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| Manual of Standards Part 139—Aerodromes |
| VERSION 1.14: JANUARY 2017 Made under Part 139 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998. This compilation was prepared on 30 January 2017 taking into account amendments up to Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2017 (No. 1). It is a compilation of the Manual of Standards Part 139—Aerodromes as amended and in force on 25 January 2017. Prepared by the Flight Standards Branch, Aviation Group, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Canberra. Compilation No. 13. |
| Manual of Standards Part 139—Aerodromes © Civil Aviation Safety Authority This work is copyright. You may download, display, print and reproduce this material in unaltered form only (retaining this notice) for your personal, non-commercial use or use within your organisation. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, all other rights are reserved. Requests for authorisation should be directed to: Corporate Communications Email: [email protected] Version 1.14: January 2017 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Section 1.1: General
1.1.1 Background and scope
1.1.2 Document Set
1.1.3 Differences Between ICAO Standards and those in MOS
1.1.4 Differences published in AIP
1.1.5 MOS Documentation Change Management
1.1.6 Related Documents
Section 1.2: Definitions
1.2.1 Unless the contrary intention appears, the following definitions apply for this MOS:
1.2.2 Despite the meaning of runway in the table in subsection 1.2.1, where a provision of this MOS refers, expressly or by implication, to the upgrade of an aerodrome facility that is a runway, the reference is taken to include any 1 or more of the following:
1.2.3 Despite the meaning of taxiway in the table in subsection 1.2.1, where a provision of this MOS refers, expressly or by implication, to the upgrade of an aerodrome facility that is a taxiway, the reference is taken to include any 1 or more of the following:
CHAPTER 2: APPLICATION OF STANDARDS TO AERODROMES
Section 2.1: General
2.1.1 Legislative Background and Applicability
2.1.2 Standard Changes and Existing Aerodrome Facilities
2.1.3 Exemptions to Standards
2.1.4 Conflict with Other Standards
2.1.5 Using ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code to Specify Standards
2.1.6 Providing for Future Larger Aeroplanes
2.1.9A Aerodrome with Terminal Instrument Flight Procedures
2.1.10 Runways Used for Special Authorisation Category I instrument Approach Operations
2.1.11 Runways Used for Special Authorisation Category II Instrument Approach Operations
CHAPTER 3: APPLYING FOR AN AERODROME CERTIFICATE
Section 3.1: General
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Aerodrome Certificate Processing Fee
3.1.3 Processing an Aerodrome Certificate Application
3.1.4 Granting of an Aerodrome Certificate
3.1.5 Maintenance and Control of Aerodrome Manual
3.1.6 Initiating NOTAM to Promulgate a Certified Aerodrome
Section 3.2: Application for an Aerodrome Certificate
3.2.1 Sample Aerodrome Certificate Application
CHAPTER 4: APPLYING TO REGISTER AN AERODROME
Section 4.1: General
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Aerodrome Registration Application and Processing Fee
4.1.3 Approving a Registration Application
4.1.4 Maintenance of Registration
4.1.5 Aerodrome Safety Inspection Report
Section 4.2: Application to Register an Aerodrome
4.2.1 Application to Register an Aerodrome
CHAPTER 5: AERODROME INFORMATION FOR AIP
Section 5.1: General
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Aerodrome Information to be Provided for a Certified Aerodrome
5.1.3 Standards for Determining Aerodrome Information
5.1.4 Obstacle Data
Section 5.2: Illustration of Declared Distances
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Calculation of Declared Distances
5.2.3 Obstacle-free Take-off Gradient
5.2.4 Critical Obstacle
5.2.5 Declared Distances for Intersection Departures
Section 5.3: Illustration of Supplementary Take-Off Distances Available and Shielding
5.3.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 6: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Section 6.1: General
6.1.1 Introduction
Section 6.2: Runways
6.2.1 Location of Runway Threshold
6.2.2 Length of Runway
6.2.3 Runway Width
6.2.4 Runway Turning Area
6.2.5 Parallel Runways
6.2.6 Runway Longitudinal Slope
6.2.7 Runway Sight Distance
6.2.8 Transverse Slopes on Runways
6.2.9 Runway Surface
6.2.10 Runway Bearing Strength
6.2.11 Runway Shoulders
6.2.12 Characteristics of Runway Shoulders
6.2.13 Transverse Slope on Runway Shoulder
6.2.14 Surface of Runway Shoulder
6.2.15 Provision of Runway Strip
6.2.16 Composition of Runway Strip
6.2.17 Runway Strip Length
6.2.18 Runway Strip Width
6.2.19 Longitudinal Slope on Graded Area of Runway Strip
6.2.20 Longitudinal Slope Changes on Graded Area of Runway Strip
6.2.21 Runway Strip Longitudinal Slope Changes at Runway Ends (Radio Altimeter Operating Area)
6.2.22 Runway Strip Transverse Slope
6.2.23 Surface of Graded Area of Runway Strip
6.2.24 Objects on Runway Strips
6.2.25 Runway End Safety Area (RESA)
6.2.26 Dimensions of RESA
6.2.27 Slopes on RESA
6.2.28 Objects on RESA
6.2.29 Bearing Strength of RESA
6.2.30 Clearways
6.2.31 Location of Clearways
6.2.32 Dimensions of Clearways
6.2.33 Slopes on Clearways
6.2.34 Objects on Clearways
6.2.35 Stopways
6.2.36 Dimensions of Stopways
6.2.37 Surface of Stopway
6.2.38 Stopway Slopes and Slope Changes
6.2.39 Bearing Strength of Stopway
Section 6.3: Taxiways
6.3.1 Taxiway Width
6.3.2 Taxiway Edge Clearance
6.3.3 Taxiway Curves
6.3.4 Taxiway Longitudinal Slope
6.3.5 Taxiway Transverse Slope
6.3.6 Taxiway Sight Distance
6.3.7 Taxiway Bearing Strength
6.3.8 Taxiway Shoulders
6.3.9 Width of Taxiway Shoulders
6.3.10 Surface of Taxiway Shoulders
6.3.11 Taxiway Strips
6.3.12 Width of Taxiway Strip
6.3.13 Width of Graded Area of Taxiway Strip
6.3.14 Slope of Taxiway Strip
6.3.15 Objects on Taxiway Strip
6.3.16 Taxiways on Bridges
6.3.17 Taxiway Minimum Separation Distances
Section 6.4: Holding Bays, Runway-Holding Positions, Intermediate Holding Positions and Road-Holding Positions
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Provision of a Holding Bay, Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position and Road-holding Position
6.4.3 Location of Holding Bay, Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position or Road-holding Position
6.4.4 Distance from Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position or Road-holding Position to Runway Centreline
Section 6.5: Aprons
6.5.1 Location of Apron
6.5.2 Separation Distances on Aprons
6.5.2A Alternative aircraft parking position separation
6.5.3 Slopes on Aprons
6.5.4 Apron Bearing Strength
6.5.5 Apron Road
Section 6.6: Jet Blast
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Jet Blast and Propeller Wash Hazards
Section 6.7: Glider Facilities
6.7.1 Location of Glider Runway Strips
6.7.2 Dimensions of Glider Runway Strips
6.7.3 Glider Parking Areas
6.7.4 Glider Runway Strip Serviceability
6.7.5 Glider Runway Strip Standards
6.7.6 Notification of Glider Facilities and Procedures
CHAPTER 7: OBSTACLE RESTRICTION AND LIMITATION
Section 7.1: General
7.1.1 Introduction
7.1.2 Obstacle Restriction
7.1.3 Obstacle Limitation
7.1.4 Procedures for Aerodrome Operators to Deal with Obstacles
7.1.5 Objects Outside the OLS
7.1.6 Objects That Could Become Obstacles
7.1.7 Monitoring of Obstacles Associated with Instrument Runways
7.1.8 Additional Obstacle Assessment for an Existing Non-instrument Runway to be Upgraded to a Non-precision Instrument Runway
7.1.9 Obstacle Protection for Curved Take-Off
Section 7.2: Aerodrome Obstacle Charts
7.2.1 Type A Charts
7.2.2 Type B Charts
7.2.3 Type C Charts
7.2.4 Precision Approach Terrain Charts – ICAO
Section 7.3: Obstacle Limitation Surfaces
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Description of OLS
Section 7.4: Principles of Shielding
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Shielding Principles
CHAPTER 8: VISUAL AIDS PROVIDED BY AERODROME MARKINGS, MARKERS, SIGNALS AND SIGNS
Section 8.1: General
8.1.1 Introduction
8.1.2 Closed Aerodrome
8.1.3 Colours
8.1.4 Visibility
Section 8.2: Markers
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 The Use of Markers on a Runway Strip
8.2.3 The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Runway
8.2.4 The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Taxiway
8.2.5 The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Apron
Section 8.3: Runway Markings
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Pre-runway-end Markings
8.3.3 Runway Centreline Markings
8.3.4 Runway Designation Markings
8.3.5 Runway End Markings
8.3.6 Runway Side-stripe Markings
8.3.7 Aiming Point Markings
8.3.7A Touchdown Zone Marking
8.3.8 Runway Threshold Markings
8.3.9 Temporarily Displaced Threshold Markings
8.3.10 Runway Land and Hold Short Position Markings
Section 8.4: Taxiway Markings
8.4.1 Introduction
8.4.2 Taxi Guideline Markings
8.4.3 Runway Holding Position Markings
8.4.4 Intermediate Holding Position Markings
8.4.5 Taxiway Edge Markings
8.4.6 Holding Bay Markings
8.4.7 Taxiway Pavement Strength Limit Markings
Section 8.5: Apron Markings
8.5.1 Introduction
8.5.2 Apron Taxi Guideline Markings
8.5.3 Apron Edge Markings
8.5.4 Parking Clearance Line
8.5.5 Aircraft Type Limit Line
8.5.6 Parking Weight Limit Line
8.5.7 Leased Area Line
8.5.8 Equipment Clearance Line
8.5.9 Equipment Storage Markings
8.5.10 Apron Service Road Markings
8.5.11 Aircraft Parking Position Markings
8.5.12 Lead-in Line
8.5.13 Taxi Lead-in Line Designation
8.5.14 Pilot Turn Line
8.5.15 Primary Aircraft Parking Position Markings
8.5.16 Marshaller Stop Line
8.5.17 Pilot Stop Line
8.5.18 Alignment Line
8.5.19 Secondary Aircraft Parking Position Markings
8.5.20 Keyhole Marking
8.5.21 Triangle Marking
8.5.22 Lead-out Line
8.5.23 Designation Markings
8.5.24 Aircraft Parking Position Designation
8.5.25 Designation Characters for Taxi and Apron Markings
8.5.26 Tug operator Guidance Marking
8.5.27 Aircraft Push-back Lines
8.5.28 Tug Parking Position Lines
8.5.29 Towbar Disconnect Markings
8.5.30 Push-back Limit Markings
8.5.31 Push-back Alignment Bars
8.5.32 Passenger Path Markings
8.5.33 Typical Apron Markings
Section 8.6: Movement Area Guidance Signs (MAGS)
8.6.1 Introduction
8.6.2 Naming of taxiways
8.6.3 Dimensions, Location and Lettering
8.6.4 Sign Size and Location Distances, Including Runway Exit Signs
8.6.5 Structural
8.6.6 Illumination
8.6.7 MAGS with Mandatory Instructions
8.6.8 Runway Designation Signs
8.6.9 Category I, II or III Runway Designation Signs
8.6.10 Runway Holding Position Sign
8.6.11 Aircraft NO ENTRY Sign
8.6.12 Vehicular STOP Signs
8.6.13 Runway/Runway Intersection Signs
8.6.14 MAGS with Information
8.6.15 Taxiway Location Signs
8.6.16 Direction Signs
8.6.17 Destination Signs
8.6.18 Take-off Run Available Sign
8.6.19 Runway Exit Signs
8.6.20 LAHSO Distance To Go Signs
Section 8.7: Wind Direction Indicators
8.7.1 Requirements
8.7.2 Standards
Section 8.8: Ground Signals
8.8.1 Signal Areas
8.8.2 Ground Signals in Signal Area
Section 8.9: Marking of Unserviceable and Work Areas
8.9.1 Introduction
8.9.2 Marking of Unserviceable Areas on Runways, Taxiways and Aprons
8.9.3 Use of Unserviceability Markers
8.9.4 Works Limit Markers
Section 8.10: Obstacle Markings
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Marking of Obstacles
8.10.3 Marking of Temporary and Transient Obstacles
8.10.4 Marking of Vehicles
Section 8.11: Helicopter Areas on Aerodromes
8.11.1 Introduction
8.11.2 Helicopter Landing and Lift-off Area Markings
8.11.3 Helicopter Apron Markings
8.11.4 Helicopter Parking Position Markings
8.11.5 Helicopter Taxi Guideline Designation
8.11.6 Helicopter Parking Position Numbers
8.11.7 Helicopter Apron Edge Markings
Section 8.12: Marking of Glider Runway Strips on an Aerodrome
CHAPTER 9: VISUAL AIDS PROVIDED BY AERODROME LIGHTING
Section 9.1: General
9.1.1Application and Definitions
9.1.2Standardisation of Aerodrome Lighting
9.1.3Lighting in the Vicinity of an Aerodrome
9.1.4Minimum Lighting System Requirements
9.1.5Primary Source of Electricity Supply
9.1.6Electrical Circuitry
9.1.7Secondary Power Supply
9.1.8Switch-over Time
9.1.9Standby Power Supply
9.1.10Portable Lighting
9.1.11Light Fixtures and Supporting Structures
9.1.12Elevated and Inset Lights
9.1.13Colour of Light Shown
9.1.14Light intensity and Control
9.1.15Commissioning of Lighting Systems
Section 9.2: Colours for Aeronautical Ground Lights
9.2.1General
9.2.2Chromaticities
9.2.3Discrimination Between Coloured Lights
Section 9.3: Pilot Activated Lighting Systems
9.3.1General
9.3.2VHF Carrier Activation Code
9.3.3VHF Carrier Detector Technical Requirements
9.3.4Inputs to the PAL
9.3.5Fail-safe Arrangements with PAL system
9.3.6Access to Manual Switches
9.3.7Receiving Antenna
9.3.8PAL with Audio Acknowledgment
Section 9.4: Obstacle Lighting
9.4.1General
9.4.2Types of Obstacle Lighting and Their Use
9.4.3Location of Obstacle Lights
9.4.4Natural Obstacles
9.4.5Temporary Obstacles
9.4.6Characteristics of Low Intensity Obstacle Lights
9.4.7Characteristics of Medium Intensity Obstacle Lights
9.4.8Characteristics of High Intensity Obstacle Lights
9.4.9Floodlighting of Obstacles
