Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981 (Qld)

659 (i'uvenslrxxtb ANNO TRICESIMO ELIZABETITAE SECUNDAE REGINAE No. 81 of 1981 An Act to amend the Sewerage and Water Supply Act1949-1978 in certain particulars [ASSENTED TO 9TH NOVEMBER, 1981]

660 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 BE IT ENACTED by the Queen's Most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Legislative Assembly of Queensland in Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:- 1. Short title and citation . (1) This Act may be cited as the Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981. (2) In this Act the Sewerage and Water Supply Act1949-1978 is referred to as the Principal Act. (3) The Principal Act as amended by this Act may be cited as the Sewerage and Water Supply Act1949-1981. 2. Commencement . (1) Section 1 and this section shall commence on the day on which this Act is assented to for and on behalf of Her Majesty. (2) Except as provided by subsection (1), this Act shall commence on a day appointed by Proclamation. 3. Amendment of s. 4 . Section 4 of the Principal Act is amended by- (a) in the definition " Licence " omitting the words " or Drainer's Licence " and substituting the words ", Drainer's Licence or Restricted Water Plumber's Licence "; (b) in the definition " Minister " omitting the words " for Local Government and Electricity or other Minister ". .4. Amendment of s. 5. Section 5 of the Principal Act is amended by omitting subsection (3). 5. Amendment of s. 6 . Section 6 of the Principal Act is amended by- ( a) in the note appearing in and at the beginning of subsection (5), omitting the words "Acts Shortening Acts " and substituting the words "Acts Interpretation Act "; (b) in subsections (2) and (5) omitting the words " " The Acts Shortening Acts " " and substituting the words " the Acts InterpretationAct1954-1977 ". 6. Amendment of s. 7. Section 7 of the Principal Act is amended by- (a) in subsection (2), (i) omitting provision (i) and substituting the following provision:- "(i) A representative of the Queensland Water Resources Commission, nominated in that behalf by the Minister for the time being administering that Commission;"; (ii) in provision (ii), omitting the words " for Education and Cultural Activities " and substituting the words " for the time being administering that Department "; (iii) in provision (iii) omitting the word " Health " where secondly occurring and substituting the words " the time being administering that Department "; (b) in subsection (6), omitting the first paragraph and substituting the following paragraphs:- " The Governor in Council may appoint a Secretary to the Board.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 661 Every such appointment shall be made under and in accordance with the Public Service Act1922-1978 and the appointee shall- (a) hold office under, subject to and in accordance with that Act; (b) be entitled to hold such office in conjunction with any other appointment under that Act.". 7. Saving. The person who, immediately prior to the passing of this Act, holds the office of Secretary to The Plumbers and Drainers Examination and Licensing Board pursuant to section 7 (6) of the Principal Act shall be deemed to have been appointed to that office pursuant to section 7 (6) of the Sewerage and Water Supply Act1949-1981. 8. Amendment of s. 9. Classes of licences . Section 9 of the Principal Act is amended by- (a) omitting the word " and " appearing between subparagraphs (iii) and (iv); (b) in subparagraph (iv) omitting the expression " Licence." and substituting the expression " Licence;"; (c) inserting after subparagraph (iv) the following subparagraph:- " and (v) A Restricted Water Plumber's Licence.". 9. Amendment of s. 11. Licences with examination . Section 11 of the Principal Act is amended by- (a) in subsection (1), (i) in subparagraph (i), omitting the words " a trade " and substituting the words " an apprenticeship trade "; (ii) omitting subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) and the word " or " appearing between those subparagraphs and substituting the following subparagraphs :- " (ii) He has undertaken a course of instruction at a College of Technical and Further Education and has passed the examinations conducted by or on behalf of the Board for the Plumber's Licence in accordance with the curriculum provided in the Third Schedule to this Act; or (iii) He is the holder of a subsisting certificate of competency or licence as a Plumber which is recognised under the Australia- New Zealand Reciprocity Association Agreement current at any material time; or (iv) He is the holder of such other equivalent qualifications as the Governor in Council has approved for the time being by Order in Council made on the recommendation of the Board."; (b) in subsection (2), (i) in subparagraph (i), omitting the words " the third year of a " and substituting the words " an apprenticeship "; (ii) omitting subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) and the word " or " appearing between those subparagraphs and substituting the following subparagraphs:- (ii) He has undertaken a course of instruction at a College of Technical and Further Education and has passed the

662 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 examinations conducted by or on behalf of the Board for the Country Plumber's Licence in accordance with the curriculum provided in the Third Schedule to this Act; or (iii) He is the holder of a subsisting certificate of competency or licence as a Country Plumber which is recognised under the Australia-New Zealand Reciprocity Association Agreement current at any material time; "; (c) in subsection (3), (i) in subparagraph (i), omitting the words " a trade " and substituting the words " an apprenticeship trade "; (ii) omitting subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) and the word " or " appearing between those subparagraphs and substituting the following subparagraphs:- " (ii) He has undertaken a course of instruction at a College of Technical and Further Education and has passed the examinations conducted by or on behalf of the Board for the Water Plumber's Licence in accordance with the curriculum provided in the Third Schedule to this Act; or (iii) He is the holder of a subsisting certificate of competency or licence as a Water Plumber which is recognised under the Australia-New Zealand Reciprocity Association Agreement current at any material time;"; (d) in subsection (4), (i) in subparagraph (i), omitting the words " of a trade course for drainers " and substituting the words " for the third year of an apprenticeship trade course for plumbers "; (ii) omitting subparagraphs (ii) and (iii) and the word " or " appearing between those subparagraphs and substituting the following subparagraphs:- (ii) He has undertaken a course of instruction at a College of Technical and Further Education and has passed the examinations conducted by or on behalf of the Board for the Drainer's Licence in accordance with the curriculum provided in the Third Schedule to this Act; or (iii) He is the holder of a subsisting certificate of competency or licence as Drainer which is recognised under the Australia- New Zealand Reciprocity Association Agreement current at any material time;"; (e) inserting after subsection (4) the following subsection:- (5) Restricted Water Plumber's Licence. Subject to this Act, any person shall be entitled to be granted a Restricted Water Plumber's Licence if he proves to the satisfaction of the Board that he is the holder of a certificate of competency as Electrical Fitter or Mechanic issued by The Electrical Workers and Contractors Board, and that- (i) He has undertaken a course of instruction at a College of Technical and Further Education and has passed the examinations conducted by or on behalf of the Board for the Restricted Water Plumber's Licence in accordance with

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 663 the syllabus for that course approved by Order in Council on the recommendation of the Minister; or (ii) He is the holder of such other equivalent qualifications as the Governor in Council has approved for the time being by Order in Council made on the recommendation of the Board."; (f) in subsection (6), inserting after the words " Water Plumber's Licence," the words " Restricted Water Plumber's Licence "; (g) inserting after subsection (7) the following subsection:- (8) The Secretary to the Board shall, upon application being made to him, advise the person making the application of the certificates of competency or licenses as a Plumber, Country Plumber, Water Plumber or Drainer that are recognized under the Australia-New Zealand Reciprocity Association Agreement current at the date the advice is given.". 10. Amendment of s. 14. Interim Licence. Section 14 of the Principal Act is amended by omitting the word" shall " and substituting the word " may ". 11. Amendment of s. 15. Section 15 of the Principal Act is amended by- (a) in subsection (2), omitting the words "Appendix to the Standard Sewerage By-laws " where twice occurring and substituting the words " Standard Sewerage By-laws in relation to septic tank installations " in each case; (b) inserting after subsection (4) the following subsection:- (5) Restricted Water Plumber ' s Licence . The holder of a Restricted Water Plumber's Licence shall be entitled to disconnect water plumbing pipes or fittings from domestic electric storage hot water systems where necessary in order to carry out repairs, maintenance or alterations to the electricity supply to such systems but shall not be entitled to re-connect such pipes or fittings.". 12. Amendment of s. 16. Offences by persons not holding appropriate licences, etc . Section 16 of the Principal Act is amended by, in subsection (2)- (a) in subparagraph (b), (i) omitting the words " Apprenticeship Act 1964-1972 " and substituting the words " Industry and Commerce TrainingAct 1979-1980 "; (ii) omitting the expression " work." and substituting the expression work;"; (b) inserting after subparagraph (b) the following word and subparagraph:- 44 or (c) a person who performs work on house drainage under the direct supervision of a person holding a Drainer's Licence.". 13. Amendment of s. 18. Offences . Section 18 of the Principal Act is amended by, in subsection (2)- (a) omitting the words " fifty pounds " and substituting the expression " $200 ";

664 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 (b) inserting at the end of the subsection the following paragraph:- No Order in Council or part of an Order in Council that purports to amend a Schedule to this Act shall be held to be invalid by reason only of the fact that it imposes, in respect of a breach of the By-law provided for by the Order in Council or of any other By-law set forth in the Schedule, a penalty that is inconsistent with this subsection.". 14. Omission of words " Technical College ". The Principal Act is amended by omitting the words " Technical College " wherever occurring and substituting in each case the words " College of Technical and Further Education ". 15. Amendment of Second Schedule. Standard Water Supply By-laws. The Second Schedule of the Principal Act is amended by, in By-law 14A, omitting the words " By-law 7A of ". 16. Repeal of and new Third Schedule. Curriculum of Examinations. The Principal Act is amended by repealing the Third Schedule and substituting the following Schedule:- "SCHEDULE III CURRICULUM OF EXAMINATIONS (A) FOR LICENCE AS PLUMBER- [s. 13] (1) Theoretical Examination- 1. General- (a) Safety; (b) Water supply systems and control; (c) Pipe,fitting; (d) Cisterns and flush valves ; (e) Water softeners and filters; (f) Faults and repairs; (g) Testing and permits; (h) Supply to buildings; (i) Storage tanks; (j) Fire services; (k) Pumps; (1) Pipeline design. 2. Hot Water Supply- (a) Systems and principles; (b) Low pressure systems; (c) High pressure systems; (d) Non-pressure systems; (e) Fuels; (f) Installation of systems; (g) Hot water reticulation; (h) Expansion and faults; (i) Design of systems. 3. Steam Fitting- (a) Steam supply; (b) Pipe fitting; (c) Appliances; (d) Fittings and devices; (e) Expansion and insulation.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 665 4. Sanitary Plumbing- (a) Sewerage systems and By-laws; (b) Systems (single and double pipe) and fixtures; (c) Materials; (d) Design requirements; (e) Ventilation; (f) Flushing apparatus; (g) Compartments; (h} Installation of pipework above ground; (i) Systems (fully vented, fully vented modified, single stack and single stack modified); (j) Testing and permits; (k) Design. 5. Arc Welding and Oxy Welding and Cutting- (a) Safety; (b) Arc welding- (i) process and equipment; (ii) procedure; (c) Oxy welding- (i) equipment; (ii) procedure; (d) Oxy cutting- (i) process and equipment; (ii) techniques. 6. Solvent Welding (Cementing) P.V.C. and Polyfusion Welds- (a) Process and equipment; (b) Procedure. 7. Design Drawing- (a) Water supply; (b) Sanitary plumbing. 8. Calculations- (a) Arithmetic; (b) Mensuration; (c) Water supply; (d) Heating; (e) Estimating quantities; (f) Pipe sizing, etc. (sanitary plumbing). (2) Practical Examination- 1. Jointing Processes. 2. Oxy Welding. 3. Oxy Cutting. 4. Arc Welding. 5. Lead Welding. 6. Pipe Jointing- (a) Steel; (b) Copper; (c) Brass;

