the Australian General Assurance Company’s Incorporation Act 1866 No aga (NSW)

An Act to incorporate the Australian General

Assurance Company. [7th April, 1866.]

WH E R E A S and Life Assurance Company " was in t h e year one t h o u s a n d

a J o i n t Stock Company called t h e " Aus t r a l i an E i r e

e igh t h u n d r e d a n d th i r ty-s ix establ ished a t Sydney u n d e r and by

v i r tue of t h e provisions of a cer ta in deed of se t t l ement bea r ing da te

t h e t w e n t i e t h day of M a y one thousand e ight h u n d r e d and th i r ty - s ix by which t h e dura t ion of t h e said Company was l imi ted to t h e per iod of th i r ty -one years from t h e da te thereof and the business of such Company was carried on accordingly u n d e r such n a m e and provisions u n t i l t h e year one t housand e ight h u n d r e d a n d th i r ty -n ine A n d

whereas by a supp lemen ta ry deed of se t t lement bear ing date t h e s ix th

day of M a r c h one t housand e ight h u n d r e d and th i r ty -n ine t h e business of

m a r i n e assurance was added to t h e business which t h e said Company

was b y i ts or iginal const i tu t ion competen t to t r ansac t and t h e n a m e

a n d style of t he said Company was a l tered to t h a t of t h e " Aus t r a l i an

Genera l Assurance C o m p a n y " A n d whereas an A c t was passed in

t h e n i n t h year of t h e re ign of H e r p resen t Majesty in t i tu led " An Act

t h e second day of October one thousand e ight h u n d r e d and sixty-five m a d e and signed in conformity wi th a provision in t h a t behalf con­ ta ined in t he said reci ted supp lementa ry deed of se t t lement t he said or iginal Company was dissolved wi th a reservat ion only of such powers as should be necessary for t h e Directors or other officers thereof to give effect t o t h e a u t h o r i t y there inaf ter conferred a n d otherwise to

" to simplify proceedings at Law or in Equity by or against the

" 'Australian General Assurance Company ' " and for o ther purposes

the re in ment ioned A n d whereas b y another A c t m a d e and passed in

t h e twen t i e th year of t h e re ign of H e r present Majesty in t i tu led "An

Act to incorporate the 'Australian General Assurance Company'"

t h e said Company was incorporated A n d whereas u n d e r t h e las t -

men t ioned n a m e and style a n d u n d e r t h e jo in t effect of t h e provisions

conta ined in t h e said or iginal and supp lementa ry deeds of se t t l ement

a n d u n d e r such of t h e said reci ted Ac t s as for t h e t ime be ing have

been in force a n d operat ion t h e mar ine bus iness of t h e said Company

( thereinaf ter called t h e or iginal Company) has been u n t i l recent ly

t r ansac ted t h e fire and life depa r tmen t s hav ing been some t i m e since

discont inued A n d whereas by a documen t in wr i t i ng bea r ing date

to w ind u p a n d b r ing to a close t he ou t s t and ing concerns of t h e said

or iginal Company A n d whereas a J o i n t Stock Company called by t h e same n a m e as t h e said original Company so dissolved as aforesaid was contemporaneously wi th t he dissolution of t h e said original Company established a t Sydney aforesaid unde r and subject to t he ru les regula t ions a n d provisions conta ined in a cer ta in deed of se t t lement

bear ing date t h e second day of October one thousand e ight h u n d r e d

and sixty-five p u r p o r t i n g to be t he deed of se t t lement thereof A n d

whereas by such las t -ment ioned deed of se t t lement t he several par t ies

the re to (other t h a n t h e nomina l covenantee the re in named) have

respectively a n d m u t u a l l y covenanted and agreed t h a t they whils t

hold ing shares in t h e capital of t he said Company would r emain a n d cont inue un t i l such Company should be dissolved under t he provisions in t h a t behalf the re in contained a J o i n t Stock Company u n d e r t h e n a m e style a n d t i t le of t h e "Aus t r a l i an General Assurance C o m p a n y " for t h e purpose of effecting and ca r ry ing out t h e objects or business t he re in par t icular ized be ing such and the same as are enumera t ed in

