Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/03 – Devices for Indirect Vision) 2023 (Cth)
Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/03 – Devices for Indirect Vision) 2023
I, CATHERINE KING, Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government, determine this national road vehicle standard under section 12 of the Road Vehicle Standards Act 2018.
Dated 14 September 2023
[SIGNED]
Catherine King
Minister for Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Local Government
CONTENTS
LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS............................................................................... 3
FUNCTION............................................................................................................... 3
APPLICABILITY..................................................................................................... 3
DEFINITIONS.......................................................................................................... 5
REQUIREMENTS.................................................................................................... 5
EXEMPTIONS, ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES AND SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS TO APPENDIX A........................................................................................................... 5
EXEMPTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES TO APPENDIX B..... 11
ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS............................................................................ 13
APPENDIX A................................................................................................................ 14
APPENDIX B.............................................................................................................. 105
APPENDIX C.............................................................................................................. 136
LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS
1.1.Name of Instrument
1.1.1.This instrument is the Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule 14/03 – Devices for Indirect Vision) 2023.
1.1.2.This standard may also be cited as the Australian Design Rule 14/03 – Devices for Indirect Vision, the Australian Design Rule 14/03, or ADR 14/03.
1.2.Commencement
1.2.1.This standard commences on the day after it is registered.
FUNCTION
2.1.The function of this vehicle standard is to specify requirements for devices to be fitted to vehicles to provide drivers with a clear and reasonably unobstructed view to the rear, side, or front of the vehicle; and riders with a clear and reasonably unobstructed view to the rear.
APPLICABILITY
3.1.This vehicle standard applies from 1 October 2023 to sub-category NB2 and category NC vehicles, with an ‘Overall Width’ exceeding 2,500 mm.
3.2.This vehicle standard is optional for:
(a)category LA, LB, LC, LD and LE vehicles;
(b)category MA, MB, MC, MD and ME vehicles;
(c)category NA vehicles and sub-category NB1 vehicles; and
(d)sub-category NB2 and category NC vehicles, with an ‘Overall Width’ not exceeding 2,500 mm.
3.2.1.Vehicles for which this standard is optional under clause 3.2 above, may comply with this standard or continue to comply with the Australian Design Rule 14/02 – Rear Vision Mirrors, including through any of its acceptable prior rules.
3.3.Applicability Table
| Vehicle Category | ADR Category Code | UN Category Code* | Manufactured on or After | Acceptable Prior Rules | |
| Moped 2 wheels | LA | L1 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Moped 3 wheels | LB | L2 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Motor cycle | LC | L3 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Motor cycle and sidecar | LD | L4 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Motor tricycle | LE | L5 | |||
| LEM | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |||
| LEP | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |||
| LEG | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |||
| Passenger car | MA | M1 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Forward-control passenger vehicle | MB | M1 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Off-road passenger vehicle | MC | M1 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Light omnibus | MD | M2 | |||
| up to 3.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ and up to 12 seats | MD1 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | ||
| up to 3.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ and more than 12 seats | MD2 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | ||
| over 3.5 tonnes and up to 4.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ | MD3 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | ||
| over 4.5 tonnes and up to 5 tonnes ‘GVM’ | MD4 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | ||
| Heavy omnibus | ME | M3 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Light goods vehicle | NA | N1 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | |
| Medium goods vehicle | NB | N2 | |||
| over 3.5 tonnes up to 4.5 tonnes ‘GVM’ | NB1 | See clause 3.2 | Nil | ||
| over 4.5 tonnes up to 12 tonnes ‘GVM’ | NB2 | See clauses 3.1 to 3.2. | Nil | ||
| Heavy goods vehicle | NC | N3 | See clauses 3.1 to 3.2. | Nil | |
| Very light trailer | TA | O1 | Not Applicable | ||
| Light trailer | TB | O2 | Not Applicable | ||
| Medium trailer | TC | O3 | Not Applicable | ||
| Heavy trailer | TD | O4 | Not Applicable | ||
* The category code may also be in the format L1, L2, L3 etc.
DEFINITIONS
4.1.For vehicle categories, definitions and meanings used in this standard, refer to:
4.1.1.Vehicle Standard (Australian Design Rule – Definitions and Vehicle Categories) 2005;
4.1.2.Definitions in Appendix A of this standard; and
4.1.3.Definitions in Appendix B of this standard.
4.2.For the purposes of clause 6 (Exemptions, Alternative Procedures and Supplementary Requirements to Appendix A), a “Flat Reflecting Surface” means a reflecting surface through which the angular height and width of the image of an object is equal to the angular height and width of the object when viewed directly at the same distance, except for flaws that do not exceed normal manufacturing tolerances.
REQUIREMENTS
5.1.Category MA, MB, MC, MD, ME, NA, NB and NC vehicles must comply with either the requirements of Appendix A, as varied by clause 6 (Exemptions, Alternative Procedures and Supplementary Requirements to Appendix A); or an alternative standard under clause 8.1.
5.2.Category LA, LB, LC and LD vehicles must comply with either the requirements of Appendix B, as varied by clause 7 (Exemptions and Alternative Procedures to Appendix B); or an alternative standard under clause 8.2.
5.3.Category LE vehicles with bodywork that partially or wholly encloses the rider or driver must comply with either the requirements of Appendix A, as varied by clause 6 (Exemptions, Alternative Procedures and Supplementary Requirements to Appendix A); or an alternative standard under clause 8.1.
5.4.Category LE vehicles without bodywork that partially or wholly encloses the rider or driver must comply with either the requirements of Appendix B, as varied by clause 7 (Exemptions and Alternative Procedures to Appendix B); or an alternative standard under clause 8.2.
EXEMPTIONS, ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES AND SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS TO APPENDIX A
6.1.Compliance with the following parts, paragraphs and annexes of Appendix A is not required for the purposes of this standard:
I. Devices for indirect vision
Paragraph 3 Application for approval
Paragraph 4 Markings
Paragraph 5 Approval
Paragraph 7 Modification of the type of device for indirect vision and extension of approval
Paragraph 8 Conformity of production
Paragraph 9 Penalties for non-conformity of production
Paragraph 10 Production definitively discontinued
Paragraph 11 Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities
II. Installation of devices for indirect vision
Paragraph 13 Application for approval
Paragraph 14 Approval
Paragraph 17 Modification of the vehicle type and extension of approval
Paragraph 18 Conformity of production
Paragraph 19 Penalties for non-conformity of production
Paragraph 20 Production definitively discontinued
Paragraph 21 Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities
Paragraph 22 Transitional provisions
Annexes
Annex 1 Information document for type approval of a device for indirect vision
Annex 2 Information document for type approval of a vehicle with respect to the installation of devices for indirect vision
Annex 3 Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a type of device for indirect vision, pursuant to Regulation No. 46
Annex 4 Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of vehicle with regard to the mounting of devices for indirect vision, pursuant to Regulation No. 46
Annex 5 Arrangement of approval mark for a device for indirect vision
6.2.In the case of a ‘Cross-View Mirror’ with spherical and aspherical parts, the transition of the reflecting surface from the spherical part(s) to the aspherical part(s) may or may not be marked.
6.3.The requirements of paragraph 6.1.1.3 of Appendix A shall not apply to mirrors, if their lower edge is mounted at least 2 m above the ground when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’.
6.4.The average radii of curvature "r" of a mirror may be determined in accordance with either the method described in Annex 7 of Appendix A, or the method described in Appendix C of this rule.
6.5.A mirror shall be taken to comply with paragraphs 6.1.2.2.2.1 and 6.1.2.2.2.2 of Appendix A, if the radius of curvature measured at each test position in accordance with the method described in Appendix C of this rule, does not deviate from the average radius of curvature calculated in accordance with the same method by more than:
(a)plus or minus 15 per cent, if the average radius of curvature is less than 3,000 mm;
(b)plus or minus 25 per cent, if the average radius of curvature is at least 3,000 mm.
6.6.In paragraph 6.1.2.2.5 of Appendix A, omit “Annex 6”, substitute “Annex 6 or SAE J964 – 2016-11-08 version (Recommended Practice for Measuring Haze and Reflectance of Mirrors)”.
6.7.The requirements of paragraph 6.2.2.1.1 of Appendix A shall not apply to camera-monitor systems if their lower edge is mounted at least 2 m above the ground when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’.
6.8.The requirements of paragraph 6.3 of Appendix A shall not apply to mirrors fitted to sub-category NB2 or category NC vehicles, if:
(a)the mirror projects no more than 150 mm beyond the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the point from which ‘Overall Width’ is measured on that side; or
(b)both of the following criteria are satisfied:
(i) the mirror is capable of folding to project no more than 150 mm beyond the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the point from which ‘Overall Width’ is measured on that side; and
(ii) when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’, all the parts of the unfolded mirror and its attachments which are less than 2 m from the ground (if any), project no more than:
-1,490 mm beyond the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle; and
-240 mm beyond the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the point from which ‘Overall Width’ is measured on that side.
6.9.In paragraph 6.3.1.1 of Appendix A, omit “type approval certificate”, substitute “test report”.
6.10.In paragraph 15.1.1 of Appendix A, omit “of a type approved under this Regulation”, substitute “of a type meeting the technical requirements of this Regulation”.
6.11.In paragraph 15.1.4 of Appendix A, omit “Regulation No. 43, Annex 21”, substitute “Australian Design Rule 8/… – Safety Glazing Material”.[1]
[1] The ellipsis (…) indicates the version(s) of the Australian Design Rule in force at the
6.12.In paragraph 15.2.1.1.2 of Appendix A, omit “has been approved in this mode”, substitute “meets all technical requirements in this mode”.
6.13.In paragraph 15.2.1.1.4 of Appendix A, omit “meet the requirements of this Regulation”, substitute “meet the technical requirements of this Regulation”.
6.14.In paragraph 15.2.1.2 of Appendix A, omit “is (are) type approved to this Regulation”, substitute “meet the technical requirements of this Regulation”.
6.15.In paragraph 15.2.2.3 of Appendix A, omit “on the type-approval certificate”, substitute “in a test report”.
6.16.For category MD, ME, NA, NB, and NC vehicles; the “technically permissible maximum laden mass” or “maximum technically permissible mass” is the ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’.
6.17.Notwithstanding paragraphs 15.1.1 and 15.2.1.1.1 of Appendix A,
sub-category NB2 and category NC vehicles may as an option:
(a) be fitted on the driver’s side (right side or offside) with an exterior rear-view mirror with a ‘Flat Reflecting Surface’ of at least 323 cm2, instead of a Class II device for indirect vision; and
(b) if fitted on the driver’s side (right side or offside) with an exterior rear-view mirror in accordance with sub-clause (a) immediately above, also be fitted on the passenger’s side (left side or nearside) with an exterior rear-view mirror with a ‘Flat Reflecting Surface’ of at least 323 cm2, instead of a Class II device for indirect vision.