666 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 (d) P.V.C.; (e) Polyethylene. 7. Pipe Bending. 8. Lead Bossing. (B) FOR LICENCE AS COUNTRY PLUMBER- (1) Theoretical Examination- 1. General- (a) Safety; (b) Water supply systems and control; (c) Pipe fitting; (d) Cisterns and flush valves; (e) Water softeners and filters; (f) Faults and repairs; (g) Testing and permits; (h) Supply to buildings; (i) Storage tanks; (j) Fire services; (k) Pumps; (1) Pipeline design. 2. Hot Water Supply- (a) Systems and principles; (b) Low pressure systems; (c) High pressure systems; (d) Non pressure systems; (e) Fuels; (f) Installation of systems; (g) Hot water reticulation; (h) Expansion and faults; (i) Design of Systems. 3. Sanitary Plumbing (Septic Tanks Only)- (a) Sewerage systems and By-laws relative to septic tanks; (b) Systems (single and double pipe) and fixtures; (c) Materials; (d) Design requirements; (e) Ventilation; (f) Flushing apparatus; (g) Compartments; (h) Installation of pipework above ground; (i) Testing and permits; (j) Design. 4. Arc Welding and Oxy Welding and Cutting- (a) Safety ; (b) Arc Welding- (i) process and equipment; (ii) procedure; (c) Oxy Welding- (i) equipment; (ii) procedure;

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 667 (d) Oxy Cutting- (i) process and equipment; (ii) techniques. 5. Solvent Welding (Cementing) P.V.C. and Polyfusion Welds- (a) Process and equipment; (b) Procedure. 6. Design Drawing- (a) Water Supply; (b) Sanitary Plumbing (septic tanks only). 7. Calculations- (a) Arithmetic; (b) Mensuration; (c) Water supply; (d) Heating; (e) Estimating quantities sanitary plumbing (septic tanks only); (f) Pipe sizing sanitary plumbing (septic tanks only). (2) Practical Examination- 1. Jointing Processes. 2. Oxy Welding. 3. Oxy Cutting. 4. Arc Welding. 5. Lead Welding. 6. Pipe Jointing- (a) Steel; (b) Copper; (c) Brass; (d) P.V.C.; (e) Polyethylene. 7. Pipe Bending. 8. Lead Bossing. (C) FOR LICENCE AS WATER PLUMBER- (1) Theoretical Examination- 1. General- (a) Safety; (b) Water supply systems and control; (c) Pipe fitting; (d) Cisterns and flush valves; (e) Water softeners and filters; (f) Faults and repairs; (g) Testing and permits; (h) Supply to buildings; (i) Storage tanks; (j) Fire services; (k) Pumps; (1) Pipeline design.

668 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 2. Hot Water Supply- (a) Systems and principles; (b) Low pressure systems; (c) High pressure systems; (d) Non-pressure systems; (e) Fuels; (f) Installation of systems; (g) Hot water reticulation; (h) Expansion and faults; (i) Design of systems. 3. Arc Welding and Oxy Welding and Cutting- (a) Safety; (b) Arc Welding- (i) process and equipment; (ii) procedure; (c) Oxy Welding- (i) equipment; (ii) procedure; (d) Oxy Cutting- (i) process and equipment; (ii) techniques. 4. Design Drawing- (a) Water Supply. 5. Calculations- (a) Arithmetic; (b) Mensuration; (c) Water supply; (d) Heating; (e) Estimating quantities; (f) Pipe sizing, etc. (2) Practical Examination- 1. Jointing Processes. 2. Oxy Welding. 3. Oxy Cutting. 4. Arc Welding. 5. Pipe Jointing- (a) Steel; (b) Copper; (c) P.V.C.; (d) Polyethylene. 6. Pipe Bending. (D) FOR LICENCE AS DRAINER- (1) Theoretical Examination- 1. General Principles. 2. Permits and Design. 3. Drainage Plans. 4. Safety.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 669 5. Deep Trenching. 6. House Drainage. 7. Drainage Operations. 8. Trade Waste and Special Interception. 9. Septic Tanks and Filters. 10. Stormwater Drainage. 11. Drainage Calculations. 12. Drainage Flow. 13. Estimating Quantities. 14. Design. (2) Practical Examination- 1. Levelling. 2. Pipe Laying.". 17. Repeal of and new First Schedule. The Principal Act is amended by repealing the First Schedule and substituting the following Schedule:- "SCHEDULE I [s. 5 (1)] STANDARD SEWERAGE BY-LAWS PART I-PRELIMINARY 1. List of Contents . These By-laws are divided into Parts and Divisions , as follows:- PART I-PRELIMINARY: 1. List of Contents; 2. Definitions; PART II-ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS: Division 1-General- 3. Sewer Provided by Council; 4. House Drainage and Plumbing Provided by Council; 5. Owner to Provide House Drainage and Plumbing; 6. Authority to Execute House Drainage and Plumbing; 7. Notification by Council; 8. Joint Committee; Division 2-Consents and Approvals- 9. Application for Approval to Connect to Sewer; 10. Provision of House Drainage and Plumbing by Council; 11. Extra Provision where Council Provides House Drainage and Plumbing; 12. Misrepresentation; 13. Notification of Approval of Application; 14. Alterations to Approved Plan; 15. Power to Revoke;

670 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 Division 3-Penalties- 16. General Penalty; Division 4-Fees- 17. Fees for House Drainage and Plumbing Plans and for Inspections and Testing; Division 5-Notice to Connect- 18. Notice to Connect to Sewer, etc.; Division 6-Plumbers' and Drainers' Licences- 19. Only Licensed Persons to Perform Work; 20. Unlicensed Persons not to be Employed; 21. Responsibility of Licensed Persons; PART III-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS: Division 7-General- 22. Type of House Drainage and Plumbing System Adopted; 23. Interference with Sewerage; 24. Applications; 25. Precautions; 26. Notification of Completion of Work; 27. Observance of By-laws; 28. Delegation by Council; 29. Instructions Contrary to By-laws; 30. Obstruction; 31. Danger of Disease; 32. Provisions Concerning Notices under By-laws; Division 8-Use of Sewers- 33. Compulsory and Permissible Discharges; 34. Prohibited Discharges; Division 9-Trade Wastes- 35. Conditions of Discharge; Division 10-Materials and Workmanship- 36. Standard of Materials; 37. Applications for Authorisation by Joint Committee; 38. Existing House Drainage and Plumbing, Existing Fittings, Fixtures, Pipes and Installations;

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 671 Division 1 1-Inspections-Tests- 39. Only Approved and Stamped Materials to be Used; 40. Inspection and Testing; Division 12-Maintenance and Defective Work- 41. Maintenance by Council; 42. Maintenance by Contractor; 43. Cleaning, Repairs, and Renewals; 44. Defective House Drainage, Plumbing and Structures; 45. Removal of Obstructions; 46. Chokages in Combined House Drains; 47. Responsibility of Owner; 48. Responsibility of Occupier; Division 13-Minimum Requirements- 49. Minimum Number of Fixtures Required for Certain Premises; 50. Water Closet Pans and Baths in Separate Apartments; PART IV-HOUSE DRAINAGE: Division 14-General Provisions- 51. Separate and Combined House Drains; 52. Drain Openings not in Use; 53. Premises Subject to Flooding or Backflow; 54. Polluted Areas; Division 15-Basements and Cellars- 55. Fixtures; 56. Risk of Backflow; 57. Seepage Drains; PART V-WATER CLOSETS AND URINALS: Division 16-Water Closets- 58. Dimensions of Water Closets; 59. Construction of Water Closets; 60. Air Locks to Water Closets; 61. Ventilation and Lighting of Water Closets; 62. Alterations to Existing Water Closets; 63. Water Closets for Institutions and Schools; Division 17-Urinals- 64. Urinal Apartments; 65. Combined Urinal Apartments and Water Closets:

672 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 PART VI-VENTILATION: Division 18--General Provisions- 66. Vents Adjoining High Buildings; 67. Mechanical Ventilation; PART VII-WATER SUPPLY: Division 19-Water Supply for Sewerage Purposes- 68. Supply to Fixtures and Fittings; 69. Maintenance of Water Supply Pipes and Fittings; PART VIII-PLUMBING AND DRAINAGE: Division 20-General- 70. Scope and Application; Division 21-Installation and Connection of Fixtures and Fittings- 71. General; 72. Air Conditioners and Plant Rooms; 73. Autopsy Tables; 74. Bain Maries, Hydrotherms and Water Boilers; 75. Basins; 76. Baths; 77. Bed Pan Washers and Sanitizers; 78. Bidets; 79. Dental Units; 80. Drinking Fountains; 81. Food Waste Disposal Units (Domestic Type); 82. Gully Traps; 83. Interceptors; 84. Refrigerated and Deep Freeze Cabinets or Rooms; 85. Sanitary Napkin Disposal Units; 86. Showers; 87. Sinks; 88. Slop Hoppers; 89. Sterilizers and Autoclaves; 90. Swimming Pools; 91. Troughs; 92. Urinals; 93. Washing Machines; 94. Water Closet Pans;

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 673 Division 22-Water Supply to Sanitary Fixtures- 95. Prevention of Cross Connection; 96. Water Supply to Fixtures; 97. Flushing Systems; 98. Storage Tanks; 99. Water Pipes from Storage Tanks to Flush Valves; 100. Maximum Operating Head to Flush Valves; 101. Water Supply Pipelines; 102. Flushing Apparatus for Sanitary Fixtures; Division 23-Design Requirements- 103. Trapping of Fixtures; 104. Trap Design and Performance; 105. Gully Traps; 106. Pipe Lengths-How Measured; 107. Connection of Branches and Fixture Discharge Pipes near the Base of Discharge Stacks; 108. Sizing of Pipes; 109. Fixture Units; 110. Plumbing Systems; 111. Design of Vents; 112. Trap vents; Division 24-Graded Pipes- 113. Minimum Grades of Discharge and Vent Pipes; 114. Size of Graded Discharge Pipes; 115. Bends in Graded Pipes; 116. Connections to Graded Discharge Pipes; 117. Group vented Branch Pipes; 118. Group vents; 119. Branch vents; Division 25-Fully Vented Systems- 120. Maximum Fixture Unit Loading on Stack; 121. Size of Stacks; 122. Entry of Branches into Stacks; 123. Restrictions on Branch Connections to Discharge Stacks; 124. Venting;