section six of th i s Ac t A n d whereas it was by the said las t -ment ioned

deed of se t t l ement agreed t h a t t h e capi ta l of t h e Company the reby formed should consist of s ixty thousand pounds s ter l ing a n d be divided in to and cont r ibuted in twelve thousand shares of t h e a m o u n t of five pounds each and of such fur ther sum or sums as m i g h t thereaf ter be raised by t h e creat ion a l lo tment and sale of new shares as there in provided A n d whereas by the said las t -ment ioned deed of se t t l ement provision has been made for t h e due m a n a g e m e n t of t h e affairs of t h e said Company by cer ta in Directors and officers a l ready appointed a n d by o ther Direc tors and officers to be from t i m e to t i m e elected a n d appoin ted as the i r successors by t he shareholders of t h e said Company A n d whereas t h e whole of t h e shares of t h e said las t -ment ioned Com­ p a n y have been al lot ted or subscr ibed for and t h e deposits paid u p thereon in accordance wi th t h e provisions of t he said las t -ment ioned deed

of se t t lement A n d whereas by t h e said reci ted document in wr i t ing of

t h e second day of October one thousand e ight h u n d r e d a n d sixty-live

i t was amongs t other th ings author ized and directed t h a t t h e good-will

of t h e business of t h e said original Company should be t ransferred and

be long to t h e said Company in tended to be hereby incorporated and t h a t

t h e l iabil i ty on any policy issued by the said original Company should

for t h e considerat ion the re in expressed be t ransferred to a n d adopted

by t h e said Company hereby in tended to be incorporated except ing

cer ta in l iabili t ies t he re in expressly excepted A n d tha t t h e business

premises of t h e said or iginal Company s i tuate in New Pi t t - s t ree t

Sydney w i t h t h e furn i tu re f ixtures a n d fitt ings the re in should be sold and convoyed to or otherwise vested in t h e said Company hereby in tended to be incorpora ted or as they m i g h t direct in considerat ion of t he purchase money the re in expressed and in fact a lready paid and t h a t t h e res idue of t he rea l estate of t he said original Company should

no twi ths t and ing any exis t ing cont rac t for sale affecting t h e same

b u t subject t he re to in t h e events which have happened be for thwith vested in t h e Company hereby in tended to be incorporated for t h e convenience of t ransmiss ion of t h e es ta te a n d in teres t the re in on such las t -ment ioned Company u n d e r t a k i n g to car ry out a n y such exis t ing cont rac t as aforesaid or otherwise to deal the rewi th in accordance wi th t he directions of t he Direc tors of t he said original Company A n d whereas t h e said Company so established by the said last herein- before recited deed of se t t l ement is desirous of being incorpora ted and i t is considered t h a t it will be advantageous no t only to t h e said Company b u t also to the mercant i le shipping and o ther in teres ts of N e w Sou th W a l e s t h a t it should be incorporated accordingly and t h a t

other

other t h e provisions inc identa l t o such incorpora t ion and to t h e disso­ lu t ion of t h e said original Company hereinafter conta ined should he m a d e Be i t therefore enacted by t h e Queen ' s Mos t Exce l len t Majesty

by and w i t h t h e advice a n d consent of t h e Legislat ive Counci l and

Legislat ive Assembly of N e w South W a l e s in Pa r l i amen t assembled

and by t h e au thor i ty of t h e same as follows :—

1. The following words and expressions wherever hereinaf ter appear ing shall have t h e several m e a n i n g s hereby assigned to t h e m

unless t he r e be someth ing in t he subject	or t h e con tex t	r e p u g n a n t	t o
such const ruct ion t h a t is to say—

T h e expression " deed of se t t lement " shall mean a n d include

t h e said reci ted deed of se t t lement of t he second day of October one thousand e ight h u n d r e d and sixty-five a n d any a l tera t ions addi t ions and amendmen t s t h a t m a y from t i m e to t ime be made in or to t he same in pu r suance of

t h e provisions in t h a t behalf there in contained.

The expression " t h e C o m p a n y " shall m e a n t h e Company

cons t i tu ted u n d e r t he provisions of t h e deed of se t t lement

and incorporated by th is Act .

T h e	expression " t h e D i r e c t o r s " shall m e a n t h e Board of Direc tors of t h e Company duly appointed unde r t he pro­
visions of t h e deed of se t t lement .

The word " shareholder " shall m e a n shareholder propr ie tor or

m e m b e r of t h e Company .

