on one type of fuel;
2.22.1 "Mono-fuel gas vehicle" means a vehicle that is designed primarily for permanent running on LPG or NG/biomethane or hydrogen, but may also have a petrol system for emergency purposes or starting only, where the petrol tank does not contain more than 15 litres of petrol.
2.23. "Bi-fuel vehicle" means a vehicle with two separate fuel storage systems that can run part-time on two different fuels and is designed to run on only one fuel at a time.
2.23.1. "Bi-fuel gas vehicle" means a bi fuel vehicle that can run on petrol and also on either LPG, NG/biomethane or hydrogen.
2.24. "Alternative fuel vehicle" means a vehicle designed to be capable of running on at least one type of fuel that is either gaseous at atmospheric temperature and pressure, or substantially non-mineral oil derived.
2.25. "Flex fuel vehicle" means a vehicle with one fuel storage system that can run on different mixtures of two or more fuels.
2.25.1. "Flex fuel ethanol vehicle" means a flex fuel vehicle that can run on petrol or a mixture of petrol and ethanol up to an 85 per cent ethanol blend (E85).
2.25.2. "Flex fuel biodiesel vehicle" means a flex fuel vehicle that can run on mineral diesel or a mixture of mineral diesel and biodiesel.
2.26. "Vehicles designed to fulfil specific social needs" means diesel vehicles of category M1 which are either:
(a) Special purpose vehicles with reference mass exceeding 2,000 kg[3];
(b) Vehicles with a reference mass exceeding 2,000 kg and designed to carry seven or more occupants including the driver with the exclusion, as from 1 September 2012, of vehicles of category M1G3;
(c) Vehicles with a reference mass exceeding 1,760 kg which are built specifically for commercial purposes to accommodate wheelchair use inside the vehicle.
3. Application for approval
3.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to exhaust emissions, crankcase emissions, evaporative emissions and durability of pollution control devices, as well as to its on-board diagnostic (OBD) system shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his authorized representative to the Approval Authority.
3.1.1. In addition, the manufacturer shall submit the following information:
(a) In the case of vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engines, a declaration by the manufacturer of the minimum percentage of misfires out of a total number of firing events that would either result in emissions exceeding the limits given in paragraph 3.3.2. of Annex 11, if that percentage of misfire had been present from the start of a Type I test as described in Annex 4a to this Regulation, or that could lead to an exhaust catalyst, or catalysts, overheating prior to causing irreversible damage;
(b) Detailed written information fully describing the functional operation characteristics of the OBD system, including a listing of all relevant parts of the emission control system of the vehicle that are monitored by the OBD system;
(c) A description of the malfunction indicator used by the OBD system to signal the presence of a fault to a driver of the vehicle;
(d) A declaration by the manufacturer that the OBD system complies with the provisions of paragraph 7. of Appendix 1 to Annex 11 relating to in-use performance under all reasonably foreseeable driving conditions;
(e) A plan describing the detailed technical criteria and justification for incrementing the numerator and denominator of each monitor that shall fulfil the requirements of paragraphs 7.2. and 7.3. of Appendix 1 to Annex 11, as well as for disabling numerators, denominators and the general denominator under the conditions outlined in paragraph 7.7. of Appendix 1 to Annex XI;
(f) A description of the provisions taken to prevent tampering with and modification of the emission control computer;
(g) If applicable, the particulars of the vehicle family as referred to in Appendix 2 to Annex 11;
h) Where appropriate, copies of other type approvals with the relevant data to enable extension of approvals and establishment of deterioration factors.
3.1.2. For the tests described in paragraph 3. of Annex 11, a vehicle representative of the vehicle type or vehicle family fitted with the OBD system to be approved shall be submitted to the Technical Service responsible for the type approval test. Il the Technical Service determines that the submitted vehicle does not fully represent the vehicle type or vehicle family described in Annex 11, Appendix 2, an alternative and if necessary an additional vehicle shall be submitted for test in accordance with paragraph 3. of Annex.11.
3.2. A model of the information document relating to exhaust emissions, evaporative emissions, durability and the on-board diagnostic (OBD) system is given in Annex 1. The information mentioned under paragraph 3.2.12.2.7.6. of Annex 1 is to be included in Appendix 1 "OBD - RELATED INFORMATION" to the type-approval communication given in Annex 2.
3.2.1. Where appropriate, copies of other type approvals with the relevant data to enable extensions of approvals and establishment of deterioration factors shall be submitted.
3.3. For the tests described in paragraph 5. of this Regulation a vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the Technical Service responsible for the approval tests.
3.4.1. The application referred to in paragraph 3.1. shall be drawn up in accordance with the model of the information document set out in Annex 1.
3.4.2. For the purposes of paragraph 3.1.1.(d), the manufacturer shall use the model of a manufacturer's certificate of compliance with the OBD in-use performance requirements set out in Appendix 2 of Annex 2.
3.4.3. For the purposes of paragraph 3.1.1.(e), the Approval Authority that grants the approval shall make the information referred to in that point available to the approval authorities upon request.
3.4.5. For the purposes of points (d) and (e) of paragraph 3.1.1., approval authorities shall not approve a vehicle if the information submitted by the manufacturer is inappropriate for fulfilling the requirements of paragraph 7. of Appendix 1 to Annex 11. Paragraphs 7.2., 7.3. and 7.7. of Appendix 1 to Annex 11 shall apply under all reasonably foreseeable driving conditions. For the assessment of the implementation of the requirements set out in the first and second subparagraphs, the approval authorities shall take into account the state of technology.
3.4.6. For the purposes of paragraph 3.1.1.(f), the provisions taken to prevent tampering with and modification of the emission control computer shall include the facility for updating using a manufacturer-approved programme or calibration.
3.4.7. For the tests specified in Table A, the manufacturer shall submit to the Technical Service responsible for the type approval tests a vehicle representative of the type to be approved.
3.4.8. The application for type approval of flex-fuel vehicles shall comply with the additional requirements laid down in paragraphs 4.9.1 and 4.9.2.
3.4.9. Changes to the make of a system, component or separate technical unit that occur after a type approval shall not automatically invalidate a type approval, unless its original characteristics or technical parameters are changed in such a way that the functionality of the engine or pollution control system is affected.
4. Approval
4.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval following this amendment meets the requirements of paragraph 5. below, approval of that vehicle type shall be granted.
4.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved.
Its first two digits shall indicate the series of amendments according to which the approval was granted. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another vehicle type.
4.3. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.
4.3.1. In the event of amendment to the present text, for example, if new limit values are prescribed, the Parties to the Agreement shall be informed which vehicle types already approved comply with the new provisions.
4.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a vehicle type approved under this Regulation, an international approval mark consisting of:
4.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country that has granted approval[4].
4.4.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle described in paragraph 4.4.1.
4.4.3. The approval mark shall contain an additional character after the type approval number, the purpose of which is to distinguish vehicle category and class for which the approval has been granted. This letter should be chosen according to the Table 1 in Annex 3 to this Regulation.
4.5. If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more other Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1. need not be repeated; in such a case, the Regulation and approval numbers and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which approval has been granted in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 4.4.1.
4.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
4.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate.
4.8. Annex 3 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of the approval mark.
4.9. Additional requirements for approval of flex fuel vehicles
4.9.1. For the type approval of a flex fuel ethanol or biodiesel vehicle, the vehicle manufacturer shall describe the capability of the vehicle to adapt to any mixture of petrol and ethanol fuel (up to an 85 per cent ethanol blend) or diesel and biodiesel that may occur across the market.
4.9.2. For flex fuel vehicles, the transition from one reference fuel to another between the tests shall take place without manual adjustment of the engine settings.
4.10. Requirements for approval regarding the OBD system
4.10.1. The manufacturer shall ensure that all vehicles are equipped with an OBD system.
4.10.2. The OBD system shall be designed, constructed and installed on a vehicle so as to enable it to identify types of deterioration or malfunction over the entire life of the vehicle.
