Shipping Act 1949 (Cth)
SHIPPING.
An Act relating to Shipping.
[Assented to 25th March, 1949.]
WHEREAS the Parliament of the Commonwealth has power to make laws for the peace, order and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to—
(
a ) trade and commerce with other countries and among the States; and(
b )the naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States:
And whereas the power of the Parliament to make laws with respect to trade and commerce extends to navigation and shipping:
And whereas it is desirable in the interests of the naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States to establish the shipping industry and the ship-building industry in the Commonwealth on an adequate scale and to maintain those industries in continuous operation:
Be it therefore enacted by the King’s Most Excellent Majesty, the Senate, and the House of Representatives of the Commonwealth of Australia, as follows:—
Part I.—Preliminary.
Part I.—Preliminary.
Part II.—The Commonwealth Shipping Services.
Division 1.—Establishment and Constitution of the Australian Shipping Board.
Division 2.—Powers, Functions and Duties of the Board.
Division 3.—The Service of the Board.
Division 4.—Finances of the Board.
Division 5.—Reports.
Part III.—Licences.
Part IV.—Miscellaneous.
“merchant ship” means any ship other than a naval ship;
“the Australian Shipping Board” or “the Board” means the Australian Shipping Board constituted under this Act.
(
a )all merchant ships owned by the Commonwealth or by that Board, together with their tackle, apparel, gear, spare gear, furniture, stores and equipment;(
b ) all other property owned by that Board; and(
c ) all property owned by the Commonwealth and used, for the purposes of the ships referred to in paragraph (a ) of this sub-section,
shall, by force of this Act, be transferred to, and vested in, the Australian Shipping Board constituted under this Act, on such terms as are determined by the Minister, with the concurrence of the Treasurer.
(2.) All rights, obligations and liabilities of the Australian Shipping Board established under the National Security (Shipping Co-ordination) Regulations, existing immediately prior to the commencement of this Act, shall, by force of this Act, be vested in or imposed on the Australian Shipping Board constituted under this Act, and, in any contract, agreement or other instrument to which the former Board was a party, any reference to that Board shall be read as a reference to the latter Board.
Part II.—The Commonwealth Shipping Services.
(2.) The Board shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a common seal, and may acquire, hold and dispose of real and personal property and shall be capable of suing and being sued in its corporate name.
(3.) All courts, judges and persons acting judicially shall take judicial notice of the seal of the Board affixed to any document and shall presume that it was duly affixed.
(4.) The exercise of the rights, powers, authorities or functions, or the performance of the duties or obligations, of the Board, shall not be affected by reason only of there being a vacancy in the office of a member of the Board.
(2.) The members of the Board shall be appointed by the Governor-General.
(3.) The Governor-General shall appoint one of the members of the Board to be Chairman, and another member to be Deputy Chairman, of the Board.
(4.) The period for which the members of the Board first appointed under this Act shall hold office shall, subject to this section, be—
(
a ) in the case of the Chairman—five years;(
b ) in the case of the Deputy Chairman—four year;(
c ) in the case of the remaining members—three years, two years and one year, respectively.
(5.) After the appointment of the five members of the Board first appointed under this Act, each further appointment shall, subject to this section, be—
(
a )in the case of the Chairman—for a period of five years; and(
b ) in the case of any other member—three years.
(6.) In the event of a member of the Board ceasing to hold office before the termination of the period of his appointment another member may be appointed in his place for the remainder of that period.
(7.) Notwithstanding the provisions of the last three preceding sub-sections, a member of the Board who is an officer of the Public Service of the Commonwealth shall hold office during the pleasure of the Governor-General.
(8.) A member of the Board who ceases to be a member shall be eligible for re-appointment.
(2.) A person so appointed shall, in the event of the absence from a meeting of the Board of the member of whom he is the deputy, be entitled to attend that meeting and, when so attending, shall be deemed to be a member of the Board.
(3.) Any such appointment of a deputy, and any act done by him as such, shall not, in any proceedings, be questioned on the ground that the occasion for his appointment, or for the exercise of his powers or functions, had not arisen or had ceased.
(
a )if his appointment is terminated by the Governor-General in pursuance of this Act;(
b ) if he becomes bankrupt, applies to take the benefit of any law for the relief of bankrupt or insolvent debtors, compounds with his creditors or makes an assignment of his remuneration for their benefit;(
c ) if he becomes of unsound mind;(
d )if he resigns his office by writing under his hand addressed to the Governor-General and the resignation is accepted by the Governor-General;(
e ) if he is absent, except on leave granted by the Minister, from all meetings of the Board held during three consecutive months; or(
f ) if he, in any way, otherwise than as a member, and in common with the other members, of an incorporated company consisting of not less than twenty-five persons—(i) becomes concerned or interested in any contract or agreement entered into by or on behalf of the Board; or
(ii) participates or claims to participate in the profit of any such contract or agreement or in any benefit or emolument arising from such contract or agreement.