2. The said rec i ted Ac t s passed in t h e n i n t h a n d twen t i e th

years of t he re ign of H e r p resen t Majesty shall be and t h e same a re

hereby repealed provided t h a t ne i the r t h e said repeal nor a n y t h i n g

here in conta ined shall i n any m a n n e r prejudice or affect any r i g h t

l iabil i ty or c la im or any cont rac t act deed policy m a t t e r or t h i n g exis t ing incur red entered in to done executed or commenced or agreed so to be before th i s A c t shal l come in to operat ion nor shall such repeal or a n y t h i n g here in conta ined affect t h e val idi ty of any ac t deed or i n s t r u m e n t to be done or executed in t h e course or for t he pur ­ poses of t h e wind ing u p of t he said or iginal Company and all t h e powers h i the r to vested in t h e said or iginal Company or any of i ts officers shal l be and r ema in in force for such b u t for no o ther pu r ­

poses b u t such reservat ion of l iabil i ty shal l i n no way affect t h e

hereinbefore reci ted a r r angemen t s m a d e by t h e Company w i t h t h e said or iginal Company for t h e adopt ion of cer ta in ou t s t and ing r isks or

t h e l iabil i ty of t h e Company for t h e or iginal Company the reunde r .

3 . E v e r y person who has a l ready become or at any t ime here ­

after shall or m a y in t h e m a n n e r provided by and subject to t h e ru les

regula t ions and provisions conta ined in t h e deed of se t t lement become holders of shares of or in the capi tal for t h e t ime-being of t he Company shal l for t h e purposes here in contempla ted b u t subject never theless t o t h e condit ions regula t ions and provisions hereinafter contained be one

body poli t ic a n d corporate in n a m e a n d in deed by t h e n a m e of t h e

" Aus t r a l i an Genera l Assurance C o m p a n y " a n d by t h a t n a m e shal l a n d

m a y sue and implead any person whe the r a m e m b e r of t h e Company or n o t a n d m a y be sued and impleaded by any such person in all Cour t s whatsoever at law or in equi ty a n d m a y prefer lay a n d pro­ secute any ind ic tment informat ion or prosecut ion agains t any person whomsoever whether a shareholder or not for any steal ing embezzle­ m e n t fraud forgery cr ime or offence a n d in all ind ic tments informa­ t ions a n d prosecut ions it shall be lawful to s ta te t h e money and goods effects bills notes securit ies or o ther p roper ty of whatsoever n a t u r e ( the subject of such proceedings) to be t h e money goods effects bil ls notes securit ies or o ther p roper ty of t h e Company and to des ignate

t h e Company by i ts corporate n a m e whenever for t h e purpose of a n y

al legat ion

allegation of an in t en t to defraud or otherwise howsoever such desig­ na t ion shall he necessary a n d t h e Company shall have pe rpe tua l succession w i t h a common seal which m a y be a l tered var ied and changed from t ime to t ime a t t he p leasure of t h e Company.

4. The several laws ru les regula t ions clauses a n d ag reemen t s

conta ined in t h e deed of se t t lement or to be m a d e in pu r suance of t he provisions for t h a t purpose the re in contained are a n d shall be t he by-laws for t he t ime-being of t he Company save a n d except i n so far as any of t h e m are or shall or m a y be a l tered varied or repealed by or are or shall or m a y be inconsis tent wi th or r e p u g n a n t to any of t he provisions of th i s A c t or of any of t h e laws or s ta tu tes in force in t he said Colony subject never theless to be and the same m a y be amended al tered or repealed e i ther wholly or in p a r t in the m a n n e r provided by t h e deed of se t t lement b u t no ru l e or by-law shall on any account or p re tence whatsoever be m a d e by t h e Company ei ther

unde r or by v i r tue of t he deed of se t t lement or of th i s A c t in

opposit ion to t h e genera l scope or t r u e in t en t and m e a n i n g of t he

deed of se t t lement or of th i s Ac t or of any of t h e laws or	s ta tu tes
in force in t he said Colony.

5. The produc t ion of a wr i t t en or p r in t ed copy of t h e deed of

se t t l ement or of any by-laws to be m a d e in pu r suance thereof or in

pur suance of th i s A c t hav ing t h e common seal of t h e Company affixed there to shall be sufficient evidence in every Cour t of civil or

c r imina l jur i sd ic t ion of such deed of se t t l ement or of such by-laws.