674 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 Division 26 - Single Stack Systems- 125. General Conditions; 126. Connection of Fixtures; 127. Entry of Branches into Stacks; 128. Restrictions on Branch Connections to Stacks; 129. Discharge Stacks Design; 130. Venting; Division 27-Installation of Pipework Above Ground- 131. Fixing of Pipes; 132. Location of Testing and Inspection Openings; 133. Marking of Pipes; 134. Pipes Liable to Damage; 135. Installation of Vents; 136. Pipe work in Structural Concrete; 137. Concealment of Pipes and Fittings; 138. Spacing of Pipes; 139. Installation of Copper and Copper Alloy Pipes; 140. Installation of UPVC Pipes; Division 28-Design and Installation of Sewers and House Drains- 141. Pipes and Fittings; 142. Concrete and Cement Mortar; 143. Location of Sewers and House Drains; 144. Size of Sewers and House Drains; 145. Grades of Sewers and House Drains; 146. Venting of House Drains; 147. Minimum Cover over Pipes; 148. Excavation for House Drains and Sewers; 149. Bedding and Surround of House Drains and Sewers; 150. Laying and Jointing Sewers and House Drains; 151. Backfilling; 152. Inspection Openings; 153. Manholes and Inspection Chambers; 154. Boundary Traps; 155. Reflux Valves; 156. Inspection and Testing of Sewers and House Drains; 157. Vents on Sewers;

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 675 PART IX-JOINTS IN SEWERS, HOUSE DRAINS AND HOUSE PLUMBING: 158. General; 159. Connection of Fixture Outlets; 160. Connection of Vents to Water Closet Pan and Slop Hopper Outlets; 161. Connection of Pipes and Fittings; 162. Types of Joints; PART X-SEPTIC TANK INSTALLATIONS: 163. Authority to Install, Alter or Use a Septic Tank; 164. Permits; 165. Cancellation and Suspension of a Permit; 166. Fees; 167. Breach of Condition of Permit; 168. Installation without Permission; 169. Change in Circumstance; 170. Plumbing and House Drainage; 171. Employment of Licensed Persons; 172. Design and Construction of Septic Tanks; 173. Covered Places; 174. Grease Interceptors; 175. Inspection and Testing; 176. Maintenance by Licensed Persons; 177. Operation and Maintenance of Septic Tank Installations; 178. Septic Tanks in Sewered Area; 179. Intermediate Flush Fixtures for Use with Septic Tanks; 180. Disposal of Contents of Septic Tank; 181. Permissible and Prohibited Discharges; 182. Disposal of Effluent; 183. Absorption Trenches; 184. Transpiration Areas; 185. Effluent Distribution Box; 186. Aerobic Treatment Plant Installations; PART XI-SYMBOLS: 187. Symbols. 2. Definitions . (1) In these By-laws, unless the context otherwise indicates, the following terms shall have the meanings respectively assigned to them, that is to say:- "AS"-Australian Standards Specification;

676 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 "The Act"-In respect of the City of Brisbane the term shall mean The Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Acts, 1909 to 1962, and the City of Brisbane Act1924-1980. and, in respect of Areas constituted under the Local Government Act 1936-1981, that Act; "Actual cost"-The actual expense, whether for wages, materials, fittings, fixtures, apparatus, or otherwise, together with any fees or overhead charges, incurred by the Council in or in' connection with the execution of house drainage and plumbing on any premises or place; "Aerobic treatment plant"-A tank or tanks for the reception and treatment of sewage by aerobic bacterial action. "Aerobic treatment plant installation"-An aerobic treatment plant installed complete with all necessary appurtenances including any water closet, fixture, fitting, soil pipe, vent, house drain. absorption trench, transpiration area and covered place; The term also includes the work of installing, extending, altering, repairing, renewing or in any way interfering with an aerobic treatment plant installation. "Air gap"- (a) In relation to sewerage-the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the outlet of a waste pipe and the overflow level of the receptacle into which the waste pipe is discharging; (b) In relation to water supply-the unobstructed vertical distance through the free atmosphere between the lowest opening from any pipe or fitting supplying water to a tank, fitting, fixture or other device and the spill level of such tank, fitting, fixture or other device as prescribed: "Approved"-Approved by the Council or the engineer or the inspector or a delegate of the Council, either generally or for any particular purpose; "Australian Standards Specification"-A standard rule, code or specification of the Standards Association of Australia. "Authorised"-Authorised by the Act or by these By-laws or by the Joint Committee; "Board"-The Plumbers and Drainers Examination and Licensing Board constituted under the Sewerage and Water Supple Act 1949-1981; "Boarding-house"-Any premises in which a landlord receives boarders for hire or reward; "Boundary trap"-A composite fitting incorporating a drainage trap and used to prevent the passage of sewer gases along the house drain; "Branch pipe"-A common discharge pipe to which two or more fixture traps at any one floor level are connected; "Branch vent"-A graded vent at any one floor level inter- connecting two or more individual trap vents or group vents:

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 677 "British Standards Specification"-A standard rule, code or specification of the British Standards Institution; "Building"-Any fixed structure which is either wholly or in part enclosed by walls and is roofed and includes any part of a building; "Combined house drain"-Any house drain situated within the curtilage of any premises and provided to receive the discharge of soil and waste pipes from such premises and from one or more adjacent premises which are not situated within the same curtilage; "Commercial type"-Other than domestic type; "Council"-In respect of Areas constituted under the Locul Government Act 1936-1981, the Council of such City. Town, or Shire, as the case may be: In respect of the City of Brisbane, Brisbane City Council constituted under the City of Brisbane Act1924-1980; "Cross vent"-A vent interconnecting a stack and its relief vent: "Developed length"-The length along the centre line of pipes and fittings; "Discharge pipe"-Any pipe including the necessary fittings for the conveyance of sewage or trade waste; "Disconnector gully trap"-A composite drainage fitting coFn- prising a drainage trap, riser pipe, inlet fitting and vent aperture with grating, used for isolating one or more waste pipes from a drain and for providing ventilation to such waste pipes; "Domestic sewage"-Faecal matter and urine of human origin and liquid household wastes from water closet pans, sinks, baths, basins and similar fixtures designed for use in private dwellings; "Domestic type"-A fixture or appliance which is designed for use with domestic sewage; "Drainage plan"-A drawing to scale showing the house drainage of premises in plan and indicating also the position of each fixture to be connected to the house drain; "Educt vent"-A vent intended to promote a flow of air or gas from a soil pipe, waste pipe, house drain, sewer, septic tank or filter; Engineer"-The Council's engineer or an engineer engaged or employed by the Council as engineer for sewerage: The term shall include an engineer appointed and authorised by the Council in an acting capacity for the time being as engineer for sewerage; Where the Council does not employ an engineer, then the term shall include such person as the Council, with the consent of the Board, may appoint for the purpose;

678 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 "Expansion joint"-A joint which permits relative axial move- ment of the j ointed parts; "External water closet"-Any water closet which is not an internal water closet; "Fittings"-All components other than fixtures and straight pipes intended for use in or connection to house drains, plumbing. sewers and septic tanks: The term includes bends, cisterns, cocks, domestic water filters, hot water systems, junctions. meters, plugs, siphons, traps, valves and water softeners; "Fixtures"-All receptacles with their necessary appurtenances which are intended to receive any discharge for delivery to any soil pipe, waste pipe, house drain, combined house drain. sewer, or septic tank to which they may be connected: The term includes water closet pans, bidets, baths, sinks, basins, shower recess bases, wash tubs, clothes washing machines. urinals, dish washing machines, slop sinks, garbage grinders, dental cuspidors and drinking fountains; "Fixture discharge pipe"-The discharge pipe connecting a fixture trap to a gully trap, discharge stack or graded pipe; "Fixture unit"-A unit of measure expressing the hydraulic loading imposed by any fixture on the system of pipe work to which it is connected; "Fixture unit rating"-The value, in fixture units, assigned to a fixture from a consideration of the duration of its discharge. the interval between discharges and its mean discharge; "Flash"-To cover the joint between two surfaces with, a strip or sleeve of impervious material; "Floor waste gully trap"-A waste fitting assembly comprising a trap , riser pipe, grate and any required inlet fittings used to drain waste water spillage on floors and to receive the discharges of such waste fixtures as may be prescribed; "Fully vented system"-A system of plumbing with provision for the separate ventilation of every fixture trap connected other than to a floor waste gully and of the trap of every floor waste gully; "Fully vented system-modified"-A system of plumbing differing from a fully vented system in that the traps of any group of two or more fixtures, or floor waste gullies, discharging to the same branch pipe are vented in common by one or more group vents connected to such pipe; "Gate valve"-A valve which affords a straight through flow and in which a sliding gate is moved in its own plane at right angles to the flow; "Grade"-The angle of inclination expressed as the ratio of unit rise to horizontal distance;

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 679 PIPE TI XANGLE OF INCLINATION FIGURE 1 GRADE-GRADE EQUALS 1:X OR 1 IN X "Graded pipe"-A pipe installed on a flatter grade than 1:1; "Ground"-The surface of the earth, soil, or rock which conforms to the established finished level at a location after all excavations have been thoroughly backfilled or otherwise closed and after all surface treatment at said location has been completed; "Hot discharge"-A discharge at a temperature of 50--C or more; "House drain"-Any pipe (including fittings) normally laid under- ground, situated within the curtilage of any premises and provided to convey to a sewer the discharge of soil and waste pipes from such premises: The term includes disconnector gully traps and bends at the foot of stacks at or below ground: In relation to a septic tank installation, the term also includes any pipe (including fittings) not being a waste pipe or soil pipe which is provided to convey sewage to or from- a septic tank whether such pipe is situated within or outside the curtilage of the premises served by such installation; "House drainage"-The work of installing, extending, altering, repairing, renewing or in any way interfering with a house drain: The term, where necessary, includes a house drain; "Impervious floor"-A floor- (a) constructed of; or (b) overlaid or surfaced with, an approved impervious material and graded, coved and flashed in such a manner that water does not pass through such floor or penetrate the junction with the walls of the room or surrounds of fixtures; "Impervious material"-A material through which water does not normally penetrate and which is resistant to the effects of water and sewage under the conditions of the particular installation: The term includes a material authorised by the Joint Committee as being an impervious material and installed as prescribed by the Joint Committee in its authorisation; "Indirectly connected"-Interrupted by a water seal or air gap as applicable to the situation; "Induct vent"-An opening or pipe for the admission of air to a soil pipe, waste pipe, house drain, combined house drain, sewer, septic tank, or filter;