9.4.10Ongoing Availability of Obstacle Lights
Section 9.5: Aerodrome Beacons
9.5.1General
Section 9.6: Illuminated Wind Direction Indicator
9.6.1General
Section 9.7: Approach Lighting Systems
9.7.1Simple Approach Lighting System
9.7.2Precision Approach Category I Lighting System
9.7.3Precision Approach Categories II and III Lighting System
Section 9.8: Isocandela Diagrams of Approach Lighting
9.8.1Collective Notes
Section 9.9: Visual Approach Slope Indicator Systems
9.9.1General
9.9.2Obstacle Assessment Surface
9.9.3T-VASIS and AT-VASIS
9.9.4Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) system
Section 9.10: Runway Lighting
9.10.1Types of Runway Edge Lighting Systems
9.10.2Runway Edge Lights
9.10.3Location of Runway Edge Lights
9.10.4Longitudinal Spacing of Runway Edge Lights
9.10.5Lateral Spacing of Runway Edge Lights
9.10.6Characteristics of Low and Medium Intensity Runway Edge Lights
9.10.7Characteristics of High Intensity Runway Edge Lights
9.10.8Use of Bidirectional or Back-to-back Light Fittings
9.10.9Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.10Location of Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.11Pattern of Low Intensity and Medium Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.12Pattern of High Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.13Characteristics of Low Intensity and Medium Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.14Characteristics of High Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.15Additional Lighting to Enhance Threshold Location
9.10.16Runway End Lights
9.10.17Location of Runway End Lights
9.10.18Pattern of Runway End Lights
9.10.19Characteristics of Low and Medium Intensity Runway End Lights
9.10.20Characteristics of High Intensity Runway End Lights
9.10.21Runway Turning Area Edge Lights
9.10.22Stopway Lights
9.10.23Hold Short Lights
9.10.24Runway Centreline Lights
9.10.25Runway Touchdown Zone Lights
9.10.26Photometric Characteristics of Runway Lights
9.10.27Installation and Aiming of Light Fittings
9.10.28Illustrations of Runway Lighting
Section 9.11: Isocandela Diagrams of Runway Lighting
9.11.1Collective Notes
Section 9.12: Illustrations of Runway Lighting
Section 9.13: Taxiway Lighting
9.13.1Provision of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.2Provision of Taxiway Edge Lights
9.13.3Taxiway Markers
9.13.4Apron Taxiway Lighting
9.13.5Use of Different Types of Taxiway Lights
9.13.6Control of Lights on Taxiways
9.13.7Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.8Spacing of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.9Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights on Exit Taxiways
9.13.10Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights on Rapid Exit Taxiways
9.13.11Characteristics of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.12Beam Dimensions and Light Distribution of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.13Location of Taxiway Edge Lights
9.13.14Spacing of Taxiway Edge Lights
9.13.15Characteristics of Taxiway Edge Lights
9.13.16Provision of Runway Guard Lights
9.13.17Pattern and Location of Runway Guard Lights
9.13.18Characteristics of Runway Guard Lights
9.13.19Control of Runway Guard Lights
9.13.20Provision of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
9.13.21Pattern and Location of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
9.13.22Characteristics of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
9.13.23Stop Bars
9.13.24Location of Stop Bars
9.13.25Characteristics of Stop Bars
9.13.26Taxiway Edge Markers
9.13.27Characteristics of Taxiway Edge Markers
9.13.28Taxiway Centreline Markers
9.13.29Characteristics of Taxiway Centreline Markers
9.13.30Photometric Characteristics of Taxiway Lights
9.13.31Installation and Aiming of Light Fittings
Section 9.14: Isocandela Diagrams for Taxiway Lights
9.14.1Collective Notes to Figures
Section 9.15: Illustrations of Taxiway Lighting
Section 9.16: Apron Floodlighting
9.16.1Introduction
9.16.2Provision of Apron Floodlighting
9.16.3Location of Apron Floodlighting
9.16.4Characteristics of Apron Floodlighting
Section 9.17: Visual Docking Guidance Systems
9.17.1Provision of Visual Docking Guidance Systems
9.17.2Characteristics of Visual Docking Guidance Systems
9.17.3Azimuth Guidance Unit - Location
9.17.4Azimuth Guidance Unit - Characteristics
9.17.5Stopping Position Indicator - Location
9.17.6Stopping Position Indicator - Characteristics
9.17.7Parking Position Identification Sign
9.17.8Notification of Type of Aircraft Docking Guidance Systems
Section 9.18: Lighting Associated with Closed and Unserviceable Areas
9.18.1Closed Runway or Taxiway
9.18.2Unserviceable Areas
9.18.3Characteristics of Unserviceability Lights
Section 9.19: Other Lights on an Aerodrome
9.19.1Vehicle Warning Lights
9.19.2Works Limit Lights
9.19.3Road and Car Park Lighting
9.19.4Road-holding Position Light
Section 9.20: Monitoring, Maintenance and Serviceability of Aerodrome Lighting
9.20.1General
9.20.2Reporting of Aerodrome Lighting Outage
Section 9.21: Lighting in the Vicinity of Aerodromes
9.21.1Advice to Lighting Designers
9.21.1APurpose of the Section
9.21.2Legislative Background
9.21.3General Requirement
9.21.4Light Fittings
9.21.5Coloured Lights
9.21.6Information and Correspondence
Section 9.22: Use of Unarmoured Cables for Aerodrome Lighting
9.22.1Introduction
9.22.2Significant Areas of the Dispensation
9.22.3Conditions Governing the Dispensation
9.22.4Aspects to Note
9.22.5Acceptability of an Installation to the Supply Authority
CHAPTER 10: OPERATING STANDARDS FOR CERTIFIED AERODROMES
Section 10.1: General
10.1.1Introduction
10.1.2Aerodrome Manual and Aerodrome Operating Procedures
10.1.3Training of Aerodrome Personnel Involved with Safety Functions
10.1.4Aerodrome Safety Management System (SMS)
Section 10.2: Inspecting and Reporting Aerodrome Serviceability
10.2.1General
10.2.2Significant Objects
10.2.3Surface Conditions of the Movement Area, Including the Presence of Water
10.2.4Aerodrome Markings, Lightings, Wind Direction Indicators and Ground Signals
10.2.5Cleanliness of the Movement Area.
10.2.6Obstacles Infringing the Take-off, Approach and Transitional Surfaces
10.2.7Birds or Animals on, or in the Vicinity of, the Movement Area
10.2.8Empirical Assessment of the Bearing Strength of Unrated Runway Pavements and Runway Strips
10.2.9Currency of NOTAMs
10.2.10Aerodrome Fencing
10.2.11Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit
10.2.12Inspection Logbooks
Section 10.3: Initiating a NOTAM
10.3.1Introduction
10.3.2Changes Reported to Australian NOTAM Office
10.3.3Time-Limited NOTAM
10.3.4Permanent NOTAM
10.3.5Making Changes to Aerodrome Information Published in AIP-ERSA
10.3.6Bird or Animal Hazard Warning
10.3.7New or Upgraded Visual Aids
10.3.8Changes to Type A Chart Information
10.3.9Follow up Actions
10.3.10Record Keeping
Section 10.4: Sample Aerodrome Report Form
Section 10.5: Examples of NOTAM and Listing of Abbreviations
10.5.1Examples
10.5.2General Word Abbreviations and Phrase Contractions to Minimise Message Length of Aerodrome NOTAMs
Section 10.6: Appointment of Reporting Officers
10.6.1General
10.6.2Reporting Officer Qualifications
10.6.3What to Report
10.6.4Monitoring Activities Outside Aerodrome
Section 10.7: Aerodrome Emergency Planning
10.7.1Introduction
10.7.2Records
10.7.3Disabled Aircraft Removal
Section 10.8: Guidelines for Aerodrome Emergency Plans
10.8.1General
10.8.2Medical Subcommittee
10.8.3Testing Facilities and Reviewing Roles
10.8.4Aerodrome Emergency Exercises
10.8.5Emergency Operations Centre and Mobile Command Post
10.8.6Definitions of Command, Control, and Coordination
10.8.7Role of the Police
Section 10.9: Control of Airside Access Including Vehicle Control
10.9.1Introduction
10.9.2Airside Vehicle Control
10.9.3Airside drivers
10.9.4Technical Standards for Electronic Surveillance Equipment Fitted to Vehicles
Section 10.10: Aerodrome Works Safety
10.10.1Introduction
10.10.2Method of Working Plans
10.10.3Time-Limited Works
10.10.4Restrictions on Carrying Out Time-Limited Works
10.10.5Restoration of Normal Safety Standards
10.10.6Resumption of Aerodrome Works
10.10.7Management and Control of Aerodrome Works
10.10.8Markers, Markings and Lights
10.10.9Communication Equipment
10.10.10Completion
10.10.11Pavement Overlay Works
10.10.12Works on Runway Strips
Section 10.11: Method of Working Plans
10.11.1Introduction
10.11.2Title Page
10.11.3Works Information
10.11.4Restrictions to Aircraft Operations and Issue of NOTAMs
10.11.5Work Stages
10.11.6Emergencies and Adverse Weather
10.11.7NOTAMs
10.11.8Restrictions to Works Organisations
10.11.9Personnel and Equipment
10.11.10Access
10.11.11Aerodrome Markers, Markings and Lights
10.11.12Protection of Electrical Services
10.11.13Special Requirements
10.11.14Administration
10.11.15Authority
10.11.16Drawings
10.11.17Distribution List
Section 10.12: Functions of a Works Safety Officer
10.12.1Works Safety Officer
Section 10.13: Aircraft Parking
10.13.1Introduction
10.13.2Apron Congestion
10.13.3Apron Safety Management
Section 10.14: Bird and Animal Hazard Management
10.14.1Introduction
Section 10.15: Pavement Maintenance
10.15.1Pavement Cleanliness
10.15.2Runway Surface Friction
10.15.3Deterioration of Runway Grooves
10.15.4Surface Irregularities
10.15.5Standards for Natural and Gravel Surface Runways
Section 10.16: Maintenance Around Navigational Aids
10.16.1Introduction
Section 10.17: Aerodrome Safety Procedures during Conditions of Reduced Visibility or Low Cloud
10.17.1Introduction
10.17.2Development of Low Visibility Procedures
10.17.3Implementation of Low Visibility Procedures
10.17.4Review of Low Visibility Procedures
Section 10.18: Aerodrome Technical Inspections
10.18.1Introduction
Section 10.19: Runway Visibility Assessments by Ground Personnel
10.19.1Application
10.19.2Facilities and Procedures
10.19.3Appointed Persons Conducting Runway Visibility Assessments
10.19.4Procedures for Conducting a Runway Visibility Assessment
CHAPTER 11: STANDARDS FOR OTHER AERODROME FACILITIES
Section 11.1: General
11.1.1Introduction
11.1.2Traffic Control Towers
11.1.3Standards For Siting and Clearance Areas for Airways Facilities on Airports
11.1.4General Siting Requirements
11.1.4ASiting of Equipment and Installations on Operational Areas
11.1.5Navigation Aid Facilities
11.1.6VOR Facilities
11.1.7DME Facilities
11.1.8Instrument Landing System
11.1.9Protection of ILS Installations
11.1.10Critical and Sensitive Areas
11.1.11Obstructions around Marker Beacons
11.1.12Locator Beacons
11.1.13Non-Directional Beacons (NDB)
11.1.14Radar Sensor Sites
11.1.15Communication Facilities
11.1.16Ground Earthing Points
11.1.17Testing of Ground Earthing Points
11.1.18Inspection of Ground Earthing Points
11.1.19Remedial Action
11.1.20Compass Swinging Site
11.1.21Automatic Weather Information Stations
11.1.22Light Aircraft Tie-Down Facilities
CHAPTER 12: OPERATING STANDARDS FOR REGISTERED AERODROMES
Section 12.1: General
12.1.1Introduction
12.1.2Aerodrome Reporting Officer
12.1.3Aerodrome Serviceability Inspections
12.1.4Frequency of Serviceability Inspection
12.1.5Record of Inspections and Remedial Actions
12.1.6Reporting Changes
12.1.7Aerodrome Works
12.1.8Safety Inspection Report
12.1.9Reporting of Obstacles
Section 12.2: Sample Aerodrome Report Form
CHAPTER 14: RADIO COMMUNICATION FACILITIES PROVIDED BY AN AERODROME OPERATOR
Section 14.1: General
14.1.1Introduction
14.1.2Definitions and Abbreviations
Section 14.2: Certified Air/Ground Radio Services
14.2.1Application to be a CA/GRO
14.2.2Qualifications
14.2.3CA/GRS Operating Standards and Procedures
14.2.4Broadcasting of Aerodrome Information on AAIS
Section 14.3: Frequency Confirmation System
14.3.1Requirement for Frequency Confirmation System
14.3.2Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit (AFRU)
14.3.3Use of the AFRU
14.3.4Operating Performance Requirements of AFRU
14.3.5AFRU Technical Specification
14.3.6AFRU with PAL Features
14.3.7Technical Specifications for Optional Pilot-Activated Lighting Control
14.3.8AFRU+PAL Commissioning Flight Test
Section 14.4: Unicom Services
14.4.1General
REVISION HISTORY........................................................................................................... RH-1
NOTES TO MANUAL OF STANDARDS PART 139............................................. NOTES-1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Section 1.1: General
1.1.1 Background and scope
1.1.1.1 Under section 3 of the Civil Aviation Act 1988, an aerodrome is an area authorised by the regulations for use as an aerodrome. Paragraph 92 (1) (b) of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988 has the effect of authorising a place for use as an aerodrome if it is certified or registered under Part 139 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (CASR 1998). This document is the Manual of Standards (MOS) — Part 139 Aerodromes (the MOS) made under regulation 139.015 of CASR 1998. Together with Part 139 of CASR 1998, it sets out certain standards for certified aerodromes, registered aerodromes, and other aircraft landing areas where aircraft arrive, depart or move that are not certified or registered (ALAs). Aerodrome safety is a vital link in aviation safety and the applicable provisions of the MOS must be complied with to ensure aviation safety.