6.    I t shall be lawful for t h e Company subject to t h e res t r ic t ions

and provisions here in conta ined to carry on t h e business of effecting assurances agains t t he r isks of loss or damage w h e t h e r a t sea in ha rbour s or navigable waters to ships vessels or o ther craft or goods on board ships vessels or o ther craft or in course of t r ans i t over­ l and or of conveyance in any l igh ter boa t or o ther craft or any dray or o ther vehicle to or from any ship vessel or other craft also to goods by fire or flood in sheds stores or o ther bui ld ings or elsewhere while wai t ing sh ipment or t r an sh ipmen t also aga ins t loss of freight or all or any of such r isks or of any o ther mar i t ime r isks whatsoever a n d general ly to carry on as pr incipal or agen t any business in connect ion wi th mar i t ime assurance allowed by law in a n y p a r t of t h e world

wi th full power i n t h e ma t t e r s aforesaid to en te r in to t rea ty ac t or

u n i t e w i t h ama lgama te w i t h b u y u p or absorb any o ther Assurance Company Office or Body or any other Company or individual for t h e t ime-be ing ca r ry ing on business similar to t h a t for t h e t ime-being	carr ied on or de te rmined to be car r ied on by t h e Company a n d to	carry on and conduc t any other business which m a y be determined
upon in pu r suance of t h e powers for t h a t purpose in t h e deed of
se t t lement contained.

7. The shares in t he capi ta l p roper ty and profits of t h e Com­

pany shall be personal es ta te and t ransmiss ible as such subject to t h e

res t r ic t ions for t h a t purpose contained in t h e	deed	of	se t t l ement	and
shall no t be of the n a t u r e of rea l estate .

8. Subject to t h e res t r ic t ions for th i s purpose in t h e deed of

se t t lement conta ined every shareholder may sell or t ransfer all or any

of his shares in t he capi ta l of t he Company (but n o t a fractional p a r t of a share) a n d every such t ransfer shall be by deed and according to a form to be approved of by t h e Direc tors .

9. U p o n t h e assignee of any insolvent shareholder or t h e t rus tees of any estate assigned for t h e benefit of credi tors elect ing to accept t h e shares of any insolvent shareholder or of any such assigned estate such assignee or t rus tees shall for thwi th nomina te some o ther person or persons to become a propr ie tor or propr ie tors in respect of such shares such nominee or nominees to be subject t o t h e approval

of

of t h e Direc tors b u t in n o case shall such assignee or t rus tees be themselves ent i t led to become shareholders in respect of t h e shares of any insolvent shareholder or of any estate assigned for t h e benefit

of credi tors .

10 . The Company shall no t be bound to not ice or see to t h e execut ion of any t r u s t or equi table in te res t or claim whe the r express

impl ied or cons t ruc t ive to which any share m a y be subject a n d t h e

receipt of t h e pa r ty in whose n a m e any such share shall s tand in t h e

books of t h e Company or if i t s tands in t h e n a m e of more par t ies t h a n one t he receipt of t h e one of t h e par t ies recognizable as a shareholder u n d e r t h e provisions of t h e deed of se t t l ement shall from t i m e to t ime be a sufficient discharge to t h e Company for any dividend or o ther s u m of money payable in respect of such share no twi ths t and ing a n y t r u s t or equi table in te res t or claim to which such share m a y t h e n be subject and whe the r or no t t h e Company have h a d not ice of such t r u s t or equi table in te res t or c la im a n d t h e Company shal l n o t be

b o u n d to see to t h e appl icat ion of t h e money paid u p o n such receipt

a n d every share shall be subject to t he engagemen t s and liabilit ies t o

which unde r t h e provisions of t h e deed of se t t l ement t h e same is r endered liable i rrespective and to t h e exclusion of a n y such t r u s t

equi table in te res t or c la im.

1 1 . I n any act ion or sui t t o be b rough t by t h e Company

agains t any shareholder to recover t h e money due for any call m a d e

b y v i r tue of th i s A c t or of t h e deed of se t t lement i t shall no t	be
necessary to set forth t h e special m a t t e r b u t i t shall be sufficient	for

t he Company to declare t h a t t h e defendant is t he holder of one share

or more in t h e capi tal of t h e Company (s ta t ing t he n u m b e r of shares) a n d is indebted to t h e Company in t h e s u m to which t h e calls in a r rea r shal l a m o u n t in respect of one call or more upon one share or

m o r e (s ta t ing t h e n u m b e r and a m o u n t of each of such calls) whereby

a n act ion h a t h accrued to t h e Company .

