Statement of Principles concerning pterygium No. 45 of 2001 (Cth)

Statement of Principles

concerning

PTERYGIUM

Instrument No. 45 of 2001 as amended

made under section 196B(2) of the

Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986

This compilation was prepared on 15 March 2006 taking into account Amendment of Statement of Principles concerning PTERYGIUM (Instrument No. 53 of 2001)

Prepared by the Repatriation Medical Authority Secretariat, Brisbane.

Revocation and Determination

of

Statement of Principles

concerning

PTERYGIUM

ICD-10-AM CODE: H11.0

Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986

1. The Repatriation Medical Authority under subsection 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986 (the Act):

(a)       revokes Instrument No.60 of 1998; and

(b)       determines in its place the following Statement of Principles.

Kind of injury, disease or death

1. (a)        This Statement of Principles is about pterygium and death from pterygium.

(b)       For the purposes of this Statement of Principles, “pterygium” means a wing-like, abnormal triangular fold of membrane, in the interpalpebral fissure, extending from the conjunctiva to the cornea, being immovably united to the cornea at its apex, firmly attached to the sclera throughout its middle portion, and merged with the conjunctiva at its base, attracting ICD-10-AM code H11.0.

Basis for determining the factors

1. The Repatriation Medical Authority is of the view that there is sound medical-scientific evidence that indicates that pterygium and death from pterygium can be related to relevant service rendered by veterans, members of Peacekeeping Forces, or members of the Forces.

Factors that must be related to service

1. Subject to clause 6, at least one of the factors set out in clause 5 must be related to any relevant service rendered by the person.

Factors

1. The factors that must as a minimum exist before it can be said that a reasonable hypothesis has been raised connecting pterygium or death from pterygium with the circumstances of a person’s relevant service are:

(a)       having a solar UV damage factor ratio of at least 1.1 for the face at the time of the clinical onset of pterygium; or

(b)       heavy exposure of the affected eye to dust for an average period of at least 20 hours per week for two years immediately before the clinical onset of pterygium; or

(c)       inability to obtain appropriate clinical management for pterygium.

Factors that apply only to material contribution or aggravation

1. Paragraph 5(c) applies only to material contribution to, or aggravation of, pterygium where the person’s pterygium was suffered or contracted before or during (but not arising out of) the person’s relevant service; paragraph 8(1)(e), 9(1)(e), 70(5)(d) or 70(5A)(d) of the Act refers.

Inclusion of Statements of Principles

1. In this Statement of Principles if a relevant factor applies and that factor includes an injury or disease in respect of which there is a Statement of Principles then the factors in that last mentioned Statement of Principles apply in accordance with the terms of that Statement of Principles.

Other definitions

1. For the purposes of this Statement of Principles:

“death from pterygium” in relation to a person includes death from a terminal event or condition that was contributed to by the person’s pterygium;

“heavy exposure of the affected eye to dust” means exposure of the affected eye to dust in an environment where the person is covered in dust and is without eye protection;

“ICD-10-AM code” means a number assigned to a particular kind of injury or disease in The International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th revision, Australian Modification (ICD-10-AM), Second Edition, effective date of 1 July 2000, copyrighted by the National Centre for Classification in Health, Sydney, NSW, and having ISBN 1 86487 271 3;

“relevant service” means:

(a)       operational service; or

(b)       peacekeeping service; or

(c)       hazardous service;

“solar UV damage factor ratio” means the value obtained by applying the solar UV damage factor ratio formula. This may be calculated by using the computer program, UV Risk Version 3.3 (created by the Australian Radiation Laboratory using Microsoft Visual Basic Programming System for Windows Professional Edition, Version 3.0) to the data concerning the exposure of the person to ultra violet (UV) radiation;

Note:(this note does not form part of the instrument) The computer program UV Risk Version 3.3 can be run on a personal computer with at least 8 megabytes of Random Access Memory, using the Microsoft Windows version 3.1 graphical user interface. Further information may be obtained from the Department of Veterans’ Affairs, PO Box 21, Woden ACT 2606.

“solar UV damage factor ratio formula” means:

^{total lifetime UV damage factor}

^{non-service UV damage factor}

where:

“total lifetime UV damage factor” means the numerical value calculated by the formula:

for the person’s lifetime to the time of the clinical onset of pterygium; and

“non-service UV damage factor” means the numerical value calculated by the formula:

for the person’s lifetime to the time of the clinical onset of pterygium, with the PAE for each month of the person’s period or periods of relevant service being the arithmetic mean of the PAE for each and every month of the person’s life, other than the period or periods of relevant service, where:

“”      has the value of five and is a numerical constant associated with the age dependence of the cumulative incidence;

“”      has the value of two and is a biological amplification factor;

“a”is an anatomical body site;

“M”is a specified month of the year;

“MED” means minimal erythemal dose, where one MED is equal to 200 Joules of radiation per square metre of skin;

“[MED _cum (a,T)]” is the cumulative solar UV dose to the skin for any given anatomical body site for the person’s age at the time of the clinical onset of pterygium;

“n”has the value specified in column 2 of Table 1 opposite the item in column 1 of that Table for each of the specified life activities set out in column 1:

Table 1—specified life activities

column 1	column 2
Service workday (n1)	1
Service weekend (n2)	2
Service recreation period one (n3)	3
Service recreation period two (n4)	4
Civilian workday (n5)	5
Civilian weekend (n6)	6
Civilian recreation period one (n7)	7
Civilian recreation period two (n8)	8

“PAE”means personal ambient exposure in MEDs, calculated for each and every month of a person’s life to the time of the clinical onset of pterygium based on an estimate of a typical month during each of the five year periods between the ages of 0 and 20 years and each of the ten year periods thereafter;

“PAE (n,M,a)”means the number calculated by the formula:

where:

“ABF_a”          is the anatomical body factor, and has the value specified in column 2 of Table 2 opposite the item in column 1 of that Table for each of the various body sites set out in column 1:

Table 2—body sites

column 1	column 2
Face	0.15

“CPF_n”         is the clothing protection factor, and has the value assigned to a particular anatomical site proportionately according to the amount of protection provided by clothing and sun screen, ranging from a value of 1.00 for no protection to a value of 0.05 for full cover with heavy clothing for a given specified life activity in column 1 of Table 1;

“EF_n”             is the exposure factor, and has the value specified in column 2 of Table 3 opposite the item in column 1 of that Table for different exposure situations set out in column 1:

Table 3—exposure situations

column 1	column 2
Indoor	0.10
Mainly indoor	0.20
Indoor and outdoor	0.35
Mainly outdoor	0.50
Outdoor	0.60

“ERFn”is the environment reflectance factor, and has the value specified in column 2 of Table 4 opposite the item in column 1 of that Table for the different environment types set out in column 1:

Table 4—environment types

column 1	column 2
Urban	0.95
Rural	1.00
Maritime	1.00

where:

“Urban”means a location that is either a city or a town;

“Rural”means a location that is bushland, pastoral, or agricultural setting;

“Maritime”means either on the sea, lake, major river, or directly adjacent to such a body of water;

“ESF_n”          is the environment shade factor, and has the value specified in column 2 of Table 5 opposite the item in column 1 of that Table for the different environment shade types set out in column 1:

Table 5—environment shade types

column 1	column 2
Dense shade	0.50
Moderate shade	0.70
Light shade	0.90
No shade	1.00

where:

“Dense shade”        means a location that is predominantly under dense shade, such as jungle or dense forest;

“Moderate shade” means a location that is predominantly under moderate shade, such as open forest or high density housing;

“Light shade”         means a location that is predominantly under light shade, such as lightly timbered country or low density housing;

“No shade” means a location that is predominantly without shade, such as open fields, tundra, beach, or ocean;

“MAE(M,L_n)” is the average daily ambient exposure for month, M, in location, L, assuming a long term average cloud cover, being the value, obtained from the Table set out in Schedule 1, that is contained in the row that corresponds to the particular latitude (rounded to the nearest five degrees) and is contained in the column that corresponds to the month of the year that is the particular month under consideration, for each specified life activity;

“TRF_n”        is the terrain reflectance factor, and has the value specified in column 2 of Table 6 opposite the item in column 1 of that Table for the different terrain types set out in column 1:

Table 6—terrain types

column 1	column 2
Brown	1.02
Black	1.04
Green	1.05
Open water	1.08
Sand	1.16
Snow	1.40

where:

“Black” means a terrain predominantly of black material such as asphalt;

“Brown”means a terrain predominantly of bare soil, clay, or buildings;

“Green”means a terrain predominantly of green vegetation;

“Open Water” means an environment surrounded by water;

“Sand”means a terrain predominantly of light material such as white or yellow sand;

“Snow”means a terrain that is predominantly covered in snow;

“Wn ”is an estimate of the number of days in a month in which a specified life activity in column 1 of Table 1 is performed, and where, for the purposes of this definition, every month is taken to have 30.4375 days;

“t”is the age in months of the person for the particular specified activity;

“T”is the age in months of the person at the time of clinical onset of pterygium;

“terminal event” means the proximate or ultimate cause of death and includes:

(a)       pneumonia;

(b)       respiratory failure;

(c)       cardiac arrest;

(d)       circulatory failure; or

(e)cessation of brain function.