1.1.1.2 The effect of regulation 139.030 of CASR 1998 is that a place with a terminal instrument flight procedure (other than for specialised helicopter operations) must be a certified aerodrome or a registered aerodrome.
1.1.1.3 The effect of regulation 139.040 of CASR 1998 is that a place with a runway suitable and available for use by air transport operations aircraft having a maximum passenger seating capacity of more than 30 seats, or a maximum carrying capacity of more than 3 400 kg, must be a certified aerodrome.
1.1.1.4 Except where otherwise stated, the standards set out in this MOS are for certified aerodromes.
1.1.1.5 The standards for registered aerodromes are:
(a) for those matters mentioned in paragraph 139.295 (a) of CASR 1998 — the standards set out in this MOS for certified aerodromes; and
(b) any other standards stated by this MOS to be applicable to registered aerodromes.
1.1.1.6 Subject to regulation 139.040 of CASR 1998, nothing in this MOS prevents an ALA being certified as a certified aerodrome, or registered as a registered aerodrome, if the applicable requirements of Part 139 of CASR 1998 and this MOS are complied with.
1.1.1.7 To avoid doubt, except in relation to the effects of Subpart 139.D (reporting officers and safety inspections), this MOS does not affect ALAs.
1.1.1.8 The effect of Subpart 139.D of CASR 1998 is that when an aircraft with a maximum passenger seating capacity of more than 9 but not more than 30 seats uses an ALA at least once a week for regular public transport operations, the operator of the ALA must conduct safety inspections, and have at least 1 reporting officer who:
(a) is trained in accordance with the provisions of the MOS for reporting officers; and
(b) monitors the serviceability of the ALA in accordance with the provisions of the MOS for such monitoring.
1.1.1.9 The effect of Subpart 139.E of CASR 1998 is that all operators of certified and registered aerodromes must ensure the following:
(a) that airspace monitoring around the aerodrome is in accordance with the MOS for such monitoring;
(b) that obstacle limitation surfaces are established in accordance with the provisions of the MOS for obstacle limitation surfaces.
1.1.1.10 The effect of Subpart 139.F of CASR 1998 is that all operators of certified aerodromes and registered aerodromes must ensure that frequency confirmation systems and air/ground radio services comply with the provisions of the MOS for frequency confirmation systems and air/ground radio services.
1.1.1.11 Appendices and tables form part of this MOS. Where this MOS incorporates by reference standards from other documents, the incorporated standards become part of this MOS.
1.1.1.12 Other information and guidance concerning aerodromes and ALAs may be contained in Advisory Circulars.
1.1.1.13 Standards in this MOS to prevent animals and people from inadvertently entering a movement area are for aviation safety purposes only.
1.1.1.14 This MOS does not deal with aviation security (that is, protection from acts of unlawful interference).
1.1.1.15 Notes in the MOS may provide information, explanations or references. A Note is not part of the standard.
1.1.2 Document Set
1.1.2.1 The document hierarchy consists of:
(a) the Civil Aviation Act 1988 (the Act);
(b) relevant Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASRs);
(c) the Manual of Standards (MOS); and
(d) Advisory Circulars (ACs).
1.1.2.2 The Act establishes the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) with functions relating to civil aviation, in particular the safety of civil aviation and for related purposes.
1.1.2.3 CASRs establish the regulatory framework (Regulations) within which all service providers must operate.
1.1.2.4 The MOS comprises specifications (Standards) prescribed by CASA, of uniform application, determined to be necessary for the safety of air navigation. In those parts of the MOS where it is necessary to establish the context of standards to assist in their comprehension, the sense of parent regulations has been reiterated.
1.1.2.5 Readers should understand that in the circumstance of any perceived disparity of meaning between MOS and CASRs, primacy of intent rests with the regulations.
1.1.2.6 Service providers must document internal actions (Rules) in their own operational manuals, to ensure the maintenance of and compliance with standards.
1.1.2.7 ACs are intended to provide recommendations and guidance to illustrate a means, but not necessarily the only means of complying with the Regulations. ACs may explain certain regulatory requirements by providing interpretive and explanatory materials. It is expected that service providers will document internal actions in their own operational manuals, to put into effect those, or similarly adequate, practices.
1.1.3 Differences Between ICAO Standards and those in MOS
1.1.3.1 Notwithstanding the above, where there is a difference between a standard prescribed in the ICAO standards and one in the MOS, the MOS standard shall prevail.
1.1.4 Differences published in AIP
1.1.4.1 Differences from ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures are published in AIP Gen 1.7.
1.1.5 MOS Documentation Change Management
1.1.5.1 Responsibility for the technical content in the MOS resides with the relevant technical area within the Flight Standards Branch, Standards Division of CASA.
1.1.5.2 This MOS is issued and amended under the authority of the Director of Aviation Safety.
1.1.5.3 Suggested changes to this MOS must be directed to the Manager, Air Traffic Management System Standards Section, Standards Division of CASA.
1.1.5.4 Requests for any change to the content of the MOS may be intimated from:
(a) technical areas within CASA;
(b) aviation industry service providers or operators;
(c) individuals and authorisation holders.
1.1.5.5 The need to change standards in the MOS may be generated by a number of causes. These may be to:
(a) ensure safety;
(b) ensure standardisation;
(c) respond to changed CASA standards;
(d) respond to ICAO prescription;
(e) accommodate new initiatives or technologies.
1.1.6 Related Documents
1.1.6.1 These standards should be read in conjunction with:
(a) ICAO Annex 4: Aeronautical Charts
(b) ICAO Annex 14: Aerodromes (Vol 1)
(c) ICAO Doc 9157/AN901: Aerodrome Design Manuals (all parts)
Section 1.2: Definitions
1.2.1 Unless the contrary intention appears, the following definitions apply for this MOS:
| Definition | Meaning |
| AEI | The official publication known as Airways Engineering Instructions issued: (a) by CASA or its predecessors, before the RPA was first issued; or (b) otherwise by or under the authority of the Commonwealth. |
| Aerodrome | A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations, and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft. |
| Aerodrome beacon | Aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome from the air. |
| Aerodrome elevation | The elevation of the highest point of the landing area. |
| Aerodrome facility | Any of the following at an aerodrome, or in or on something at an aerodrome, for which standards are provided by the MOS: surfaces, infrastructure; structures; buildings; installations; stations; systems; equipment; earthing points; cables; lighting; signage; markings. |
| Aerodrome reference point | The designated geographical location of an aerodrome. |
| Aerodrome reference temperature | The monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature for the hottest month of the year (the hottest month being that which has the highest monthly mean temperature.) |
| Aerodrome traffic density | See Paragraph 9.1.1.2(b). |
| Aerodrome works | Construction or maintenance works carried out at an aerodrome, on or adjacent to the movement area, that may create obstacles or restrict the normal take-off and landing of aircraft. |
| Aeronautical beacon | An aeronautical ground light visible at all azimuths, either continuously or intermittently, to designate a particular point on the surface of the earth. |
| Aeronautical ground light | Any light specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft. |
| Aeronautical study | An investigation of a problem concerned with some phase of flight, and aimed at identifying possible solutions and selecting the one most acceptable from the point of view of flight safety. |
| Aeroplane reference field length | The minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated take-off mass, sea level, standard atmospheric conditions, still air and zero runway slope, as shown in the appropriate aeroplane flight manual prescribed by the certificating authority or equivalent data from the aeroplane manufacturer. Field length means balanced field length for aeroplanes, if applicable, or take-off distance in other cases. |
| Air side | The movement area of an aerodrome, adjacent terrain and buildings or portions thereof, access of which is controlled. |
| Air transport operations | Charter operations, or regular public transport operations, within the meaning of paragraphs 2 (7) (b) and (c), respectively, of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988. |
| Aircraft classification number (ACN) | A number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard subgrade category. |
| Aircraft parking position | A designated area on an apron intended to be used for parking an aircraft. Also known as an aircraft stand. |
| ALA | Aircraft landing area, being an area for the landing, movement and take-off of aircraft that is not a certified or registered aerodrome. |
| APEI | The official publication known as Airport Engineering Instructions issued: (a) by CASA or its predecessors, before the RPA was first issued; or (b) otherwise by or under the authority of the Commonwealth. |
| API | The official publication known as Airport Instructions issued: (a) by CASA or its predecessors, before the RPA was first issued; or (b) otherwise by or under the authority of the Commonwealth. |
| Apron | A defined area on a land aerodrome intended to accommodate aircraft for the purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking, or maintenance. |
| Apron management service | A service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on the apron. |
| Apron taxiway | A portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route for aircraft across the apron to another part of the taxiway system. |
| Balanced field length | A field length where the distance to accelerate and stop is equal to the take-off distance of an aeroplane experiencing an engine failure at the critical engine failure recognition speed (V1). |
| Barrette | Three or more aeronautical ground lights closely spaced in a transverse line so that from a distance they appear as a short bar of light. |
| Capacity discharge light | A lamp in which high-intensity flashes of extremely short duration are produced by the discharge of electricity at high voltage through a gas enclosed in a tube. |
| Charter operations | Charter operations has the meaning given by paragraph 2 (7) (b) of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988. |
| Clearway | A defined area at the end of the take-off run available on the ground or water under the control of the aerodrome operator, selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height. |
| Critical obstacle | The obstacle within the take-off climb area and/or the approach area, which subtends the greatest vertical angle when measured from the inner edge of the take-off climb surface and/or the approach surface. |
| Cross-wind component | The surface wind component at right angles to the runway centre line. |
| Declared distances | 1. Take-off run available (TORA). The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off. 2. Take-off distances available (TODA).The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided. 3. Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA).The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the stopway, if provided. 4. Landing distance available (LDA).The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing. |
| Dependent parallel approaches | Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are prescribed. |
| Displaced threshold | A threshold not located at the extremity of a runway. |
| Effective intensity | The effective intensity of a flashing light is equal to the intensity of a fixed light of the same colour, which will produce the same visual range under identical conditions of observation. |
| Elevation | The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from the mean sea level. |
| Exit taxiway | A taxiway connected to a runway to enable landing aeroplanes to turn off the runway. |
| Fixed light | A light having constant luminous intensity when observed from a fixed point. |
| Frangible object | An object of low mass designed to break, distort or yield on impact so as to present the minimum hazard to aircraft. |
| Hazard beacon | An aeronautical beacon used to designate a danger to air navigation. |
| Holding bay | A defined area where aircraft can be held, or bypassed, to facilitate efficient surface movement of aircraft. |
| Independent parallel approaches | Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are not prescribed. |
| Independent parallel departures | Simultaneous departures from parallel or near-parallel instrument runways. |
| Instrument approach procedures | The procedures to be followed by aircraft in letting down from cruising level and landing at an aerodrome. (A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments for the orderly transfer of an aircraft from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing, or to a point from which a landing may be made.) |
| Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) | Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the minimum specified for visual meteorological conditions. |
| Instrument runway | One of the following types of runway intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures: (a) Non-precision approach runway. An instrument runway served by visual aids and a non-visual aid providing at least directional guidance adequate for a straight-in approach. (b) Precision approach runway, Category (CAT) I. An instrument runway served by ILS and visual aids intended for operations with a decision height (DH) not lower than 60 m (200 ft) and either a visibility not less than 800 m, or an RVR not less than 550 m. (c) Precision approach runway, CAT II. An instrument runway served by ILS and visual aids intended for operations with a decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft), and an RVR not less than 300 m. (d) Precision approach runway, CAT III. An instrument runway served by ILS to and along the surface of the runway and: (i) for CAT IIIA — intended for operations with a decision height lower than 30 m (100 ft), or no decision height, and an RVR not less than 175 m; (ii) for CAT IIIB — intended for operations with a decision height lower than 15 m (50 ft), or no decision height, and an RVR less than 175 m but not less than 50 m; (iii) for CAT IIIC — intended for operations with no decision height and no RVR limitations. |