680 Sewerage and WaterSupply Act Amen dment Act 1981, No. 81 "Inspection opening"-An opening in a pipe or fitting sealed with a removable plug or cover, used as access for purposes of inspection, maintenance and testing; "Inspector"-A person appointed by the Council to inspect and approve the installation of any house drainage and plumbing work executed under the Act and these By-laws who shall, unless otherwise approved by the Board, possess a plumber's licence: The term shall include an inspector appointed by the Council in an acting capacity for the time being as an inspector for the purposes of these By-laws; "Interceptor"-Any apparatus used to intercept substances in domestic sewage and trade wastes and prevent their discharge to the sewers other than as prescribed by these By-laws: The term includes- (i) neutralising interceptors for neutralising acidic and alkaline substances; (ii) grease interceptors for collecting and solidifying fat and grease and such like matter; (iii) oil interceptors for collecting all kinds of oil and petroleum products; (iv) silt interceptors for collecting soil, sand, gravel and other settleable solids; `Internal water closet"-Any water closet which is situated inside a building, and which has access thereto from inside such building: The term shall include any water closet situated on any enclosed veranda of any building; "Invert"-The lowest point at any cross-section of the internal surface of a pipe or channel; "Joint Committee"-The Joint Committee appointed pursuant to the provisions of By-law 8 of these By-laws; "Land"-Includes any buildings thereon; "Licensed person"-A person holding a licence granted by the Board as Plumber, Country Plumber, Water Plumber, or Drainer, as the case may be; "Long bend"-A pipe bend greater than 45° having a centre line radius of curvature equal to or greater than 1.5 times its internal diameter; "Occupier"-The person in actual occupation of any land, or if there is no person in actual occupation, the person entitled to the possession thereof; "Offset"-The pipe and fittings used to provide continuity between pipes whose axes are parallel; "Overflow level"-The level at which liquid in a fixture, fitting, storage tank or other device will first start to overflow either through the overflow pipe, if provided, or through some other

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 681 opening which permits overflow or over the top edge if no overflow opening be available; "Overflow relief gully trap"-A composite fitting comprising a drainage trap, vertical riser and vent aperture with grating which permits sewage to overflow externally before it backs up into internal fixtures; "Owner"-The person other than Her Majesty who, for the time being, is entitled to receive the rent of any land, or who, if the same were let to a tenant at a rack rent, would be entitled to receive the rent thereof: The term includes any lessee from the Crown, and any superintendent, overseer, or manager for such lessee; "Parcel of land"-Every part of an area of land which is separately held by any owner, or any part of an area of land which the Council determines shall be treated as a separate parcel of land for the purposes of these By-laws; "Plumbing"-The fixtures, fittings, and piping installed to receive and convey the sewage of a building to the house drain, including the water supply, and ventilation required: The term includes any work of installing, extending, altering, repairing, or in any manner interfering with such fixtures. fittings, and piping; "Plumbing plan"-A drawing to scale showing the plumbing of premises; "Premises"-Includes messuages, buildings, lands, easements. and tenements of any tenure; "Prescribed"-Prescribed by the Local Government Act 1936- 1981, or by "The Metropolitan Water Supply and Sewerage Acts, 1909 to 1962," as the case may be, or by these By-laws; "Pressure reducing valve"-A valve which automatically reduces the pressure to a predetermined value on the downstream side of the valve; "Relief vent"-A vent branching from a stack below the point of connection thereto of the lowest fixture; "Septic tank"-A one storey chamber or tank for the reception and treatment of sewage by anaerobic bacterial action; "Septic tank installation"-A septic tank installed complete with all necessary appurtenances including any water-closet, fixture, fitting, soil pipe, vent, house drain, absorption trench, trans- piration area and covered place: The term also includes the work of installing, extending, altering, repairing, renewing or in any manner interfering with a septic tank installation; "Sewage"-The used water supply of a community: The term includes faecal matter, urine, household slops, and polluted waters;

682 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 "Sewer"-Any conduit for the carrying off of sewage from any premises which is not a house drain, soil or waste pipe; "Sewerage"-Any sewer, house drain, plumbing, manhole, vent, engine, pump, structure, machinery, outfall or other work required for receiving, storing, transportation or treating sewage: The term includes the work of installing, extending, altering, repairing, renewing, or in any way interfering with sewerage; "Sewered area"-The area declared by the Council from time to time, by resolution, as the area within which all premises shall be provided with sewerage; "Single stack system"-A system of plumbing in which the stack and discharge pipes serve also as vent pipes; "Single stack system-modified"-A system of plumbing differing from a single stack system in that a relief vent is provided and is interconnected to the discharge stack at alternate floors, or at every floor by a cross vent; "Size"-The nominal internal diameter of a pipe or fitting or the inlet or outlet of a fixture: Provided that where necessary and in the absence of the Joint Committee making an authorisation pursuant to By-law 36 (2) the term includes the nearest actual diameter of the particular kind of pipe, fitting or fixture which provides the equivalent capacity of the size prescribed in the By-laws; "Slop hopper"-Any fixture other than a water-closet pan, bidet or urinal intended for the receipt of faecal matter or urine; "Soffit"-The highest point of the internal surface of a pipe at any cross-section; "Soil fixture"-A water-closet pan, urinal, slop hopper, autopsy table, bed pan washer, sanitary napkin disposal unit or other fixture intended to receive faecal matter or urine or other objectionable matter; "Soil pipe"-Any pipe including necessary fittings provided to convey the discharge from fixtures intended to receive faecal matter or urine or other objectionable matter; "Soil vent pipe"-A vertical soil pipe extended upwards to serve as a combined drainage vent and soil pipe; "Spill level"-The maximum level to which liquid will rise in a fixture, fitting, storage tank or other device whilst dis- charging- (a) through the overflow pipe (if provided) or some other opening that permits overflow; or

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 683 (b) over the top edge, as the case may be, when the water supply system is dis- charging at the maximum rate for the nominated pressure and all outlets except the overflow are closed; "Stack"-Any vertical discharge pipe or vent extending more than one storey in height: The term includes any junctions and offsets; "Stack vent"-The extension of a discharge stack above the highest connected discharge pipe; "Standard Building By-laws"-The Standard Building By-laws prescribed in the Building Act1975-1981; "Sweep junction"-A junction between two pipes at a greater angle than 45° where the branch is curved at the junction with the main pipe; "Testing opening"-An opening sealed with a removable plug, cap or cover in a pipe or fitting, of sufficient size to permit the installation of a plug for use in the testing of a pipeline; "Trade wastes" -The wastes from any industry, business, trade or manufacturing premises, other than domestic sewage; "Trade waste inspector"-A person appointed by the Council to carry out inspections of premises from which trade wastes are being discharged or proposed to be discharged to its sewerage. The term includes an inspector appointed by the Council in an acting capacity for the time being to carry out such inspections; "Trap"-Any fitting, or part of any fitting, fixture, receptacle or pipe, intended to retain a quantity of water forming a seal to prevent the passage of air or gas. An 'S' trap is a trap in which the inlet and outlet legs are vertical. A 'P' trap is a trap in which the inlet leg is vertical and the outlet leg is horizontal or at a slight gradient below horizontal. The crown of a trap is the top most point of the inside of a trap outlet. The weir of a trap is the lowest point in the invert of the trap outlet to which water can rise before discharging. The dip of a trap is the lowest level at which a water seal is maintained. The. seal of a trap is the vertical distance between the weir and the dip. The trap riser is the vertical extension of the trap inlet; "Trap vent"-A vent pipe venting an individual trap to the open air or to a main or branch vent pipe for the prevention of loss of water seal in the trap;

684 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 "Unvented"-A discharge pipe without a vent at its upstream end; "Urinal"-A fixture for the reception of urine only; "Urinal apartment"-A room or like enclosed space provided with one or more urinals; "Vent"-Any pipe provided for the limitation of pressure fluctu- ation within a sewerage system and for the passage of air and gases. The term includes the following types of vent:- `Branch vent"-A vent at any floor level interconnecting two or more trap vents or group vents; "Cross vent"-A vent interconnecting a stack and its relief vent; "Downstream vent"-A drainage vent located on or adjacent to any boundary trap; "Ground vent"-A drainage vent terminating close to ground level; "Group vent"-A vent used to ventilate the traps of a group of fixtures connected, in common, to a branch discharge pipe; "Header vent"-A graded vent connecting the tops of two or more stack vents or relief vents, to a single terminal vent; "Relief vent"-A vent stack branching from a discharge stack below the point of connection thereto of the lowest fixture; "Stack vent"-The extension of a discharge stack above the highest connected discharge pipe;

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 685 "Trap vent"-A vent connected to a discharge pipe close to, and downstream of, a fixture trap; "Upstream vent"-A drainage vent located at or near the head of a drain; "Vented"-A discharge pipe with a vent connected at its upstream end; "Vertical"-Includes any discharge pipe which is at an angle of 45 ° or more to the horizontal; "Waste fixture"-Any fixture, other than a soil fixture; "Waste pipe"-Any pipe including necessary fittings, provided to convey the discharge from fixtures which are not intended to receive faecal matter or urine or other objectionable matter; "Water closet"-A room or like enclosed space provided with a water closet pan or pans; "Water closet compartment"-A division . of a water closet provided with a water closet pan and flushing apparatus: The term includes "cubicle"; "Water closet pan"-A fixture for the reception of faecal matter and urine, and provided with an effective trap seal: The term does not include a slop hopper or urinal; "Yard gully trap"-A composite drainage fitting comprising a drainage trap, vertical riser, dished top and grating located externally for the disposal of wastes other than soil wastes. (2) For the purposes of these By-laws, buildings and portions of buildings shall be classified as follows:- Class I: a detached single dwelling; Class II: a building containing two or more dwelling units; Class III: residential buildings, being common places of abode for a number of unrelated persons, including- (i) boarding houses, guest houses, hostels, and lodging houses; (ii) the residential portions of hotels and motels; (iii) the residential portions of schools; (iv) the residential portions of institutional buildings accom- modating members of the staff of the institution; and (v) dwelling units not included in class II or IV; Class IV: dwelling units in buildings that also are of Class V, VI, VII, VIII or IX, being in each case the only sole occupancy units in the building;

686 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 Class V: office buildings, being buildings for professional or com- mercial purposes, excluding buildings of Class VI, VII, VIII or IX; Class VI: shops and other buildings for the sale of goods by retail or the supply of services direct to the public, including- (i) eating rooms, tea rooms, coffee rooms, cafes, restaurants, and milk and softdrink bars; (ii) the non-residential portions of hotels and motels; (iii) hairdresser's and barber's shops, public laundries, and undertaker's establishments; and (iv) markets, sale rooms, show rooms, and service stations; Class VII: buildings that are- (i) warehouses, being buildings for the storage of goods only or for the display of goods by sale by wholesale; or (ii) public garages; Class VIII: buildings that are- (i) factories, being buildings in which a handicraft or a process in or incidental to the making, assembling, altering, repair- ing, renovating, preparing, ornamenting, finishing, cleaning, washing, or adapting of goods is carried on for trade, sale, or gain; or (ii) laboratories; Class IX: buildings of a public nature that are- (i) an institutional building designed, constructed or adapted as a clinic, convalescent home, hospital, infirmary, nursing home, sanatorium, asylum, pre-school centre, home or institute for orphans, poor, aged, sick or physically or mentally handicapped persons, or similar institutions; (ii) a school including a university, agricultural college, primary and secondary schools, teachers' training college, school of mines, theological college or similar establish- ment designed, constructed or adapted for primary, secondary or tertiary education; or (iii) an assembly building designed, constructed or adapted for the assembly of persons for- (a) civic, political, educational, transit, religious, social or recreational purposes; or (b) entertainment or amusement, but excluding portions of such buildings that are of Class III or used as laboratories; Class X: outbuildings. (3) The figures (such as figure 1 appearing immediately after the definition "Grade") appearing in these By-laws are illustrative only of the matters prescribed by those By-laws to which they refer.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 687 HEAOER VENT . GROUP VENT STACK VENT RELIEF VENT 1 TERMINAL VENT •4 1 BRANCH GROUP VENT 1 RELIEF VENT TRAP VENT , FIXTURE OISCHARGE PIPE BRANCH FIXTURE PAIR FIXTURE DISCHARGE PIPE BRANCH OR AIN L FIGURE 3 VENTS