12. O n t h e t r ia l or hea r ing of such act ion or sui t i t shall be

sufficient t o prove t h a t t h e defendant a t t h e t ime of m a k i n g such call was a holder of one share or more in t h e capital of t h e Company and t h a t such call was in fact made a n d such not ice thereof given as is provided for t h a t purpose in t h e deed of se t t lement and i t shall no t be necessary to prove t h e appo in tmen t of t h e Direc tors who m a d e such call nor a n y other m a t t e r whatsoever and t h e r e u p o n t h e Company shal l be ent i t led to recover w h a t shall be due upon such call w i th

in te res t thereon .

13 . N o dividend shall i n any case be declared or paid out of

t h e subscribed capi ta l for t h e t ime be ing of t he Company.

14. I t shall be lawful for t h e Company no twi ths t and ing any s t a tu t e or law to t h e con t ra ry to purchase t ake hold and enjoy to t h e m

a n d the i r successors for a n y es ta te t e r m of years or interest any houses offices bui ld ings or l ands necessary or expedient for t h e purpose of m a n a g i n g conduc t ing a n d ca r ry ing on t h e affairs concerns and business

of t h e Company also to t ake and hold t h e lands and he red i t amen t s

vested in t h e m in m a n n e r and for t he purposes hereinaf ter par t icu la r ly ment ioned also to bu i ld sui table offices on l and purchased for t h a t purpose a n d also to t ake a n d to hold u n t i l t h e same can be advan­ tageous ly disposed of for t h e purpose of r e imbursemen t only any lands or p roper ty which m a y be t aken b y t h e Company in satisfaction l iquidat ion or discharge of any debt due to t h e Company or in secur i ty for any debt or l iabi l i ty and t h a t whe the r t h e same shall be subject t o any exis t ing l ien mor tgage or cha rge in favour of t he Company or n o t and to sell enfeoff release convey demise assign exchange or o therwise dispose of all or any such houses offices bu i ld ings lands and p rope r ty

as occasion m a y requi re .

15. I t shall and may he lawful for every person who is or shall he otherwise competen t to g ran t sell al ien release convey assign assure demise a n d dispose of u n t o and to t h e use of t h e Company and the i r successors for t h e purposes aforesaid or any of t h e m a n y such houses offices l ands or p roper ty .

1G. Al l t h e lands securit ies bonds covenants debts moneys choses in act ion a n d th ings a t p resen t vested in t h e Trus tees of t h e Company or any o ther person on behalf of t h e Company shall imme­ diately after t h e pass ing of th i s A c t become vested in t h e Company

for t he same esta te and in teres t and wi th t h e l ike powers and au tho ­

ri t ies as t h e same are now vested in t he said Trus tees or o ther	person
wi thou t any ass ignment or conveyance whatsoever .

17. Al l t h e lands t enemen t s he red i t aments cha t te l s real secu­

rit ies p rope r ty choses in act ion credi ts and effects (other t h a n realized

moneys) a t t h e t i m e of t h e pass ing of th i s Ac t be longing to or vested in t h e said or iginal Company or in any person in t ru s t for such last- men t ioned Company shall immedia te ly after the pass ing of th i s A c t b u t subject to any exis t ing cont rac t or t r u s t affecting t he same and t h e due performance thereof become vested in t h e Company for t h e same estate and in teres t a n d wi th t he l ike powers of su ing for and recover ing t h e same and other powers and author i t ies as t h e same are now vested in t he said Company or in such person as aforesaid in t ru s t for a n d subject to t h e directions of t h e Direc tors of t h e said or iginal Company wi thou t any feoffment release conveyance or assign­ m e n t whatsoever a n d t h e Company m a y sue for a n d recover all such choses in ac t ion a n d credits in i ts own n a m e .

18. I t shal l be lawful for t h e Company to increase i ts capi tal

by t h e issue of new shares in t he mode prescr ibed by and in accordance

wi th t h e provisions of t he deed of se t t lement .