6.17.1.Each exterior rear-view mirror fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clause 6.17 above, must:
(a)be fully visible by the driver through the front side door window on the side of the vehicle to which it is fitted, or the portion of the windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wiper(s);
(b)not project any more than 250 mm beyond the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the point from which ‘Overall Width’ is measured on that side;
(c)be adjustable in both the horizontal and the vertical directions;
(d)be located so as to provide the driver an unobstructed view to the rear along the side of the vehicle and extending to the horizon on a level road;[2] and
[2] Any obstructions due to devices permitted to project beyond the ‘Overall Width’ of the vehicle may be ignored.
(e)comply with all requirements in Part I (Devices for indirect vision) of Appendix A for a Class II (main rear-view) mirror with a ‘Flat Reflecting Surface’, except for paragraphs 6.1.2.1.2.1 and 6.1.2.1.2.2 of Appendix A, and as varied by clauses 6.1 to 6.16 above.
6.17.1.1.Where this mirror is fixed to the same mounting as a Class IV rear-view mirror, and the tests prescribed by paragraph 6.3.2.2.7.2. of Appendix A apply (note clause 6.8 above), these must be executed on at least the lower mirror. Nevertheless, both these tests must also be executed on the upper mirror where any part of this mirror is less than 2 m from the ground and either more than 1,490 mm beyond the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, or more than 240 mm beyond the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the point from which ‘Overall Width’ is measured on that side, when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’.
6.18.Notwithstanding paragraphs 15.1.1 and 15.2.1.1.1 of Appendix A, a
sub-category NB2 or Category NC vehicle may:
(a)if fitted on the driver’s side (right side or offside) with both a Class II (main rear-view) camera-monitor system and a Class IV (wide angle view) camera-monitor system, also be fitted on the driver’s side with an additional exterior rear-view mirror with a ‘Flat Reflecting Surface’ of at least 323 cm2; and/or
(b)if fitted on the passenger’s side (left side or nearside) with both a Class II (main rear-view) camera-monitor system and a Class IV (wide angle view) camera-monitor system, also be fitted on the passenger’s side with an additional exterior rear-view mirror with a ‘Flat Reflecting Surface’ of at least 323 cm2.
6.18.1.An additional exterior rear-view mirror fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clause 6.18 above, must:
(a)be fully visible to the driver through the front side door window on the side of the vehicle to which it is fitted; and
(b)meet each of the requirements prescribed for an exterior
rear-view mirror under clause 6.17.1, sub-clauses (b) to (e) above.
6.19.In the case of a goods vehicle with a ‘Bonneted Cab’ and a ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’ exceeding 7.5 tonnes, a Class V (close-proximity view) mirror that is visible by the driver through the portion of the windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wiper(s), need not be fitted at least 2 m above (or from) the ground, regardless of adjustment position and/or the vehicle load condition.[3]
[3] Where installed such that any part is less than 2 m from the ground (regardless of the adjustment position) when the vehicle is loaded to ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’, paragraph 6.3. of Appendix A may apply (subject to clause 6.8 above).
6.20.Notwithstanding paragraphs 15.1.1 and 15.2.1.1.1 of Appendix A, goods vehicles with a ‘Bonneted Cab’ and a ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’ exceeding 7.5 tonnes, may as an alternative to a Class VI (front-view) device for indirect vision, be fitted with a ‘Cross-View Mirror’ which is mounted on a stable support, and can be adjusted in both the vertical and horizontal directions.
6.20.1.Compliance with the defined field of vision (refer ADR definition for a ‘Cross-View Mirror’) shall be determined using ambinocular vision (refer paragraph 12.2 of Appendix A), by placing powerful light sources at the ocular points and examining the light reflected on a vertical monitoring screen, with the vehicle at mass in running order as defined in the UN Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3) (ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.6, paragraph 2.2.5.4.). Other methods may be used, if it can be demonstrated that the results are equivalent to those specified in this clause.
6.20.2.A ‘Cross-View Mirror’ fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clause 6.20 above, must comply with all requirements in both Part I (Devices for indirect vision) and Part II (Installation of devices for indirect vision ) of Appendix A for a Class VI (front-view) mirror, except any requirement for such mirrors to be fitted at least 2 m above (or from) the ground, paragraph 15.1.1, paragraph 15.2.2.5, paragraphs 15.2.4.6 to 15.2.4.6.3 (field of vision), and as varied by clauses 6.1 to 6.16 above.
6.21.The field of vision prescribed in paragraphs 15.2.4.5.6 to 15.2.4.5.9 of Appendix A, may also (i.e. as an alternative) be partially provided by a combination of a Class V (close-proximity view) device, and a
‘Cross-View Mirror’ fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clause 6.20 above.
6.22.The area prescribed in paragraphs 15.2.4.5.6 to 15.2.4.5.9 of Appendix A, may also (i.e. as an alternative) be viewed using a combination of direct view, indirect vision devices of Class IV (wide angle view) and/or V (close-proximity view), and a ‘Cross-View Mirror’ fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clause 6.20 above.
6.22.1.If a ‘Cross-View Mirror’ is used to provide a part of the field of vision prescribed in paragraphs 15.2.4.5.6. to 15.2.4.5.9 of Appendix A, it must be adjusted in a way that it simultaneously also provides the defined field of vision required for such a mirror (refer ADR definition for a
‘Cross-View Mirror’).
6.23.Notwithstanding paragraphs 15.1.1 and 15.2.1.1.1 of Appendix A, goods vehicles with a ‘Bonneted Cab’ and a ‘Gross Vehicle Mass’ exceeding 7.5 tonnes, may be fitted with an additional exterior mirror on the driver’s side and/or an additional exterior mirror on the passenger’s side.3
6.23.1.Each additional (optional) exterior mirror fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clause 6.23 above, must be visible by the driver through the portion of the windscreen that is swept by the windscreen wiper(s).
6.23.2.Where an additional Class IV (wide angle view) and/or V (close-proximity view) mirror is fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clauses 6.23 to 6.23.1 above, it must also comply with all requirements in both Part I (Devices for indirect vision) and Part II (Installation of devices for indirect vision) of Appendix A, except paragraph 15.2.3.2, and except as varied by clauses 6.1 to 6.16 and 6.19 (where applicable) above.
6.23.3.Where an additional Class V (close-proximity view) mirror is fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clauses 6.23 to 6.23.2 above, paragraphs 15.2.4.5.6. to 15.2.4.5.12. of Appendix A shall apply to a vehicle where no part of at least one Class V mirror or its holder, is less than 2.4 m above the ground, regardless of its position after adjustment.
6.23.4.Where an additional exterior mirror not meeting the full field of vision required in Appendix A for either a Class IV (wide angle view) or V (close-proximity view) mirror is fitted to a vehicle in accordance with clauses 6.23 to 6.23.1 above, it must:
(a)not project any more than 150 mm beyond the vertical longitudinal plane passing through the point from which ‘Overall Width’ is measured on that side; and
(b)comply with all requirements in both Part I (Devices for indirect vision) and Part II (Installation of devices for indirect vision) of Appendix A for a Class IV (wide angle view) mirror, except paragraph 15.1.1, paragraph 15.2.2.5, paragraph 15.2.3.2, paragraph 15.2.4.4 (field of vision), and as varied by clauses 6.1 to 6.16 above.
6.24.For all Classes of mirrors for indirect vision, the requirements of Part I of the United Nations Regulation No. 46 – UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF DEVICES FOR INDIRECT VISION AND OF MOTOR VEHICLES WITH REGARD TO THE INSTALLATION OF THESE DEVICES, incorporating from the 03 series of amendments up to and including the 05 series of amendments, are deemed to be equivalent to the requirements of paragraph 6 (Requirements – for the approval of devices for indirect vision) in Appendix A.
6.25.For Class I to Class VI mirrors for indirect vision only, the requirements of Part I of the United Nations Regulation No. 46 – UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF DEVICES FOR INDIRECT VISION AND OF MOTOR VEHICLES WITH REGARD TO THE INSTALLATION OF THESE DEVICES, incorporating the 02 series of amendments, are also deemed to be equivalent to the requirements of paragraph 6 (Requirements – for the approval of devices for indirect vision) in Appendix A.
6.26.If there is a conflict between this clause 6 above and Appendix A below, this clause 6 takes precedence.
EXEMPTIONS AND ALTERNATIVE PROCEDURES TO APPENDIX B
7.1.Compliance with the following parts, paragraphs and annexes of Appendix B is not required for the purposes of this standard:
I. Rear-View Mirrors
Paragraph 3 Application for approval
Paragraph 4 Markings
Paragraph 5 Approval
Paragraph 9 Conformity of production
Paragraph 10 Penalties for non-conformity of production
Paragraph 11 Modification and extension of approval of the type of rear-view mirror
Paragraph 12 Production definitively discontinued
II. Installation of Rear-View Mirrors
Paragraph 14 Application for approval
Paragraph 15 Approval
Paragraph 17 Conformity of production
Paragraph 18 Penalties for non-conformity of production
Paragraph 19 Modification and extension of approval of the type of rear-view mirror
Paragraph 20 Production definitively discontinued
Paragraph 21 Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of administrative departments
Annexes
Annex 1 Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a type of rear‑view mirror, pursuant to Regulation No. 81
Annex 2 Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal of approval or production definitely discontinued of a vehicle type with regard to the installation of rear‑view mirrors, pursuant to Regulation No. 81
Annex 3 Arrangement of the rear‑view mirror approval mark
Annex 4 Arrangements of the vehicle approval mark concerning the installation of rear‑view mirrors
Annex 7 Control of the conformity of production
7.2.The average radii of curvature "r" of a mirror may be determined in accordance with either the method described in Annex 6 of Appendix B, or the method described in Appendix C of this rule.
7.3.A mirror shall be taken to comply with paragraphs 7.2.2.1 and 7.2.2.2 of Appendix B, if the radius of curvature measured at each test position in accordance with the method described in Appendix C of this rule, does not deviate by more than plus or minus 15 per cent from the average radius of curvature.
7.4.In paragraph 7.2.4 of Appendix B, omit “Annex 5”, substitute “Annex 5 or SAE J964 – 2016-11-08 version (Recommended Practice for Measuring Haze and Reflectance of Mirrors)”.
7.5.If there is a conflict between this clause 7 above and Appendix B below, this clause 7 takes precedence.
ALTERNATIVE STANDARDS
8.1.Category MA, MB, MC, MD, ME, NA, NB and NC vehicles; and category LE vehicles with bodywork
8.1.1.The technical requirements of the United Nations Regulation No. 46 – UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF DEVICES FOR INDIRECT VISION AND OF MOTOR VEHICLES WITH REGARD TO THE INSTALLATION OF THESE DEVICES, incorporating the 05 series of amendments.