688 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 PART II-ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS DIVISION 1-GENERAL 3. Sewer Provided by Council . The Council shall, as part of its sewerage, without charge to the owner, provide a sewer up to the boundary of or within any premises within its sewered area for the purpose of carrying off sewage from such premises- Provided that- (a) Where a combined house drain is required or approved under By-law 51 of these By-laws for the sewerage of two or more premises or a group or block of premises; or (b) Where, in the Area of the City of Brisbane, Brisbane City Council or its delegate permits or orders premises or a group or block of premises under its ordinances, to be drained in combination, the Council shall without charge to any owner, provide a sewer up to the boundary of or within such one of such premises as it may think fit. The position of such sewer at the boundary as aforesaid shall be fixed by the engineer. The provisions of this By-law shall not be construed so as to require the Council in the discharge of its obligations under this By-law to provide additional or altered sewer or sewers up to the boundary of or within any premises, where such additions or alterations have been rendered necessary by the alteration or reconstruction of such premises. 4. House Drainage and Plumbing Provided by Council. The Council may, by resolution, as part of its sewerage, undertake, without charge to the owner of any premises within its sewered area, to provide house drainage or plumbing for the sewerage of such premises in accordance with By-law 10 of these By-laws. 5. Owner to Provide House Drainage and Plumbing . (1) Where the Council provides a sewer in accordance with By-law 3 of these By-laws, but does not undertake to provide house drainage or plumbing in accordance with By-law 4 of these By-laws, the owner of the premises shall, at his expense, provide all the necessary house drainage or plumbing and execute such alterations to such premises as may be required for the sewerage thereof and shall connect the house drainage to the sewer at the position fixed by the engineer. (2) Where the Council provides a sewer in accordance with By-law 3 of these By-laws and undertakes to provide house drainage or plumbing in accordance with By-law 4 of these By-laws, the owner of the premises shall, where the house drainage or plumbing provided by the Council will not complete the sewerage of such premises, provide, at his expense, such additional house drainage or plumbing and execute such alterations to such premises as may be required to complete the sewerage thereof and, where required, shall connect such additional house drainage to the sewer at the position fixed by the engineer.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 689 (3) The Council may, by notice in writing require the owner of any premises, within the time specified in such notice being not less than four weeks, to provide such necessary house drainage and plumbing and altera- tions to premises, including the bringing into conformity with these By-laws of any existing fixtures, fittings and pipes. The owner shall comply with such notice in such specified time failing which he shall be guilty of an offence and in addition the Council may cause any work or thing as specified in such notice to be carried out and recover the cost and expense of so doing from the owner as a debt due to the Council. Such cost and expense shall until paid be and remain a charge on the land and incur interest at the current bank lending rate from the expiration of one calendar month after service upon the owner of a demand for payment of such cost. 6. Authority to Execute House Drainage and Plumbing. No person shall execute any house drainage or plumbing on any premises unless authority therefor has been first obtained in writing from the Council. Where these By-laws require a drainage plan or a plumbing plan for the sewerage of the premises to be submitted to and approved by the Council prior to the execution thereof, no person shall execute any house drainage or plumbing unless and until the requisite plan shall have been submitted to and approved by the Council. 7. Notification by Council. The Council shall, by written notice, notify the owner of any premises that the Council has made provision for the carrying off of sewage from such premises. The Council may by such notice require the owner within the time stated therein to provide such house drainage or plumbing for or alterations to the premises as specified in such notice. 8. Joint Committee . (I) For the purpose of these By-laws, there shall be a Joint Committee. Such Committee shall be appointed by the Minister and shall comprise- (i) Two officers of Brisbane City Council nominated from time to time by that Council; (ii) Two officers of the Queensland Water Resources Commission, nominated from time to time by the Commissioner of Water Resources, one of whom shall be Chairman; (iii) One officer of the Department of Health nominated from time to time by the Director-General of Health and Medical Services. (2) The Minister shall cause notification of such appointment to be published in the Gazette. The powers, functions and duties of the Joint Committee shall be as set out in these By-laws. The Minister may refer to the Committee any other matter related to these By-laws on which he requires advice. (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subclause (1), the members of the Joint Committee holding office immediately prior to the com- mencement of the Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981 shall continue as members of the Joint Committee and those members shall be and be deemed to be the members of the Joint Committee under and within the meaning of subclause (1).

690 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 DIVISION 2-CONSENTS AND APPROVALS 9. Application for Approval to Connect to Sewer . (1) Where the Council does not undertake to provide house drainage or plumbing as part of its sewerage in accordance with By-law 4 of these By-laws, the owner of any premises shall, within one month after receipt of the written notice specified in By-law 7 of these By-laws or within such further time as the Council may either before or after the expiration of such period allow- (a) Make application to the Council in writing for permission to provide all the necessary house drainage or plumbing as may be required for the sewerage of such premises; and (b) Either- (i) Request the Council in writing to prepare a drainage plan and, if required, a plumbing plan for the sewerage of such premises; or (ii) Submit to the Council a drainage plan and, if required, a plumbing plan for the sewerage of such premises. Such nians shall be submitted in triplicate on drawing paper or linen to a scale of not less than 1:500. The Council may retain two copies of such plans. (2) The application shall state:- (a) The precise location of the premises; (b) The name and address of the owner; and (c) The nature of the business conducted on the premises. (3) If the owner of such premises has not made a request to the Council in writing to prepare a drainage plan and, if required, a plumbing plan, for the sewerage of such premises or has failed to submit such plans to the Council within the time specified aforesaid, he shall be deemed to have requested the Council to prepare such plans. The owner of such premises shall pay the fee prescribed for the preparation of such plans. 10. Provision of House Drainage and Plumbing by Council. Where the Council provides house drainage or plumbing as part of its sewerage, the Council shall undertake, without charge to the owner of premises, to make provision for the sewering of premises within its sewered area to the extent set out hereunder:- (a) Class I Buildings- (i) Where the Council provides house drainage only as part of its sewerage for each separate dwelling-house intended for separate accommodation as a single private residence, regardless of how many such separate dwelling-houses there may be erected upon any particular parcel of land, the Council shall provide the necessary house drains as deter- mined by the Council for the sewerage of such premises, but limited to the house drains required to receive the

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 691 discharge from one water closet pan, one bath, one shower, one basin, one kitchen sink, and one set of two wash tubs from each separate dwelling house; (ii) Where the Council provides house drainage and plumbing as part of its sewerage the Council shall, in addition to the requirements set out in subparagraph (i) of paragraph (a) of this By-law provide and install in each separate dwelling-house one water closet pan complete with seat and all necessary plumbing and flushing apparatus, and shall provide and install such waste pipes and fittings as the Council may resolve but not exceeding the necessary waste pipes and fittings required to connect one bath, one shower, one basin, one kitchen sink, and one set of two wash tubs to the house drains. All of the aforesaid pipes, fittings and fixtures shall be of a type to be determined by the Council. Any provision required in excess of the above shall be paid for by the owner; (b) Buildings of all other classes except class X-Each building, subject as hereinafter mentioned, shall have the like provision made by the Council, as in the case of a private dwelling house. Any further water closet or other sewerage provision required by law, or desired by the owner, shall be provided by the owner at his own cost. Where two or more buildings, other than dwelling- houses, are erected on a parcel of land, they are to be regarded for the purposes of this By-law as constituting a single building; (c) Where one or more separate dwelling-houses and one or more other buildings are erected on a parcel of land provision in accordance with paragraph (a) (i) or (ii) hereof, as the case may be, will be made by the Council for the dwelling-house or dwelling houses only. Provision for the other building or buildings must be made by the owner; (d) A building used, as to part thereof, as a dwelling-house, and as to another part or other parts for other purposes, is to be regarded as being within the provisions of paragraph (b) hereof; (e) Where a building is erected on more than one parcel of land, it shall be regarded for the purposes of this By-law as constituting a single building; (f) Where a building comprising two or more dwelling units is erected on one or more parcels of land, it shall be regarded for the purposes of this By-law as constituting a single building; (g) In case of dispute, the Council shall determine what provision will be made by it as part of its sewerage, but in no case shall it exceed the provision set out in this By-law.