| Intermediate holding position | A designated holding position intended for traffic control at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold until further clearance to proceed, when so instructed by the aerodrome control tower. |
| Joint user aerodromes | An aerodrome under the control of a part of the Defence Force in respect of which an arrangement under Section 20 of the Act is in force. |
| Landing area | That part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft. |
| Light failure | A light shall be deemed to be unserviceable when the main beam average intensity is less than 50% of the value specified in the appropriate figure showing the isocandella diagram. For light units where the designed main beam average intensity is above the value shown in the isocandella diagram, the 50% value shall be related to that design value. (When assessing the main beam, specified angles of beam elevation, toe-in and beam spread shall be taken into consideration). |
| Lighting system reliability | The probability that the complete installation operates within the specified tolerances and that the system is operationally usable. |
| Low visibility procedures | Procedures applied at an aerodrome for protecting aircraft operations during conditions of reduced visibility or low cloud. |
| Manoeuvring area | That part of the aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons. |
| Marker | An object displayed above ground level in order to indicate an obstacle or delineate a boundary. |
| Marking | A symbol or group of symbols displayed on the surface of the movement area in order to convey aeronautical information. |
| Mass | The terms mass and weight used in this MOS have the same meaning. |
| MAUM | Maximum all up mass. |
| Movement | Either a take-off or a landing by an aircraft. |
| Movement area | That part of the aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s). |
| MTOW | Maximum take-off weight. |
| Near parallel runways | Non-intersecting runways whose extended centre lines have an angle of convergence/divergence of 15 degrees or less. |
| Non-instrument runway | A runway intended for the operation of aircraft using visual approach procedures. |
| Non-precision approach runway | See Instrument runway. |
| Notices to airmen (NOTAMs) | A notice issued by the NOTAM office containing information or instruction concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to persons concerned with flight operations. |
| Obstacle free zone (OFZ) | The airspace above the inner approach surface, inner transitional surfaces, balked landing surfaces, and that portion of the strip bounded by these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed obstacle other than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one required for air navigation purposes. |
| Obstacle limitation surfaces (OLS) | A series of planes associated with each runway at an aerodrome that defines the desirable limits to which objects may project into the airspace around the aerodrome so that aircraft operations at the aerodrome may be conducted safely. |
| Obstacles | All fixed (whether temporary or permanent) and mobile objects, or parts thereof, that are located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft or that extend above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight. |
| Other aerodrome facility standard | For an aerodrome facility that does not comply with the standards set out in the MOS, the RPA, the AEI, the APEI, or the API, means: (a) the standard, procedure or practice (the SPP) to which the aerodrome facility was designed and constructed, being an SPP which, at the time, was required by the Commonwealth to be complied with for the design and construction of the aerodrome facility; or (b) where CASA is satisfied that the SPP to which the aerodrome facility was designed and constructed is an historical SPP that can no longer be identified with certainty — an SPP specified in writing by CASA, following consultation with the aerodrome operator, as the standard to which, on the basis of its current characteristics, the aerodrome facility was probably designed and constructed. |
| Pavement classification number (PCN) | A number expressing the bearing strength of a pavement for unrestricted operations by aircraft with ACN value less than or equal to the PCN. |
| Precision approach runway | See Instrument runway. |
| Primary runway(s) | Runway(s) used in preference to others whenever conditions permit. |
| Radio aids | Also known as non-visual aids. These aids may consist of NDB, VOR, VOR/DME or GPS. |
| Rapid exit taxiway | A taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle, designed and intended to allow landing aeroplanes to turn off the runway at higher speeds than are achieved on exit taxiways, thereby minimizing runway occupancy times. |
| Regular public transport operations | Regular public transport operations has the meaning given by paragraph 2 (7) (c) of the Civil Aviation Regulations 1988. |
| RESA | Runway end safety area. |
| RPA | The official publication known as Rules and Practices for Aerodromes issued: (a) by CASA or its predecessors, before the Manual of Standards (MOS) — Part 139 Aerodromes was first issued; or (b) otherwise by or under the authority of the Commonwealth. |
| Runway | A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft. |
| Runway end safety area (RESA) | An area symmetrical about the extended runway centre line and adjacent to the end of the strip primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aeroplane undershooting or overrunning the runway. |
| Runway guard light | A light system intended to caution pilots or vehicle drivers that they are about to enter an active runway. |
| Runway holding position | A designated position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an ILS/MLS critical/sensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorised by the aerodrome control tower. |
| Runway strip | A defined area including the runway and stopway, if provided, intended: 1. to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a runway; and 2. to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or landing operations. |
| Runway visibility (RV) | The distance along a runway over which a person can see and recognise a visibility marker or runway lights. |
| Runway visual range (RVR) | The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centreline of a runway can see the runway surface markings, or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centreline. Note: Within Australia, the term runway visual range (RVR) is used exclusively in relation to RVR measured by an instrumented system. |
| Segregated parallel operations | Simultaneous operations on parallel or near-parallel instrument runways in which one runway is used exclusively for approaches and the other runway is used exclusively for departures. |
| Shoulders | An area adjacent to the edge of a pavement so prepared as to provide a transition between the pavement and the adjacent surface. |
| Signal circle | An area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground signals. |
| Stopway | A defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of the take-off run available prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off. |
| Switch-over time (light) | The time required for the actual intensity of a light measured in a given direction to fall from 50% and recover to 50% during a power supply changeover, when the light is being operated at intensities of 25% or above. |
| Take-off runway | A runway intended for take-off only. |
| Taxi-holding position | See definition of runway holding position and intermediate holding position. |
| Taxilane | A portion of an apron that is not a taxiway and that is provided only for aircraft to access aircraft parking positions. |
| Taxiway | A defined path on an aerodrome on land, established for the taxiing of aircraft from one part of an aerodrome to another. A taxiway includes an apron taxiway and a rapid exit taxiway. Note: Apron taxiway, exit taxiway, rapid exit taxiway, taxilane and taxiway system are also defined terms. |
| Taxiway intersection | A junction of two or more taxiways. |
| Taxiway strip | An area including a taxiway intended to protect an aircraft operating on the taxiway and to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft accidentally running off the taxiway. |
| Taxiway system | A number of interconnecting taxiways. |
| Threshold | The beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing. |
| Time limited works | Aerodrome works that may be carried out if normal aircraft operations are not disrupted and the movement area can be restored to normal safety standards in not more than 30 minutes. |
| Touchdown zone | The portion of a runway, beyond the threshold, where it is intended landing aeroplanes first contact the runway. |
| Upgrade (for an aerodrome facility) | 1. Any change to, or improvement of, the facility that allows it to do 1 or more of the following: (a) accommodate the parking, holding, movement or operation of larger or heavier aircraft, or aircraft modified to carry more passengers or freight; (b) accommodate the parking, holding, movement or operation of more aircraft; (c) be used by aircraft flying under changed approach conditions, for example, a change: (i) from non-instrument to non-precision instrument; or (ii) from non-precision instrument to precision instrument; or (iii) from precision category I to category II or III; (d) accommodate aircraft take-offs and aerodrome surface movements in RVR conditions of less than 550 m. 2. The replacement of any aerodrome facility that does not comply with the standards for the facility in this MOS. Note: The upgrade of a particular non-compliant aerodrome facility is the trigger for that particular non-compliant facility to be brought into compliance with the relevant MOS standards. Since the timing and budgeting of an upgrade is usually under the aerodrome operator’s control, so too is the timing of works necessary to bring the non-compliant facility into compliance with the MOS. |
| Usability factor | The percentage of time during which the use of a runway or system of runways is not restricted because of cross-wind component. |
| Visibility (V) | Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater of: a. the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and recognised when observed against a bright background; b. the greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity of 1 000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background. Notes: 1. The 2 distances have different values in air of a given extinction coefficient, and the distance mentioned in paragraph (b) varies with the background illumination. The distance mentioned in paragraph (a) is represented by the meteorological optical range (MOR). 2. For international recognition and consistency, the definition of Visibility is taken from Chapter 1, Part 1, Annex 3, Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation, in the Convention on International Civil Aviation. |
| Visibility marker | A dark object of suitable dimensions for use as a reference in evaluating runway visibility. |
| Visual aids | May consist of T-VASIS, PAPI, runway markings and runway lights. |
| Visual meteorological conditions (VMC) | Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, equal or better than specified minima. |
| Weight | The terms weight and mass used in this MOS have the same meaning. |
1.2.2 Despite the meaning of runway in the table in subsection 1.2.1, where a provision of this MOS refers, expressly or by implication, to the upgrade of an aerodrome facility that is a runway, the reference is taken to include any 1 or more of the following:
(a) the runway proper;
(b) the runway strip;
(c) the RESA;
(d) the clearway and the stopway (if provided).
1.2.3 Despite the meaning of taxiway in the table in subsection 1.2.1, where a provision of this MOS refers, expressly or by implication, to the upgrade of an aerodrome facility that is a taxiway, the reference is taken to include any 1 or more of the following:
(a) the taxiway proper;
(b) the taxiway strip.
CHAPTER 2: APPLICATION OF STANDARDS TO AERODROMES
Section 2.1: General
2.1.1 Legislative Background and Applicability
2.1.1.2 CASR Part 139 empowers the Authority to specify standards and procedures relating to aerodromes used in air transport operations. The standards and procedures are set out in this document titled ‘Manual of Standards Part 139—Aerodromes’ are applicable equally to operators of aerodromes which are either certified or registered. Operating procedures for certified and registered aerodromes differ and are set out in separate Chapters.
2.1.2 Standard Changes and Existing Aerodrome Facilities
2.1.2.2 An existing facility at an aerodrome, other than a certified aerodrome, that does not meet the standards set out in this MOS may continue to meet the Standards that applied to the facility when it was first introduced or last upgraded (as the case may be) until:
(a) the facility is replaced or again upgraded (as the case may be); or
(b) CASA directs in writing that, in the interests of aviation safety, the facility must comply with the standards specified in this MOS.
Note: See the definition of upgrade in subsection 1.2.1, Definitions. The reconfiguring of an existing facility (including, for example, an apron) to cater for more or larger aircraft constitutes an upgrade.
2.1.2.2A For paragraph 2.1.2.2, Standards means the standards set out in the version of the MOS, RPA, AEI, APEI, API, or other aerodrome facility standard that applied to the facility when it was first introduced or last upgraded (as the case may be).
2.1.2.3 The operator of a certified aerodrome is not required to modify an existing aerodrome facility (a non-compliant facility) so that it complies with this MOS until the facility is replaced or upgraded. However, until it is replaced or upgraded, details of the non-compliant facility must be recorded in the Aerodrome Manual, including:
(a) identification of the facility; and
(b) the date or period when the facility was first introduced or last upgraded (as the case may be); and
(c) a description of, or documented evidence of, the standard with which the facility complies, including a supporting reference to the version and date of the MOS, RPA, AEI, APEI, API or other aerodrome facility standard embodying the standard with which the facility complies; and
(d) details of the plans and timescale for replacing or upgrading the facility so that it complies with this MOS.