8.1.2.The technical requirements of the United Nations Regulation No. 46 – UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF DEVICES FOR INDIRECT VISION AND OF MOTOR VEHICLES WITH REGARD TO THE INSTALLATION OF THESE DEVICES, incorporating the 04 series of amendments, including at least supplements 1 to 9 to the 04 series of amendments.
8.2.Category LA, LB, LC, and LD vehicles; and category LE vehicles without bodywork
8.2.1.The technical requirements of the United Nations Regulation No. 81 – UNIFORM PROVISIONS CONCERNING THE APPROVAL OF REAR-VIEW MIRRORS AND OF TWO-WHEELED POWER-DRIVEN VEHICLES WITH OR WITHOUT SIDE CAR, WITH REGARD TO THE INSTALLATION OF REAR-VIEW MIRRORS ON HANDLEBARS, incorporating the original version of the regulation
(00 series of amendments), including at least supplement 1 to the original version of the regulation.
APPENDIX A
Agreement
Concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these United Nations Regulations*
* Former titles of the Agreement:
(Revision 3, including the amendments which entered into force on 14 September 2017)
_________
Addendum: 45 – Regulation No. 46
Incorporating by the Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development, Communications and the Arts, all valid text up to:
04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 15 July 2013
Supplement 1 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 9 October 2014
Supplement 2 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 18 June 2016
Supplement 3 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 8 October 2016
Supplement 4 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 22 June 2017
Supplement 5 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 19 July 2018
Supplement 6 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 28 May 2019
Supplement 7 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 25 September 2020
Supplement 8 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 25 September 2020
Supplement 9 to the 04 series of amendments – Date of entry into force: 30 September 2021
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices for indirect vision and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of these devices
Regulation No. 46
Uniform provisions concerning the approval of devices for indirect vision and of motor vehicles with regard to the installation of these devices
Contents
Page
Regulation
1. Scope ........................................................................................................................................................................... 17
I. Devices for indirect vision
2. Definitions ................................................................................................................................................................... 17
3. Application for approval .......................................................................................................................................... 20
4. Markings ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20
5. Approval...................................................................................................................................................................... 21
6. Requirements.............................................................................................................................................................. 22
7. Modification of the type of device for indirect vision and extension of approval........................................ 40
8. Conformity of production........................................................................................................................................ 41
9. Penalties for non‑conformity of production.......................................................................................................... 41
10. Production definitively discontinued...................................................................................................................... 41
11. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting
approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities............................................................................................... 41
II. Installation of devices for indirect vision
12. Definitions.................................................................................................................................................................... 42
13. Application for approval........................................................................................................................................... 43
14. Approval...................................................................................................................................................................... 43
15. Requirements.............................................................................................................................................................. 43
16. Requirements for devices for indirect vision other than mirrors........................................................................ 60
17. Modifications of the vehicle type and extension of approval........................................................................... 65
18. Conformity of production........................................................................................................................................ 66
19. Penalties for non‑conformity of production.......................................................................................................... 66
20. Production definitively discontinued...................................................................................................................... 66
21. Names and addresses of Technical Services responsible for conducting
approval tests, and of Type Approval Authorities............................................................................................... 67
22. Transitional provisions.............................................................................................................................................. 67
Annexes
1 Information document for type approval of a device for indirect vision........................................................ 70
2 Information document for type approval of vehicle with
respect to the installation of devices for indirect vision....................................................................................... 71
3 Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal
of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of device for indirect vision,
pursuant to Regulation No. 46................................................................................................................................. 73
4 Communication concerning the approval or refusal or extension or withdrawal
of approval or production definitively discontinued of a type of vehicle with regard
to the mounting of devices for indirect vision, pursuant to Regulation No. 46............................................... 75
Appendix...................................................................................................................................................................... 76
5 Arrangement of approval mark for a device for indirect vision........................................................................ 77
6 Test method for determining reflectivity ............................................................................................................... 78
7 Procedure for determining the radius of curvature "r" of the reflecting surface of a mirror......................... 84
8 Procedure for determining the "H" point and the actual torso angle for seating positions
in motor vehicles ........................................................................................................................................................ 86
Appendix 1 - Description of the three-dimensional "H" point machine (3-D H machine)............................ 86
Appendix 2 - Three-dimensional reference system.............................................................................................. 86
Appendix 3 - Reference data concerning seating positions................................................................................ 86
9 (Reserved) ................................................................................................................................................................... 87
10 Calculation of the detection distance for CMS of Classes V and VI............................................................... 88
11 Determination of the displayed object size for CMS of Classes V and VI...................................................... 91
12 Test methods and safety provisions for CMS of Classes I to IV...................................................................... 94
1. Scope
1.1. This Regulation applies:
(a) To compulsory and optional devices for indirect vision, set out in the table under paragraph 15.2.1.1.1. of this Regulation for vehicles of category M and N[4] and to compulsory and optional devices for indirect vision mentioned in paragraphs 15.2.1.1.3. and 15.2.1.1.4. of this Regulation for vehicles of category L1 with bodywork at least partly enclosing the driver;
[4]As defined in the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3.), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.6. - To the installation of devices for indirect visions on vehicles of categories M and N and on vehicles of category L1 with bodywork at least partly enclosing the driver.
1.2. This Regulation does not apply to devices other than those prescribed under paragraph 1.1.(a) and their installation, for observing the vision area(s) immediately adjacent to the front and/or the passenger's side of vehicles of category M1, M2, M3, N1 and N2 ≤ 7.5 t.
I. Devices for indirect vision
2. Definitions
For the purposes of this Regulation:
2.1. "Devices for indirect vision" means devices intended to give a clear view of the rear, side or front of the vehicle within the fields of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4. These can be conventional mirrors, camera-monitors or other devices able to present information about the indirect field of vision to the driver.
2.1.1. "Mirror" means any device, excluding devices such as periscopes, intended to give a clear view to the rear, side or front of the vehicle within the fields of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4. by means of a reflective surface.
2.1.1.1. "Interior mirror" means a device as defined in paragraph 2.1.1. above, which can be fitted in the passenger compartment of a vehicle.
2.1.1.2. "Exterior mirror" means a device as defined in paragraph 2.1.1. above, which can be mounted on the external surface of a vehicle.
2.1.1.3. "Surveillance mirror" means a mirror other than the ones defined in paragraph 2.1.1. above which can be fitted to the inside or outside of the vehicle in order to provide fields of vision other than those specified in paragraph 15.2.4. of this Regulation.
2.1.1.4. "r" means the average of the radii of curvature measured over the reflecting surface, in accordance with the method described in Annex 7.
2.1.1.5. "The principal radii of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface (ri)" means the values obtained with the apparatus defined in Annex 7, measured on the arc of the reflecting surface passing through the centre of this surface parallel to the segment b, as defined in paragraph 6.1.2.1.2.1. of this Regulation and on the arc perpendicular to this segment.
2.1.1.6. "The radius of curvature at one point on the reflecting surface (rp)" means the arithmetical average of the principal radii of curvature ri and , i.e.:
2.1.1.7. "Spherical surface" means a convex surface, which has, in both horizontal and vertical direction, measured radii of curvature compliant with the provisions given in paragraphs 6.1.2.2.2 and 6.1.2.2.4..
2.1.1.8. "Aspherical surface" means a convex surface, which may have variable radii of curvature both in the horizontal and vertical direction.
2.1.1.9. "Aspherical mirror" means a mirror composed of a spherical and an aspherical part, defined in 2.1.1.7 and 2.1.1.8 respectively, in which the transition of the reflecting surface from the spherical to the aspherical part has to be marked. The curvature of the main axis of the mirror is defined in the x/y coordinate system defined by the radius of the spherical primary calotte with:
Where:
R: nominal radius in the spherical part
k: constant for the change of curvature
a: constant for the spherical size of the spherical primary calotte
2.1.1.10. "Centre of the reflecting surface" means the centre of the visible area of the reflecting surface.
2.1.1.11. "The radius of curvature of the constituent parts of the mirror" means the radius "c" of the arc of the circle which most closely approximates to the curved form of the part in question.
2.1.2. "Camera-monitor system (CMS)" means a device for indirect vision as defined in paragraph 2.1., where the field of vision is obtained by means of a camera-monitor combination as defined in paragraphs 2.1.2.1. and 2.1.2.2. below.
2.1.2.1. "Camera" means a device that renders an image of the outside world and then converts this image into a signal (e.g. video signal).
2.1.2.2. "Monitor" means a device that converts a signal into images that are rendered into the visual spectrum.
2.1.3. "Other devices for indirect vision" means devices as defined in paragraph 2.1. above, where the field of vision is not obtained by means of a mirror or a camera-monitor device.
2.1.4. "Vision support system" means a system to enable the driver to detect and/or see objects in the area adjacent to the vehicle.
2.1.5. "Luminance contrast" means the brightness ratio between an object and its immediate background/surrounding that allows the object to be distinguished from its background/surroundings. The definition is in accordance with the definition given in ISO 9241-302:2008.
2.1.6. "Resolution" means the smallest detail that can be discerned with a perceptual system, i.e. perceived as separate from the larger whole. The resolution of the human eye is indicated as "visual acuity".
2.1.7."Critical object" means a cylindrical object with a height of 0.50 m and a diameter of 0.30 m.
2.1.8. "Critical perception" means the level of perception that can just be obtained under critical conditions via the viewing system used. This corresponds to the situation in which the representative scale of the critical object is multiple times larger than the smallest detail that can be perceived via the viewing system.
2.1.9. "Field of vision" means the section of the tri-dimensional space which is monitored with the help of a device for indirect vision. Unless otherwise stated, this is based on the view on ground level offered by a device and/or devices other than mirrors. This may be limited by the relevant detection distance corresponding to the critical object.
2.1.10. "Detection distance" means the distance measured from the centre of the lens of the camera to the point at which a critical object can just be perceived (as defined by the critical perception).
2.1.11. "Visual spectrum" means light with a wavelength within the range of the perceptual limits of the human eyes: 380‑780 nm.
2.1.12. "Smear" is a bright line displayed on the monitor while sun light or light from other bright light sources is directly hitting into the lens of the camera.
2.1.13. Mirror and CMS dual function system" means a CMS of Class I in which a monitor complying with this regulation is placed behind a semi-transparent mirror complying with this regulation. The monitor is visible in the CMS mode.
2.2. "Type of device for indirect vision" means devices that do not differ on the following essential characteristics:
(a) Design of the device inclusive, if pertinent, the attachment to the bodywork;
(b) In the case of mirrors, the class, the shape, the dimensions and radius of curvature of the mirror's reflecting surface;
(c) In the case of camera-monitor systems, the class, the field of view, the magnification and resolution.
2.3. "Surveillance camera-monitor-recording device" means a camera and either a monitor or recording equipment other than the camera-monitor system defined in paragraph 2.1.2. above which can be fitted to the inside or outside of the vehicle in order to provide fields of vision other than those specified in paragraph 15.2.4. of this Regulation or to provide a security system within or around the vehicle.