4.10.3. The OBD system shall comply with the requirements of this Regulation during conditions of normal use.
4.10.4. When tested with a defective component in accordance with Appendix 1 of Annex 11, the OBD system malfunction indicator shall be activated. The OBD system malfunction indicator may also activate during this test at levels of emissions below the OBD threshold limits specified in Annex 11.
4.10.5. The manufacturer shall ensure that the OBD system complies with the requirements for in-use performance set out in paragraph 7. of Appendix 1 to Annex 11 of this Regulation under all reasonably foreseeable driving conditions.
4.10.6. In-use performance related data to be stored and reported by a vehicle's OBD system according to the provisions of item 7.6. of Appendix 1 to Annex 11 shall be made readily available by the manufacturer to national authorities and independent operators without any encryption.
5. Specifications and tests
Small volume manufacturers
As an alternative to the requirements of this paragraph, vehicle manufacturers whose world-wide annual production is less than 10,000 units may obtain approval on the basis of the corresponding technical requirements specified in the table below.
Legislative Act Requirements The California Code of Regulations, Title 13, paragraphs 1961(a) and 1961(b)(1)(C)(1) applicable to 2001 and later model year vehicles, 1968.1, 1968.2, 1968.5, 1976 and 1975, published by Barclay's Publishing.
Type approval shall be granted under the California Code of Regulations applicable to the most recent model year of light duty vehicle.
The emissions tests for roadworthiness purposes set out in Annex 5 and the requirements for access to vehicle OBD information set out in paragraph 5. of Annex 11 shall still be required to obtain type approval with regard to emissions under this paragraph.
The Approval Authority shall inform the other approval authorities of Contracting Parties of the circumstances of each type approval granted under this paragraph.
5.1. General
5.1.1. The components liable to affect the emission of pollutants shall be so designed, constructed and assembled as to enable the vehicle, in normal use, despite the vibration to which they may be subjected, to comply with the provisions of this Regulation.
5.1.2. The technical measures taken by the manufacturer shall be such as to ensure that in conformity with the provisions of this Regulation, exhaust gas and evaporative emissions are effectively limited throughout the normal life of the vehicle and under normal conditions of use. This will include the security of those hoses and their joints and connections, used within the emission control systems, which shall be so constructed as to conform with the original design intent. For exhaust emissions, these provisions are deemed to be met if the provisions of paragraphs 5.3.1.4. and 8.2.3.1. respectively are complied with. For evaporative emissions, these conditions are deemed to be met if the provisions of paragraphs 5.3.1.4. and 8.2.3.1. respectively are complied with.
5.1.2.1. The use of a defeat device is prohibited.
5.1.3. Inlet orifices of petrol tanks
5.1.3.1. Subject to paragraph 5.1.3.2., the inlet orifice of the petrol or ethanol tank shall be so designed as to prevent the tank from being filled from a fuel pump delivery nozzle which has an external diameter of 23.6 mm or greater.
5.1.3.2. Paragraph 5.1.3.1. shall not apply to a vehicle in respect of which both of the following conditions are satisfied, i.e.:
5.1.3.2.1. The vehicle is so designed and constructed that no device designed to control the emission of gaseous pollutants shall be adversely affected by leaded petrol; and
5.1.3.2.2. The vehicle is conspicuously, legibly and indelibly marked with the symbol for unleaded petrol, specified in ISO 2575:1982, in a position immediately visible to a person filling the petrol tank. Additional markings are permitted.
5.1.4. Provision shall be made to prevent excess evaporative emissions and fuel spillage caused by a missing fuel filler cap.
This may be achieved by using one of the following:
5.1.4.1. An automatically opening and closing, non-removable fuel filler cap;
5.1.4.2. Design features which avoid excess evaporative emissions in the case of a missing fuel filler cap;
5.1.4.3. Any other provision which has the same effect. Examples may include, but are not limited to, a tethered filler cap, a chained filler cap or one utilising the same locking key for the filler cap as for the vehicle's ignition. In this case, the key shall be removable from the filler cap only in the locked condition.
5.1.5. Provisions for electronic system security
5.1.5.1. Any vehicle with an emission control computer shall include features to deter modification, except as authorised by the manufacturer. The manufacturer shall authorise modifications if these modifications are necessary for the diagnosis, servicing, inspection, retrofitting or repair of the vehicle. Any reprogrammable computer codes or operating parameters shall be resistant to tampering and afford a level of protection at least as good as the provisions in ISO DIS 15031-7, dated October 1998 (SAE J2186 dated October 1996), provided that the security exchange is conducted using the protocols and diagnostic connector as prescribed in paragraph 6.5. of Annex II, Appendix 1. Any removable calibration memory chips shall be potted, encased in a sealed container or protected by electronic algorithms and shall not be changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures.
5.1.5.2. Computer-coded engine operating parameters shall not be changeable without the use of specialised tools and procedures (e. g. soldered or potted computer components or sealed (or soldered) computer enclosures).
5.1.5.3. In the case of mechanical fuel-injection pumps fitted to compression-ignition engines, manufacturers shall take adequate steps to protect the maximum fuel delivery setting from tampering while a vehicle is in service.
5.1.5.4. Manufacturers may apply to the Approval Authority for an exemption to one of these requirements for those vehicles which are unlikely to require protection. The criteria that the Approval Authority will evaluate in considering an exemption will include, but are not limited to, the current availability of performance chips, the high-performance capability of the vehicle and the projected sales volume of the vehicle.
5.1.5.5. Manufacturers using programmable computer code systems (e.g. Electrical Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory, EEPROM) shall deter unauthorised reprogramming. Manufacturers shall include enhanced tamper protection strategies and write protect features requiring electronic access to an off-site computer maintained by the manufacturer. Methods giving an adequate level of tamper protection will be approved by the authority.
5.1.6. It shall be possible to inspect the vehicle for roadworthiness test in order to determine its performance in relation to the data collected in accordance with paragraph 5.3.7. of this Regulation. If this inspection requires a special procedure, this shall be detailed in the service manual (or equivalent media). This special procedure shall not require the use of special equipment other than that provided with the vehicle.
5.2. Test procedure
Table A illustrates the various possibilities for type approval of a vehicle.
5.2.1. Positive ignition engine-powered vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles equipped with a positive-ignition engine shall be subject to the following tests:
Type I (verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start);
Type II (carbon monoxide emission at idling speed);
Type III (emission of crankcase gases);
Type IV (evaporation emissions);
Type V (durability of anti-pollution devices);
Type VI (verifying the average low ambient temperature carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon exhaust emissions after a cold start);
OBD-test.
5.2.2. Positive ignition engine-powered vehicle and hybrid electric vehicles equipped with positive-ignition engine fuelled with LPG or NG/biomethane (mono or bi-fuel) shall be subjected to the following tests (according to Table A):
Type I (verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start);
Type II (carbon monoxide emissions at idling speed);
Type III (emission of crankcase gases);
Type IV (evaporative emissions), where applicable;
Type V (durability of anti-pollution devices);
Type VI (verifying the average low ambient temperature carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon exhaust emissions after a cold start), where applicable,
OBD test.
5.2.3. Compression ignition engine-powered vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles equipped with a compression ignition engine shall be subject to the following tests:
Type I (verifying the average exhaust emissions after a cold start);
Type V (durability of anti-pollution control devices);
OBD test.
