Tran v The Queen

Case [2006] NSWCCA 266


NEW SOUTH WALES COURT OF CRIMINAL APPEAL

CITATION:      Tran v Regina [2006]  NSWCCA 266

FILE NUMBER(S):
2005/2289

HEARING DATE(S):               02/03/2006

DECISION DATE:     30/08/2006

PARTIES:
Minh Tran v Regina

JUDGMENT OF:       Beazley JA Adams J Howie J   

LOWER COURT JURISDICTION: District Court

LOWER COURT FILE NUMBER(S):          04/11/0858

LOWER COURT JUDICIAL OFFICER:     Ainslie-Wallace DCJ

COUNSEL:
D. Arnott SC - Crown
H. Dhanji - Applicant

SOLICITORS:
S. Kavanagh - Crown
J. Doolan - Applicant

CATCHWORDS:
Criminal Law - Sentencing - Parity with co-offender - No matter of principle.

LEGISLATION CITED:
Drug (Misuse and Trafficking) Act 1985 - s 25(2)
Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 - ss 44, 54A

DECISION:
Leave to appeal granted.  Appeal is allowed.  A non-parole period of  four years and three months commencing 21 August 2003 and a balance of term of two years and nine months commencing 21 November 2007 and ending on 20 August 2010 are substituted.  The applicant will be eligible to be considered for parole on 20 November 2007.

JUDGMENT:

IN THE COURT OF
CRIMINAL APPEAL

2005/2289 CCAP

BEAZLEY JA
ADAMS J
HOWIE J

WEDNESDAY 30 AUGUST 2006

Minh TRAN v REGINA

Judgment

  1. BEAZLEY JA:  I agree with the orders proposed by Adams J and otherwise endorse the comments of Howie J.

    Introduction

  2. ADAMS J:  The applicant entered an early plea of guilty to an indictment containing a single count of supplying a commercial quantity of heroin contrary to s 25(2) of the Drug (Misuse and Trafficking) Act 1985.  This involved 834.9 grams of heroin and, accordingly, a maximum penalty of twenty years’ imprisonment with a standard non-parole period of ten years’ imprisonment applied.  The applicant also asked that twenty-four other matters be taken into account on a Form 1.  Two of those matters concern amounts of money ($355,000, $2,007.05 and $2,300) discovered on a search of his flat; the rest of the offences concern the possession of small amounts of different drugs conceded by the prosecution to have been held by the applicant for his own use.  The applicant was sentenced to imprisonment for eight years with a non-parole period of five years.

    Facts 

  3. The facts of the offence were not in dispute.  The following account comes largely from the reasons for sentence of the learned sentencing judge.  Police conducting an investigation by using physical and electronic surveillance intercepted a telephone call between a person known as Lam and the applicant concerning the supply of drugs – in the conversation referred to as ‘tapes’.  In a later conversation the applicant told Lam that something was going to happen on 21 August 2003.  Lo had been instructed by Lam to obtain two “movies” and bring them out – these movies referred to blocks of heroin which were to be supplied to the applicant.  Lo went to the restaurant with Hoang and was instructed by Lam to “order beef noodles and place the video under the noodles”.  Sometime later Lam and another co-offender Fung, travelled to the restaurant where they met Lo and Hoang.  Hoang and Lam…

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Details
AGLC
Tran v The Queen [2006] NSWCCA 266
Case
[2006] NSWCCA 266
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

The appellant, Tran, appealed against his sentence for drug supply offences. The High Court of Australia considered the appeal and the appropriate sentence in line with parity principles. The court was required to determine if the sentencing disparity between Tran and his co-offender, Lo, was justified and if it warranted a modification to the sentence. The court's task was to balance the principle of parity with the individual circumstances of the appellant and the need for an appropriate sentence.

The court acknowledged that an arithmetic comparison of the sentences was not suitable. However, it recognised that the disparity between the sentences could not be entirely disregarded. The court considered the principle from Lowe v The Queen, which requires that sentences for similar offences should not differ significantly. Despite Tran's greater culpability, the court found that the substantial disparity in the sentences imposed on him and Lo was unjustifiable. The marked difference in their sentences for supplying the same quantity of heroin led the court to conclude that Tran had a justifiable sense of grievance.

The court concluded that the disparity in sentences was so significant that it reduced what would otherwise be an appropriate sentence. The original sentence was deemed inappropriate in light of the disparity, and a more lenient sentence would be a reproach to the administration of justice. The court granted the appeal and substituted a new sentence with a non-parole period of four years and three months and a balance of term of two years and nine months. The court also noted that the sentence proposed was at the cusp of the court's discretion to intervene and that it verged on being inadequate despite the discounts for the plea and assistance. The judges Howie, Beazley, and Adams concurred in the decision and the proposed sentence.

Orders

Orders of the court

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Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

It is not sensible to make a merely arithmetical comparison: Lo’s sentence for the common offence cannot simply be regarded as six months long because of the concurrency of this sentence with the sentence that was imposed for the other supply. Nevertheless, this factor cannot be left out of account when dealing with the application of the principle in Lowe v The Queen (1984) 154 CLR 606. Even allowing for the greater objective culpability of the applicant’s offending, there is a very substantial disparity between the sentence he received in respect of the same heroin which his co-offender was also convicted of supplying.Conclusion Considering the matter realistically, the marked difference in the actual and effective sentences imposed on Lo and the applicant for their involvement with supplying the same quantity of heroin is such as to demonstrate that the applicant has a justifiable sense of grievance concerning the sentence which he received. The disparity operates in this case to reduce what, absent this factor, is an appropriate and by no means heavy sentence. The sentence I propose is the minimum that can, in my view, be imposed. A more lenient sentence, let alone a sentence that approached the effective sentence imposed on Lo would be a reproach to the administration of justice. In all the circumstances, I would grant the appeal and quash the applicant’s sentence. It seems to me that, in light of the applicant’s psychological condition, his need for supervision, the public interest in his rehabilitation and the fact that this is his first time of imprisonment, special circumstances warrant departure from the statutory calculus. Accordingly, I would grant leave to appeal, allow the appeal and substitute a non-parole period of four years and three months commencing 21 August 2003 and a balance of term of two years and nine months commencing 21 February 2007 and ending on 20 August 2009. The applicant will be eligible to be considered for parole on 20 November 2007. HOWIE J: I have read in draft the judgment of Adams J. I agree with the order his Honour proposes for the reasons given by him. I would simply add that in my opinion this application is at the very cusp of this Court’s discretion to intervene to alter an otherwise appropriate sentence on the basis of parity and the sentence proposed is verging on the inadequate despite the discounts allowed for the plea and assistance. BEAZLEY JA: I agree with Adams J. ADAMS J: The appellant was sentenced to imprisonment for 8 years with a non-parole period of 5 years to commence on 21 August 2003 taking into account the offences on the Form 1. On appeal this sentence was reduced to 7 years with a non-parole period of 4 years and 3 months. The new non-parole period of 4 years and 3 months commencing on 21 August 2003 and ending on 20 November 2007 was correctly stated in the judgment handed down on 30 August 2006. However, the dates both for the beginning and ending of the balance of term of 2 years and 9 months were wrongly stated.

Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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