2.4. "Class of device for indirect vision" means all devices having one or more common characteristics or functions. They are classified as follows:
2.4.1. Class I: "Rear-view device", giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.1.
2.4.2. Class II and III: "Main rear-view device", giving the fields of vision defined in paragraphs 15.2.4.2. and 15.2.4.3.
2.4.3. Class IV: "Wide-angle view device", giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.4.
2.4.4. Class V: "Close-proximity view device", giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.5.
2.4.5. Class VI: "Front-view device", giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.6.
2.4.6. Class VII: Main rear-view mirrors intended for L category vehicles with bodywork giving the field of vision defined in paragraph 15.2.4.7.
2.5. "Point light source detection factor - PLSDF" means the level of distinctness of a pair of point light sources, based on luminance intensities and horizontal and vertical dimension of the rendition on the monitor.
2.6. "Point light source contrast factor - PLSCF" means the level of distinctness of a pair of point light sources, based on luminance differences between the maximum luminance of the luminance profile LH,max and the minimum luminance of the luminance profile LH,min in the horizontal direction (see Figure 3 of Annex 12).
3. Application for approval
3.1. The application for approval of a type of device for indirect vision shall be submitted by the holder of the trade name or mark or by his duly accredited representative.
3.2. A model of information document is shown in Annex 1.
3.3. For each type of device for indirect vision the application shall be accompanied by three samples of the parts.
3.4. The CMS shall be provided by the applicant with the following documents:
(a) Technical specification of the CMS; and
(b) Operator's manual.
4. Markings
4.1. The samples of devices for indirect vision submitted for approval shall bear the trade name or mark of the manufacturer; this marking shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
4.2. Every device for indirect vision shall possess, on at least one of the main components a space large enough to accommodate the approval mark, which shall be legible; this space shall be shown on the drawings referred to in Annex 1. The approval mark shall also be legible when the device is mounted on the vehicle with exception of camera-monitor devices as defined in paragraph 2.1.2. Other components of the device shall bear a means of identification. In the case of limited space for the approval mark(s), other means of identification that link it to the approval mark shall be provided.
5. Approval
5.1. If the samples submitted for approval meet the requirements of paragraph 6. of this Regulation, approval of the pertinent type of device for indirect vision shall be granted.
5.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 04) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party shall not assign the same number to another type of device for indirect vision.
5.3. Notice of approval or of refusal or of extension or withdrawal of approval or of production definitively discontinued of a type of device for indirect vision pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the Agreement which apply this Regulation by means of a form conforming to the model in Annex 3 to this Regulation.
5.4. There shall be affixed, on at least one of the main components, conspicuously and in the space referred to in paragraph 4.2. above, to every device for indirect vision, conforming to a type approved under this Regulation, in addition to the mark prescribed in paragraph 4.1. above, an international approval mark consisting of:
5.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval;[5]
[5] The distinguishing numbers of the Contracting Parties to the 1958 Agreement are reproduced in Annex 3 to the Consolidated Resolution on the Construction of Vehicles (R.E.3), document ECE/TRANS/WP.29/78/Rev.6 - An approval number;
5.4.3. Additional symbol(s) I or II or/and III or/and IV or/and V or/and VI or/and VII, specifying the class to which the type of device for indirect vision belongs. The additional symbol shall be placed in any convenient position in the vicinity of the circle containing the letter "E".
5.5. The approval mark and the additional symbol(s) shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
5.6. Annex 5 to this Regulation gives an example of the arrangement of the aforesaid approval mark and additional symbol.
6. Requirements
6.1. Mirrors
6.1.1. General specifications
6.1.1.1. All mirrors shall be adjustable.
6.1.1.2. (a) Rear-view mirrors (Classes II to VII)
The edge of the reflecting surface shall be enclosed in a protective housing (holder, etc.) which, on its perimeter, shall have a value "c" greater than or equal to 2.5 mm at all points and in all directions. If the reflecting surface projects beyond the protective housing, the radius of curvature "c" on the edge of the projecting part shall be not less than 2.5 mm and the reflecting surface shall return into the protective housing under a force of 50 N applied to the point of greatest projection, relative to the protective housing, in a horizontal direction, approximately parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.
(b) Rear-view mirrors (Class I)
In cases, where the edge of the reflecting surface is enclosed in a protective housing (holder, etc.), the radius of curvature "c" on its perimeter shall be not less than 2.5 mm at all points and in all directions. In cases, where the edge of the reflecting surface projects beyond the protective housing, this requirement shall apply to the edge of the projecting part.
6.1.1.3. When the mirror is mounted on a plane surface, all parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device, including those parts remaining attached to the support after the test provided for in paragraph 6.3.2. below, which are in potential, static contact with a sphere either 165 mm in diameter in the case of a Class I mirror or 100 mm in diameter in the case of a Class II to VII mirror, shall have a radius of curvature 'c' of not less than 2.5 mm.
6.1.1.4. The requirements in paragraphs 6.1.1.2. and 6.1.1.3. above shall not apply to parts of the external surface which protrude less than 5 mm, but the outward facing angles of such parts shall be blunted, save where such parts protrude less than 1.5 mm. For determining the dimension of the projection, the following method shall apply:
6.1.1.4.1. The dimension of the projection of a component which is mounted on a convex surface may be determined either directly or by reference to a drawing of an appropriate section of this component in its installed condition.
6.1.1.4.2. If the dimension of the projection of a component which is mounted on a surface other than convex cannot be determined by simple measurement, it shall be determined by the maximum variation of the distance of the centre of a 100 mm diameter sphere from the nominal line of the panel when the sphere is moved over and is in constant contact with that component.
Figure 1 shows an example of the use of this procedure.Figure 1
Example for the measurement by maximum variation
6.1.1.5. Edges of fixing holes or recesses of which the diameter or longest diagonal is less than 12 mm are exempt from the radius requirements of paragraph 6.1.1.3. above provided that they are blunted.
6.1.1.6. The device for the attachment of mirrors to the vehicle shall be so designed that a cylinder with a 70 mm radius (50 mm in the case of an L-category vehicle), having as its axis the axis, or one of the axes, of pivot or rotation which ensures deflection of the mirror in the direction of impact concerned, passes through at least part of the surface to which the device is attached.
6.1.1.7. The parts of Classes II to VII mirrors referred to in paragraphs 6.1.1.2. and 6.1.1.3. above which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness not exceeding 60 are exempt from the relevant provisions.
6.1.1.8. In the case of those parts of Class I mirrors which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of less than 50 and which are mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of paragraphs 6.1.1.2. and 6.1.1.3. above shall only apply to the support.
6.1.2. Special specifications
6.1.2.1. Dimensions
6.1.2.1.1. Rear-view mirrors (Class I)
The dimensions of the reflecting surface shall be such that it is possible to inscribe thereon a rectangle one side of which is 40 mm and the other 'a' mm in length, where
and "r" is the radius of curvature.
6.1.2.1.2. Main rear-view mirrors (Classes II and III)
6.1.2.1.2.1. The dimensions of the reflecting surface shall be such that it is possible to inscribe therein:
(a) A rectangle 40 mm high the base length of which, measured in millimetres, has the value "a";
(b) A segment which is parallel to the height of the rectangle and the length of which, expressed in millimetres, has the value "b".
6.1.2.1.2.2. The minimum values of "a" and "b" are given in the table below:
Class of rear-view mirror a [mm] b [mm] II 200 III 70 6.1.2.1.3. "Wide-angle" view mirrors (Class IV)
The contours of the reflecting surface shall be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that it provides, if necessary in conjunction with a Class II exterior mirror, the field of vision specified in paragraph 15.2.4.4. of this Regulation.
6.1.2.1.4. "Close-proximity" view mirrors (Class V)
The contours of the reflecting surface shall be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that the mirror provides the field of vision specified in paragraph 15.2.4.5. of this Regulation.
6.1.2.1.5. Front-view mirrors (Class VI)
The contours of the reflecting surface shall be of simple geometric form and its dimensions such that the mirror provides the field of vision specified in paragraph 15.2.4.6. of this Regulation.
6.1.2.1.6. Mirrors for category L vehicles with bodywork (Class VII)
6.1.2.1.6.1. "Main" rear-view mirrors (Class VII)
The minimum dimensions of the reflecting surface shall be such that:
(a) Its area shall not be less than 6,900 mm2;
(b) The diameter of circular mirrors shall not be less than 94 mm;
(c) Where rear-view mirrors are not circular, their dimensions shall enable a 78 mm-diameter circle to be prescribed on their reflecting surface.
The maximum dimensions of the reflecting surface shall be such that:
(a) The diameter of any circular rear-view mirror shall not be greater than 150 mm;
(b) The reflecting surface of any non-circular rear-view mirror shall lie within a rectangle measuring 120 mm x 200 mm.
6.1.2.2. Reflecting surface and coefficients of reflection
6.1.2.2.1. The reflecting surface of a mirror shall be either flat or convex. Exterior mirrors may be equipped with an additional aspherical part provided that the main mirror fulfils the requirements of the indirect field of vision.
6.1.2.2.2. Differences between the radii of curvature of mirrors
6.1.2.2.2.1. The difference between ri or r'i, and rp at each reference point shall not exceed 0.15 r.
6.1.2.2.2.2. The difference between any of the radii of curvature (rp1, rp2, and rp3) and r shall not exceed 0.15 r.
6.1.2.2.2.3. When r is not less than 3,000 mm, the value of 0.15 r quoted in paragraphs 6.1.2.2.2.1. and 6.1.2.2.2.2. above is replaced by 0.25 r.
6.1.2.2.3. Requirements for aspherical parts of mirrors
6.1.2.2.3.1. Aspherical mirrors shall be of sufficient size and shape to provide useful information to the driver. This normally means a minimum width of 30 mm at some point.
6.1.2.2.3.2. The radius of curvature ri of the aspherical part shall not be less than 150 mm.
6.1.2.2.4. Value of "r" for spherical mirrors shall not be less than:
6.1.2.2.4.1. 1,200 mm for rear-view mirrors (Class I);
6.1.2.2.4.2. 1,200 mm for Class II and III main rear-view mirrors;
6.1.2.2.4.3. 300 mm for "wide-angle" mirrors (Class IV) and "close-proximity" mirrors (Class V);
6.1.2.2.4.4. 200 mm for front mirrors (Class VI).
6.1.2.2.4.5. 1,000 mm or more than 1,500 mm for Class VII main rear-view mirrors.
6.1.2.2.5. The value of the normal coefficient of reflection, as determined according to the method described in Annex 6, shall be not less than 40 per cent.
In the case of reflecting surfaces with a changeable degree of reflection, the "day" position shall allow the colours of the signals used for road traffic to be recognized. The value of the normal coefficient of reflection in the "night" position shall be not less than 4 per cent.
