Statement of Principles concerning schistosomiasis No. 255 of 1995 (Cth)

Instrument No.255 of 1995

Statement of Principles

concerning

SCHISTOSOMIASIS

ICD CODE: 120

Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986
subsection 196B(2)

1.         Being of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that schistosomiasis and death from schistosomiasis can be related to operational service rendered by veterans, Peacekeeping service rendered by members of Peacekeeping Forces and hazardous service rendered by members of the Forces, the Repatriation Medical Authority determines, under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act1986 (the Act), that the factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting schistosomiasis or death from schistosomiasis with the circumstances of that service, are:

(a)       being in contact with water in an area described in the Schedule before the clinical onset of schistosomiasis; or

(b)       inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for schistosomiasis.

2.         Subject to clause 3 (below) at least one of the factors set out in paragraphs 1(a) to 1(b) must be related to any service rendered by a person.

3.         The factor set out in paragraph 1(b) applies only where:

(a)       the person’s schistosomiasis was contracted before a period, or part of a period, of service to which the factor is related; and

(b)       the relationship suggested between the schistosomiasis and the particular service of a person is a relationship set out in paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act.

4.         For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:

“an area described in the Schedule” means an area described in the Schedule attached to this instrument, such area being an area in which the Schistosoma blood fluke is known to be distributed;

“ICD code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in the tenth edition of the International Classification of Diseases 9th Revision, effective date of 1 October 1993, copyrighted by the US Commission on Professional and Hospital Activities, and having the Library of Congress number 77-94472;

“schistosomiasis” (otherwise known as bilharziasis) means infection by a parasite of the genus Schistosoma, (trematode flatworms, commonly known as blood flukes) being S. mansoni, S. haematobium, S. japonicum, S. intercalatum, S. mekongi or S. malayensis, attracting ICD code 120.

Schedule

Global Distribution of the Schistosoma Blood Fluke

COUNTRY or AREA	mansoni                 mansoni	haematobium	intercalatum	japonicum	Mekong	malayensis
African Region Algeria   Angola   Benin   Botswana   Burkino Faso   Burundi   Cameroon   Central African Republic   Chad   Congo   Equatorial Guinea   Ethiopia   Gabon   Gambia   Ghana   Guinea-Bissau   Guinea   Ivory Coast   Kenya   Liberia   Madagascar   Malawi   Mali   Mauritania   Mauritius   Mozambique   Namibia   Niger   Nigeria   Rwanda   Sào Tome and Principe   Senegal   Sierra Leone   South Africa   Swaziland   Tanzania   Togo   Uganda   Zaire   Zambia   Zimbabwe	+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +	+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +	+ + + + + + + + + +

^{(continued...)}

COUNTRY or AREA

mansoni                 mansoni

haematobium

intercalatum

japonicum

Mekong

malayensis

Region of the Americas   Antigua   Brazil   Dominican Republic   Guadeloupe   Martinique   Montserrat   Puerto Rico   Saint Lucia

+ + + + + + + +

Surinam   Venezuela

+ +

Eastern Mediterranean Region   Egypt   Iran   Iraq   Jordan   Lebanon   Libya   Morocco   Oman   Saudi Arabia   Somalia   Sudan   Syria   Tunisia   Yemen

+ + + + + + + + + +

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + +

European Region   Turkey   Portugal

+ +

South East Asia Region   Indonesia   Thailand   India

+

+ +

Western Pacific Region   China   Cambodia   Japan   Lao People's Republic   Malaysia   Philippines

+ + +

+ +

+

Note:  +  denotes that a particular species of Schistosoma is distributed in that area.

Dated this       Twenty-first                 day of         June   1995

The Common Seal of the    )

Repatriation Medical Authority                   )

was affixed to this instrument   )

in the presence of:   )

KEN DONALD

CHAIRMAN