692 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 11. Extra Provision Where Council Provides House Drainage and Plumbing. (1) Notwithstanding the determination or adoption by the Council of a type of water closet pan or other apparatus to be provided by it in accordance with By-law 10, the owner of any premises may install or have installed apparatus other than such type, provided that such other apparatus conforms to the requirements of these By-laws. Where an owner of premises installs or causes to be installed apparatus other than the type determined by the Council, he shall bear any increase in the cost of supplying and installing such apparatus over the cost of supplying and installing apparatus of such type. Subject to the provisions of this clause of this By-law, the Council may, if required by the owner, undertake the supplying and installing of apparatus other than the type determined by the Council. (2) Where greater provision of house drainage or plumbing than that which the Council undertakes to provide as part of its sewerage is desired by the owner of any premises, or where the owner is required to provide additional house drainage or plumbing to complete the sewerage of premises pursuant to clause (2) of By-law 5, the cost of such greater provision or such additional house drainage or plumbing, as the case may be, shall be borne by the owner of the premises. The owner shall make application to the Council in writing for approval to connect such greater provision of house drainage or plumbing or such additional house drainage or plumbing to the sewer and the provisions of By-law 9 of these By-laws shall mutatis mutandis, apply and extend to the making of such application. (3) The Council may, if required by the owner, and at the cost of the owner, undertake the providing and installing of such greater provision as aforesaid. 12. Misrepresentation . No person shall make any wilful mis- representation in any application, request, plan, or specification for the house drainage or plumbing of any premises. 13. Notification of Approval of Application . The Council, when requested or where it is deemed to have been requested to prepare a drainage plan or a plumbing plan for the sewerage of any premises pursuant to By-law 9 of these By-laws shall prepare such plan or plans and forward a copy thereof to the owner. When a plan or plans is submitted by the owner pursuant to By-law 9, the Council shall either- (a) Approve the drainage plan or plumbing plan and forward a copy thereof, as approved, to the owner; or (b) Notify the owner in writing that the drainage plan or plumbing plan as submitted is not approved and that an amended drainage plan or plumbing plan in accordance with these By-laws is to be submitted within the time specified in such notification.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 693 If the owner fails to submit such amended drainage plan or plumbing plan for the sewerage of such premises within the time specified, he shall be deemed to have requested the Council to prepare such plan or plans and he shall pay the fee prescribed for the preparation of such plan or such plans. Upon the approval of the amended plan or plans submitted by the owner, the Council shall forward to him a copy thereof, as approved. When any plan or amended plan referred to in this By-law is prepared or approved by the Council, as the case- may be, and a copy thereof forwarded to the owner the Council shall at the same time notify the owner in writing that his application for permission to provide all the necessary house drainage or plumbing as may be required for the sewerage of the premises, submitted pursuant to By-law 9 of these By-laws, is approved. Approval shall not be given for the performance of any house drainage or plumbing work yexcept upon condition that any person engaged or employed as a workman in the actual performance of such work is a licensed person entitled to undertake such work, or is an indentured apprentice within the meaning of the Industry and CommerceTraining Act1979-1980, working actually in company with a licensed person entitled to undertake such work, or is a person who performs work on house drainage under the direct supervision of a licensed drainer. It shall be deemed to be a condition of every approval granted to an owner that, on a notice being served by the Council that the licence of any person employed by him or his agent has been suspended or cancelled, he or his agent, as the case may be, shall forthwith cease to employ such person on any house drainage or plumbing work connected to. or intended to be connected to any sewer of the Council, or to any pipe or work connected to any sewer of the Council, and he or his agent. as the case may be, shall not again employ such person on any such work during the continuance of such suspension or cancellation. Any such owner or his agent who neglects or fails to comply with this condition shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding $20. 14. Alterations to Approved Plan. No person shall make any addition, substraction, alteration, or amendment to or modification of any drainage plan or plumbing plan which has been prepared or approved by the Council except with the approval of the Council on the written application of the owner and upon payment of the prescribed fee. If the owner desires any addition, subtraction, alteration, or amend- ment to or modification of any drainage plan or plumbing plan prepared or approved by the Council, he shall make application for approval thereof to the Council in writing and such application shall be accompanied by the prescribed fee. - Any approval by the Council to any addition, subtraction, alteration, or amendment to or modification of a drainage plan or plumbing plan shall be endorsed in writing on the plan or plans approved or prepared by the Council, as the case may be.

694 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 15. Power to Revoke . Any approval may be revoked at any time if any misrepresentation, addition, subtraction, alteration, amendment, or modification is made in or to any application, request, or plan without the written approval of the engineer. DIVISION 3-PENALTIES 16. General Penalty. A person committing a breach of any of these By-laws to which no specific penalty is attached shall, upon conviction, be liable to a penalty not exceeding $200 and to a daily penalty not exceeding $50 for each day on which such offence is continued after notice by the Council. Without prejudice to and in addition to any other remedy which the Council may have, if any person fails to comply with any direction, order, notice , or requirement made under the authority of any of these By-laws, within the times therein stated, he shall be guilty of a breach of these By-laws. DIVISION 4-FEES 17. Fees for House Drainage and Plumbing Plans and for Inspec- tions and Testing . The Council may, by resolution or, in the case of Brisbane City Council, by or under ordinance fix fees which shall be paid to the Council by the owner of, any premises in respect of the following:- (a) preparation of drainage plan for dwelling-house; (b) preparation of copy of drainage plan for dwelling-house; (c) preparation of drainage plan for premises other than a dwellin- house; (d) preparation of copy of drainage plan for premises other than a dwelling-house; (e) scrutiny of drainage plan for dwelling -house; (f) scrutiny of drainage plan for premises other than a dwelling- house; (g) preparation of plumbing plan for a dwelling-house; (h) preparation of copy of plumbing plan for a dwelling-house; (i) preparation of plumbing plan for premises other than a dwelling-house; (j) preparation of copy of plumbing plan for premises other than a dwelling-house; (k) scrutiny of plumbing plan for a dwelling-house; (1) scrutiny of plumbing plan for premises other than a dwelling- house; (m) amendment of approved plan or amendment of plan prepared by the Council; (n) scrutiny of amendment of approved plan; (o) preparation of tracing of group of premises showing the position of the sewer and the branches to which the house drains of the premises will be connected and the depths of such branches;

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 695 (p) preparation of estimate of cost of executing house drainage or plumbing at dwelling-house; (q) preparation of estimate of cost of executing house drainage or plumbing at premises other than at a dwelling-house; (r) inspection of pipes, fittings or fixtures, existing prior to connection of premises to the sewer; (s) inspection of house drainage or plumbing at a dwelling -house; (t) inspection of house drainage or plumbing at premises other than a dwelling-house; (u) inspection of alterations or additions to house drainage or plumbing at a dwelling-house; (v) inspection of alterations and additions to house drainage or plumbing at premises other than a dwelling-house; (w) testing, stamping or marking of fittings, fixtures, materials and pipes to be used in connection with house drainage, plumbing, septic tanks and sewerage. DIVISION 5-NOTICE TO CONNECT 18. Notice to Connect to Sewer , etc. The owner of any premises shall, upon notice in writing from the Council and within the period specified in such notice, complete the provision of all the necessary house drainage or plumbing and execute such alterations to such premises as may be required and approved for the sewerage thereof. The period aforesaid shall be not less than one month and the Council may extend such period from time to time. The owner may, not later than one month after the receipt of such notice , request the Council, in writing, to provide and execute the work specified therein at his expense to the extent of the actual cost of such work. The Council may comply with such request, but before compliance may stipulate that, as a condition precedent to such compliance, the whole or a portion of the estimated cost of such work be prepaid to the Council, or security be given, or some other agreement be made for the due payment by the owner of the actual cost of the work. If the owner of any premises fails or neglects to comply with the notice aforesaid within the time specified the Council may proceed to provide and execute the work at the expense of the owner. If the Council provides and executes the work on behalf of an owner in default the Council may, without prejudice to. any other right it may possess, add to the actual cost of providing and executing such work any fees or charges that may be payable under these By-laws, in regard thereto and such fees or charges shall be deemed to form part of such expense to be paid by the owner. If the owner of any premises on which the Council has provided and executed or proposes to provide and execute any work as aforesaid, either on request or in default, satisfies the Council that he is or expects to be

696 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 unable otherwise to pay the cost of such work the Council may agree with the owner to accept payment therefor by a deposit of an amount satis- factory to the Council and by instalments on such terms as the Council may approve. Such instalments shall include payment of interest on such portion of the amount payable as shall, from time to time, remain unpaid at the rate fixed by the Council by resolution at the time of agreement accept payment by instalments. Application for approval of payment by . istalments shall be made by the owner not later than one month after otification is received by him from the Council of the cost or the estimated cost of providing and executing such work. The Council may at any time extend the time for such payment on such terms including payment of interest as may be arranged by the Council. Notwithstanding anything contained in this By-law the owner may at any time pay to the Council such portion as then remains unpaid of such cost and on such terms including payment of interest as may be arranged by the Council. In the event of any default by the owner of any premises in carrying out any arrangement for the payment of such cost the whole amount then unpaid under that arrangement shall become due, payable, and recoverable. Such cost recoverable under these By-laws by the Council shall include any compensation other than that for negligence or misfeasance paid by the Council in respect of such work. Any amount payable to the Council in pursuance of this By-law shall, until payment, be and remain a charge in priority to all mortgages, charges, liens, and encumbrances whatsoever, upon the land on which the work aforesaid was provided and executed, and notwithstanding any change that may take place in the ownership thereof. The provisions of this By-law shall apply to the maintenance or cleansing of house drainage and plumbing. DIVISION 6-PLUMBERS' AND DRAINERS' LICENCES 19. Only Licensed Persons to Perform Work. No person shall execute house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installation work of any kind on any premises, other than excavation or backfilling of trenches, or any other work of an unskilled nature unless he is a licensed person entitled to undertake such work or is an indentured apprentice within the meaning of the Industry and Commerce Training Act1979- 1980 working actually in company with a licensed person entitled to undertake such work, or is a person who performs work on house drainage under the direct supervision of a licensed drainer. 20. Unlicensed Persons not to be Employed . No person shall employ or contract with any person to execute house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installation work of any kind on any premises, other than excavation, refilling of trenches, and the preparation of concrete and other structural materials, unless such person is a licensed person.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 697 21. Responsibility of Licensed Persons. Every licensed person shall- (a) execute and complete all house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installations carried out by him in accordance with the provisions of these By-laws and the approved plan; (b) execute and complete such house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installation in a thorough and tradesmanlike manner and as expeditiously as practicable and leave the site clean and undefaced; (c) use only materials as prescribed in these By-laws; (d) obtain written permission where necessary for the execution of such house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installa- tion, on, over, or through any private property, and streets, parks, reserves, or other public places or premises; (e) pay any fee prescribed by the Council for opening any street, road, or thoroughfare, or otherwise in connection with such house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installation; (f) restore to the satisfaction of the engineer or inspector any street, road, thoroughfare, and any other property which has been interfered with in connection with such house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installation; (g) take all proper and necessary precautions that no accident or damage or unnecessary inconvenience may be directly or indirectly occasioned in or by the execution of such house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installation; (h) when so directed by the engineer or inspector, make gocd within 14 days, at his own expense, any defect found within twelve months of the date of the completion of any house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installation due to workmanship or materials which are not in accordance with these By-laws; (i) comply with any instructions given by the engineer or inspector in accordance with these By-laws. PART Ill-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS DIVISION 7-GENERAL 22. Type of House Drainage and Plumbing System Adopted. Unless otherwise approved or directed by the engineer any of the following types of venting systems as specified in these By-laws may be used:- (a) Fully vented system; (b) Fully vented system-modified; (c) Single stack system; (d) Single stack system-modified; (e) Vented and unvented house drains as provided by By-law 146. 23-8098