6.1.2.2.6. The reflecting surface shall retain the characteristics laid down in paragraph 6.1.2.2.5. above in spite of prolonged exposure to adverse weather conditions in normal use.
6.2. Devices for indirect vision other than mirrors
6.2.1. General requirements
6.2.1.1. If adjustment by the user is needed, the device for indirect vision shall be adjustable without the use of tools.
6.2.1.2. If a device for indirect vision can only render the total prescribed field of vision by scanning the field of vision, the total process of scanning, rendering and reset to its initial position together shall not take more than 200 milliseconds at room temperature of 22 °C ± 5 °C.
6.2.1.3. The effectiveness of the CMS of Classes I to IV shall not be adversely affected by magnetic or electrical fields. This shall be demonstrated by compliance with the technical requirements and transitional provisions of Regulation No. 10, 04 series of amendments or any later series of amendments.
6.2.2. Camera-monitor systems
The requirements of paragraph 6.2.2.1. shall be considered to be satisfied in the case of monitors of a vehicle that fulfills the provisions of Regulation No. 21.
6.2.2.1. General requirements
6.2.2.1.1. When the devices of the camera-monitor system are mounted in the position recommended by the manufacturer for normal driving, all parts, irrespective of the adjustment position of the device which are in potential, static contact with a sphere either 165 mm in diameter in the case of a CMS or parts of CMS installed inside the vehicle or 100 mm in diameter in the case of a CMS or parts of CMS installed outside the vehicle, shall have a radius of curvature "c" of not less than 2.5 mm.
6.2.2.1.2. Edges of fixing holes or recesses of which the diameter or longest diagonal is less than 12 mm are exempt from the radius requirements of paragraph 6.2.2.1.1. above provided that they are blunted.
6.2.2.1.3. For parts of the camera and the monitor which are made of a material with a Shore A hardness of less than 60 and which are mounted on a rigid support, the requirements of paragraph 6.2.2.1.1. above shall only apply to the support.
6.2.2.2. Functional requirements for camera-monitor devices of Classes V and VI
6.2.2.2.1. The camera shall function well in conditions in which sunlight falls on the camera. The saturated area, defined as the area in which the luminance contrast ratio (C=Lw/Lb) of a high contrast pattern falls below 2.0, shall not cover more than 15 per cent of the displayed image under the conditions of paragraphs 6.2.2.2.1.1. to 6.2.2.2.1.4. below.
In the case the camera system shows dynamical changes in the blooming area during the test the maximum blooming area shall fulfill the requirements.
6.2.2.2.1.1. A black and white test pattern, having a minimum contrast ratio of 20 shall be positioned in front of the camera.
The test pattern shall be evenly illuminated at an illumination of 3,000 ± 300 lx.
The test pattern shall be medium gray on average and cover the complete area viewed by the camera; the camera shall view no other objects than the test pattern.
6.2.2.2.1.2. The camera shall be hit by a (simulated sun) light of 40 klx, spanning an angle between 0.6 and 0.9° with an elevation angle of 10° (directly or indirectly via a mirror) removed from the optical axis of the sensor.
The light source shall:
(a) Have a spectrum D65 with a tolerance of ±1,500 K;
(b) Be homogeneous in space and time within a tolerance of 2 klx.
The emission of the light source in infrared shall be negligible.
6.2.2.2.1.3. There shall be no ambient illumination of the monitor during the test.
6.2.2.2.1.4. An example of the set-up is given in the Figure A below.
Figure A
Diagram of the blooming measurement set-up
1: Black and white test pattern.
2: Lamps to make the test pattern evenly illuminated.
3: Mirror.
4: High intensity light.
5: Camera.
6: Monitor.
6.2.2.2.2. The monitor shall render a minimum contrast under various light conditions as specified by ISO 15008:2003.
6.2.2.2.3. It shall be possible to adjust the average luminance of the monitor either manually or automatically to the ambient conditions.
6.2.2.2.4. The measurements for the luminance contrast of the monitor shall be carried out according to ISO 15008:2009.
6.2.2.3. Functional requirements for camera-monitor devices of Classes I to IV (see Annex 12).
Unless otherwise specified in this Regulation, the definitions and symbols used in paragraph 6.2.2.3. are in accordance with ISO 16505:2015,
Chapters 3 and 4.
Unless otherwise specified in this Regulation, the requirements given in paragraph 6.2.2.3. shall be verified according to the test procedures given in ISO 16505:2015, Chapter 7, where available.
6.2.2.3.1. Luminance adjustment
It shall be possible to adjust the average luminance of the monitor either manually or automatically to the ambient conditions.
6.2.2.3.2. Operating readiness (System availability)
If the system is not operational (e.g. CMS failure), it shall be indicated to the driver by i.e. warning indication, display information, absence of status indicator. The operator's manual shall explain the information indicated.
6.2.2.3.3. Image quality
6.2.2.3.3.1. Monitor isotropy
The monitor shall conform to optical requirements over the range of viewing directions that is specified in the following paragraphs.
6.2.2.3.3.1.1. Directional uniformity
When driven by an artificial 70 per cent grey-scale image, the deviation of the monitor luminance from the luminance white level with specific viewing direction (Ɵ, ϕ) = (Ɵmonitor/D, ϕ monitor/D) shall be such that the ratio relative to the luminance white level for the same specific viewing direction L(Ɵmonitor/D, ϕ monitor/D) does not exceed 35 per cent of the luminance white level for the monitor standard isotropy range and shall not exceed 50 per cent of the luminance white level for the monitor extended isotropy range.
For the standard isotropy range:
,
for points i = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 as defined in Table 1 below.
Table 1
Measurement directions for standard isotropy range
Direction i horizontal/
degree
vertical/
degree
1 -7 +6 2 0 +6 3 +7 +6 4 -7 0 5 N/A N/A 6 +7 0 7 -7 -6 8 0 -6 9 +7 -6
For the extended isotropy range:
,
for points i' = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 as defined in Table 2 below.
Table 2
Measurement directions for extended isotropy range
Direction i' horizontal/ degree vertical/
degree
1 -12 +11 2 0 +11 3 +12 +11 4 -12 0 5 N/A N/A 6 +12 0 7 -12 -11 8 0 -11 9 +12 -11
6.2.2.3.3.1.2. Lateral uniformity
The luminance white lateral dependency shall satisfy:
,
for points j = 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 as defined in Table 3 below, where (Ɵ, ϕ) = (0, 0).
Table 3
Measurement points for the lateral uniformity
Point j Percentage of
Wmonitor/horizontal
from top left corner
Percentage of
Hmonitor/horizontal
from top left corner
1 20 20 2 50 20 3 80 20 4 20 50 5 50 50 6 80 50 7 20 80 8 50 80 9 80 80
6.2.2.3.3.2. Luminance and contrast rendering
For luminance and contrast rendering the following requirements shall apply:
(a) The minimum luminance contrast at the monitor (including any screen protector) reproducing a high contrast pattern shall be:
(i) For direct sunlight condition: 2:1;
(ii) For day condition with diffuse ambient light: 3:1;
(iii) For sunset condition: 2:1;
(iv) For night condition: 10:1 except in the case of Mirror and CMS dual function system of class I: 5:1.
(b) The night condition for the camera's field of view is replicated in a dark environment such that the maximum illuminance on the objects to be measured shall not exceed 2.0 lx;
(c) The background luminance of the monitor shall be limited under the night condition. The maximum background luminance under the night condition shall be less than 2.0 cd/m²;
(d) The instructions for use shall contain a note that sunlight or light from other intense light source upon the monitor reduces the luminance contrast which may require the driver to be particularly alert and attentive.
6.2.2.3.3.2.1. Day condition with diffuse sky-light exposure test
For the day condition with diffuse sky-light exposure, the test method given in ISO 16505:2015, subclause 7.8.2., Test 2 shall be applied, but a value of 4,000 to 4,200 cd/m2 for luminance diffuse illuminator shall be used.
At the request of the manufacturer, the value for luminance diffuse illuminator may be determined by using the diagram of figure below.
Ratio of projected area vs. luminance of the diffuse illuminator
Procedure for determining the ration of the projected area leaving the vehicle:
(a) Determine the projected area in the vehicle that represents the mirror reflected direction from the monitor extended isotropy range.
(b) Evaluation shall be made in the centre of the monitor defined size, under consideration of the monitor design viewing direction (see figure below).
This projected area represents the 100 per cent of the surface to be considered.
Based on virtual testing, evaluate the ratio of the projected area that leaves the vehicle openings (e.g. through a side door window, rear window or sunroof; however, for example a sunroof having an opaque shutter shall not be considered an opening).
Case when the orientation of the mirror and CMS dual function system of Class I is adjustable:
Based on virtual testing, if the applicant demonstrates that the Mirror and CMS dual function system of Class I adjustment range permits a driver to avoid any incident specular light from the vehicle opening while a driver's eye is within any fixed position of the standard isotropy range, then the value for luminance diffuse illuminator shall be the one of ISO 16505:2015 subclause 7.8.2., Test 2: 1,300 to 1,500 cd/m².
6.2.2.3.3.3. Grey scale rendering
A CMS shall have a sufficient grey scale rendering. CMS shall display a tonal range of at least eight distinguishable different grey tonal steps on the monitor.
For the grey scale rendering, the test method of paragraph 1.4. of Annex 12 shall be applied.
6.2.2.3.3.4. Colour rendering
For colour rendering, the hue angle of reproduced colour of the chart patches on the monitor shall satisfy the following requirements. The colour coordinates are described based in the CIE 1976 uniform colour space:
(a) Red colour coordinates shall not exceed the range of (0°, 44.8°) or (332.2°, 360°);
(b) Green colour coordinates shall not exceed the range of (96.6°, 179.9°);
(c) Blue colour coordinates shall not exceed the range of (209.9°, 302.2°);
(d) Yellow colour coordinates shall not exceed the range of (44.8°, 96.6°);
(e) To distinguish from the white colour, define distance from white as
Ri ≥ 0.02, where Ri is the chromatic distance of each colour patch
(i = Red, Green, Blue, Yellow), relative to white (i = White).
Figure B shows an illustrative tolerance range described on CIE 1976 uniform colour space.
Figure B
Amber, blue and red light signals shall be distinguishable from each other.
6.2.2.3.3.5. Artefacts
The operator's manual shall refer to possible artefacts and their impact on the partial occlusion of the field of view and of the objects which may require the driver to be particularly alert and attentive.
6.2.2.3.3.5.1. Smear
Smear shall be transparent and not be more than 10 per cent of the maximum luminance value of the displayed glare source luminance level, which causes smear effect.
6.2.2.3.3.5.2. Blooming and lens flare
The total area of disturbing blooming and lens flare areas shall not cover more than 25 per cent of the displayed camera image.