Table A. Requirements
Application of test requirements for type approval and extensions
| Vehicles with positive ignition engines including hybrids | Vehicles with C.I. engines including hybrids | |||||||||
| Mono fuel | Bi fuel1 | Flex fuel1 | Flex fuel | Mono fuel | ||||||
| Reference fuel | Petrol (E5) | LPG | NG/ Biomethane | Hydrogen | Petrol (E5) | Petrol (E5) | Petrol (E5) | Petrol (E5) | Diesel (B5) | Diesel (B5) |
| LPG | NG/ Biomethane | Hydrogen | Ethanol (E85) | Biodiesel | ||||||
| Gaseous pollutants (Type I test) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (both fuels) | Yes (both fuels) | Yes (petrol only) (2) | Yes (both fuels) | Yes (B5 only)2 | Yes | |
| Particulates (Type I test) | Yes (direct injection) | - | - | Yes (direct injection) (petrol only) | Yes (direct injection) | Yes (direct injection) | Yes (direct injection) | Yes (B5 only)2 | Yes | |
| Idle emissions (Type II test) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (both fuels) | Yes (both fuels) | Yes (petrol only) 2 | Yes (both fuels) | - | - | |
| Crankcase emissions (Type III test) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (petrol only) | Yes (petrol only) | Yes (petrol only) 2 | Yes (petrol) | - | - | |
| Evaporative emissions (Type IV test) | Yes | - | - | Yes (petrol only) | Yes (petrol only) | Yes (petrol only) 2 | Yes (petrol) | - | - | |
| Durability (Type V test) | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (petrol only) | Yes (petrol only) | Yes (petrol only) (2) | Yes (petrol) | Yes (B5 only)2 | Yes | |
| Low temperature emissions (Type VI test) | Yes | - | - | Yes (petrol only) | Yes (petrol only) | Yes (petrol only) 2 | Yes (both fuels)3 | - | - | |
| In-service conformity | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes (petrol only) 2 | Yes | Yes (B5 only)2 | Yes | |
| On-board diagnostics | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | |
When a bi fuel vehicle is combined with a flex fuel vehicle, both test requirements are applicable.
This provision is temporary, further requirements for biodiesel and hydrogen shall be proposed later on.
For this test, fuel applicable to low ambient temperatures should be used. In the absence of a winter grade reference fuel specification, the applicable winter grade fuel for this test should be agreed between the Approval Authority and the manufacturer according to the existing market specifications. Development of a reference fuel for this application is underway.
5.3. Description of tests
5.3.1. Type I test (Simulating the average exhaust emissions after a cold start).
5.3.1.1. Figure 1 illustrates the routes for Type I test. This test shall be carried out on all vehicles referred to in paragraph 1.and its sub-paragraphs.
5.3.1.2. The vehicle is placed on a chassis dynamometer equipped with a means of load and inertia simulation.
5.3.1.2.1. A test lasting a total of 19 minutes and 40 seconds, made up of two parts, One and Two, is performed without interruption. An unsampled period of not more than 20 seconds may, with the agreement of the manufacturer, be introduced between the end of Part One and the beginning of Part Two in order to facilitate adjustment of the test equipment.
5.3.1.2.1.1. Vehicles that are fuelled with LPG or NG/biomethane shall be tested in the Type I test for variation in the composition of LPG or NG/biomethane, as set out in Annex 12. Vehicles that can be fuelled either with petrol or LPG or NG/biomethane shall be tested on both the fuels, tests on LPG or NG/biomethane being performed for variation in the composition of LPG or NG/biomethane, as set out in Annex 12.
5.3.1.2.1.2. Notwithstanding the requirement of paragraph 5.3.1.2.1.1., vehicles that can be fuelled with either petrol or a gaseous fuel, but where the petrol system is fitted for emergency purposes or starting only and which the petrol tank cannot contain more than 15 litres of petrol will be regarded for the test Type I as vehicles that can only run on a gaseous fuel.
5.3.1.2.2. Part One of the test is made up of four elementary urban cycles. Each elementary urban cycle comprises fifteen phases (idling, acceleration, steady speed, deceleration, etc.).
5.3.1.2.3. Part Two of the test is made up of one extra-urban cycle. The extra-urban cycle comprises 13 phases (idling, acceleration, steady speed, deceleration, etc.).
5.3.1.2.4. During the test, the exhaust gases are diluted and a proportional sample collected in one or more bags. The exhaust gases of the vehicle tested are diluted, sampled and analysed, following the procedure described below, and the total volume of the diluted exhaust is measured. Not only the carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxide emissions but also the particulate pollutant emissions from vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines are recorded.
5.3.1.3. The test is carried out using the procedure of Type I test as described in Annex 4a. The method used to collect and analyse the gases is prescribed in Appendix 2 and 3 of Annex 4a, and the method to sample and analyse the particulates shall be as prescribed in Appendix 4 and 5 of Annex 4a.
5.3.1.4. Subject to the requirements of paragraph 5.3.1.5. the test shall be repeated three times. The results are multiplied by the appropriate deterioration factors obtained from paragraph 5.3.6. and, in the case of periodically regenerating systems as defined in paragraph 2.20., also must be multiplied by the factors Ki obtained from Annex 13. The resulting masses of gaseous emissions and, in the case of vehicles equipped with compression-ignition engines, the mass of particulates obtained in each test shall be less than the limits shown in the Table 1 below:
Table 1
Emissions limit
| Limit values | ||||||||||||||||
| Reference mass(RM) (kg) | Mass of carbon monoxide (CO) | Mass of total hydrocarbons (THC) | Mass of non- methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) | Mass of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) | Combined mass of hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen (THC + NOx) | Mass of particulate matter (PM) | Number of particles (P) | |||||||||
| L1 (mg/km) | L2 (mg/km) | L3 (mg/km) | L4 (mg/km) | L2 + L3 (mg/km) | L5 (mg/km) | L6 (number/km) | ||||||||||
| Category | Class | PI | CI | PI | CI | PI | CI | PI | CI | PI | CI | PI 1 | CI | PI | CI | |
| M | - | All | 1,000 | 500 | 100 | - | 68 | - | 60 | 180 | - | 230 | 4.5 | 4.5 | - | 6.0 x 1011 |
| N1 | I | RM ≤ 1,305 | 1,000 | 500 | 100 | - | 68 | - | 60 | 180 | - | 230 | 4.5 | 4.5 | - | 6.0 x 1011 |
| II | 1,305 < RM ≤ 1,760 | 1,810 | 630 | 130 | - | 90 | - | 75 | 235 | - | 295 | 4.5 | 4.5 | - | 6.0 x 1011 | |
| III | 1,760 < RM | 2,270 | 740 | 160 | - | 108 | - | 82 | 280 | - | 350 | 4.5 | 4.5 | - | 6.0 x 1011 | |
| N2 | - | All | 2,270 | 740 | 160 | - | 108 | - | 82 | 280 | - | 350 | 4.5 | 4.5 | - | 6.0 x 1011 |
| Key: PI = Positive Ignition, CI = Compression Ignition | ||||||||||||||||
| (1) Positive ignition particulate mass standard shall apply only to vehicles with direct injection engines. | ||||||||||||||||
5.3.1.4.1. Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph 5.3.1.4., for each pollutant or combination of pollutants, one of the three resulting masses obtained may exceed, by not more than 10 per cent, the limit prescribed, provided the arithmetical mean of the three results is below the prescribed limit. Where the prescribed limits are exceeded for more than one pollutant, it is immaterial whether this occurs in the same test or in different tests.
5.3.1.4.2. When the tests are performed with gaseous fuels, the resulting mass of gaseous emissions shall be less than the limits for petrol-engined vehicles in the above table.
5.3.1.5. The number of tests prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. is reduced in the conditions hereinafter defined, where V1 is the result of the first test and V2 the result of the second test for each pollutant or for the combined emission of two pollutants subject to limitation.
5.3.1.5.1. Only one test is performed if the result obtained for each pollutant or for the combined emission of two pollutants subject to limitation, is less than or equal to 0.70 L (i.e. V1 £ 0.70 L).
5.3.1.5.2. If the requirement of paragraph 5.3.1.5.1. is not satisfied, only two tests are performed if, for each pollutant or for the combined emission of two pollutants subject to limitation, the following requirements are met:
V1 £ 0.85 L and V1 + V2 £ 1.70 L and V2 £ L.
Figure 1
Flow chart for Type I type approval
5.3.2. Type II test (Carbon monoxide emission test at idling speed)
5.3.2.1. This test is carried out on all vehicles powered by positive-ignition engines having:
5.3.2.1.1. Vehicles that can be fuelled either with petrol or with LPG or NG/biomethane shall be tested in the test Type II on both fuels.