698 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 The Council may, by notice in writing to the owner of any premises, require the single-stack system or a combination of the fully vented system and the single-stack system to be adopted on any such premises where required by special circumstances. 23. Interference with Sewerage . Subject to any specific provisions of these By-laws, no person shall uncover, expose, or in any way tamper or interfere with or alter any sewerage the property of the Council or any pipe or fitting connected therewith, without first obtaining the written permission of the Council. No person shall wilfully or neglectfully damage any sewerage the property of the Council. No person shall without the permission of the Council build a new building or rebuild any building or make any alterations or additions to any existing building or deposit any materials which shall cover over or interfere with any existing sewerage. Any person wishing to build a new building or rebuild any building or make any alterations or additions to any existing building or deposit any material which will cover over or interfere with any existing sewerage shall make application to the Council for permission to do so. The Council may grant or refuse permission or may grant permission subject to such conditions as it thinks fit. Any person offending against any provision of this By-law shall be liable to the general penalty prescribed in By-law 16 and in addition to pay any expense incurred by the Council in consequence of such offence which expense may be recovered by the Council as a debt due to the Council. Where the offence relates to any premises, the Council may enter on the premises concerned to effect alterations or repairs to the sewerage required as a result of such offence. 24. Applications . Any notice or application required to be given or made to the Council by any person under these By-laws shall be made in or to the effect of the forms prescribed by the Council. 25. Precautions . Any person in charge of any house drainage or plumbing or septic tank installation under construction on any premises shall take all adequate precautions to prevent injury to workmen, pro- perty, and the public. The Council shall not be responsible for any claims for injury or damage caused by neglect to take adequate precautions for any house drainage or plumbing or Septic tank installation work not executed by the Council. 26. Notification of Completion of Work. The licensed person in charge of any plumbing or house drainage or septic tank installation on any premises shall, within seven days after the completion thereof, notify the engineer or inspector of such completion and that final inspection of the work is required. Such inspection shall be made by the inspector as soon as practicable after receipt of the notification. If required by the engineer, the notification shall be a correct statement in or upon the forms provided by the Council for such purpose of all work executed by him.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 699 After final approval by the inspector the Council may and shall if requested issue a certificate that such work has been completed in accordance with these By-laws. 27. Observance of By-laws. Where any of these By-laws does not expressly provide by whom its requirements, whether relating to plans, specifications, materials, workmanship, manner of construction or installation, or any other matter are to be observed, the observance of such requirements shall be the duty of the owner of the premises concerned in any particular case, and of the licensed person concerned in the con- struction of the plumbing or house drainage or septic tank installation on such premises. If the requirements of any of these By-laws are not observed the owner shall be guilty of an offence. The owner shall, upon receiving notice in writing from the Council so to do, alter any structure, house drainage, or plumbing or septic tank installation which is not in conformity with these By-laws so as to bring it into conformity therewith. Failure to comply within the time limited by such notice shall render the owner guilty of a further offence, and the Council may cause any work as specified in such notice to be carried out and recover the cost and expense of so doing from the owner of such premises as a debt due to the Council. The amount of such costs and expenses shall until payment be and remain a charge upon the land on or in connection with which such work was done. 28. Delegation by Council . (1) A Council may by resolution delegate, either generally or otherwise as provided in the resolution, to the engineer or, in the case of Brisbane City Council, to the engineer or to the Council Registration Board, all or any of the functions, authorities, powers, duties and discretions had by the Council for the purposes of these By-laws except where the functions, authorities, powers, duties or discretions are prescribed to be exercised by resolution of the Council. (2) A function, authority, power, duty or discretion so delegated, if exercised or performed by the delegate, shall be exercised or performed in accordance with the resolution. (3) A delegation may be made subject to such conditions or such limitations as to the exercise or performance of any of such limitations as to the exercise or performance of any of the functions, authorities, powers, duties or discretions delegated or as to time, place or circum- stances as may be specified in the resolution. (4) Any act or thing done or suffered to be done by a delegate while acting in the exercise of a delegation under this By-law has the same force and effect as if the act or thing done had been done or suffered to be done by the Council.

700 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 (5) A delegation may be revoked by a Council at any time and does not prevent the exercise of a power, authority or discretion or the performance of a function or duty by the Council. 29. Instructions Contrary to By-laws . No person, firm, or company shall give or issue to any person any instructions or directions contrary to these By-laws. No licensed person shall carry out any instructions or directions from any person, firm, or company which are contrary to these By-laws. 30. Obstruction . No person shall obstruct or hinder any contractor, or a servant of a contractor, or any duly appointed officer of the Council in carrying out the requirements of these By-laws. 31. Danger of Disease . Where on any premises the house drainage, plumbing, or septic tank installation is a nuisance , or injurious, or preju- dicial to health, the Council shall, on a certificate to that effect from its Medical Officer of Health, serve a notice on the owner or occupier requiring the abatement of such nuisance or injury or prejudice to health within a time specified in the notice, and the execution of such works and the doing of such things as are necessary for that purpose, and such owner shall comply with such order within the time specified. 32. Provisions concerning notices under By-laws . (1) Any notice in writing required or permitted by these By-laws to be given by a Local Authority or one of its officers may be given without the seal of the Local Authority and shall be signed by the Chairman or Clerk or other duly appointed officer of the Local Authority. (2) Subject to these By-laws, the provisions of section 52 of the Local Government Act 1936-1981 regarding the giving or serving of notices by a Local Authority under that Act shall apply to the giving or service of notices under these By-laws by a Council. DIVISION 8-USE OF SEWERS 33. Compulsory and, Permissible Discharges . The occupier of any sewered premises shall discharge into the sewers all faecal matters, urine, household slops, liquid wastes from sinks, baths, and all similar fixtures. If upon any premises connected with a Council sewer there is any fixture which is not connected to the house drain of such premises, the engineer by notice in writing may require the owner of such premises to connect such fixture to the house drain, or, if in the engineer's opinion it shall not be so connected, to dismantle and remove such fixture. The occupier of any sewered premises may discharge into the sewers such other polluted waters and such liquid trade wastes as may be approved by the Council, subject in each and every case to such exceptions and conditions as may be imposed or approved.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 825 (b) dismantle and fill in the septic tank and recover from such owner, the amount of any expense incurred by it in so doing. 170. Plumbing and House Drainage . Subject to any specific requirements of this Part- (a) The installation, alteration or repair at any premises of any plumbing or house drainage as or being part of a septic tank installation shall be carried out in the same manner as the installation, alteration or repair of plumbing and house drainage for connection with or connected to a Council sewer; and (b) The requirements prescribed by these By-laws for plumbing and house drainage connected to a Council sewer shall, mutatis mutandis, be the requirements prescribed for plumbing and house drainage as or being part of a septic tank installation pursuant to this Part. 171. Employment of Licensed Persons . The requirements of these By-laws regarding the holding of licences and the employment of and contracting with licensed persons shall apply to this Part. 172. Design and Construction of Septic Tanks. (1) Prefabricated septic tanks shall be designed and constructed as prescribed by the authorised specification and shall be of types authorised by the Joint Committee. They shall be installed in accordance with any special conditions imposed by the Joint Committee in granting authorisation. (2) Design. (a) Septic tanks shall be designed to withstand the worst combination of the following loadings- (i) if subject to heavy vehicular traffic-90 kN over an area of 500 mm x 200 mm; (ii) if not subject to heavy vehicular traffic-a mass of 500 kg over a square of 50 000 sq. mm; (iii) earth pressure outside while empty; (iv) liquid pressure inside while unsupported outside; (v) the mass of the tank. (b) Access and inspection openings shall be provided in the roof.. Access and inspection opening covers shall be readily removed and replaced and shall be sealed with a gasket or other approved means. Concrete septic tanks shall be provided with covers of concrete or cast iron incorporating means of attaching a lifting tool. Concrete covers shall be rebated to fit on a seating cast in the roof-tapered sides shall not be used. Covers shall be capable of withstanding the loadings prescribed in subclauses (a) (i) and (a) (ii) of this By-law. Inspection openings shall be located vertically above the openings in the inlet and outlet legs. (c) Unless otherwise approved, the roof of a septic tank shall be at or above ground level. (d) Light weight tanks shall be provided with approved means of resisting uplift when empty. 27-8098

826 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 (3) Dimensions . (a) The minimum liquid capacity in litres of septic tanks shall be as prescribed hereunder:- (i) tanks receiving or to receive water closet and urinal wastes only- up to 5 persons .. 1 370 over 5 persons .. 1 140 + 45 X number of persons (ii) tanks receiving or to receive all household wastes- up to 5 persons .. 2 280 over 5 persons .. 1 820 + 90 X number of persons (b) The minimum liquid depth at inlet shall be 1 375 mm. (c) The minimum distance from liquid surface to underside of roof shall be 460 mm. (d) The minimum horizontal distance between the centre line of the vertical legs of inlet and outlet shall be 1 150 mm: Provided that, in the case of a septic tank connected to an intermediate flush fixture and receiving urinal and W.C. wastes only, approval may be given to reducing this distance to not less than 915 mm. For rectangular tanks the length shall be 2f times the width. (e) The vertical drop from invert of inlet to liquid surface shall be 50 mm minimum. (f) The vertical legs of inlet and outlet shall terminate at mid depth of the tank. (g} The minimum internal dimension of vertical legs of inlet and outlet shall be the internal diameter of a 100 mm size pipe. Shapes other than circular shall be of authorised designs free from sharp angles and other shapes which may cause blockages. (h) The minimum diameter of a circular access opening shall be 530 mm. Minimum dimensions of a rectangular opening shall be 450 mm by 530 mm. (i) The minimum diameter of inspection openings shall be 100 mm. (j) The minimum thickness of concrete for a tank constructed in situ shall be- (i) roof 75 mm of reinforced concrete; (ii) walls and floors 100 mm if reinforced and 150 mm if unrein- forced: Provided that the minimum thickness shall be increased if required to sustain the design loadings prescribed in clause (2). (4) Location. Septic tanks shall be located clear of any buildings and with such access for desludging as, in the opinion of the engineer, will be adequate.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 827 (5) Construction . (a) Tanks constructed in situ shall, unless otherwise approved, be of concrete. Concrete shall be as prescribed in By-law 142 and have a minimum compressive strength of 20 MPa at 28 days. (b) The inside surfaces of the walls and floors of septic tanks and the exposed surface of the roof shall be finished smooth and true. (c) Internal angles shall be rounded to a minimum radius of 6 mm. (d) The walls and bottom of a septic tank shall be watertight and, unless otherwise approved, shall be monolithic. (e) The roof of a septic tank shall be watertight and, unless other- wise approved, shall be integral with the walls. Where the roof is approved as a separate construction, provision shall be made for a watertight and permanent joint between the roof and walls. A separate concrete roof shall be rebated to prevent sideways movement. permanent jointing ,k-seal w i th mastic containing fungicide \ rebate where separate roof authorised - -0 100 junction 0100 junction approx. mid depth of tank permanent jointing 0 1150 min liquid capacity as prescribed Thickness Y & reinforcement as prescribed R6 FIGURE 49 SEPTIC TANK