6.2.2.3.3.5.3. Point light sources
The CMS shall have an operation mode in which the driver of the vehicle equipped with CMS can recognize two point light sources (e.g. passing beam headlights) rendered as two distinguishable separate point light sources.
In this operation mode, a set of two point light sources corresponding to a vehicle passing beam headlamp each having a reference luminous intensity 1,750 cd and being separated each other laterally by 1.3 m and located at a distance of 250 m away from the CMS shall be distinguishable as two point light source. This requirement is applicable to Class I, Class II and Class III devices for indirect vision.
The point light source detection factor (PLSDF) shall be at least 2.7 or the point light source contrast factor (PLSCF) shall be at least 0.12, whichever is satisfied by the CMS test under the conditions and the test procedure described in Annex 12, paragraph 1.3.
If the system is in a mode where point light sources are not rendered as described above, this shall be indicated to the driver. The information indicated shall be explained in the operator's manual.
6.2.2.3.3.6. Sharpness and depth of field
6.2.2.3.3.6.1. Sharpness
The sharpness is represented by the MTF50(1:1) and it shall satisfy:
(a) Horizontal and vertical MTF50(1:1) at center
(b) Horizontal and vertical MTF50(1:1) at corners (70 per cent of image height)
6.2.2.3.3.6.2. Depth of field
The CMS shall enable the driver to observe the occupied space by the object and perceive the content shown within the range of interest with detailed resolution. The MTF10(1:1), when measured at different distances to the object, shall satisfy at least the minimum resolution for the following points:
(a) Resolution at point 1 (10 m as representative point for infinity) and point 2 (middle distance at 6 m)
(b) Resolution at point 3 (Close distance at 4 meters)
6.2.2.3.3.7. Geometric distortion
For CMS of Classes I, II and III the maximum distortion within the minimum required field of view shall not exceed 20 per cent relative to recto-linear or pinhole projection.
This performance shall be tested according to the method given in ISO 16505:2015, Annex G.3.
6.2.2.3.3.8. Further image quality requirements
6.2.2.3.3.8.1. Flicker
The entire image area of the monitor shall be free of flicker according to the test method of Annex 12, paragraph 1.2.
6.2.2.3.4. Time behaviour
6.2.2.3.4.1. Frame rate
Movements of objects in front of the camera shall be rendered smooth and fluid. The minimum frame rate of the system (update rate of the image information) shall be at least 30 Hz. At low light conditions or while maneuvering at low speed, the minimum frame rate of the system (i.e. update rate of the image information) shall be at least 15 Hz.
6.2.2.3.4.2. Image formation time
The image formation time of the monitor shall be less than 55 ms at a temperature of 22 °C ± 5 °C.
This performance shall be tested according to the method given in
ISO 9241-305:2008.
6.2.2.3.4.3. System latency
A CMS shall have a sufficient short latency to render the scenery nearly at the same time. The latency shall be lower than 200 ms at room temperature 22 °C ± 5 °C.
6.2.2.3.5. Quality and further ergonomic requirements
6.2.2.3.5.1. Glare due to high luminance of the monitor
In order to avoid glare from a high luminance of the monitor, the luminance shall be dimmable in the night condition either manually or automatically.
6.2.3. Other devices for indirect vision
It has to be proved that the device meets the following requirements:
6.2.3.1. The device shall perceive the visual spectrum and shall always render this image without the need for interpretation into the visual spectrum.
6.2.3.2. The functionality shall be guaranteed under the circumstances of use in which the system shall be put into service. Depending on the technology used in obtaining images and presenting them paragraph 6.2.2.2. above shall be entirely or partly applicable. In other cases this can be achieved by establishing and demonstrating by means of system sensitivity analogous to paragraph 6.2.2.2. above that a function is ensured that is comparable to or better than what is required for and by demonstrating that a functionality is guaranteed that is equivalent or better than that required for mirror- or camera-monitor type devices for indirect vision.
6.3. Test
The requirements of paragraph 6.3. shall be considered to be satisfied in the case of monitors of a vehicle fulfilling the provisions of Regulation No. 21.
6.3.1.Devices for indirect vision in Classes I to VI and Class VII mirrors (having fitments identical to Class III) shall be subjected to the tests described in paragraphs 6.3.2.1. and 6.3.2.2. below. Class VII mirrors with a stem, shall be subjected to the tests described in paragraph 6.3.2.3. below.
6.3.1.1. The test provided for in paragraph 6.3.2. below shall not be required in the case of any Class II to IV exterior device for indirect vision of which no part is less than 2 m from the ground, regardless of the adjustment position, when the vehicle is under a load corresponding to its maximum technically permissible mass.
This derogation also applies to the attachments of devices for indirect vision (attachment plates, arms, swivel joints, etc.) which are situated less than 2 m from the ground and which do not project beyond the overall width of the vehicle, measured in the transverse plane passing through the lowest mirror attachments or any other point forward of this plane if this configuration produces a greater overall width.
In such cases, a description specifying that the device for indirect vision shall be mounted so as to conform to the above-mentioned conditions for the positioning of its attachments on the vehicle shall be provided.
Where advantage is taken of this derogation, the arm shall be indelibly marked with the symbol
and the type approval certificate shall be endorsed to this effect.
6.3.2. Impact test
The test according to this paragraph is not to be carried out for devices integrated in the bodywork of the vehicle and providing a frontal deflecting area of an angle not more than 45° measured in relation to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle, or devices not protruding more than 100 mm measured beyond the circumscribing bodywork of the vehicle according to Regulation No. 26.
6.3.2.1. Description of the test rig
6.3.2.1.1. The test rig consists of a pendulum capable of swinging about two horizontal axes at right angles to each other, one of which is perpendicular to the plane containing the "release" trajectory of the pendulum.
The end of the pendulum comprises a hammer formed by a rigid sphere with a diameter of 165 ± 1 mm having a 5 mm thick rubber covering of Shore A hardness 50.
A device is provided which permits determination of the maximum angle assumed by the arm in the plane of release.
A support firmly fixed to the structure of the pendulum serves to hold the specimens in compliance with the impact requirements specified in paragraph 6.1.3.2.2.6. below.
Figure 1 below gives the dimensions (in mm) of the test rig and the special design specifications:
Figure 1
6.3.2.1.2. The centre of percussion of the pendulum coincides with the centre of the sphere, which forms the hammer. It is at a distance l from the axis of oscillation in the release plane, which is equal to 1 m ± 5 mm. The reduced mass of the pendulum is mo = 6.8 ± 0.05 kilograms. The relationship of mo to the total mass m of the pendulum and to the distance d between the centre of gravity of the pendulum and its axis of rotation is expressed in the equation:
6.3.2.2. Description of the test
6.3.2.2.1. The procedure used to clamp the device for indirect vision to the support shall be that recommended by the manufacturer of the device or, where appropriate, by the vehicle manufacturer.
6.3.2.2.2. Positioning of the device for indirect vision for the test
6.3.2.2.2.1. Devices for indirect vision shall be positioned on the pendulum impact rig in such a way that the axes which are horizontal and vertical when the mirror is installed on a vehicle in accordance with the applicant's mounting instructions are in a similar position;
6.3.2.2.2.2. When a device for indirect vision is adjustable with respect to the base, the test position shall be that in which any pivoting device is least likely to operate, within the limits of adjustment provided by the applicant;
6.3.2.2.2.3. When the device for indirect vision has a device for adjusting its distance from the base, the device shall be set in the position in which the distance between the housing and the base is shortest;
6.3.2.2.2.4. In the case of mirrors, when the reflecting surface is mobile in the housing, it shall be so adjusted that the upper corner, which is furthest from the vehicle, is in the position of greatest projection relative to the housing.
6.3.2.2.3. In the case of mirrors, except in the case of test 2 for Class I mirrors (see paragraph 6.3.2.2.7.1. below), when the pendulum is in a vertical position the horizontal and longitudinal vertical planes passing through the centre of the hammer shall pass through the centre of the reflecting surface as defined in paragraph 2.1.1.10. of this Regulation. The longitudinal direction of oscillation of the pendulum shall be parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle.
6.3.2.2.4. In the case of camera-monitor systems, when the pendulum is in a vertical position the horizontal and longitudinal vertical planes passing through the centre of the hammer shall pass through the centre of the lens or of the transparent protection part protecting the lens. The longitudinal direction of oscillation of the pendulum shall be parallel to the longitudinal median plane of the vehicle. If the test is performed with a shutter camera system, the shutter has to be open during the pendulum impact.
6.3.2.2.5. When, under the conditions governing adjustment laid down in paragraphs 6.3.2.2.1. and 6.3.2.2.2. above parts of the device for indirect vision limit the return of the hammer, the point of impact shall be displaced in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation or pivoting in question.
The displacement shall be no greater than is strictly necessary for the execution of the test; it shall be limited in such a way that:
(a) Either the sphere delimiting the hammer remains at least tangential to the cylinder as defined in paragraph 6.1.1.6.;
11. Modification and extension of approval of a
type of rear-view mirror
11.1. Every modification of the vehicle type shall be notified to the administrative department which approved the type of rear‑view mirror. The department may then either:
11.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the rear‑view mirror still complies with the requirements; or
11.1.2. Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.
11.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 5.3 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.
11.3. The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.
12. Production definitely discontinued
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a type of rear‑view mirror approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.
II Installation of rear-view mirrors
13. Definitions
For the purpose of this Regulation,
13.1. "The maximum design speed" as specified in paragraph 16.2. of this Regulation.
13.2. "Type of vehicle as regards rear‑view mirrors" means vehicles which are identical in respect of the following basic features:
13.2.1. The geometrical features of the vehicle, liable to influence the installation of rear‑view mirrors,
13.2.2. The positions and types of rear‑view mirror specified.
14. Application for approval
14.1. The application for approval of a vehicle type with regard to the installation of rear‑view mirrors shall be submitted by the vehicle manufacturer or by his duly accredited representative.
14.2. It shall be accompanied by the undermentioned documents in triplicate and by the following particulars:
14.2.1. A description of the vehicle type with respect to the items mentioned in paragraph 13.2. above;
14.2.2. A list of the components necessary to identify rear‑view mirrors which can be installed in the vehicle;
14.2.3. Drawings showing the position of the rear‑view mirror and its adapting components on the vehicle.
14.3. A vehicle representative of the vehicle type to be approved shall be submitted to the technical service responsible for conducting the approval tests.
14.4. The competent authority shall verify the existence of satisfactory arrangements for ensuring effective control of the conformity of production before type‑approval is granted.
15. Approval
15.1. If the vehicle type submitted for approval in accordance with paragraph 14 above meets the requirements of paragraph 16 of this Regulation, approval shall be granted.
15.2. An approval number shall be assigned to each type approved. Its first two digits (at present 00, for the Regulation in its original form) shall indicate the series of amendments incorporating the most recent major technical amendments made to the Regulation at the time of issue of the approval. The same Contracting Party may not assign the same number to another vehicle type.