(2.) A member of the Board shall not be deemed—
(
a ) to become concerned or interested in a contract or agreement specified in paragraph (f ) of the last preceding sub-section; or(
b )to participate, or claim to participate, in the profit of, or in a benefit or emolument arising from, such a contract or agreement,
by reason only of his entering into, or obtaining a benefit arising from, a contract or agreement between the Board and himself for the carriage, by the Board, of himself or of any other person or of any goods.
(2.) The Minister may at any time convene a meeting of the Board.
(3.) The Chairman shall, on receipt of a written request signed by not less than two members of the Board, call a meeting of the Board.
(4.) The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the Board at which he is present.
(5.) In the event of the absence of the Chairman of the Board from any meeting of the Board, the Deputy Chairman shall preside at that meeting.
(6.) In the event of the absence of both the Chairman and the Deputy Chairman from any meeting of the Board, the members of the Board present shall appoint one of their number to preside at that meeting.
(7.) At any meeting of the Board, three members of the Board shall constitute a quorum.
(8.) The member of the Board presiding at any meeting of the Board shall have a deliberative vote and, in the event of an equality of votes, shall also have a casting vote.
(2.) Every delegation under this section shall be revocable at will and no delegation shall prevent the exercise of any power by the Board.
(
a ) to establish, maintain and operate, or to provide for the establishment, maintenance and operation of, shipping services for the carriage of passengers, goods and mails—(i) between a place in a State and a place in another State;
(ii) between a place in the Commonwealth and a place in a Territory of the Commonwealth;
(iii) between a place in a Territory of the Commonwealth and a place in the same or another Territory of the Commonwealth;
(iv) between a place in the Commonwealth and a place in another country; and
(v) between a place in a Territory of the Commonwealth and a place in another country;
(
b ) to carry on any shipping service incidental to any shipping service established, maintained or operated by the Board under the last preceding paragraph;(
c ) to carry on the general business of a shipowner in relation to any shipping service established, maintained, operated or carried on by the Board;(
d )subject to the approval of the Minister, to purchase, or to take on lease or charter, ships required for carrying on the business of the Board;(
e ) to lease or charter any ship owned by the Board and to sub-lease or sub-charter any ship on lease or charter to the Board;(
f ) subject to the approval of the Minister, to dispose of any ship owned by the Board;(
g )subject to the approval of the Minister in any case in which the amount involved exceeds Five thousand pounds—(i) to purchase land, buildings or wharves necessary for carrying on the business of the Board; and
(ii) to dispose of land, buildings or wharves acquired by, or vested in, the Board;
(
h ) subject to the approval of the Minister in the case of a lease for a period exceeding five years, to take on lease any land, buildings or wharves necessary for carrying on the business of the Board;(
i ) subject to the approval of the Minister in any case in which the amount involved exceeds Twenty thousand pounds—(i) to purchase, or take on hire, plant, equipment, stocks or other goods necessary for carrying on the business of the Board; and
(ii) to dispose of any plant, equipment, stocks or other goods acquired by, or vested in, the Board;
(
j )to appoint agents for the purpose of the business of the Board;(
k )to act as agent for shipowners;(
l )to train, or arrange for the training of, persons to fit them for employment as officers or seamen in merchant ships;(
m ) to design ships and to advise the Minister as to the design of ships to be built in Australia;(
n ) to advise the Minister as to the action necessary to maintain and develop the shipping industry and the shipbuilding industry in Australia; and(
o )to do anything incidental to any of its powers.
(2.) Where, in the opinion of the Minister, a shipping service is necessary to meet the requirements of a particular area and it is desirable in the public interest that a shipping service should be provided for that area, the Minister may direct the Board to establish, maintain and operate, or to continue to maintain and operate, a shipping service for the purpose of meeting those requirements.
(3.) The Board shall comply with any direction so given and, so long as the direction remains in force, shall continue to maintain and operate a shipping service in accordance with the direction.
(4.) Nothing in either of the last two preceding sub-sections shall authorize the Minister to give a direction for the establishment, maintenance or operation of, or require the Board to establish, maintain or operate, a shipping service which it is not within the power of the Board to establish, maintain or operate under sub-section (1.) of this section.