Note: As part of the audit of an aerodrome operator, CASA may require the operator to supply evidence showing past and current bona fide efforts to implement the plan and timescale
2.1.2.3A The operator of a registered aerodrome is not required to modify an existing aerodrome facility (a non-compliant facility) so that it complies with this MOS until the facility is replaced or upgraded. However, until it is replaced or upgraded, details of the non-compliant facility must be recorded in accordance with paragraph 12.1.1.2A.
2.1.2.4 A new facility that is brought into operation, and an existing facility that is replaced or upgraded, must comply with the standards in this MOS.
2.1.3 Exemptions to Standards
2.1.3.1 An exemption granted in relation to an existing facility continues to apply until its expiry date, unless sooner revoked by CASA in the interests of aviation safety.
2.1.3.2 An application for an exemption from any standard in this MOS must:
(a) be made and dealt with as if Subpart 11.F of CASR 1998 applied to the application; and
(b) include a clear indication of whether, and when, full compliance with the MOS would occur.
Note: This deeming provision will be superseded in due course by a Civil Aviation Legislation Amendment Regulation to expressly require exemptions from a Manual of Standards to be in accordance with Part 11 of CASR 1998.
2.1.3.3 If a provision of this MOS imposes a standard subject to a qualifying phrase, such as “if practicable”, “where physically practicable”, or “where determined necessary”, the standard applies despite the qualifying phrase unless CASA has granted an exemption from the standard.
Note: The purpose of such qualifying phrases is to recognise that sometimes compliance with particular standards is not possible in some circumstances. The purpose of paragraph 2.1.3.3 is to ensure that it is CASA, not an aerodrome operator, who decides whether the qualifying circumstances exist.
2.1.3.4 Exemptions to standards, granted to an aerodrome, must be recorded in the Aerodrome Manual. The Manual must contain details of the exemption, reason for the granting, any resultant limitations imposed, and similar relevant information.
2.1.4 Conflict with Other Standards
2.1.4.1 Compliance with the standards and procedures specified in this MOS does not absolve aerodrome operators from obligations in respect of standards prescribed by other government or statutory authorities. Where another statutory standard conflicts with this MOS, the matter must be referred to CASA for resolution.
2.1.5 Using ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code to Specify Standards
2.1.5.1 Australia has adopted the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) methodology of using a code system, known as the Aerodrome Reference Code, to specify the standards for individual aerodrome facilities which are suitable for use by aeroplanes within a range of performances and sizes. The Code is composed of two elements: element 1 is a number related to the aeroplane reference field length; and element 2 is a letter related to the aeroplane wingspan and outer main gear wheel span. A particular specification is related to the more appropriate of the two elements of the Code or to an appropriate combination of the two Code elements. The Code letter or number within an element selected for design purposes is related to the characteristics of the aeroplane types for which the facility is intended.
2.1.5.2 The Code number for element 1 shall be determined by the aerodrome operator from column 1 of Table 2.1-1. The Code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference field lengths for which the runway is intended is to be selected.
Note: The determination of the aeroplane reference field length is solely for the selection of a Code number and must not be confused with runway length requirements, which are influenced by other factors.
2.1.5.3 The Code letter for element 2 shall be determined by the aerodrome operator from column 3 of Table 2.1-1. Subject to paragraph 2.1.5.3A, the Code letter corresponds to the greatest wingspan or the greatest outer main gear wheel span, whichever gives the more demanding Code letter, of the aeroplanes for which the facility is intended to be selected.
2.1.5.3A The Code letter is D where:
(a) all the aeroplanes for which the facility is intended to be selected have a wingspan that is less than 52 m; and
(b) an aeroplane for which the facility is intended to be selected has an outer main gear wheel span that is at least 9 m but less than 14 m.
2.1.5.4 Information of the Aerodrome Reference Code number for each runway at the aerodrome shall be provided for publication in Runway Distances Supplement section of the En-route Supplement Australia. For certified aerodromes, information of the Aerodrome Reference Code letter for each runway and taxiway shall be set out in the Aerodrome Manual.
2.1.5.5 Unless otherwise agreed by CASA, aerodrome operators must maintain the runways and taxiways in accordance with the applicable standards set out in this MOS for the notified aerodrome reference code for that runway or taxiway.
Table 2.1‑1: Aerodrome Reference Code
Aerodrome Reference Code
Code element 1
Code element 2
Code number
Aeroplane reference field length
Code letter
Wing span
Outer main gear wheel span
1
Less than 800 m
A
Up to but not including 15 m
Up to but not including 4.5 m
2
800 m up to but not including 1200 m
B
15 m up to but not including 24 m
4.5 m up to but not including 6 m
3
1200 m up to but not including 1800 m
C
24 m up to but not including 36 m
6 m up to but not including 9 m
4
1800 m and over
D
36 m up to but not including 52 m
9 m up to but not including 14 m
E
52 m up to but not including 65 m
9 m up to but not including 14 m
F
65 m up to but not including 80 m
14 m up to but not including 16 m
2.1.6 Providing for Future Larger Aeroplanes
2.1.6.1 Nothing in this MOS is intended to inhibit the planning or provision of aerodrome facilities for larger aeroplanes that may be accommodated by the aerodrome at a later date. However, where movement area facilities are built for future larger aeroplanes, the aerodrome operator must liaise with the relevant CASA office to determine interim notification of Reference Code and maintenance arrangements.
2.1.6.2 It is the prerogative of aerodrome operators to select the appropriate aeroplane and aeroplane characteristics for master planning of their aerodromes. This MOS has included ICAO Code F specifications for aerodrome facilities intended for aeroplanes larger than B 747 wide body jets.
2.1.9A Aerodrome with Terminal Instrument Flight Procedures
2.1.9A.1 Where an aerodrome with a terminal instrument flight procedure (TIFP) ceases (for whatever reason) to be:
(a) a certified aerodrome (and does not immediately become registered); or
(b) a registered aerodrome (and does not immediately become certified);
CASA will take every reasonable step necessary to notify the certified or authorised designer of the TIFP of the cessation.
Note: This procedure is to complement the obligations on the certified or authorised designer of a TIFP under Chapter 6 of the Manual of Standards (MOS) Part 173 — Standards Applicable to the Provision of Instrument Flight Procedure Design. However, a failure to comply with subsection 2.1.9A does not affect any obligation under Chapter 6 of MOS Part 173
2.1.10 Runways Used for Special Authorisation Category I instrument Approach Operations
Note: Special Authorisation Category I instrument approach operation is defined in AIP.
2.1.10.1 A runway is not suitable to be used for a Special Authorisation (SA) Category I instrument approach operation unless all of the requirements in paragraphs 2.1.10.2 to 2.1.10.10 are met.
2.1.10.2 The aerodrome at which the runway is located must be a controlled aerodrome.
Note: Aircraft operators will not be permitted to conduct SA Category I instrument approach operations unless aerodrome control is in operation.
2.1.10.3 Subject to paragraph 2.1.10.11, the runway must meet the standards in this MOS for a precision approach runway.
2.1.10.4 The runway must have electronic RVR equipment in the touchdown zone of the runway.
Note: The runway may have electronic RVR equipment in the other zones of the runway.
2.1.10.5 The aerodrome operator must confirm with the ATS provider that the control tower has suitable RVR display equipment.
2.1.10.6 The runway must have a declared landing distance available of at least 1,524 m.
2.1.10.7 The runway must have, or be qualified for, a precision approach Category I ILS procedure.
2.1.10.8 An OFZ must be established for the runway.
2.1.10.9 In consultation with the ATS provider and the relevant aeronautical telecommunications service and radio navigation service provider, the relevant ILS equipment critical and sensitive areas must be determined, documented and associated protection requirements defined in the aerodrome’s low visibility procedures.
2.1.10.10 The aerodrome operator must confirm with the relevant aeronautical telecommunications service and radio navigation service provider that the runway is equipped with a suitable precision approach aid.
2.1.10.11 Despite Chapter 9, a runway used for an SA Category I instrument approach operation is not required to have an approach lighting system extending over a distance of 900 m from the runway threshold.
Notes: 1: A runway with an existing Category II, Category III or SA Category II precision approach procedure is automatically eligible for SA Category I instrument approach operations.
2: Where possible, the runway should be equipped with an approach lighting system extending over a distance of at least 720 m from the runway threshold, which is either a precision approach Category I lighting system or a precision approach Category II and III lighting system.
3: The operating minima in each case are dictated by the available lighting facilities. Absence of an approach lighting system or a shorter approach lighting system will result in higher RVR minima. See the Manual of Standards (MOS) Part 173 – Standards Applicable to the Provision of Instrument Flight Procedure Design for specific details.
2.1.11 Runways Used for Special Authorisation Category II Instrument Approach Operations
Note: Special Authorisation Category II instrument approach operation is defined in AIP.
2.1.11.1 A runway is not suitable to be used for an SA Category II instrument approach operation unless all of the requirements in paragraphs 2.1.11.2 to 2.1.11.8 are met.
2.1.11.2 The aerodrome at which the runway is located must be a controlled aerodrome.
Note: Aircraft operators will not be permitted to conduct SA Category II instrument approach operations unless aerodrome control is in operation.
2.1.11.3 Subject to paragraph 2.1.11.9, the runway must meet all of the standards in this MOS for a precision approach runway Category II.
2.1.11.4 The runway must have electronic RVR equipment in the touchdown zone and at least 1 other zone of the runway.
2.1.11.5 The aerodrome operator must confirm with the ATS provider that the control tower has suitable RVR display equipment.
2.1.11.6 The runway must have a declared landing distance available of at least 1,830 m.
2.1.11.7 In consultation with the ATS provider and the relevant aeronautical telecommunications service and radio navigation service provider, the relevant ILS equipment critical and sensitive areas must be determined, documented and associated protection requirements defined in the aerodrome’s low visibility procedures.
2.1.11.8 The aerodrome operator must confirm with the relevant aeronautical telecommunications service and radio navigation service provider that the runway is equipped with a suitable precision approach aid.
2.1.11.9 Despite Chapter 9, a runway used for an SA Category II instrument approach operation is not required to have a precision approach Category II and Category III lighting system extending over a distance of 900 m from the runway threshold, runway centreline lighting or touchdown zone lighting.
Notes: 1: A runway with an existing Category II or Category III precision approach procedure is automatically eligible for SA Category II instrument approach operations.
2: Where possible, the runway should be equipped with an approach lighting system extending over a distance of at least 720 m from the runway threshold which is either a precision approach Category I lighting system or a precision approach Category II and III lighting system.
3: The operating minima in each case are dictated by the available lighting facilities. Absence of runway centreline lighting, touchdown zone lighting or an approach lighting system will result in higher RVR minima. Also, a shorter approach lighting system will result in higher operating minima. See the Manual of Standards (MOS) Part 173 – Standards Applicable to the Provision of Instrument Flight Procedure Design for specific details.
CHAPTER 3: APPLYING FOR AN AERODROME CERTIFICATE
Section 3.1: General
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.1.1 Pursuant to CASR Part 139, aerodromes intended to accommodate aeroplanes with more than 30 passenger seats conducting air transport operations must be certified. Operators of other aerodromes may also apply for an aerodrome certificate.
3.1.1.2 The applicant shall be the owner of the aerodrome site, or have obtained permission from the owner to use the site as an aerodrome.
3.1.1.3 CASA’s aerodrome certification process only addresses the aviation safety aspect of the aerodrome. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that use of the site as an aerodrome is in compliance with other federal, state and local statutory requirements. The aerodrome certificate does not absolve the applicant from observing such requirements.
3.1.1.4 Before submitting an application, the applicant must prepare an Aerodrome Manual, in accordance with the requirements set out in CASR Part 139. The standards to meet the requirements are set out in various chapters in this Manual of Standards (MOS). The initial application must be made on CASA Form 1186 (specimen at Section 3.2). The completed form shall be returned to the nearest CASA office, together with a copy of the Aerodrome Manual.
3.1.2 Aerodrome Certificate Processing Fee
3.1.2.1 Upon receipt of the application, the relevant CASA Aerodrome Inspector will assess the likely effort involved in processing the application and provide the applicant with a quotation for the aerodrome certification processing fee.
3.1.2.2 The certificate application will only be processed upon payment of the certification processing fee.
3.1.3 Processing an Aerodrome Certificate Application
3.1.3.1 Applications shall be submitted in sufficient time to allow for detailed consideration and inspection of the aerodrome before the desired date of issue of the certificate.
3.1.3.2 Engineering and survey reports of the physical characteristics of the movement area, pavement strength and surface, obstacle limitation surfaces, etc., shall be provided by the applicant as required by CASA.
3.1.3.3 As part of the certification process, CASA Aerodrome Inspector may carry out inspection or testing of any aspect of the aerodrome or require substantiation of any information provided by the applicant. However, it should be clearly understood that the CASA sample checking process does not absolve the applicant from the responsibility to provide accurate information.