15.3. Notice of approval or of extension or refusal of approval of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation shall be communicated to the Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation, by means of a form conforming to the model in annex 2 to this Regulation.
15.4. There shall be affixed, conspicuously and in a readily accessible place specified on the approval form, to every vehicle conforming to a type approved under this Regulation an international approval mark consisting of:
15.4.1. A circle surrounding the letter "E" followed by the distinguishing number of the country which has granted approval,4
4 See footnote 3/ of para. 5.4.1.
15.4.2. The number of this Regulation, followed by the letter "R", a dash and the approval number to the right of the circle prescribed in paragraph 15.4.1.
15.5. If the vehicle conforms to a vehicle type approved, under one or more other Regulations annexed to the Agreement, in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation, the symbol prescribed in paragraph 15.4.1. need not be repeated; in such a case, the Regulation and approval numbers and the additional symbols of all the Regulations under which approval has been granted in the country which has granted approval under this Regulation shall be placed in vertical columns to the right of the symbol prescribed in paragraph 15.4.1.
15.6. The approval mark shall be clearly legible and be indelible.
15.7. The approval mark shall be placed close to or on the vehicle data plate affixed by the manufacturer.
15.8. Annex 4 to this Regulation gives examples of arrangements of the approval mark.
16. Requirements
16.1. The vehicle shall meet the following requirements:
16.1.1. The rear‑view mirrors installed on the vehicle shall be of Class/L type approved under this Regulation.
16.1.2. Rear‑view mirrors shall be fixed in such a way that they remain steady under normal conditions of use.
16.2. Number
16.2.1. All two-wheeled vehicles with a maximum design speed not exceeding 50 km/h must be fitted with at least one rear-view mirror. If one only, this rear-view mirror must be fitted on the left side of the vehicle in countries with right‑hand rule of the road, and on the right side of the vehicle in countries with left‑hand rule of the road.
16.2.2. All two-wheeled vehicles with a maximum design speed exceeding 50 km/h and all three-wheeled vehicles must be fitted with two rear-view mirrors, one on the left and one on the right of the vehicle.
16.3. Site
16.3.1. Rear‑view mirrors must be mounted or adjusted in such a way that the distance of the centre of the reflective surface, as measured in a horizontal plane, is at least 280 mm outward from the longitudinal vertical plane passing through the centre of the steering head of the vehicle. Before the measurement, the handlebar shall be placed in the straight ahead position and the mirror(s) shall be adjusted to its (their) normal position.
16.4. Adjustment
16.4.1. Rear‑view mirror(s) shall be such that the driver can adjust it (them) in the normal driving position.
17. Conformity of production
17.1. Any vehicle approved pursuant to this Regulation shall be so manufactured as to conform to the type approved by meeting the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above.
17.2. In order to verify that the requirements of paragraph 17.1. above are met, suitable controls of the production shall be carried out.
17.3. The holder of the approval shall in particular:
17.3.1. Ensure existence of procedures for the effective control of the quality of the vehicles as regards all aspects relevant for compliance with the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above;
17.3.2. Ensure that for each type of vehicle sufficient checks are carried out as regards the number and type of the rear‑view mirrors and the dimensions relevant for their correct installation in order to ensure that all vehicles in production comply with the specifications given for the vehicle which was submitted for type‑ approval;
17.3.3. Ensure that, if the checks carried out pursuant to paragraph 17.3.2. above give evidence of non‑conformity of one or more vehicles with the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above, all necessary steps are taken to re‑establish the conformity of the corresponding production.
17.4. The competent authority which has granted type‑approval may at any time verify the conformity control methods applicable to each production unit. It may also carry out any random checks on serially‑manufactured vehicles regarding the requirements set out in paragraph 16 above.
17.5. In the case where negative results are recorded during the verifications and checks pursuant to paragraph 17.4. above, the competent authority shall ensure that all necessary steps are taken to re‑establish the conformity of production as rapidly as possible.
18. Penalties for non-conformity of production
18.1. The approval granted in respect of a vehicle type pursuant to this Regulation may be withdrawn if the requirements set forth above are not met.
18.2. If a Contracting Party to the Agreement applying this Regulation withdraws an approval it has previously granted, it shall forthwith so notify the other Contracting Parties applying this Regulation, by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 1 to this Regulation.
19. Modification and extension of approval of the vehicle type
19.1. Every modification of the vehicle type shall be notified to the administrative department which approved the vehicle type. The department may then either:
19.1.1. Consider that the modifications made are unlikely to have an appreciable adverse effect and that in any case the vehicle still complies with the requirements; or
19.1.2. Require a further test report from the technical service responsible for conducting the tests.
19.2. Confirmation or refusal of approval, specifying the alterations shall be communicated by the procedure specified in paragraph 15.3 above to the Parties to the Agreement applying this Regulation.
19.3. The competent authority issuing the extension of approval shall assign a series number for such an extension and inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 2 to this Regulation.
20. Production definitely discontinued
If the holder of the approval completely ceases to manufacture a vehicle type approved in accordance with this Regulation, he shall so inform the authority which granted the approval. Upon receiving the relevant communication, that authority shall inform thereof the other Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation by means of a communication form conforming to the model in annex 2 to this Regulation.
21. Names and addresses of technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of administrative departments
The Parties to the 1958 Agreement applying this Regulation shall communicate to the United Nations Secretariat the names and addresses of the technical services responsible for conducting approval tests and of the administrative departments which grant approval and to which forms certifying approval or extension or refusal or withdrawal of approval, issued in other countries, are to be sent.
Annex 1
(maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm))
issued by: Name of administration:
.......................
.......................
.......................
concerning: 2/ Approval granted
1/ Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/
Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Production definitively discontinued
of a type of rear‑view mirror pursuant to Regulation No. 81
Approval No. ... Extension No. ...
1. Trade name or mark of the equipment:................................................................................
2. Equipment type:........................................................................................................................
3. Brief description including in particular the following information:
3.1. Main dimensions of the reflecting surface............................................................................
3.2. Nominal radius of curvature...................................................................................................
4. Manufacturer's name and address:.......................................................................................
5. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's representative:...............................
6. Equipment submitted for approval on:.................................................................................
7. Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests:...........................................
8. Date of report issued by that service:....................................................................................
9. Number of report issued by that service:..............................................................................
10. Vehicles for which the equipment is designed:.....................................................................
11. Approval is granted/refused/extended/withdrawn 2/...........................................................
12. Reason(s) for extension of approval:....................................................................................
13. Place:...........................................................................................................................................
14. Date:............................................................................................................................................
15. Signature:....................................................................................................................................
16. A list of documents contained in the approval file transmitted to the administrative service which has granted approval is annexed to this communication.
_______________
Annex 2
(maximum format: A4 (210 x 297 mm))
issued by: Name of administration:
.......................
.......................
.......................
concerning: 2/ Approval granted
1/ Distinguishing number of the country which has granted/extended/
Approval extended
Approval refused
Approval withdrawn
Production definitively discontinued
of a type of vehicle with regard to the installation of rear‑view mirrors pursuant to Regulation No. 81
Approval No. ... Extension No. ...
1. Trade name or mark of the vehicle:......................................................................................
2. Vehicle type:...............................................................................................................................
3. Vehicle maximum design speed: 2/ £ 50 km/h / > 50 km/h................................................
4. Manufacturer's name and address.........................................................................................
5. If applicable, name and address of manufacturer's representative:...............................
6. Trade name or mark of rear‑view mirror(s):.........................................................................
7. Approval mark of the rear mirror:..........................................................................................
8. Vehicle submitted for approval on:...................................................................................... .
9. Technical service responsible for conducting approval tests:...........................................
10. Date of report issued by that service:....................................................................................
11. Number of report issued by that service:..............................................................................
12. Approval is granted/refused/extended/withdrawn 2/...........................................................
13. Reason(s) for extension of approval:....................................................................................
14. Place:...........................................................................................................................................
15. Date:............................................................................................................................................
16. Signature:....................................................................................................................................
17. A list of documents contained in the approval file transmitted to the administrative service which has granted approval is annexed to this communication.
______________
Annex 3
Arrangement of the rear-view mirror approval mark
(See paragraph 5.4. of the Regulation)
a = 8 mm min
The above approval mark affixed to a rear‑view mirror indicates that the mirror is a rear‑view mirror, of type L, which has been approved in the/Netherlands (E 4) under approval number 002439. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No./81 in its original form.
Note: The approval number and the additional symbol must be placed close to the circle and either above or below the "E" or to the left or right of that letter. The digits of the approval number must be on the same side of the "E" and point in the same direction. The additional symbol must be directly opposite the approval number. The use of Roman numerals as approval numbers should be avoided so as to prevent any confusion with other symbols.
___________________
Annex 4
Arrangements of the vehicle approval mark concerning the installation of rear-view mirrors
Model A
(See paragraph 15.4. of the Regulation)
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulation No. 81 under approval number 002439. The first two digits of the approval number indicate that the approval was granted in accordance with the requirements of Regulation No. 81 in its original form.
Model B
(See paragraph 15.5. of the Regulation)
The above approval mark affixed to a vehicle shows that the vehicle type concerned has been approved in the Netherlands (E 4) pursuant to Regulations Nos. 81 and 47. 1/ The first two digits of the approval numbers indicate that, at the dates when the respective approvals were granted, Regulation No. 81 had not been modified, and Regulation No. 47 already included the 01 series of amendments.
1/ The second number is given as an example only
Annex 5
Test method for determining reflectivity
1. Definitions
1.1. CIE standard illuminant A: 1/
1/ Definitions taken from CIE Publication 50 (45), International Electronical Vocabulary, Group/45: lighting.
λ ( λ )
600 1.062 2
620 0.854 4
650 0.283 5
1.2. CIE standard source A: 1/ Gas‑filled tungsten filament lamp operating at a correlated colour temperature of T68 = 2,855.6 K.
1.3. CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer: 1/ Receptor of radiation whose colorimetric characteristics correspond to the spectral tristimulus values ( λ), y( λ ), z (λ ) (see table).
1.4. CIE spectral tristimulus values: 1/ Tristimulus values of the spectral components of an equi‑energy spectrum in the CIE (XYZ) system.
1.5. Photopic vision: 1/ Vision by the normal eye when it is adapted to levels of luminance of at least several candelas per square metre.
2. Apparatus
2.1. General
2.1.1. The apparatus shall consist of a light source, a holder for the test sample, a receiver unit with a photodetector and an indicating meter (see figure 1), and a means of eliminating the effects of extraneous light.
2.1.2. The receiver may incorporate a light‑integrating sphere to facilitate measuring the reflectance of non‑flat (convex) mirrors (see figure 2).
2.2. Spectral characteristics of light source and receiver.
2.2.1. The light source shall consist of a CIE standard source A and associated optics to provide a near‑collimated light beam. A voltage stabilizer is recommended to maintain a fixed lamp voltage during instrument operation.