5.3.2.1.2. Notwithstanding the requirement of paragraph 5.3.2.1.1., vehicles that can be fuelled with either petrol or a gaseous fuel, but where the petrol system is fitted for emergency purposes or starting only and which the petrol tank cannot contain more than 15 litres of petrol will be regarded for the test Type II as vehicles that can only run on a gaseous fuel.
5.3.2.2. For the Type II test set out in Annex 5, at normal engine idling speed, the maximum permissible carbon monoxide content in the exhaust gases shall be that stated by the vehicle manufacturer. However, the maximum carbon monoxide content shall not exceed 0.3 per cent vol.
At high idle speed, the carbon monoxide content by volume of the exhaust gases shall not exceed 0.2 per cent, with the engine speed being at least 2,000 min-1 and Lambda being 1 ±0.03 or in accordance with the specifications of the manufacturer.
5.3.3. Type III test (verifying emissions of crankcase gases)
5.3.3.1. This test shall be carried out on all vehicles referred to in paragraph 1. except those having compression-ignition engines.
5.3.3.1.1. Vehicles that can be fuelled either with petrol or with LPG or NG should be tested in the Type III test on petrol only.
5.3.3.1.2. Notwithstanding the requirement of paragraph 5.3.3.1.1., vehicles that can be fuelled with either petrol or a gaseous fuel, but where the petrol system is fitted for emergency purposes or starting only and which the petrol tank cannot contain more than 15 litres of petrol will be regarded for the test Type III as vehicles that can only run on a gaseous fuel.
5.3.3.2. When tested in accordance with Annex 6, the engine's crankcase ventilation system shall not permit the emission of any of the crankcase gases into the atmosphere.
5.3.4. Type IV test (Determination of evaporative emissions)
5.3.4.1. This test shall be carried out on all vehicles referred to in paragraph 1. except those vehicles having a compression-ignition engine, vehicles fuelled with LPG or NG/biomethane.
5.3.4.1.1. Vehicles that can be fuelled either with petrol or with LPG or with NG/biomethane should be tested in the Type IV test on petrol only.
5.3.4.2. When tested in accordance with Annex 7, evaporative emissions shall be less than 2 g/test.
5.3.5. Type VI test (Verifying the average low ambient temperature carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon exhaust emissions after a cold start).
5.3.5.1. This test shall not be applied to compression ignition vehicles.
However, for compression ignition vehicles when applying for type approval, manufacturers shall present to the Approval Authority information showing that the NOX after treatment device reaches a sufficiently high temperature for efficient operation within 400 seconds after a cold start at -7 °C as described in Type VI test.
In addition, the manufacturer shall provide the Approval Authority with information on the operating strategy of the exhaust gas recirculation system (EGR), including its functioning at low temperatures.
This information shall also include a description of any effects on emissions.
The Approval Authority shall not grant type approval if the information provided is insufficient to demonstrate that the after treatment device actually reaches a sufficiently high temperature for efficient operation within the designated period of time.
5.3.5.1.1. The vehicle is placed on a chassis dynamometer equipped with a means of load an inertia simulation.
5.3.5.1.2. The test consists of the four elementary urban driving cycles of Part One of the Type I test. The Part One test is described in paragraph 6.1.1. of Annex 4a, and illustrated in figure 1 of the same annex. The low ambient temperature test lasting a total of 780 seconds shall be carried out without interruption and start at engine cranking.
5.3.5.1.3. The low ambient temperature test shall be carried out at an ambient test temperature of 266 K (-7°C). Before the test is carried out, the test vehicles shall be conditioned in a uniform manner to ensure that the test results may be reproducible. The conditioning and other test procedures are carried out as described in Annex 8.
5.3.5.1.4. During the test, the exhaust gases are diluted and a proportional sample collected. The exhaust gases of the vehicle tested are diluted, sampled and analysed, following the procedure described in Annex 8, and the total volume of the diluted exhaust is measured. The diluted exhaust gases are analysed for carbon monoxide and total hydrocarbons.
5.3.5.2. Subject to the requirements in paragraphs 5.3.5.2.2. and 5.3.5.3. the test shall be performed three times. The resulting mass of carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emission shall be less than the limits shown in the table below:
Emission limit for the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon tailpipe emissions after a cold start test
Test temperature 266 K (-7 °C) Vehicle catgory Class Mass of carbon monoxide
(CO)
L1 (g/km)Mass of hydrocarbons (HC)
L2 (g/km)M - 15 1.8 N1 I 15 1.8 II 24 2.7 III 30 3.2 N2 - 30 3.2 5.3.5.2.1. Notwithstanding the requirements of paragraph 5.3.5.2., for each pollutant, not more than one of the three results obtained may exceed the limit prescribed by not more than 10 per cent, provided the arithmetical mean value of the three results is below the prescribed limit. Where the prescribed limits are exceeded for more than one pollutant, it is immaterial whether this occurs in the same test or in different tests.
5.3.5.2.2. The number of tests prescribed in paragraph 5.3.5.2. may, at the request of the manufacturer, be increased to 10 if the arithmetical mean of the first three results is lower than 110 per cent of the limit. In this case, the requirement after testing is only that the arithmetical mean of all 10 results shall be less than the limit value.
5.3.5.3. The number of tests prescribed in paragraph 5.3.5.2. may be reduced according to paragraphs 5.3.5.3.1. and 5.3.5.3.2.
5.3.5.3.1. Only one test is performed if the result obtained for each pollutant of the first test is less than or equal to 0.70 L.
5.3.5.3.2. If the requirement of paragraph 5.3.5.3.1. is not satisfied, only two tests are performed if for each pollutant the result of the first test is less than or equal to 0.85 L and the sum of the first two results is less than or equal to 1.70 L and the result of the second test is less than or equal to L.
(V1 ≤ 0.85 L and V1 + V2 ≤ 1.70 L and V2 ≤ L).
5.3.6. Type V test (Durability of anti-pollution devices)
5.3.6.1. This test shall be carried out on all vehicles referred to in paragraph 1 to which the test specified in paragraph 5.3.1. applies. The test represents an ageing test of 160,000 km driven in accordance with the programme described in Annex 9 on a test track, on the road or on a chassis dynamometer.
5.3.6.1.1. Vehicles that can be fuelled either with petrol or with LPG or NG should be tested in the Type V test on petrol only. In that case the deterioration factor found with unleaded petrol will also be taken for LPG or NG.
5.3.6.2. Notwithstanding the requirement of paragraph 5.3.6.1., a manufacturer may choose to have the deterioration factors from the following table used as an alternative to testing to paragraph 5.3.6.1.
Engine Category Assigned deterioration factors CO THC NMHC NOx HC + NOx Particulate
Matter (PM)Particles Positive-ignition 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.6 - 1.0 1.0 Compression-ignition 1.5 - - 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 At the request of the manufacturer, the Technical Service may carry out the Type I test before the Type V test has been completed using the deterioration factors in the table above. On completion of the Type V test, the Technical Service may then amend the type approval results recorded in Annex 2 by replacing the deterioration factors in the above table with those measured in the Type V Test.
5.3.6.3. Deterioration factors are determined using either procedure in paragraph 5.3.6.1. or using the values in the table in paragraph 5.3.6.2. The factors are used to establish compliance with the requirements of paragraphs 5.3.1.4. and 8.2.3.1.
5.3.7. Emission data required for roadworthiness testing
5.3.7.1. This requirement applies to all vehicles powered by a positive-ignition engine for which type approval is sought in accordance with this amendment.
5.3.7.2. When tested in accordance with Annex 5 (Type II test) at normal idling speed:
(a) The carbon monoxide content by volume of the exhaust gases emitted shall be recorded;
(b) The engine speed during the test shall be recorded, including any tolerances.
5.3.7.3. When tested at "high idle" speed (i. e. > 2,000 min.-1)
(a) The carbon monoxide content by volume of the exhaust gases emitted shall be recorded;
(b) The Lambda value (*) shall be recorded;
(c) The engine speed during the test shall be recorded, including any tolerances.