3.1.3.4 Special assessments may be necessary if there are aerodrome facilities that are not in full compliance with the applicable standards. This may involve more time and resources and may result in restrictions being imposed on aircraft operations.
3.1.4 Granting of an Aerodrome Certificate
3.1.4.1 Before an aerodrome certificate is granted, CASA needs to be satisfied that:
(a) the aerodrome physical characteristics and facilities are in compliance with relevant standards or are adequate for aeroplane safety;
(b) the aerodrome operating procedures proposed by the applicant and set out in the Aerodrome Manual are appropriate and adequate for the expected level of aircraft activities at the aerodrome;
(c) there are sufficient experienced trained or qualified personnel to conduct the safety functions of the aerodrome;
(d) the aerodrome operator is aware of the aerodrome safety functions and can be expected to properly operate the aerodrome.
3.1.4.2 Aerodrome certificates are granted on the condition that the aerodrome will, at all times, be in compliance with applicable regulations and standards. CASR Part 139 also empowers CASA to attach additional conditions to a licence to take account of particular circumstances of the aerodrome.
3.1.4.3 Once granted, except for a temporary certificate which has a finite term, an aerodrome certificate will remain in force until it is suspended or cancelled.
3.1.5 Maintenance and Control of Aerodrome Manual
3.1.5.1 CASA will retain one copy of the Aerodrome Manual. The aerodrome operator must keep his or her copy of the Aerodrome Manual at the aerodrome or at the operator’s principal place of business and make it available for CASA audit purposes.
3.1.5.2 Additional copies of the Aerodrome Manual may be made available so that aerodrome staff and other organisations at the aerodrome may have access to a copy of the Manual.
3.1.5.3 When additional copies or sections of the Manual are required, the aerodrome manual controller is responsible for updates and distribution to those persons.
3.1.6 Initiating NOTAM to Promulgate a Certified Aerodrome
3.1.6.1 The CASA Aerodrome Inspector responsible for the certification process will prepare and forward to the NOTAM Office a permanent NOTAM setting out all the aerodrome information which will be included in AIP ERSA and the Runway Distances Supplement, including the effective date when the aerodrome is certified.
Section 3.2: Application for an Aerodrome Certificate
3.2.1 Sample Aerodrome Certificate Application
CHAPTER 4: APPLYING TO REGISTER AN AERODROME
Section 4.1: General
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.1.1 Pursuant to CASR Part 139, operators of uncertified aerodromes may apply to have their aerodromes registered by CASA. A registered aerodrome will have aerodrome information published in ERSA, and changes to aerodrome information or conditions affecting aircraft operations can be notified through the NOTAM system.
Note: CASA will only approve instrument runways used for air transport operations at an aerodrome that is either certified or registered.
4.1.1.2 The applicant for registration must be the owner of the aerodrome site, or have obtained permission from the owner to use the site as an aerodrome.
4.1.1.3 CASA’s aerodrome registration process only addresses the aviation safety aspect of the aerodrome. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that use of the site as an aerodrome is in compliance with other federal, state and local authority requirements. The aerodrome registration does not absolve the applicant from observing such requirements.
4.1.2 Aerodrome Registration Application and Processing Fee
4.1.2.1 Application for registration must be made on CASA Form 1187 (specimen shown in 4.2.1), obtainable from the nearest CASA office. The completed form, together with aerodrome information for publication in ERSA and confirmation from an approved person as prescribed in CASR Part 139, that the aerodrome meets applicable safety standards, shall be returned to the nearest CASA office.
Note: List of approved persons for registered aerodromes can be accessed through CASA web site or provided on request from the nearest CASA office.
4.1.2.2 Upon receipt of the application, the CASA Aerodrome Inspector will assess the likely effort involved in processing the registration application and provide the applicant with a quotation for the aerodrome registration processing fee.
4.1.2.3 The registration processing fee may include the CASA Aerodrome Inspector making an inspection of the aerodrome. The inspection is normally only required if the information supplied is, in the opinion of the Aerodrome Inspector, inadequate or requires further clarification.
4.1.2.4 The application will only be processed upon payment of the registration processing fee.
4.1.2.5 Applications shall be submitted in sufficient time to allow for detailed consideration and inspection of the aerodrome, before the desired registration date.
4.1.3 Approving a Registration Application
4.1.3.1 Registration is approved on the condition that:
(a) the aerodrome meets appropriate standards;
(b) the aerodrome operator has the capacity to properly maintain the aerodrome; and
(c) the reporting officer has been trained to the standards detailed in Chapter 10.
4.1.3.2 When the application is approved, the responsible CASA Aerodrome Inspector will prepare and forward to the NOTAM Office a permanent NOTAM setting out all the aerodrome information which will be included in ERSA and the Runway Distances Supplement. The CASA Aerodrome Inspector will also confirm, to the applicant, in writing, that the aerodrome is or will be registered, together with a copy of the NOTAM message.
4.1.4 Maintenance of Registration
4.1.4.1 Registered aerodromes will be included in the CASA aerodrome surveillance program. A scheduled visit by a CASA Aerodrome Inspector can be expected periodically. Appropriate notice of the scheduled visit will be given. Unscheduled visits may occur at any time, such as when prompted by reported safety concerns.
4.1.4.2 Registration will remain in force until it is suspended or cancelled.
4.1.4.3 Registration may be suspended if CASA is not satisfied with:
(a) the accuracy of aerodrome information provided;
(b) the on-going maintenance of the aerodrome; or
(c) the ability of the reporting officer to conduct on-going aerodrome serviceability inspection and reporting functions.
Notes: 1. Keeping records of aerodrome serviceability inspections, aerodrome works and NOTAMS issued will assist in demonstrating that the aerodrome has been operated properly.
2. Standards for ongoing operations and maintenance of a registered aerodrome are specified in Chapter 12.
4.1.4.4 Registration may be cancelled:
(a) on request of the aerodrome operator; or
(b) by CASA after the aerodrome registration was suspended and the identified safety concerns are not corrected to the satisfaction of CASA, within an acceptable period.
4.1.5 Aerodrome Safety Inspection Report
4.1.5.1 Operators of registered aerodromes are required to submit to CASA an Aerodrome Safety Inspection Report prepared by an approved person as specified in the regulations. This must be done either annually, or at a longer interval as agreed by the relevant CASA Aerodrome Inspector.
Section 4.2: Application to Register an Aerodrome
4.2.1 Application to Register an Aerodrome
CHAPTER 5: AERODROME INFORMATION FOR AIP
Section 5.1: General
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.1.1 CASR Part 139 requires the applicant of an aerodrome certificate to provide information relating to the aerodrome for publication in Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). This information must be included in the applicant’s proposed Aerodrome Manual. Aerodrome information may be published in AIP - Enroute Supplement Australia (ERSA), AIP - Runway Distances Supplement (RDS) and AIP - Departure and Approach Procedures charts (DAP).
5.1.1.2 This Chapter sets out the aerodrome information which needs to be provided and the standards to which such aerodrome information must be gathered and presented.
5.1.1.3 The standards in this Chapter on gathering and presentation of aerodrome information are also applicable to aerodrome information provided to CASA for aerodrome registration.
5.1.1.4 The importance of providing accurate aerodrome information for the safety of aircraft operations cannot be overemphasised. Accordingly, care and diligence must be exercised in obtaining the aerodrome information to be published. This will involve the use of appropriately qualified persons to measure, determine or calculate aerodrome operational information.
5.1.1.5 After the information is published, maintaining its accuracy is also of fundamental importance. Standards for maintaining accuracy of published aerodrome information in AIP, including NOTAMS, are set out in Chapter 10.
5.1.2 Aerodrome Information to be Provided for a Certified Aerodrome
5.1.2.1 Aerodrome diagram. An aerodrome diagram must be provided to illustrate:
(a) layout of runways, taxiways and apron(s);
(b) nature of the runway surfaces;
(c) designations and length of runways;
(d) designations of the taxiways, where applicable;
(e) location of illuminated and non-illuminated wind direction indicators;
(f) location of the aerodrome reference point;
(g) the direction and distance to the nearest town;
(h) location of terminal buildings; and
(i) location of helipads.
5.1.2.2 Aerodrome administration. This must include:
(a) name, address, telephone and facsimile numbers of the aerodrome operator; including after hours contacts;
(b) aerodrome usage, public or private;
(c) aerodrome charges, where notification is desired.
5.1.2.3 Aerodrome location. This information must include;
(a) name of aerodrome;
(b) State or Territory of Australia;
(c) World Aeronautical Chart number, if known;
(d) latitude and longitude, based on the aerodrome reference point;
(e) magnetic variation;
(f) time conversion-universal time coordinated (UTC) plus local time difference;
(g) AVFAX and ‘Y’ location code indicator, if known;
(h) aerodrome elevation;
(i) currency of Type A charts, if provided.
5.1.2.4 Movement area. Must include for each runway designation;
(a) aerodrome reference code number;
(b) runway bearings-in degrees magnetic;
(c) runway length and surface type;
(d) runway pavement strength rating;
(e) runway and runway strip width;
(f) runway slope;
(g) runway declared distances, and STODA.
(h) elevation of the mid point of runway threshold, for instrument runways.
5.1.2.5 Approach and Runway Lighting. For each runway, the following details of approach and runway lighting systems must be provided:
(a) type, length and intensity of approach lighting system;
(b) runway threshold lights, colour and wing bars;
(c) type of visual approach slope indicator system;
(d) length of runway touchdown zone lights;
(e) length, spacing, colour and intensity of runway centreline lights;
(f) length, spacing, colour and intensity of runway edge lights;
(g) colour of runway end lights and wing bars;
(h) length and colour of stopway lights.
5.1.2.5A Other Lighting and Secondary Power Supply. The following details of aerodrome lighting and secondary power supply systems must be provided:
(a) location, characteristics and hours of operation of aerodrome beacon (if any);
(b) lighting systems for taxiways;
(c) any other lighting systems;
(d) secondary power supply including switch-over time.
5.1.2.6 Navigation aids. Details of any navigation aid, which is provided by Airservices Australia or the aerodrome operator.
5.1.2.7 Rescue and fire-fighting services. The category of aerodrome-based rescue and fire-fighting services provided by Airservices Australia or the aerodrome operator.
5.1.2.8 Ground services. This information must include:
(a) fuel suppliers and their contact details, including after hours;
(b) automatic weather information broadcast if provided by aerodrome operator;
(c) ground to air communication systems such as Unicom, aerodrome frequency response unit (AFRU) or approved air ground operator service provided by the aerodrome operator, and
(d) any other services available to pilots.
5.1.2.9 Special procedures. Include any special procedures unique to the aerodrome, which pilots need to be advised; in cases where the flying procedure is generated by the aerodrome operator.
5.1.2.10 Notices. Include important cautionary or administrative information relating to the use of the aerodrome.
5.1.2.11 Low Visibility Procedures. If low visibility procedures are established at a controlled aerodrome, the information to be provided must include the following:
(a) the runways and associated equipment that are used under low visibility procedures;
(b) minimum take off and landing visibility for which the aerodrome facilities are capable of providing appropriate support;
(c) defined meteorological conditions under which low visibility procedures are initiated, used and terminated;
(d) a description of ground marking and lighting for use under low visibility procedures.
5.1.3 Standards for Determining Aerodrome Information
5.1.3.1 Nature of runway surface. The runway surface type must be notified as either:
(a) bitumen seal;
(b) asphalt;
(c) concrete;
(d) gravel;
(e) grass; or
(f) natural surface.
Where only the central portion of runway is sealed, this must be advised accordingly.
5.1.3.2 Runway bearing and designation. The bearing of runways must be determined in degrees magnetic. Runways are normally numbered in relation to their magnetic direction, rounded off to the nearest 10 degrees.
5.1.3.3 Runway length. The aerodrome operator must provide the physical length of runways in whole numbers of metres and feet , with feet bracketed.
5.1.3.4 Taxiway designation. A single letter must be used without numbers to designate each main taxiway. Alpha-numeric designators may be used for short feeder taxiways. See also Chapter 8.
5.1.3.5 Aerodrome reference point (ARP). The geographic coordinates of the aerodrome reference point must be notified in degrees, minutes and tenths of a minute; based on the World Geodetic System-1984 (WGS-84). The ARP should be located at or near the centroid of the aerodrome.
5.1.3.6 Aerodrome elevation. Must be at the highest point of the landing area, above mean sea level. Aerodrome elevation must be reported in feet, based on the Australian Height Datum, to an accuracy of one foot.
5.1.3.7 Runway reference code number. For each runway provide the reference code number as defined in Chapter 2.
5.1.3.8 Pavement strength.
Aircraft less than 5,700 kg maximum take-off mass.(a)
The bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of 5700 kg mass or less, must be made available by reporting the following information:
(i) maximum allowable aircraft mass; and
(ii) maximum allowable tyre pressure.