2.2.2. The receiver shall have a photodetector with a spectral response proportional to the photopic luminosity function of the CIE (1931) standard colorimetric observer (see table). Any other combination of illuminant‑filter‑receptor giving the overall equivalent of CIE standard illuminant A and photopic vision may be used. When an integrating sphere is used in the receiver, the interior surface of the sphere shall be coated with a matt (diffusive) spectrally non‑selective white coating.
2.3. Geometric conditions
2.3.1. The angle of the incident beam (0) should preferably be 0.44 +0.09 rad (25 + 5º) from the perpendicular to the test surface and shall not exceed the upper limit of the tolerance (i.e. 0.53 rad or 30º). The axis of the receptor shall make an angle (0) with this perpendicular equal to that of the incident beam (see figure 1). The incident beam upon arrival at the test surface shall have a diameter of not less than 19 mm. The reflected beam shall not be wider than the sensitive area of the photodetector, shall not cover less than 50% of such area, and as nearly as possible shall cover the same area segment as used during instrument calibration.
2.3.2. When an integrating sphere is used in the receiver section, the sphere shall have a minimum diameter of 127 mm. The sample and incident beam apertures in the sphere wall shall be of such a size as to admit the entire incident and reflected light beams. The photodetector shall be located so as not to receive direct light from either the incident or the reflected beams.
2.4. Electrical characteristics of the photodetector‑indicator unit
The photodetector output as read on the indicating meter shall be a linear function of the light intensity on the photosensitive area. Means (electrical and/or optical) shall be provided to facilitate zeroing and calibration adjustments. Such means shall not affect the linearity or the spectral characteristics of the instrument. The accuracy of the receptor‑indicator unit shall be with + 2% of full scale, or +10% of the magnitude of the reading, whichever is the smaller.
2.5. Sample holder
The mechanism shall be capable of locating the test sample so that the axes of the source arm and receptor are intersect at the reflecting surface. The reflecting surface may lie within or at either face of the mirror sample, depending on whether it is a first‑surface, second‑surface, or prismatic "flip" type mirror.
3. Procedure
3.1. Direct calibration method
3.1.1. In the direct calibration method, air is used as the reference standard. This method is applicable for those instruments which are so constructed as to permit calibration at the 100% point by swinging the receiver to a position directly on the axis of the light source (see figure/1).
3.1.2. It may be desired in some cases (such as when measuring low‑reflectivity surfaces) to use an intermediate calibration point (between 0 and 100% on the scale) with this method. In these cases a neutral density filter of known transmittance shall be inserted in the optical path, and the calibration control shall then be adjusted until the meter reads the percentage transmission of the neutral density filter. This filter shall be removed before making reflectivity measurements.
3.2. Indirect calibration method
The indirect calibration method is applicable for those instruments with fixed source and receiver geometry. A properly calibrated and maintained reflectance standard is required. This reference standard should preferably be a flat mirror with a reflectance value as near as possible to that of the test samples.
3.3. Non‑flat (convex) mirror measurement
The measurement of the reflectance of non‑flat (convex) mirrors requires the use of instruments which incorporate an integrating sphere in the receiver unit (see figure 2). If the instrument indicating meter indicates ne divisions with a reference standard mirror of E per cent reflectance, then, with a mirror of unknown reflectance, nx divisions will correspond to a reflectance of X per cent, given by the formula:
Figure 1 Generalized reflectometer showing geometries for the two calibration methods
Figure 2 Generalized reflectometer, incorporating an integrating sphere in the receptor.
Spectral tristimulus values for the CIE 1931 standard colorimetric observer1/
1/ Abridged table. The values of ( λ ) = V ( λ ) are rounded off to four decimal places.
(This table is taken from CIE Publication 50(45) (1970))
λ x ( λ ) ( λ ) ( λ ) nm
380 0.001 4 0.000 0 0.006 5
390 0.004 2 0.000 1 0.020 1
400 0.014 3 0.000 4 0.067 9
410 0.043 5 0.001 2 0.207 4
420 0.134 4 0.004 0 0.645 6
430 0.283 9 0.011 6 1.385 6
440 0.348 3 0.023 0 1.747 1
450 0.336 2 0.038 0 1.772 1
460 0.290 8 0.060 0 1.669 2
470 0.195 4 0.091 0 1.287 6
480 0.095 6 0.139 0 0.813 0
490 0.032 0 0.208 0 0.465 2
500 0.004 9 0.323 0 0.272 0
510 0.009 3 0.503 0 0.158 2
520 0.063 3 0.710 0 0.078 2
530 0.165 5 0.862 0 0.042 2
540 0.290 4 0.954 0 0.020 3
550 0.433 4 0.995 0 0.008 7
560 0.594 5 0.995 0 0.003 9
570 0.762 1 0.952 0 0.002 1
580 0.916 3 0.870 0 0.001 7
590 1.026 3 0.757 0 0.001 1
600 1.062 2 0.631 0 0.000 8
610 1.002 6 0.503 0 0.000 3
620 0.854 4 0.381 0 0.000 2
630 0.642 4 0.265 0 0.000 0
640 0.447 9 0.175 0 0.000 0
650 0.233 5 0.107 0 0.000 0
660 0.164 9 0.061 0 0.000 0
670 0.087 4 0.032 0 0.000 0
680 0.046 8 0.017 0 0.000 0
690 0.022 7 0.008 2 0.000 0
700 0.011 4 0.004 1 0.000 0
710 0.005 8 0.002 1 0.000 0
720 0.002 9 0.001 0 0.000 0
730 0.001 4 0.000 5 0.000 0
740 0.000 7 0.000 2 2/ 0.000 0
2/Changed in 1966 (from 3 to 2).
750 0.000 3 0.000 1 0.000 0
760 0.000 2 0.000 1 0.000 0
770 0.000 1 0.000 0 0.000 0
780 0.000 0 0.000 0 0.000 0
‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑‑
Explanatory figure
Example of device for measuring the reflection factor of spherical mirrors
C = Receiver
D = Diaphragm
E = Window of entry
F = Window of measurement
L = Lens
M = Object window
S = Light source
(S) = Integrating sphere
_________________
Annex 6
Procedure for determining the radius of curvature "r"
of a mirror’s reflecting surface
1. Measurements
1.1. Equipment
The "spherometer" described in figure/1 is used.
1.2. Measuring points
1.2.1. The principal radii of curvature shall be measured at 3 points situated as close as possible to positions at 1/3, 1/2 and 2/3 of the distance along the arc of the reflecting surface contained in a plane parallel to the greatest dimension of the mirror and passing through its centre and of the arc perpendicular to it.
1.2.2. Where, because of mirror size, it is impossible to obtain measurement in the directions defined in item/1.2.1. the technical departments responsible for the tests may take measurements at this point in two perpendicular directions as close as possible to those prescribed above.
2. Calculation of the radius of curvature (r)
"r" expressed in mm is calculated using the formula:
where rp1 is the radius of curvature of the first measuring point, rp2 at the second and rp3 at the third.
Figure 1
Annex 7
Control of the conformity of production
1. Definitions
For the purpose of this annex,
"Type of deflection system" means a given combination of axes, swivel points and other articulating mechanisms which ensures deflection of the rear‑view mirror in the direction of impact concerned.
2. Tests
Rear‑view mirrors shall be subjected to the following tests:
2.1. Reflecting surface
2.1.1. Verification of the nominal radius of curvature, pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 2 of annex6 to this Regulation;
2.1.2. Measurement of the differences between radii of curvature pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 7.2.2. of this Regulation.
2.2. Deflection system
Impact test pursuant to the requirements of paragraph 8.2. of this Regulation.
3. Frequency and results of tests
3.1. Verification of the nominal radius of curvature and measurement of the differences between radii of curvature
3.1.1. Frequency:
One test every three months, per approval number, per nominal radius of curvature.
3.1.2. Results:
All measurement results shall be recorded.
The maximum difference values prescribed in paragraph 7.2.2. of this Regulation shall be complied with.
3.2. Impact test
3.2.1. Frequency:
One test every three months, per approval number, per type of deflection system, per base configuration.
3.2.2. Results:
All results shall be recorded.
The provisions of paragraph 8.4. of this Regulation shall be complied with.
3.3. Selection of samples
The selection of samples to be tested shall take account of the quantity produced for each type of rear‑view mirrors
APPENDIX C
Alternative procedure for determining the radius of curvature "r"
of the reflecting surface of a mirror[16]
[16] This method is adapted from the United States Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 111
1.1.Measurement
1.1.1.Equipment
1.1.1.1 A 3-point linear spherometer having two outer fixed legs 38 mm apart and one inner movable leg at the mid-point shall be used.
1.1.2.Measuring points
1.1.2.1The radius of curvature shall be measured at the 10 test positions shown in Figure 1 of this Appendix below.
Figure 1: Location of ten convex mirror testing positions
1.1.2.2The 10 test positions on the image display shall consist of 2 positions at right angles to each other at each of five locations as shown in Figure 1 of this Appendix above.
1.1.2.3The locations shall be at the centre of the mirror, at the left and right ends of a horizontal line that bisects the mirror, and at the top and bottom ends of a vertical line that bisects the mirror.
1.1.2.4None of the readings shall be within a 6.4 mm border on the edge of the image display.
1.2.Calculation of the average radius of curvature
1.2.1.The average radius of curvature is calculated by adding all 10 radius of curvature measurements obtained for the test positions defined in clauses 1.1.2 to 1.1.2.4 above, and dividing by 10.
‘Date of Manufacture’.
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958 (original version);
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, done at Geneva on 5 October 1995 (Revision 2).
(a) Customs sealing devices and their protection;
(b) Devices for securing the tarpaulin and their protection;
(c) Tyre failure tell-tale devices;
(d) Protruding flexible parts of a spray-suppression system;
(e) Lighting equipment;
(f) For buses, access ramps in running order, lifting platforms and similar equipment in running order provided that they do not exceed 10 mm from the side of the vehicle and the corners of the ramps facing forwards or rearwards are rounded to a radius of not less than 5 mm; the edges shall be rounded to a radius of not less than 2.5 mm;
(g) Devices for indirect vision;
(h) Tyre-pressure indicators;
(i) Retractable steps;
(j) The deflected part of the tyre walls immediately above the point of contact with the ground.
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions of Approval and Reciprocal Recognition of Approval for Motor Vehicle Equipment and Parts, done at Geneva on 20 March 1958 (original version);
Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these Prescriptions, done at Geneva on 5 October 1995 (Revision 2).
2 For power-driven vehicles having less than four wheels and fitted with bodywork which partly or wholly encloses the driver the requirements of Regulation No. 46 shall apply.
refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).
2/ Strike out what does not apply.
refused/withdrawn approval (see approval provisions in the Regulation).
2/ Strike out what does not apply.
0
0
0