(*) The Lambda value shall be calculated using the simplified Brettschneider equation as follows:
Where:
[ ]
=
concentration in per cent volume,
K1
=
conversion factor for NDIR measurement to FID measurement (provided by manufacturer of measuring equipment),
Hcv
=
Atomic ratio of hydrogen to carbon,
(a) for petrol (E5) 1.89
(b) for LPG 2.53
(c) for NG/biomethane 4.0
(d) for ethanol (E85) 2.74
Ocv
=
Atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon,
(a) for petrol (E5) 0.016
(b) for LPG 0.0
(c) for NG/biomethane 0.0
(d) for ethanol (E85) 0.39
5.3.7.4. The engine oil temperature at the time of the test shall be measured and recorded.
5.3.7.5. The table in item 2.2 to Annex 2 shall be completed.
5.3.7.6. The manufacturer shall confirm the accuracy of the Lambda value recorded at the time of type approval in paragraph 5.3.7.3. as being representative of typical production vehicles within 24 months of the date of the granting of type approval by the Competent Authority. An assessment shall be made based on surveys and studies of production vehicles.
5.3.8. On-board diagnostics OBD - test
This test shall be carried out on all vehicles referred to in paragraph 1. The test procedure described in Annex 11, paragraph 3. shall be followed.
6. Modifications of the vehicle type
6.1. Every modification of the vehicle type shall be notified to the Technical Service that approved the vehicle type. The department may then either:
6.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the vehicle still complies with the requirement; or
6.1.2. Require a further test report from the Technical Service responsible for conducting the tests.
6.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations, shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 4.3. above to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation.
6.3. The type Approval Authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number to the extension and inform thereof the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in Annex 2 to this Regulation.
7. Extensions to type approvals
7.1. Extensions for tailpipe emissions (Type I, Type II and Type VI tests)
7.1.1. Vehicles with different reference masses
7.1.1.1. The type approval shall be extended only to vehicles with a reference mass requiring the use of the next two higher equivalent inertia or any lower equivalent inertia.
7.1.1.2. For category N vehicles, the approval shall be extended only to vehicles with a lower reference mass, if the emissions of the vehicle already approved are within the limits prescribed for the vehicle for which extension of the approval is requested.
7.1.2. Vehicles with different overall transmission ratios
7.1.2.1. The type approval shall be extended to vehicles with different transmission ratios only under certain conditions.
7.1.2.2. To determine whether type approval can be extended, for each of the transmission ratios used in the Type I and Type VI tests, the proportion,
E = |(V2 − V1)|/V1
shall be determined where, at an engine speed of 1,000 min-1, V1 is the speed of the type of vehicle approved and V2 is the speed of the vehicle type for which extension of the approval is requested.
7.1.2.3. If, for each transmission ratio, E ≤ 8 per cent, the extension shall be granted without repeating the Type I and Type VI tests.
7.1.2.4. If, for at least one transmission ratio, E > 8 per cent, and if, for each gear ratio, E ≤ 13 per cent, the Type I and Type VI tests shall be repeated. The tests may be performed in a laboratory chosen by the manufacturer subject to the approval of the Technical Service. The report of the tests shall be sent to the Technical Service responsible for the type approval tests.
7.1.3. Vehicles with different reference masses and transmission ratios
The type approval shall be extended to vehicles with different reference masses and transmission ratios, provided that all the conditions prescribed in paragraphs 7.1.1. and 7.1.2. are fulfilled.
7.1.4. Vehicles with periodically regenerating systems
The type approval of a vehicle type equipped with a periodically regenerating system shall be extended to other vehicles with periodically regenerating systems, whose parameters described below are identical, or within the stated tolerances. The extension shall only relate to measurements specific to the defined periodically regenerating system.
7.1.4.1. Identical parameters for extending approval are:
(a) Engine;
In between each of the cycles a hot soak period of up to 10 minutes is allowed. The power train shall be switched off during this period.
3.1.2.5.3. The vehicle shall be driven according to provisions in Annex 4a, or in case of special gear shifting strategy, according to the manufacturer's instructions, as incorporated in the drivers' handbook of production vehicles and indicated by a technical gear shift instrument (for drivers' information). For these vehicles the gear shifting points prescribed in Annex 4a are not applied. For the pattern of the operating curve the description according to paragraph 6.1.3. of Annex 4a shall apply.
3.1.2.5.4. The exhaust gases shall be analyzed according to provisions in Annex 4a.
3.1.2.5.5. The test results shall be compared to the limits prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. of this Regulation and the average emission of each pollutant in grams per kilometre for Condition A shall be calculated (M1i).
In the case of testing according to paragraph 3.1.2.5.2.1., (M1i) is simply the result of the single combined cycle run.
In the case of testing according to paragraph 3.1.2.5.2.2., the test result of each combined cycle run (M1ia), multiplied by the appropriate deterioration and Ki factors, shall be less than the limits prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. of this Regulation. For the purposes of the calculation in paragraph 3.1.4 M1i shall be defined as:
Where:
i: pollutant
a: cycle
3.1.3. Condition B
3.1.3.1. Conditioning of vehicle
3.1.3.1.1. For compression-ignition engined vehicles the Part Two cycle described in Table 2 (and Figure 3) of Annex 4a shall be used. Three consecutive cycles shall be driven according to paragraph 3.1.3.4.3. below.
3.1.3.1.2. Vehicles fitted with positive-ignition engines shall be preconditioned with one Part One and two Part Two driving cycles according to paragraph 3.1.3.4.3. below.
3.1.3.2. The electrical energy/power storage device of the vehicle shall be discharged while driving (on the test track, on a chassis dynamometer, etc.):
(a) At a steady speed of 50 km/h until the fuel consuming engine of the HEV starts up;
(b) Or if a vehicle can not reach a steady speed of 50 km/h without starting up the fuel consuming engine, the speed shall be reduced until the vehicle can run a lower steady speed where the fuel consuming engine just does not start up for a defined time/distance (to be specified between technical service and manufacturer);
(c) Or with manufacturers' recommendation.
The fuel consuming engine shall be stopped within 10 seconds of it being automatically started.
3.1.3.3. After this preconditioning, and before testing, the vehicle shall be kept in a room in which the temperature remains relatively constant between 293 and 303 K (20 °C and 30 °C). This conditioning shall be carried out for at least six hours and continue until the engine oil temperature and coolant, if any, are within ±2 K of the temperature of the room.
3.1.3.4. Test procedure
3.1.3.4.1. The vehicle shall be started up by the means provided for normal use to the driver. The first cycle starts on the initiation of the vehicle start-up procedure.
3.1.3.4.2. Sampling shall begin (BS) before or at the initiation of the vehicle start up procedure and end on conclusion of the final idling period in the extra-urban cycle (Part Two, end of sampling (ES)).
3.1.3.4.3. The vehicle shall be driven according to Annex 4a, or in case of special gear shifting strategy according to the manufacturer's instructions, as incorporated in the drivers' handbook of production vehicles and indicated by a technical gear shift instrument (for drivers information). For these vehicles the gear shifting points prescribed in Annex 4a are not applied. For the pattern of the operating curve the description according to paragraph 6.1.3.2. of Annex 4a shall apply.
3.1.3.4.4. The exhaust gases shall be analyzed according to Annex 4a.
3.1.3.5. The test results shall be compared to the limits prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. of this Regulation and the average emission of each pollutant for Condition B shall be calculated (M2i). The test results M2i, multiplied by the appropriate deterioration and Ki factors, shall be less than the limits prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. of this Regulation.
3.1.4. Test results
3.1.4.1. In the case of testing according to paragraph 3.1.2.5.2.1.
. For communication, the weighted values shall be calculated as below:
Mi = (De • M1i + Dav •. M2i )/(De + Dav)
Where:
Mi
=
mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre,
M1i
=
average mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre with a fully charged electrical energy/power storage device calculated in paragraph 3.1.2.5.5.,
M2i
=
average mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre with an electrical energy/power storage device in minimum state of charge (maximum discharge of capacity) calculated in paragraph 3.1.3.5.,
De
=
vehicle electric range, according to the procedure described in Regulation No. 101, Annex 9, where the manufacturer must provide the means for performing the measurement with the vehicle running in pure electric mode,
Dav
=
25 km (average distance between two battery recharges).