Application

1. This Instrument applies to all matters to which section 120A of the Act applies.

Schedule 1

Average daily MED calculated for the given month and latitude

Data assumes long-term average cloud cover

Latitude	January	February	March	April	May	June	July	August	September	October	November	December
85°N	0.00	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	1.00	1.00	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.00
80°N	0.00	0.10	0.20	1.00	2.00	3.00	3.00	2.00	0.50	0.10	0.10	0.00
75°N	0.00	0.10	0.50	2.00	3.00	5.00	5.00	3.00	1.00	0.20	0.10	0.00
70°N	0.00	0.21	0.90	2.95	5.81	7.83	8.01	5.17	1.97	0.44	0.07	0.00
65°N	0.21	0.62	1.66	4.13	7.06	9.42	9.49	6.72	3.11	1.08	0.35	0.18
60°N	0.41	1.03	2.42	5.30	8.32	11.11	11.05	8.38	4.28	1.72	0.60	0.35
55°N	0.62	1.44	3.18	6.48	9.94	12.71	12.71	10.14	5.76	2.61	0.90	0.53
50°N	0.82	1.85	3.95	7.66	11.66	14.37	14.46	12.01	7.37	3.64	1.22	0.71
45°N	1.97	3.46	5.97	9.67	13.35	16.25	15.98	14.68	9.69	5.62	2.67	1.79
40°N	3.12	5.06	7.99	11.68	15.03	18.24	17.51	17.60	12.15	7.66	4.28	2.87
35°N	4.51	7.00	10.45	14.18	17.56	20.58	19.72	19.54	14.74	9.94	6.00	4.24
30°N	6.03	9.10	13.07	16.81	20.25	23.07	22.03	21.48	17.48	12.35	7.86	5.76
25°N	8.86	12.36	16.41	19.68	22.04	22.89	21.58	21.17	18.59	14.74	10.39	8.38
20°N	11.77	15.73	19.91	22.69	23.88	22.68	21.10	20.72	19.57	17.14	12.91	11.01
15°N	14.02	17.69	20.55	21.94	21.88	19.98	19.14	19.27	18.72	17.51	14.81	13.06
10°N	16.07	19.41	20.93	21.04	19.83	17.38	17.26	17.81	17.65	17.47	16.35	14.87
5°N	17.89	19.98	20.28	19.82	18.20	16.31	16.42	17.37	18.68	18.38	17.09	16.49
Equator	19.58	20.35	19.50	18.60	16.65	15.23	15.58	16.93	19.73	19.28	17.73	18.03
5°S	19.41	20.20	19.64	19.81	17.95	16.49	17.39	19.53	22.03	21.63	20.12	19.16
10°S	19.07	20.03	19.76	20.67	18.58	16.95	18.39	21.54	24.12	24.05	22.67	20.16
15°S	23.08	23.28	22.11	19.86	15.96	14.10	15.46	18.73	22.52	24.21	24.43	23.55
20°S	25.26	24.18	21.92	17.36	12.73	10.81	11.94	15.38	19.95	24.03	26.40	25.74
25°S	25.63	23.95	20.30	14.64	9.97	7.91	8.76	11.77	16.29	20.70	24.36	25.80
30°S	25.96	23.59	18.60	11.97	7.32	5.25	5.85	8.45	12.87	17.56	22.39	25.85
35°S	22.99	20.31	15.45	9.42	5.53	3.99	4.38	6.46	10.23	14.48	19.13	22.54
40°S	20.18	17.23	12.51	7.06	3.90	2.80	3.05	4.66	7.82	11.66	16.13	19.45
45°S	17.42	14.15	9.57	5.00	2.62	1.79	2.00	3.29	5.90	9.57	13.77	16.92
50°S	15.74	12.14	7.43	3.18	1.30	0.75	0.90	1.87	4.15	7.68	12.20	15.53
55°S	14.16	10.46	6.08	2.49	1.00	0.57	0.67	1.46	3.40	6.68	10.87	13.99
60°S	12.57	8.78	4.74	1.80	0.69	0.38	0.45	1.04	2.64	5.68	9.53	12.45
65°S	10.98	7.09	3.39	1.11	0.38	0.19	0.22	0.62	1.89	4.68	8.20	10.92
70°S	9.40	5.41	2.05	0.42	0.08	0.00	0.00	0.21	1.14	3.68	6.86	9.38
75°S	6.00	3.00	1.00	0.20	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.10	1.00	2.50	4.00	5.00
80°S	3.00	1.50	0.50	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.50	1.50	1.50	2.00
85°S	1.00	0.50	0.10	0.10	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.10	1.00	1.00	2.00

Notes to Statement of Principles concerning pterygium (Instrument No. 45 of 2001)

The Statement of Principles concerning pterygium (Instrument No. 45 of 2001) in force under section 196B(2) of the Veterans’ Entitlements Act 1986, as shown in this compilation is amended as indicated in the Tables below.

Table of Instruments

Title	Date of notification in Gazette or FRLI registration	Date of commencement	Application, saving or transitional provisions
Statement of Principles concerning pterygium (Instrument No. 45 of 2001)	6 June 2001 (see Gazette 2001, No. GN22)	6 June 2001
Amendment of Statement of Principles concerning pterygium (Instrument No. 53 of 2001)	25 July 2001 (see Gazette 2001, No. GN29)	25 July 2001

Table of Amendments

ad. = added or inserted      am. = amended      rep. = repealed      rs. = repealed and substituted
Provision affected	How affected
Clause 8 – ‘total lifetime UV damage factor’...........	am. Instrument  No.53 of 2001
Clause 8 – ‘non-service UV damage factor’.................	am. Instrument  No.53 of 2001
Clause 8 – ‘[MED cum (a,T)]’	am. Instrument  No.53 of 2001
Clause 8 – ‘PAE’..................	am. Instrument  No.53 of 2001
Clause 8 – ‘T’.......................	am. Instrument  No.53 of 2001