(5.) Where—
(
a ) the Board establishes, maintains and operates, or continues to maintain and operate, a shipping service in accordance with a direction given under sub-section (2.) of this section;(
b ) the Board satisfies the Minister that that shipping service has, in any financial year, operated at a loss; and(
c ) after provision has been made for reserves, a loss results in that financial year from the whole of the operations of the Board,
the Board shall be entitled to be reimbursed by the Commonwealth to the extent of the first-mentioned loss or to the extent of the second-mentioned loss, whichever is the less.
(2.) The officers of the Board shall constitute the service of the Board.
(3.) Subject to the next succeeding sub-section, a person shall not be admitted to the service of the Board unless—
(
a ) he is a British subject;(
b ) the Board is satisfied as to his health and physical fitness; and(
c ) he makes and subscribes an oath or affirmation of allegiance in accordance with the prescribed form.
(4.) The Board may appoint, to such positions or to positions of such classes as are approved by the Minister, persons who do not comply with all the provisions of the last preceding sub-section.
(5.) Subject to the next succeeding sub-section, the terms and conditions of employment of officers appointed by the Board shall be such as are, subject to the approval of the Public Service Board, determined by the Board.
(6.) The rate of salary payable to an officer shall, if it exceeds the rate of One thousand five hundred pounds per annum, be subject to the approval of the Minister.
(7.) Where an
officer appointed in pursuance of this section was, immediately prior to his
appointment, an officer of the Public Service of the Commonwealth, his service
as an officer of the Board shall, for the purpose of determining his existing
and accruing rights, be taken into account as if it were service in the Public
Service of the Commonwealth and the
(2.) The Treasurer may, out of moneys appropriated by the Parliament for the purposes of this Act, make advances to the Board of such amounts and upon such terms as he thinks fit.
(3.) Except with the consent of the Treasurer, the Board shall not have power to borrow otherwise than in accordance with this section.
(
a )shall be applied by the Board in payment—(i) of the expenses and charges, and in discharge of other obligations, incurred or undertaken by the Board in the exercise of its powers and functions under this Act; and
(ii) of the remuneration and allowances of the members of the Board and of the salaries, wages and allowances of officers and employees of the Board; and
(
b ) may be invested on fixed deposit with the Commonwealth Bank of Australia or in securities of, or guaranteed by, the Government of the Commonwealth.
(2.) The Auditor-General shall report to the Minister the result of each inspection and audit.
(
a ) firstly, in payment of interest charged on moneys advanced to the Board by the Treasurer under this Act;(
b ) secondly, in repayment of advances made by the Treasurer under section nineteen of this Act in accordance with the terms upon which those advances were made;(
c ) thirdly, in payment of such amounts as the Treasurer, after the receipt of a recommendation by the Minister, determines in respect of ships and other property transferred to the Board under section five of this Act; and(
d )fourthly, in such manner as the Treasurer, after the receipt of a recommendation by the Minister, determines.
(2.) Before submitting the financial accounts to the Minister, the Board shall submit them to the Auditor-General for the Commonwealth for report as to their correctness or otherwise.
(3.) The report and financial accounts of the Board, together with the report of the Auditor-General as to those accounts, shall be laid before each House of the Parliament within fifteen sitting days of that House after their receipt by the Minister.
(4.) The Board shall furnish to the Minister such other reports, and such documents and information, relating to the operations of the Board as the Minister requires.
Part III.—Licences.
“ship to which this Part applies” means a merchant ship the gross tonnage of which exceeds two hundred tons;
“to engage in trade” means to carry passengers or cargo and “engaged in trade” has a corresponding meaning.
(2.) A licence under the last preceding sub-section may be granted subject to such conditions relating to the tonnage, design, fittings, gear, and time, place, standards and methods of construction, of the ship as the Minister determines.
(3.) The powers conferred on the Minister by the last two preceding sub-sections are conferred for the purpose of ensuring, in the interests of defence, that the shipbuilding industry is established in the Commonwealth on an adequate scale and is maintained in continuous operation, and, in particular, for the purpose of ensuring—
(
a ) the use of the labour of persons engaged in the building of ships, and of the facilities of shipbuilding yards, to the best advantage;(
b ) the adoption of standard designs of ships and of the fittings and gear of ships;(
c ) the adoption of appropriate standards, and efficient methods, of construction of ships;(
d )the building of ships of the tonnage or design most urgently required, in priority to the building of other ships; and(
e )economy in the cost of construction of ships and of the fittings and gear of ships,
and those powers shall not be exercised otherwise than for achieving one or other of the purposes specified in this sub-section.
(4.) At the request of the licensee, the Minister may revoke a licence under this section or may revoke or vary any condition, or add to the conditions, to which such a licence is subject.