Aircraft greater than 5,700 kg maximum take-off mass.(b)
Report the bearing strength of pavements intended for aircraft greater than 5,700 kg mass, in accordance with the Aircraft Classification Number/Pavement Classification Number (ACN/PCN) system; reporting all of the following information:
(i) the pavement classification number (PCN);
(ii) pavement type for ACN-PCN determination;
(iii) subgrade strength category;
(iv) maximum allowable tyre pressure category; and
(v) evaluation method.
Note: The PCN reported will indicate that an aircraft with an aircraft classification number (ACN) equal to or less than the reported PCN can operate on the pavement subject to any limitation on the tyre pressure, or aircraft all-up weight for specified aircraft type(s).
(c) Information on pavement type for ACN-PCN determination, subgrade strength category, maximum tyre pressure category and evaluation method must be reported using the following codes:
(i)
Pavement type for ACN-PCN determination:
Code
Rigid pavement
R
Flexible pavement
F
(ii)
Subgrade strength category:
Code
High strength: characterised by a K value of 150 MN/m3 and representing all K values above 120MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR 15 and representing all CBR values above 13 for flexible pavements.
A
Medium strength: characterised by a K value of 80 MN/m3 and representing a range in K of 60 to 120 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR 10 and representing a range in CBR of 8 to 13 for flexible pavements.
B
Low strength: characterised by a K value of 40 MN/m3 and representing a range in K of 25 to 60 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR 6 and representing a range in CBR of 4 to 8 for flexible pavements.
C
Ultra low strength: characterised by a K value of 20 MN/m3 and representing all K values below 25 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR 3 and representing all CBR values below 4 for flexible pavements.
D
(iii)
Maximum allowable tyre pressure category:
Code
High: no pressure limit
W
Medium: pressure limited to 1.50 MPa
X
Low: pressure limited to 1.00 MPa
Y1
Low: pressure limited to 0.80 MPa
Y2
Very low: pressure limited to 0.50 MPa
Z
(iv)
Evaluation method:
Code
Technical evaluation: representing a specific study of the pavement characteristics and application of pavement behaviour technology.
T
Using aircraft experience: representing knowledge of the specific type and mass of aircraft satisfactorily being supported under regular use.
U
(v) Examples of pavement strength reporting
Example 1: If the bearing strength of a rigid pavement, built on a medium strength subgrade, has been assessed by technical evaluation to be PCN 80 and there is no tyre pressure limitation, then the reported information would be:
PCN 80/R/B/W/T
Example 2: If the bearing strength of a flexible pavement, built on a high strength subgrade, has been assessed by using aircraft experience to be PCN 50 and the maximum tyre pressure allowable is 1.00 MPa, then the reported information would be:
PCN 50/F/A/Y/U
Example 3: If the bearing strength of a flexible pavement, built on a medium strength subgrade, has been assessed by technical evaluation to be PCN 40 and the tyre pressure is to be limited to 0.80 MPa, then the reported information would be:
PCN 40/F/B/0.80 MPa/T
Example 4: If a pavement is subject to B747-400 all up mass limitation of 390,000 kg, then the reported information would include the following note:
Note: The reported PCN is subject to a B747-400 all up mass limitation of 390,000 kg.
5.1.3.10 Runway strip width. For non instrument runways, provide the full width of graded strip. For an instrument runway, provide the full width of runway strip which must include the graded portion and the flyover portion; in whole numbers of metres.
5.1.3.11 Runway slope. Determine the slope of runways, by taking the difference between the maximum and minimum elevation along the centreline and dividing the result by the runway length. Slope must be expressed as a percentage, to the nearest one tenth of a percent, indicating the direction of descent. Where there are significant multiple slope changes along the runway, slopes over individual segments must be provided over the length of the runway.
5.1.3.12 Declared distances.
(a) Declared distances are the available operational distances notified to a pilot for take-off, landing or safely aborting a take-off. These distances are used to determine whether the runway is adequate for the proposed landing or take-off or to determine the maximum payload permissible for a landing or take-off.
(b) The following distances in metres with feet equivalent shown in brackets, must be determined for each runway direction.
(i) take off run available (TORA);
(ii) take off distance available (TODA);
(iii) accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA);
(iv) landing distance available (LDA);
(c) Calculation of declared distances. The declared distances must be calculated in accordance with the following:
(i) Take-off run available (TORA) is defined as the length of runway available for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off. This is normally the full length of the runway; neither the SWY nor CWY are involved.
TORA = Length of RW
(ii) Take-off distance available (TODA) is defined as the distance available to an aeroplane for completion of its ground run, lift-off and initial climb to 35 ft. This will normally be the full length of the runway plus the length of any CWY. Where there is no designated CWY, the part of the runway strip between the end of the runway and the runway strip end is included as part of the TODA. Each TODA must be accompanied by an obstacle clear take-off gradient expressed as a percentage.
| Runway Designation:............................................ Runway Reference Code: ...................................... Runway End:........... TORA: ................... TODA: ................... (…...%) ASDA: ................... LDA: .................. Runway End:........... TORA: ................... TODA: ................... (…...%) ASDA: ................... LDA: .................. Runway Width: .......... Runway Slope:............... Runway Strip Width (graded): ..................... (overall):.............. STODA: Runway End:......... 1.6%.................. 1.9%............. 2.2%............. 2.5%............. 3.3%............. 5.0%................. Runway End:......... 1.6%.................. 1.9%............. 2.2%............. 2.5%............. 3.3%............. 5.0%................. Pavement Surface Type:........................... Pavement Rating:................................................... (ACN/PCN) or Maximum Aircraft Weight.......................... and Tyre Pressure............................................. able to use runway. |
6e. Aerodrome Lighting: .............................................. (For each runway equipped with lighting, provide the following. Add extra pages if there is more than one runway with lighting.)
| Runway Designation:...................................................... Light Intensity: Low q Medium q High q Approach Lighting Provided: Yes q No q Any other lighting, specify:............................................................................................................................ |
6f. Ground Services (Provide the following information on services available to pilots.)
| Fuel Type: ......................... Supplier: ........................................................................ Tel: (B/H)........................... (A/H)..................................... Met Facilities Available: Yes q No q TAF Category:.................. AWIS Phone Number:............................... AWIS Frequency:.................................. CTAF or MBZ available: Yes q No q CTAF: ......................... MBZ: ......................... UNICOM: ............................... AFRU: ............................ Navaid Facilities Available: Yes q No q Type:...................... Code:.............................. Coordinates:..................................... Range:......................... Monitoring:...................................................... ATS Communication Facilities Available: Yes q No q FIA:.................................. On Ground:............................. Circuit:............................... Passenger Facilities Available: Yes q No q .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... | ||||
| 6g. Special Procedures: ... (Provide the following information about any special procedures that pilots need to observe or follow.) | ||||
| Special Procedures Apply: Yes q No q .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... | ||||
| 6h. Notices: (Provide the following information on any local safety information.) | ||||
| Details of any Obstacles:.............................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................... Details of any Hazards (eg, birds or animals):................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... Details of any Restrictions on the use of Taxiways or Aprons:......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... Details of any other activities at the aerodrome (eg, sport aviation activities):................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... | ||||
| Approved person’s signature............................................................. Date................. /............ /............. | ||||
| The Federal Government TimeSaver initiative aims to assess the time taken to complete Government Forms. Please indicate the approximate time taken to complete this form. | Hrs | Mins | ||
NOTES TO MANUAL OF STANDARDS PART 139
Note 1
The Manual of Standards Part 139 (in force under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998) as shown in this compilation comprises Manual of Standards Part 139 amended as indicated in the Tables below.
Table of Manual of Standards and Amendments
| Year and | Date of notification | Date of | Application, saving or |
| MOS 139 | 1 May 2003 | 1 May 2003 | |
| Manual of Standards (MOS) Part 139 — Aerodromes (Amendment) (CASA 390/04) | FRLI 9 June 2005 (see F2005B01530) | 1 September 2004 | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment (No. 1) 2008 | FRLI 9 January 2008 (see F2008L00088) | 10 January 2008 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment (No. 2) 2008 | FRLI 15 April 2008 (see F2008L01090) | 16 April 2008 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment (No. 1) 2010 | FRLI 12 May 2010 (see F2010L01202) | 13 May 2010 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument (No. 1) 2011 | FRLI 29 April 2011 (see F2011L00657) | Ss. 1–3 and Schedule 1: 02 June 2011 Schedule 2: 17 November 2011 | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2012 (No. 1) | FRLI 02 February 2012 (see F2012L00151) | 03 February 2012 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2012 (No. 2) | FRLI 24 February 2012 (see F2012L00401) | 25 February 2012 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2012 (No. 3) | FRLI 30 March 2012 (see F2012L00737) | 1 April 2012 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2013 (No. 1) | FRLI 01 October 2013 (see F2013L01756) | 2 October 2013 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2014 (No. 1) | FRLI 11 November 2014 (see F2014L01506) | 13 November 2014 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Parts 139, 171, 172 and 173 Amendment Instrument 2016 (No. 1) | FRLI 13 January 2016 (see F2016L00042) | 3 March 2016 (see s. 2) | — |
| Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2017 (No. 1) | FRLI 24 January 2017 (see F2017L00062) | 25 January 2017 (see s. 2) | — |
Revision History
Note: The Revision History shows the most recent amendment first. Scroll down the table to view details of previous amendment information.