3.1.4.2. In the case of testing according to paragraph 3.1.2.5.2.2.
For communication, the weighted values shall be calculated as below:
Mi = (Dovc • M1i + Dav • M2i )/(Dovc + Dav)
Where:
Mi
=
mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre,
M1i
=
average mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre with a fully charged electrical energy/power storage device calculated in paragraph 3.1.2.5.5.,
M2i
=
average mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre with an electrical energy/power storage device in minimum state of charge (maximum discharge of capacity) calculated in paragraph 3.1.3.5.,
Dovc
=
OVC range according to the procedure described in Regulation No. 101, Annex 9.
Dav
=
25 km (average distance between two battery recharges).
3.2. Externally chargeable (OVC HEV) with an operating mode switch
3.2.1. Two tests shall be performed under the following conditions:
3.2.1.1. Condition A: Test shall be carried out with a fully charged electrical energy/power storage device.
3.2.1.2. Condition B: Test shall be carried out with an electrical energy/power storage device in minimum state of charge (maximum discharge of capacity).
3.2.1.3. The operating mode switch shall be positioned according the table below:
| Hybrid-modes | - Pure electric - Hybrid | - Pure fuel - Hybrid | - Pure electric - Pure fuel - Hybrid | - Hybrid mode n1 … - Hybrid mode m1 |
| Battery state of charge | ||||
| Switch in position | Switch in position | Switch in position | Switch in position | |
| Condition A Fully charged | Hybrid | Hybrid | Hybrid | Most electric hybrid mode2 |
| Condition B Min. state of charge | Hybrid | Fuel consuming | Fuel consuming | Most fuel consuming mode3 |
Notes:
For instance: sport, economic, urban, extra-urban position ...
Most electric hybrid mode:
The hybrid mode which can be proven to have the highest electricity consumption of all selectable hybrid modes when tested in accordance with condition A of paragraph 4. of Annex 10 to Regulation No. 101, to be established based on information provided by the manufacturer and in agreement with the technical service.
Most fuel consuming mode:
The hybrid mode which can be proven to have the highest fuel consumption of all selectable hybrid modes when tested in accordance with condition B of paragraph 4. of Annex 10 to Regulation No. 101, to be established based on information provided by the manufacturer and in agreement with the technical service.
3.2.2. Condition A
3.2.2.1. If the pure electric range of the vehicle is higher than one complete cycle, on the request of the manufacturer, the Type I test may be carried out in pure electric mode. In this case, engine preconditioning prescribed in paragraph 3.2.2.3.1. or 3.2.2.3.2. can be omitted.
3.2.2.2. The procedure shall start with the discharge of the electrical energy/power storage device of the vehicle while driving with the switch in pure electric position (on the test track, on a chassis dynamometer, etc.) at a steady speed of 70 per cent ±5 per cent of the maximum thirty minutes speed of the vehicle (determined according to Regulation No. 101).
Stopping the discharge occurs:
(a) When the vehicle is not able to run at 65 per cent of the maximum thirty minutes speed; or
(b) When an indication to stop the vehicle is given to the driver by the standard on-board instrumentation; or
(c) After covering the distance of 100 km.
If the vehicle is not equipped with a pure electric mode, the electrical energy/power storage device discharge shall be achieved by driving the vehicle (on the test track, on a chassis dynamometer, etc.):
(a) At a steady speed of 50 km/h until the fuel consuming engine of the HEV starts up; or
(b) If a vehicle cannot reach a steady speed of 50 km/h without starting up the fuel consuming engine, the speed shall be reduced until the vehicle can run a lower steady speed where the fuel consuming engine does not start up for a defined time/distance (to be specified between technical service and manufacturer); or
(c) With manufacturers' recommendation.
The fuel consuming engine shall be stopped within 10 seconds of it being automatically started.
3.2.2.3. Conditioning of vehicle
3.2.2.3.1. For compression-ignition engined vehicles the Part Two cycle described in Table 2 (and Figure 3) of Annex 4a shall be used. Three consecutive cycles shall be driven according to paragraph 3.2.2.6.3. below.
3.2.2.3.2. Vehicles fitted with positive-ignition engines shall be preconditioned with one Part One and two Part Two driving cycles according to paragraph 3.2.2.6.3. below.
3.2.2.4. After this preconditioning, and before testing, the vehicle shall be kept in a room in which the temperature remains relatively constant between 293 and 303 K (20 °C and 30 °C). This conditioning shall be carried out for at least six hours and continue until the engine oil temperature and coolant, if any, are within ±2 K of the temperature of the room, and the electrical energy/power storage device is fully charged as a result of the charging prescribed in paragraph 3.2.2.5.
3.2.2.5. During soak, the electrical energy/power storage device shall be charged:
(a) With the on board charger if fitted; or
(b) With an external charger recommended by the manufacturer, using the normal overnight charging procedure.
This procedure excludes all types of special charges that could be automatically or manually initiated like, for instance, the equalisation charges or the servicing charges.
The manufacturer shall declare that during the test, a special charge procedure has not occurred.
3.2.2.6.Test procedure
3.2.2.6.1.The vehicle shall be started up by the means provided for normal use to the driver. The first cycle starts on the initiation of the vehicle start-up procedure.
3.2.2.6.2. The test procedures defined in either paragraph 3.2.2.6.2.1. or 3.2.2.6.2.2. may be used in line with the procedure chosen in Regulation No. 101, Annex 8, paragraph 4.2.4.2.
3.2.2.6.2.1. Sampling shall begin (BS) before or at the initiation of the vehicle start up procedure and end on conclusion of the final idling period in the extra-urban cycle (Part Two, end of sampling (ES)).
3.2.2.6.2.2. Sampling shall begin (BS) before or at the initiation of the vehicle start up procedure and continue over a number of repeat test cycles. It shall end on conclusion of the final idling period in the first extra-urban (Part Two) cycle during which the battery has reached the minimum state of charge according to the criterion defined below (end of sampling (ES)).
The electricity balance Q [Ah] is measured over each combined cycle, using the procedure specified in Appendix 2 of Annex 8 to Regulation No. 101, and used to determine when the battery minimum state of charge has been reached.
The battery minimum state of charge is considered to have been reached in combined cycle N if the electricity balance measured during combined cycle N+1 is not more than a 3 per cent discharge, expressed as a percentage of the nominal capacity of the battery (in Ah) in its maximum state of charge, as declared by the manufacturer. At the manufacturer's request additional test cycles may be run and their results included in the calculations in paragraphs 3.2.2.7. and 3.2.4.3. provided that the electricity balance for each additional test cycle shows less discharge of the battery than over the previous cycle.
In between each of the cycles a hot soak period of up to 10 minutes is allowed. The power train shall be switched off during this period.
3.2.2.6.3. The vehicle shall be driven according to Annex 4a, or in case of special gear shifting strategy, according to the manufacturer's instructions, as incorporated in the drivers' handbook of production vehicles and indicated by a technical gear shift instrument (for drivers' information). For these vehicles the gear shifting points prescribed in Annex 4a are not applied. For the pattern of the operating curve the description according to paragraph 6.1.3. of Annex 4a shall apply.
3.2.2.6.4.The exhaust gases shall be analysed according to Annex 4a.
3.2.2.7.The test results shall be compared to the limits prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. of this Regulation and the average emission of each pollutant in grams per kilometre for Condition A shall be calculated (M1i).
In the case of testing according to paragraph 3.2.2.6.2.1., (M1i) is simply the result of the single combined cycle run.
In the case of testing according to paragraph 3.2.2.6.2.2., the test result of each combined cycle run M1ia, multiplied by the appropriate deterioration and Ki factors, shall be less than the limits prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. of this Regulation. For the purposes of the calculation in paragraph 3.2.4., M1i shall be defined as:
Where:
i: pollutant
a: cycle
3.2.3. Condition B
3.2.3.1. Conditioning of vehicle
3.2.3.1.1. For compression-ignition engined vehicles the Part Two cycle described in Table 2 and Figure 2 of Annex 4a shall be used. Three consecutive cycles shall be driven according to paragraph 3.2.3.4.3. below.