(5.) A person shall not, except under a licence granted by the Minister under this section, and in accordance with any conditions to which the licence is subject, commence or continue the construction of a ship to which this Part applies.
Penalty: One thousand pounds or, if the offence is a continuing offence, One thousand pounds for each day during which the offence continues.
Penalty: One thousand pounds or, if the offence is a continuing offence, One thousand pounds for each day during which the offence continues.
(2.) A licence under this section shall be for such period, not exceeding four years, as, in each case, the Minister determines.
(3.) The Minister shall grant a licence under this section, on application, in respect of a ship to which this Part applies if that ship—
(
a ) is less than twenty-four years old at the date of application; and(
b ) was built in an Australian shipyard or was, at any time prior to the commencement of this Act, engaged in trade exclusively between places in the Commonwealth or in a Territory of the Commonwealth,
but, subject to the next succeeding sub-section, the Minister shall not otherwise grant a licence.
(4.) Where a licence is sought in respect of a ship which does not satisfy the conditions specified in the last preceding sub-section, the Minister may grant a licence in respect of that ship if he is satisfied that it is in the public interest to grant the licence.
(5.) Nothing in this section—
(
a )shall affect the operation of Part VI. of theNavigation Act 1912–1942;(
b ) shall prevent a ship in respect of which a permit is for the time being in force under section two hundred and eighty-six of that Act from carrying passengers or cargo in accordance with the provisions of that permit; or(
c ) shall apply to a ship in respect of which an order under section four hundred and twenty-two a of that Act is for the time being in force dispensing with compliance on the part of that ship with the requirements of Part VI. of that Act.
(6.) For the purposes of this section, the age of a ship shall be reckoned as from the first day of January next following the year shown in the certificate of registry of that ship as the year in which that ship was built.
(
a ) transfer a ship to which this Part applies and which is registered in Australia or is owned, managed or controlled by a person resident in Australia or by a body corporate whose principal place of business is in Australia, or any share in any such ship, to a person not resident in Australia or to a body corporate whose principal place of business is not in Australia;(
b )mortgage any such ship or share, or transfer a mortgage of any such ship or share, to a person not resident in Australia or to a body corporate whose principal place of business is not in Australia; or(
c ) make application for the transfer of the registration of any such ship from a port of registry in Australia to a port of registry outside Australia.
(2.) A transfer or mortgage effected in breach of this section shall be void.
(3.) The consent of the Minister under this section may be given either generally or in relation to a particular case, and may be given subject to such terms and conditions (if any) as the Minister thinks fit.
(4.) Where, in pursuance of this section, the Minister has consented to a transfer, mortgage or other transaction subject to terms and conditions—
(
a ) a person shall comply with such of those terms and conditions as are applicable to him; and(
b ) in the event of any failure to comply with any such term or condition, the transfer, mortgage or other transaction shall be deemed to have been effected without the consent of the Minister and the provisions of this section shall be applicable accordingly.
Penalty: One thousand pounds.
Part IV.—Miscellaneous.
(
a ) shall not be maintainable unless, as soon as practicable after the occurrence of the cause of action, notice of the occurrence of the cause of action has been delivered to the Board or the person, or at the office of the Board or of the person, by or on behalf of the person bringing the action; and(
b ) shall not be brought until the expiration of at least one month after a notice in writing of the intended action has been delivered to the Board or the person, or left at the office of the Board or of the person, by the person intending to commence the action or by his attorney or agent.
(2.) The want
of, or any defect or inaccuracy in, the notice specified in paragraph (
(3.) The notice of the intended action shall clearly and explicitly state the cause of action and the court in which it is intended to be brought, and upon the back of the notice shall be endorsed the name and place of abode of the person so intending to sue, and also the name and place of abode or of business of his attorney or agent, if the notice was served by his attorney or agent.
(
a )in the case of personal injury resulting in death—Two thousand pounds;(
b ) in the case of personal injury resulting in permanent disablement—Two thousand pounds; or(
c ) in the case of personal injury resulting in temporary disablement—One thousand pounds.
(2.) If a person refuses or fails to undergo examination in accordance with the provisions of the last preceding sub-section, damages or compensation shall not be recoverable against the Board in respect of personal injury to that person arising out of the accident unless he satisfies the court in which the action is brought that—
(
a )his refusal or failure to undergo examination was reasonable in the circumstances; or(
b ) the Board is not prejudiced in its defence by the refusal or failure of the person to undergo examination.
(2.) The
Section 32. THE SCHEDULE.
ACTS APPLICABLE TO THE AUSTRALIAN SHIPPING BOARD.
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