| Version | Date | Chapter/ Section/ Paragraph | Details |
| 1.14 | January 2017 | Subsection 6.3.12 | Substituted |
| Refer Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2017 (No. 1) | Subsection 6.3.17, Table 6.3-5 (including the Note) | Substituted | |
| Subsection 6.5.2.1, Table 6.5-1 | Substituted with a new table, paragraphs 6.5.2.1A and 6.5.2.1B, and a note | ||
| 1.13 | March 2016 | After subsection 2.1.9A | Inserted new subsections 2.1.10 and 2.1.11, which detail the standards for runways used, respectively, for Special Authorisation Category I instrument Approach Operations and Special Authorisation Category II instrument Approach Operations |
| Paragraph 6.2.21.1 | Inserted additional types of instrument approach operations covered by the standard | ||
| Refer Manual of Standards Parts 139, 171, 172 and 173 Amendment Instrument 2016 (No. 1) | Paragraph 6.2.21.1, Note | Inserted additional types of instrument approach operations covered by the standard | |
| Paragraph 7.2.4.2 | Substituted | ||
| Subparagraph 10.17.2.1 (c) (i) | Substituted | ||
| Subparagraph 10.17.2.1 (c) (vi) | Omitted ‘aids.’ and inserted ‘aids;’ | ||
| Paragraphs 10.17.3.1 and 10.17.3.2 (excluding Notes) | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 10.17.3.2, Note 3 | Omitted ‘precision approach Category II or III operations’ and inserted ‘instrument approach operations with minima less than precision approach Category I’ | ||
| After paragraph 10.17.3.2 (including Notes) | Inserted paragraph 10.17.3.3 | ||
| 1.12 | November 2014 | Subsection 1.1.1 | Substituted |
| Paragraph 1.1.5.1 | Substituted name of CASA branch | ||
| Refer Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment Instrument 2014 (No. 1) | Paragraph 1.1.5.2 | Omitted ‘and Chief Executive Officer’ | |
| Paragraph 1.1.5.3 | Substituted title of person | ||
| Subparagraph 1.1.6.1 (d) | Omitted | ||
| Section 1.2, Definitions | Inserted a new paragraph before the table | ||
| Inserted definitions for AEI, Aerodrome facility, Air transport operations, ALA, APEI, API, Apron taxiway, Charter operations , Exit taxiway, Other aerodrome facility standard, Rapid exit taxiway, Regular public transport operations, RESA, RPA, Taxilane, Taxiway system, and Upgrade (for an aerodrome facility) | |||
| Omitted definition for Critical aeroplane | |||
| Substituted definition for Taxiway | |||
| After subsection 1.2.1 | Inserted paragraphs 1.2.2 and 1.2.3 | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.1.1 | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.1.2 | Amended text | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.1.3 | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.2.1 | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.2.2 | Substituted Paragraph 2.1.2.2 and inserted paragraph 2.1.2.2A | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.2.3 | Substituted | ||
| After paragraph 2.1.2.3 | Insert paragraph 2.1.2.3A | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.2.4 | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.3.1 | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.3.2 | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.3.3 | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.5.1 | Amended wording | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.5.2 | Amended wording | ||
| Paragraph 2.1.5.3 | Substituted Paragraph 2.1.5.3 and inserted paragraph 2.1.5.3A | ||
| Subsection 2.1.6 | Omitted | ||
| Subsection 2.1.8 | Omitted | ||
| Subsection 2.1.9 | Omitted | ||
| Subsection 3.1.7 (including the Note) | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 5.1.3.9 (including the Note and Table 5.1-1) | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 6.1.1.1 | Added a note | ||
| Paragraph 6.1.1.5 | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 6.1.1.6 | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.3.1, Table 6.2-1, Code Number | Amended text | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.3.1, Table 6.2-1, Note 1 | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.3.1A (including the Note) | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.9.3 | Omitted | ||
| 1.12 contd. | November 2014 | Paragraph 6.2.11.3 | Omitted |
| Paragraph 6.2.18.1, Table 6.2-5, Aerodrome reference code | Amended text | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.18.1, Table 6.2-5, Footnote a | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.18.2, Table 6.2-6 | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.18.3, Table 6.2-7, Note 1 | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.23.4 | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 6.2.39.1 | Amended text | ||
| Subparagraph 6.3.1.1A (c) | Amended text | ||
| After subsection 6.5.2 | Inserted subsection 6.5.2A | ||
| Paragraph 6.7.1.1 | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 7.1.7.2, the Note | Omitted | ||
| Paragraph 8.2.2.3 | Omitted reference to Chapter 13 | ||
| Paragraph 8.5.28.1 | Amended text | ||
| Paragraph 8.5.28.1, Figure 8.5-24 | Amended wording in the figure | ||
| Paragraph 8.6.13.2 | Amended text | ||
| Paragraph 8.11.5.2 | Amended text | ||
| Subparagraph 9.1.1.2 (c) (except the Notes) | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 10.15.5.1 (except the Note) | Substituted | ||
| Paragraph 12.1.1.1 | Added a note | ||
| After paragraph 12.1.1.2 | Inserted paragraphs 12.1.1.2A and 12.1.1.2B | ||
| Chapter 13 | Omitted | ||
| 1.11 | November 2013 Refer Amendment Instrument 2013 (No. 1) | Paragraph 11.1.4.3, after Note 2 | Note 3 added |
| After paragraph 11.1.4.3 | Paragraphs 11.1.4.4 – 11.1.4.8 added | ||
| 1.10 | May 2012 Refer Amendment Instrument 2012 (No. 3) | After subsection 2.1.9 | Subsection 2.1.9A added |
| 1.9 | March 2012 Refer Amendment Instrument 2012 (No. 2) | Paragraph 9.7.2.10 | Cross reference ‘subparagraph 9.7.2.7 (a)’ changed to ‘sub-subparagraph 9.7.2.7 (b) (i)’ |
| 1.8 | February 2012 Refer Amendment Instrument 2012 (No. 1) | After subsection 10.9.3 | Subsection 10.9.4 added |
| 1.7 | November 2011 | 5.1.2.5 | Substituted by 5.1.2.5 and 5.1.2.5A |
| Refer Amendment Instrument (No. 1) 2011 Schedule 2 | After paragraph 5.1.2.10 | 5.1.2.11 added | |
| Section 10.17 | Substituted | ||
| After Section 10.18 | Section 10.19 added | ||
| 1.6 | June 2011 | 1.2 | Definitions for Instrument Runway and Runway Visual Range (RVR) substituted |
| Refer Amendment Instrument (No. 1) 2011 Schedule 1 | Definitions for Low visibility procedures, Runway visibility (RV), and Visibility marker added | ||
| After 6.2.24.2 | New 6.2.24.3 and a note added | ||
| After 6.2.28.1 | Note added | ||
| After 6.2.34.1 | Note added | ||
| After 6.3.15.1 | Note added | ||
| 6.3.17.1, Table 6.3-5, after the second Note | Note 3 added | ||
| 6.4.4.2 | Omitted | ||
| 6.4.4.2, Table 6.4-1, Column 4, Precision Category I | Substituted | ||
| 6.4.4.2, Table 6.4-1, Column 5, Precision Category II or III | Substituted | ||
| 6.4.4.2, Table 6.4-1, after footnote d | Footnotes e and f added. | ||
| After 7.2.3 | Subsection 7.2.4 inserted | ||
| 8.3.7 | Subsections 8.3.7 and 8.3.7A substituted | ||
| 9.1.1.1 (d) | Subparagraphs (d) and (e) substituted | ||
| 9.1.11.1, the Note | Note substituted | ||
| After 9.1.14.9A | Note inserted | ||
| 9.7.2 | Substituted | ||
| 9.7.3 | Substituted | ||
| 9.10.18.1 (a) | Text substituted | ||
| After 9.10.25.1 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.10.25.2 | Omitted | ||
| 9.13.11.2 (a) | Substituted | ||
| After 9.19.3 | Subsection 9.19.4 inserted | ||
| 9.20.2.5 (d) and the Note | Subparagraphs (d) - (g) and a note substituted | ||
| After subsection 11.1.4 | A note and new subsection 11.1.4A inserted | ||
| 11.1.8 | Substituted | ||
| 11.1.9 | Substituted | ||
| 11.1.10 | Substituted | ||
| 11.1.11 | Substituted | ||
| 1.5 | May 2010 | 1.2 | Definition of Visibility changed |
| 9.1.1.2 (c) (i) | Substituted | ||
| Refer Amendment (No. 1) 2010 | 9.1.1.2 (c) (iii), (iv) and Notes | Inserted | |
| 9.1.1.2 (d) | Changed | ||
| 9.1.2.2A and Note | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.4.1 (ab) | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.4.1 (c) | Note deleted | ||
| 1.5 contd | May 2010 | 9.1.5.3 | Note inserted |
| 9.1.6.1 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.1.7.4 | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.8.2 and 9.1.8.3 | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.10 | Substituted | ||
| 9.1.11.1 | Note substituted | ||
| 9.1.12.6 and Note | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.14.9 | Substituted and 9.1.14.9A added | ||
| 9.1.15.1 (a) | Substituted | ||
| 9.1.15.2A | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.15.8 | Note deleted | ||
| 9.1.15.9 and 9.1.15.10 | Inserted | ||
| 9.3.1 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.3.1.2 (f) and Note | Inserted | ||
| 9.4.3.4A | Inserted | ||
| Figure 9.4-1 | Substituted | ||
| 9.4.10.3 | Substituted | ||
| 9.4.10.3A | Inserted | ||
| 9.6.1.1 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.6.1.3 | Substituted and 9.6.1.3A to 9.6.1.3C added | ||
| 9.6.1.4 and Note | Substituted | ||
| 9.9.1.10 | Deleted | ||
| Figure 9.9-6 Key | METH changed to MEHT | ||
| 9.10.11.3 | Substituted | ||
| 9.10.11.6 | Inserted | ||
| 9.10.17.1 (c) | Substituted | ||
| 9.10.24.1 and Note | Substituted | ||
| 9.10.24.2 | 300 changed to 350 | ||
| Figure 9.11-8 | Values for “a” substituted | ||
| 9.13.1.1 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.1.2 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.2.2 (c) | “are” changed to “area” | ||
| 9.13.3.1 | Substituted and 9.13.3.2 and 9.13.3.3 including Notes, added | ||
| Table 9.13-1 | Type substituted | ||
| 9.13.8.3 | Substituted | ||
| Table 9.13-2 | Type substituted | ||
| 9.13.11.5 | Inserted | ||
| 9.13.12.3 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.12.4 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.16 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.23.1 and Note | Substituted and 9.13.23.1A and Note added | ||
| 9.13.26.1 | Substituted and Note added | ||
| 9.13.27.1 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.28.1 | Substituted and Note added | ||
| 9.13.29.1 | Substituted | ||
| Figure 9.14-1 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.14-2 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.14-3 | Title substituted and Note 1 substituted | ||
| 1.5 contd | May 2010 | Figure 9.14-4 | Title substituted |
| Figure 9.14-5 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.15-1 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.15-1 (b) | Inserted | ||
| 9.16.4.8 | Inserted “or proposed” | ||
| 9.16.4.9, 9.16.4.10 and 9.16.4.11 | Inserted | ||
| 9.17.7.3 | Substituted and Note added | ||
| 9.19.1.1 | “are” changed to “must be” | ||
| 9.20.2.5 | Note substituted | ||
| 9.20.2.9 | Inserted and Notes added | ||
| 9.21.1 | Substituted and 9.21.1A added | ||
| 9.21.2 | Heading changed | ||
| 9.21.2.1 | Text of regulation changed | ||
| 14.3.6 | Note inserted | ||
| 1.4 | April 2008 Refer Amendment (No. 2) 2008 | Table 2.1-2 | Table substituted |
| 1.3 | January 2008 | Table 6.2-1 | Deleted Note 2 |
| 6.2.3.1A | New paragraphs inserted | ||
| Refer Amendment (No. 1) 2008 | 6.2.3.1B | ||
| 6.2.3.1C | |||
| 6.2.14.3 | |||
| 6.3.1.1 | First line changed | ||
| Table 6.3-1 | Table substituted | ||
| 6.3.1.1A | New paragraphs inserted | ||
| 6.3.1.1B | |||
| 6.3.2.1 | First line changed | ||
| 6.3.2.1A | New paragraphs inserted | ||
| 6.3.9.1A | |||
| 6.3.10.1(a) | Inserted: “and prevent engine ingestion” | ||
| 6.3.10.1(b) | Deleted: “similar aircraft” Inserted: “Airbus 380 aircraft, being an aircraft” | ||
| 1.2 | September 2004 | 1.1.1 | Heading changed |
| 1.1.1.2A 1.1.1.11 1.1.1.12 | New paragraphs inserted | ||
| Refer Instrument CASA 390/04 | 1.1.2.1 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 to 1.1.5.5 | Changed | |
| 2.1.2.3 | Changed | ||
| 3.2 | Form 1121 replaced by Form 1186 | ||
| 4.2 | Form 1123 replaced by Form 1187 | ||
| 5.1.3.8 (c) (iii) | Two new low pressure categories (Y1 and Y2) added | ||
| 1.2 contd | September 2004 | 5.1.3.9 | Changed and note added |
| Table 5.1.1 | New table (ACN values) inserted | ||
| 5.1.3.23 5.1.3.24 | Changed | ||
| 5.2.2.2 | All diagrams changed | ||
| 6.2.5.1 | Changed | ||
| 6.2.9.1 | Changed and note added | ||
| 6.2.9.1A | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 6.2.10.2 | Changed | ||
| 6.2.29.1 | The note changed | ||
| 6.2.39.2 | ‘accelerated’ changed to ‘accelerate’ | ||
| 6.3.14.3 | Changed and note added | ||
| Table 6.4-1 | Values and notes changed | ||
| 7.1.8.1 and 7.1.8.5 | “Table 10.15-1” replaced by “Table 7.1-1” | ||
| 7.3.2.5 (f) | New subparagraph inserted | ||
| 8.1.2.1 | New note added at the end | ||
| Figure 8.2-1 | Modified by adding dimensions of runway edge marker cones | ||
| 8.3.9.5 | Changed | ||
| Figure 8.3-15 Figure 8.4-2 | Changed | ||
| 8.5.2.5 | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 8.6.6.4 8.7.1.2 | Changed | ||
| Figure 8.10-2 | Changed | ||
| 8.10.4.1 8.10.4.2 | Changed | ||
| 9.1.15.6 | Changed | ||
| 9.9.1.4 (c) 9.9.1.5 | “Double sided PAPI” changed to “Double-sided PAPI” | ||
| 9.9.2.1 9.9.4.4 9.9.4.5 | Changed | ||
| 9.10.17.1(c) | New subparagraph and note added | ||
| Figure 9.11-12 | Title changed | ||
| 9.13.13.4 | New paragraph added | ||
| 9.13.18.1 (Note) | Subparagraph (a) changed | ||
| 9.19.1.1 | Changed | ||
| 9.20.1.1 | “are to be” changed to “must be” | ||
| 9.20.2.1 | Changed | ||
| 9.20.2.5 | Changed and note added | ||
| 9.20.2.6 9.20.2.7 | Changed | ||
| 10.8.1.4A | New paragraph added | ||
| 10.8.7.1 10.9.2.5 10.9.2.6 | Changed | ||
| 10.9.2.7 | New paragraph added | ||
| 1.2 contd | September 2004 | 10.10.4.2. 10.10.7.4 | Changed |
| 10.10.7.4A | New paragraph added | ||
| 10.10.11.5 | New paragraph added | ||
| 10.11.9.1 | Changed | ||
| 10.13.3.2 (b) | New note added | ||
| 11.1.21 | Heading changed | ||
| 11.1.21.1 11.1.21.2 | Changed | ||
| 12.1.3.2(d) | Changed | ||
| 12.1.6.1 (Note) | Changed | ||
| 12.1.7.3 | Changed | ||
| 12.1.8.3 | “taker-of” changed to “take-off” | ||
| 12.1.9 12.1.9.1 | New heading and paragraph inserted | ||
| 12.2 | Form title changed | ||
| 13.1.1 | Heading changed | ||
| 13.1.1.1 | Changed | ||
| 13.1.1.1A | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 13.1.1.2 | “CASR 121B” changed to “CASR Part 121B” | ||
| Table 13.1-1 | Table headings changed New note inserted after table | ||
| 13.1.2.3A | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 13.1.3.3 | Changed | ||
| 13.1.3.6 | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 13.1.4.1 13.1.4.2 | Changed | ||
| 1.1 | February 2003 | All | Reissued |
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