3.2.3.1.2. Vehicles fitted with positive-ignition engines shall be preconditioned with one Part One and two Part Two driving cycles according to paragraph 3.2.3.4.3. below.
3.2.3.2. The electrical energy/power storage device of the vehicle shall be discharged according to paragraph 3.2.2.2.
3.2.3.3. After this preconditioning, and before testing, the vehicle shall be kept in a room in which the temperature remains relatively constant between 293 and 303 K (20 °C and 30 °C). This conditioning shall be carried out for at least six hours and continue until the engine oil temperature and coolant, if any, are within ±2 K of the temperature of the room.
3.2.3.4. Test procedure
3.2.3.4.1. The vehicle shall be started up by the means provided for normal use to the driver. The first cycle starts on the initiation of the vehicle start-up procedure.
3.2.3.4.2. Sampling shall begin (BS) before or at the initiation of the vehicle start up procedure and end on conclusion of the final idling period in the extra-urban cycle (Part Two, end of sampling (ES)).
3.2.3.4.3. The vehicle shall be driven according to Annex 4a, or in case of special gear shifting strategy, according to the manufacturer's instructions, as incorporated in the drivers' handbook of production vehicles and indicated by a technical gear shift instrument (for drivers' information). For these vehicles the gear shifting points prescribed in Annex 4a are not applied. For the pattern of the operating curve the description according to paragraph 6.1.3. of Annex 4a shall apply.
3.2.3.4.4. The exhaust gases shall be analysed according to provisions in Annex 4a.
3.2.3.5. The test results shall be compared to the limits prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. of this Regulation and the average emission of each pollutant for Condition B shall be calculated (M2i). The test results M2i, multiplied by the appropriate deterioration and Ki factors, shall be less than the limits prescribed in paragraph 5.3.1.4. of this Regulation.
3.2.4. Test results
3.2.4.1. In the case of testing according to paragraph 3.2.2.6.2.1.
For communication, the weighted values shall be calculated as below:
Mi = ( De • M1i + Dav • M2i ) / ( De + Dav )
Where:
Mi
=
mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre,
M1i
=
average mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre with a fully charged electrical energy/power storage device calculated in paragraph 3.2.2.7,
M2i
=
average mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre with an electrical energy/power storage device in minimum state of charge (maximum discharge of capacity) calculated in paragraph 3.2.3.5,
De
=
vehicle electric range with the switch in pure electric position, according to the procedure described in Regulation No. 101, Annex 9. If there is not a pure electric position, the manufacturer must provide the means for performing the measurement with the vehicle running in pure electric mode.
Dav
=
25 km (average distance between two battery recharge).
3.2.4.2. In the case of testing according to paragraph 3.2.2.6.2.2.
For communication, the weighted values shall be calculated as below
Mi = (Dovc • M1i + Dav • M2i)/(Dovc + Dav)
Where:
Mi
=
mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre,
M1i
=
average mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre with a fully charged electrical energy/power storage device calculated in paragraph 3.2.2.7.,
M2i
=
average mass emission of the pollutant i in grams per kilometre with an electrical energy/power storage device in minimum state of charge (maximum discharge of capacity) calculated in paragraph 3.2.3.5.,
Dovc
=
OVC range according to the procedure described in Regulation No. 101, Annex 9,
Dav
=
25 km (average distance between two battery recharges).
3.3. Not externally chargeable (not-OVC HEV) without an operating mode switch
3.3.1. These vehicles shall be tested according to Annex 4a.
3.3.2. For preconditioning, at least two consecutive complete driving cycles (one Part One and one Part Two) are carried out without soak.
3.3.3. The vehicle shall be driven according to Annex 4a, or in case of special gear shifting strategy according to the manufacturer's instructions, as incorporated in the drivers' handbook of production vehicles and indicated by a technical gear shift instrument (for drivers information). For these vehicles the gear shifting points prescribed in Annex 4a are not applied. For the pattern of the operating curve the description according to paragraph 6.1.3. of Annex 4a shall apply.
3.4. Not externally chargeable (not-OVC HEV) with an operating mode switch
3.4.1. These vehicles are preconditioned and tested in hybrid mode according to Annex 4a. If several hybrid modes are available, the test shall be carried out in the mode that is automatically set after turn on of the ignition key (normal mode). On the basis of information provided by the manufacturer, the Technical Service will make sure that the limit values are met in all hybrid modes.
3.4.2. For preconditioning, at least two consecutive complete driving cycles (one Part One and one Part Two) shall be carried out without soak.
3.4.3. The vehicle shall be driven according to Annex 4a, or in case of special gear shifting strategy according to the manufacturer's instructions, as incorporated in the drivers' handbook of production vehicles and indicated by a technical gear shift instrument (for drivers information). For these vehicles the gear shifting points prescribed in or Annex 4a are not applied. For the pattern of the operating curve the description according to paragraph 6.1.3.2. of Annex 4a shall apply.
4. Type II Test methods
4.1. The vehicles shall be tested according to Annex 5 with the fuel consuming engine running. The manufacturer shall provide a "service mode" that makes execution of this test possible.
If necessary, the special procedure provided for in paragraph 5.1.6. to the Regulation shall be used.
5. Type III Test methods
5.1. The vehicles shall be tested according to Annex 6 with the fuel consuming engine running. The manufacturer shall provide a "service mode" that makes execution of this test possible.
5.2. The tests shall be carried out only for conditions 1 and 2 of the paragraph 3.2. of Annex 6. If for any reasons it is not possible to test on condition 2, alternatively another steady speed condition (with fuel consuming engine running under load) should be carried out.
6. Type IV Test methods
6.1. The vehicles shall be tested according to Annex 7.
6.2. Before starting the test procedure (paragraph 5.1. of Annex 7), the vehicles shall be preconditioned as follows:
6.2.1. For OVC vehicles:
6.2.1.1. OVC vehicles without an operating mode switch: the procedure shall start with the discharge of the electrical energy/power storage device of the vehicle while driving (on the test track, on a chassis dynamometer, etc.):
(a) At a steady speed of 50 km/h until the fuel consuming engine of the HEV starts up; or
(b) If a vehicle cannot reach a steady speed of 50 km/h without starting up the fuel consuming engine, the speed shall be reduced until the vehicle can run a lower steady speed where the fuel consuming engine just does not start up for a defined time/distance (to be specified between Technical Service and manufacturer); or
(c) With manufacturer's recommendation.
The fuel consuming engine shall be stopped within 10 seconds of it being automatically started.
6.2.1.2. OVC vehicles with an operating mode switch: the procedure shall start with the discharge of the electrical energy/power storage device of the vehicle while driving with the switch in pure electric position (on the test track, on a chassis dynamometer, etc.) at a steady speed of 70 per cent ±5 per cent from the maximum thirty minutes speed of the vehicle.
Stopping the discharge occurs:
(a) When the vehicle is not able to run at 65 per cent of the maximum thirty minutes speed; or
(b) When an indication to stop the vehicle is given to the driver by the standard on-board instrumentation; or
(c) After covering the distance of 100 km.
If the vehicle is not equipped with a pure electric mode, the electrical energy/power storage device discharge shall be conducted with the vehicle driving (on the test track, on a chassis dynamometer, etc.):
(a) At a steady speed of 50 km/h until the fuel consuming engine of the HEV starts up; or
(b) If a vehicle cannot reach a steady speed of 50 km/h without starting up the fuel consuming engine, the speed shall be reduced until the vehicle can run a lower steady speed where the fuel consuming engine does not start up for a defined time/distance (to be specified between technical service and manufacturer); or
(c) With manufacturer's recommendation.
The engine shall be stopped within 10 seconds of it being automatically started.