19. N o t h i n g in th is Ac t conta ined shall be cons t rued to pre-

jud ice any call m a d e or any cont rac t en te red in to by or wi th t h e Company or any person on behalf of t he Company before th i s Ac t shall have come in to operat ion b u t t he same call or cont rac t shal l be as val id to all i n t en t s and purposes as if th i s Ac t h a d no t been passed and may be enforced in l ike m a n n e r as if t h e Company h a d been incorporated before such call was m a d e or such cont rac t was entered in to .

20. The produc t ion of t he shareholders ' register book to be kept

in accordance wi th t h e provisions of t h e deed of se t t lement shall be

admi t t ed in all Cour ts of civil and cr iminal jur isdic t ion as prima facie

evidence of t he person named there in as a shareholder being such	shareholder and of t h e n u m b e r of his shares and every shareholder or
o ther person hav ing a j u d g m e n t a t law or a decree in equi ty against
the Company m a y a t all convenient t imes peruse t h e shareholders '
regis ter book grat is and m a y requ i re a copy thereof or of any par t thereof and for every one h u n d r e d words so requ i red to be copied t h e Company m a y demand a sum no t exceeding one shil l ing.

2 1 . I n t h e event of t h e assets of t h e Company be ing insufficient

to mee t i ts engagements each shareholder shall in addi t ion to	the
a m o u n t of h is subscribed shares in t h e capi ta l of t h e Company	be

responsible to t h e ex ten t only of a s u m equa l to t h e a m o u n t of h i s

said shares Provided t h a t such l imi ta t ion of l iabil i ty shal l be clearly

shewn u p o n t h e face of every policy issued by the Company .

22. I n all cases in which by any A c t of P a r l i a m e n t or by any

ru le or order of t h e Supreme Cour t or any other Court now	or
hereafter to be in force in th i s Colony the plaintiff or defendant in any act ion suit or other proceeding or any credi tor of an insolvent es ta te or any person being a pa r ty to or in teres ted in any process or proceeding whatsoever is or shall be author ized empowered or requ i red

to

to m a k e any affidavit or to sign or presen t any pet i t ion or to do any

other ac t i t shall be lawful and competen t for t h e manage r ac t ing

m a n a g e r or o ther officer or agen t of t h e Company (where such Company shall be such plaintiff defendant or creditor or be a pa r ty to or otherwise in te res ted in any process or proceeding whatsoever as aforesaid) for a n d on behalf of t h e Company to m a k e any such affidavit s ign or present any such pe t i t ion or do any such o ther ac t as aforesaid.

23 . The Directors for t h e t ime being shall have t h e cus tody of

t h e common seal of t h e Company and t h e form thereof and al l o ther

ma t t e r s re la t ing t he re to shall from t i m e to t ime be de te rmined by the

Di rec tors in t h e same m a n n e r as is provided by t h e deed of set t le­

m e n t for t h e de te rmina t ion of o ther m a t t e r s by t h e Direc tors and t h e Direc tors present a t a Board of Directors of t he Company shall have power to use such common seal for t h e affairs a n d concerns of t h e Company and to author ize and depute t he m a n a g e r or any one of the i r body to use or affix t h e same (provided t h e affixing of such seal be

evidenced by the s igna ture opposite the re to of a t least two Directors)

a n d unde r such seal to au thor ize and empower any person wi thou t such seal to execute any deeds or policies and do all or any such other m a t t e r s a n d th ings as m a y be required to be executed and done on

behalf of t he Company in conformity wi th t he provisions of t h e deed

of se t t l ement and of th i s A c t b u t i t shall no t be necessary to use t h e

common seal for t h e appo in tmen t of an a t to rney or solicitor for t h e

prosecut ion or defence of any act ion sui t or proceeding for t h e execu­ t ion of any policy of assurance or slip or receipt for t h e same (which la t t e r i n s t r u m e n t s m a y be executed in conformity wi th t h e provisions in t h a t behalf in t h e deed of se t t lement conta ined) or for or in respect of any other of t he ord inary business a n d objects of t h e Company.

24. I n c i t ing th is A c t in o ther Ac t s of Pa r l i amen t and in legal

i n s t rumen t s or otherwise i t shall be sufficient to use t h e expression

" t h e Aus t r a l i an	Genera l	Assurance	Company ' s	Incorpora t ion	A c t
1866 . "