6.2.2. For NOVC vehicles:
6.2.2.1. NOVC vehicles without an operating mode switch: the procedure shall start with a preconditioning of at least two consecutive complete driving cycles (one Part One and one Part Two) without soak.
6.2.2.2. NOVC vehicles with an operating mode switch: the procedure shall start with a preconditioning of at least two consecutive complete driving cycles (one Part One and one Part Two) without soak, performed with the vehicle running in hybrid mode. If several hybrid modes are available, the test shall be carried out in the mode which is automatically set after turn on of the ignition key (normal mode).
6.3. The preconditioning drive and the dynamometer test shall be carried out according to paragraphs 5.2. and 5.4. of Annex 7:
6.3.1. For OVC vehicles: under the same conditions as specified by condition B of the Type I test (paragraphs 3.1.3. and 3.2.3.).
6.3.2. For NOVC vehicles: under the same conditions as in the Type I test.
7. Type V Test methods
7.1. The vehicles shall be tested according to Annex 9.
7.2. For OVC vehicles:
It is allowed to charge the electrical energy/power storage device twice a day during mileage accumulation.
For OVC vehicles with an operating mode switch, mileage accumulation should be driven in the mode which is automatically set after turn on of the ignition key (normal mode).
During the mileage accumulation a change into another hybrid mode is allowed if necessary in order to continue the mileage accumulation after agreement of the Technical Service.
The measurements of emissions of pollutants shall be carried out under the same conditions as specified by condition B of the Type I test (paragraphs 3.1.3. and 3.2.3.).
7.3. For NOVC vehicles:
For NOVC vehicles with an operating mode switch, mileage accumulation shall be driven in the mode which is automatically set after turn on of the ignition key (normal mode).
The measurements of emissions of pollutants shall be carried out in the same conditions as in the Type I test.
8. Type VI Test methods
8.1. The vehicles shall be tested according to Annex 8.
8.2. For OVC vehicles, the measurements of emissions of pollutants shall be carried out under the same conditions as specified for condition B of the Type I test (paragraphs 3.1.3. and 3.2.3.).
8.3. For NOVC vehicles, the measurements of emissions of pollutants shall be carried out under the same conditions as in the Type I test.
9. On board diagnostics (OBD) Test methods
9.1. The vehicles shall be tested according to Annex 11.
9.2. For OVC vehicles, the measurements of emissions of pollutants shall be carried out under the same conditions as specified for condition B of the Type I test (paragraphs3.1.3. and 3.2.3.).
9.3. For NOVC vehicles, the measurements of emissions of pollutants shall be carried out under the same conditions as in the Type I test.
Annex 14 - Appendix 1
Electrical energy/power storage device State Of Charge (SOC) profile for OVC HEV Type I Test
Condition A of the Type I test
Condition A:
(1) Initial electrical energy/power storage device state of charge
(2) Discharge according to paragraph 3.1.2.1. or 3.2.2.1.
(3) Vehicle conditioning according to paragraph 3.1.2.2. or 3.2.2.2.
(4) Charge during soak according to paragraphs 3.1.2.3. and 3.1.2.4., or paragraphs 3.2.2.3. and 3.2.2.4.
(5) Test according to paragraph 3.1.2.5. or 3.2.2.5.
Condition B of the Type I test
Condition B:
(1) Initial state of charge
(2) Vehicle conditioning according to paragraph 3.1.3.1. or 3.2.3.1.
(3) Discharge according to paragraph 3.1.3.2. or 3.2.3.2.
(4) Soak according to paragraph 3.1.3.3. or 3.2.3.3.
(5) Test according to paragraph 3.1.3.4. or 3.2.3.4.
* Former title of the Agreement: Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958.
[1] As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), (document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2 as last amended by Amend.4).
[2] Approval A cancelled. The 05 series of amendments to this Regulation prohibit the use of leaded petrol.
[3] As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), (document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2 as last amended by Amend.4).
[4] 1 for Germany, 2 for France, 3 for Italy, 4 for the Netherlands, 5 for Sweden, 6 for Belgium, 7 for Hungary, 8 for the Czech Republic, 9 for Spain, 10 for Serbia and Montenegro, 11 for the United Kingdom, 12 for Austria, 13 for Luxembourg, 14 for Switzerland, 15 (vacant), 16 for Norway, 17 for Finland, 18 for Denmark, 19 for Romania, 20 for Poland, 21 for Portugal, 22 for the Russian Federation, 23 for Greece, 24 for Ireland, 25 for Croatia, 26 for Slovenia, 27 for Slovakia, 28 for Belarus, 29 for Estonia, 30 (vacant), 31 for Bosnia and Herzegovina, 32 for Latvia, 33 (vacant), 34 for Bulgaria, 35 (Kazakhstan), 36 for Lithuania, 37 for Turkey, 38 (vacant), 39 for Azerbaijan, 40 for The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, 41 (vacant), 42 for the European Community (Approvals are granted by its Member States using their respective ECE symbol), 43 for Japan, 44 vacant), 45 for Australia, 46 for Ukraine, 47 for South Africa, 48 for New Zealand, 49 for Cyprus, 50 for Malta, 51 for the Republic of Korea, 52 for Malaysia, 53 for Thailand, 54 and 55 (vacant), 56 for Montenegro, 57 (Vacant) and 58 for Tunisia..Subsequent numbers shall be assigned to other countries in the chronological order in which they ratify or accede to the Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, and the numbers thus assigned shall be communicated by the Secretary-General of the United Nations to the Contracting Parties to the Agreement.
[5] For any vehicle, the "intermediate zone" is determined as follows: The vehicle shall meet the conditions given in paragraph 3.2.1. and, in addition, the measured value for the same regulated pollutant shall be below a level that is determined from the product of the limit value for the same regulated pollutant given in Table 1 in paragraph 5.3.1.4. multiplied by a factor of 2.5.
2 For any vehicle, the "failure zone" is determined as follows: The measured value for any regulated pollutant exceeds a level that is determined from the product of the limit value for the same regulated pollutant given in Table 1 in paragraph 5.3.1.4. multiplied by a factor of 2.5.
a If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this information document, such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol '?' (e.g. ABC??123??).
b As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), (document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2 as last amended by Amend.4).
c Where there is one version with a normal cab and another with a sleeper cab, both sets of masses and dimensions are to be stated.
d The mass of the driver and, if applicable, of the crew member is assessed at 75 kg (subdivided into 68 kg
occupant mass and 7 kg luggage mass according to ISO Standard 2416 – 1992), the fuel tank is filled to 90 per cent and the other liquid containing systems (except those for used water) to 100 per cent of the capacity s specified by the manufacturer.
e For trailers or semi-trailers, and for vehicles coupled with a trailer or a semi -trailer, which exert a significant
vertical load on the coupling device or the fifth wheel, this load, divided by standard acceleration of gravity, is included in the maximum technical permissible mass.
f In the case of non -conventional engines and systems, particulars equivalent to those referred to here shall be
supplied by the manufacturer.
* Please fill in here the upper and lower values for each variant.
** Vehicles can be fuelled with both petrol and a gaseous fuel but if the petrol system is fitted for emergency
purposes or starting only and the petrol tank cannot contain more than 15 litres of petrol, they will be regarded for the test as vehicles which can only run a gaseous fuel.
h The specified particulars are to be given for any proposed variants.
i As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), (document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2 as last amended by Amend.4).
1 Strike out what does not apply.
2 Specify the tolerance.
3 This value shall be rounded-off to the nearest tenth of a millimetre.
4 This value shall be calculated with π = 3.1416 and rounded-off to the nearest cm3.
5 Specify one or another.
1 Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).
2 Strike out what does not apply.
a If the means of identification of type contains characters not relevant to describe the vehicle, component or separate technical unit types covered by this information document, such characters shall be represented in the documentation by the symbol '?' (e.g. ABC??123??).
b As defined in Annex 7 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), (document TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.1/Amend.2 as last amended by Amend.4).
[7] Example calibration/validation methods are available at For HEV, and until uniform technical provisions have been established, the manufacturer will agree with the technical service concerning the status of the vehicle when performing the test as defined in this appendix.
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