828 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 (f) Unless otherwise approved by the engineer, not more than 24 hours shall elapse between successive pours of concrete. The surface of every construction joint shall be scabbled and cleaned and spread with 1:2 cement mortar or neat cement paste before proceeding with the pour. Where required by the Council, dowels or a water stop or other means of ensuring a sound, watertight structure shall be provided at construction joints. (6) Connection to House Drains. Unless the septic tank is fitted with inlet and outlet junction pipes of the dimensions prescribed for connection to the incoming and outgoing house drain, manhole couplings or short pipes of approved design shall be built into the walls in the manner prescribed for manholes in By-law 153. 173. Covered Places. (1) Covered places for temporary storage of septic tank effluent, if prescribed by the Council, shall be of the dimen- sions prescribed in the permit or notice pursuant to this Part. (2) Except where otherwise specifically prescribed or approved by the Council, the requirements for the design and construction of septic tanks prescribed in By-law 172 shall, mutatis mutandis, be the require- ments for the design and construction of covered places. (3) Prefabricated covered places shall be designed and constructed as prescribed by the authorised specification and shall be of types author- ised by the. Joint Committee. They shall be installed in accordance with any special conditions imposed by the Joint Committee in granting authorisation. (4) Covered places shall be designed to prevent flotation when emptied during periods when the ground water is close to the surface. All light weight plastic tanks shall be provided with approved means of resisting uplift. 174. Grease Interceptors . (1) Whenever required by the conditions of a permit or by the Council subsequently to the issue of a permit, the owner of a septic tank shall make provision for the interception and retention of grease before the admission of the sewage to the septic tank and the removal as frequently as may be necessary of the grease so inter- cepted and the proper disposal thereof. (2) Grease interceptors` shall be as prescribed in By-law 83. 175. Inspection and Testing . (1) House drainage and plumbing shall be subject to inspection and testing as prescribed in these By-laws. (2) Septic tanks and covered places shall be subject to inspection and, if required by the engineer, shall be subjected to the test for watertightness prescribed in By-law 156 for manholes. (3) Absorption trenches, transpiration areas and other provisions for disposal of effluent shall be subject to inspection during and after con- struction as directed by the engineer.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 829 176. Maintenance by Licensed Persons. Every licensed person who shall execute any plumbing or house drainage work or septic tank, covered place, grease trap, absorption trench, transpiration area or other work, as the case may be, at any premises in connection with a septic tank installation thereon shall within 14 days after receiving notifica- tion from the council of any defect found in such septic tank installation within 12 months of the date of completion of such work and due, in the opinion of the Council, to workmanship or materials not in accordance with these By-laws, make good such defect at his own expense. 177. Operation and Maintenance of Septic Tank Installations. (1) The owner of a septic tank installation shall maintain it in proper order and condition and adopt and cause to be adopted proper methods of operation and of treatment and disposal of the effluent in accordance with the conditions prescribed in the permit or a notice served on him by the Council. (2) A person shall not use a septic tank installation that is damaged or defective. (3) The owner of any premises shall not permit or suffer any person to use any septic tank installation on such premises which is damaged or defective. (4) No person shall without first obtaining permission in writing from the engineer dismantle or remove wholly or in part any works or equipment of any septic tank installation or alter or change the approved mode of operating such installation. (5) The owner or occupier of any premises on which there is a septic tank installation shall permit the engineer or inspector to enter upon such premises and inspect the said installation and to remove samples of the sewage, sludge, scum or effluent from such installation. (6) An occupier of premises upon which there is a septic tank shall immediately notify the engineer in writing in the event of the escape of offensive vapours or gases or liquid or other matter from such tank. 178. Septic Tanks in Sewered Area. Where, pursuant to By-law 7 of these By-laws, the Council has, by written notice, notified the owner of any premises within its sewered area that the Council has made provision for the carrying off of sewage from such premises and such premises were at the date of such notice served by a septic tank or septic tanks, the owner thereof shall, in addition to complying with the requirements of the aforesaid notice, empty and seal or dismantle or fill in or cause to be emptied and sealed or dismantled or filled in the septic tank or septic tanks as required by the Council and within the time specified by the Council. Should the owner fail so to do within the time specified the Council may do the work and the expense of so doing shall until paid be and remain a charge on the land:

830 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 Provided that, where the Council undertakes to provide house drainage or plumbing as part of its sewerage in accordance with By-law 4 of these By-laws, it may, as part of such sewerage also undertake without charge to the owner of premises as aforesaid to empty and seal or dismantle or fill in the septic tank or septic tanks on such premises. 179. Intermediate Flush Fixtures for Use with Septic Tanks. (1) Notwithstanding the requirements hereinbefore prescribed in these By-laws, where the area of land available will not permit the construction of the length of absorption trench required for an 11-litre flush as prescribed in By-law 183 or where in the opinion of the engineer there is not sufficient water available to operate an 11-litre flush at all times, the engineer may approve the use of alternative fixtures comprising a cistern, flush pipe and water closet pan (herein referred to as "intermediate flush fixtures") of types authorised by the Joint Committee, in which event the following variations may be permitted:- (a) the depth of trap seal required by By-law 104 of these By-laws may be reduced to not less than 25 mm. The manufacturer of such pan shall brand the pan in a manner which indicates the required flushing quantity; (b) the water closet pan vent horn may be deleted except where required for anti-syphonage venting; and (c) the effective flush of the cistern required by these By-laws may be reduced to not less than 3.4 litres. The manufacturer of such cistern shall brand on the cistern in an approved manner, the flushing capacity thereof and for testing purposes the fixtures shall flush with the quantity of water so indicated as the flushing capacity. (2) Unless otherwise approved, the horizontal flow distance measured along the pipes between the centre line of the inlet pipe to the septic tank and the centre line of the outlet of the pedestal pan of fixtures approved under this By-law shall not exceed 3 m. (3) Where fixtures approved under this By-law are connected to a septic tank to receive water closet and urinal wastes only, approval may be given for the reduction of the horizontal distance between the centre lines of the inlet and outlet pipes to not less than 915 mm, measured in a straight line. (4) The variations detailed in this By-law shall be the only variations permissible in respect of installations of intermediate flush fixtures for use with septic tanks and the installations shall in all other respects be carried out in complete accordance with the requirements of these By-laws. 180. Disposal of Contents of Septic Tank. (1) In any part of the Council's Area in which the Council has undertaken or contracted for the removal and disposal of nightsoil, no person other than an employee or contractor of the Council or an employee of such contractor shall remove from any septic tank any of the contents thereof. Every such employee

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 831 or contractor as aforesaid effecting such removal shall convey such contents to a disposal ground or depot approved in accordance with The Sanitary Conveniences and Nightsoil Disposal Regulations 1976 or other regulations or provisions in that behalf or amending such regulations or in substitution therefor, and there dispose of them in the manner provided for the disposal of nightsoil by such regulations or other provisions as aforesaid: Provided that, if the Council approves of the disposal of the contents of a septic tank into its sewerage, such disposal shall be in accordance with the conditions imposed by the Council. (2) Any person who deposits or disposes of any of the contents of a septic tank at any place other than an approved disposal ground or depot or to sewerage as aforesaid shall be guilty of an offence. (3) The foregoing provisions shall not apply to such portions of the contents of a septic tank as are removed therefrom for the purpose only of test or analysis. (4) In any part of the Council's Area in which the Council has not undertaken or contracted for the removal and disposal of nightsoil a person shall not deposit or dispose of any of the contents of a septic tank in, on or under any place situated within 30 m of any building where persons reside or work. A person shall not deposit or dispose of any of such contents except at a site and under conditions approved by the engineer. (5) Whenever the Council by its employees or contractors removes any of the contents from a septic tank on any premises, the expense of such removal shall be a debt due to the Council by the owner of such premises and shall also until paid be and remain a charge on the land. (6) A light weight plastic septic tank shall be refilled with water as soon as the scum and sludge have been removed and shall not be emptied when the ground water is close to the ground surface. Care shall be taken with other tanks to prevent floatation when the ground water is at a high level. 181. Permissible and Prohibited Discharges . (1) The occupier of the premises at which a septic tank is installed pursuant to these By-laws may discharge into such septic tank such domestic sewage as is prescribed in the conditions attached to the permit. (2) Trade wastes shall not be discharged to a septic tank. (3) A person shall not discharge or cause to be discharged into a septic tank any substance or waters prescribed in subclauses (a) to (f) (both inclusive) of By-law 34. 182. Disposal of Effluent . (1) A permit for a septic tank shall prescribe the method to be adopted for the disposal of effluent. (2) The contents of the covered place shall be disposed of to a disposal ground or depot or into the Council's sewerage in the same manner as prescribed for the contents of a tank in By-law 180.

832 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 (3) Subject to any restrictions applicable to its Area under the CleanWaters Act1971-1981, the Council may prescribe in lieu of a covered place the disposal of the effluent into an absorption trench as prescribed in By-law 183 or a transpiration area as prescribed in By-law 184 or such other means of disposal on, into or under land as it considers to be equally satisfactory. (4) The Council shall not issue a permit for a septic tank with disposal of the effluent to any waters. (5) The Council may require such further treatment of the effluent as it deems necessary prior to disposal as prescribed in this By-law. (6) If, in any case, the Council is of the opinion that the area in use for the absorption or other means of disposal of the effluent in respect of any septic tank installation is insufficient to dispose adequately of the effluent from such septic tank, it may by notice in writing addressed to the owner of the premises on which such septic tank is installed, require such owner to extend such area in the manner and within the period of time specified in such notice. 183. Absorption Trenches . (1) Unless otherwise approved or prescribed by the Council, the time for water to fall 25 mm in a test hole shall be determined as prescribed hereunder:- (a) the test hole shall be located in the area proposed to be used for absorption trenches and shall be representative of the soil in that area. Further test holes shall be provided as, in the opinion of the engineer, are required to obtain suffi- ciently representative results; (b) the test hole shall be dug to the depth of the proposed absorption trench and shall be 300 mm square. Care shall be taken to minimise changes in the nature of the soil; (c) add a layer 50 mm deep of coarse sand or 6 mm size screenings; (d) fill the hole with town water to a minimum depth of 300 mm over the sand or gravel layer taking care to minimise disturb- ance of that layer. If the soil is dry, the water level shall be maintained at such depth of 300 mm for 4 hours or such longer period as, in the opinion of the engineer , will represent conditions during operation of the septic tank installation; (e) on conclusion of the soaking period prescribed in subclause (d), the water level shall be topped up as required and the drop in water level over a period of 30 minutes shall be measured. The average time in minutes for the water to fall 25 mm shall then be calculated. (2) The length of trench per person shall be that prescribed in column 2 or column 3 of Table 31 opposite the calculated time for water to fall 25 mm in column 1: Provided that the minimum length shall not be less than 2 m per person or 10 m whichever is greater for water closet

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 833 and urinal wastes and 4 m per person or 20 m whichever is greater for all household wastes and provided further that nothing herein shall preclude the requirement of a greater length of absorption trench than that specified in Table 31 if, in the opinion of the engineer, special circumstances exist which require a greater length of absorption trench than that specified in Table 31.. TABLE 31 Time for water to fall 25 mm ( in minutes) Length of Trench per Person Water Closet and Urinal Wastes All Household Wastes mm 2 or less 5 or less 10 or less 20 or less 30 or less .. .. .. .. i 2-0 2 - 2 2.5 3.7 4.6 I 4.0 4-4 5.0 7.4 9-2 (3) Unless otherwise prescribed or approved by the Council, absorp- tion trenches shall be as prescribed herein. Absorption trenches shall be at least 450 mm wide by 300 mm deep. The maximum depth shall be determined by the depth of suitable soil but shall not exceed 600 mm. The effluent shall be distributed along the trench by approved agricultural pipes laid on a grade not flatter than 1 in 300 nor steeper than I in 100. The pipes shall be laid on a bed of at least 50 mm of clean coarse sand or 6 mm size screenings. The trench shall then be backfilled to within 75 mm of the surface with clean gravel or crushed stone graded 40 mm to 80 mm gauge or other approved material which, in the opinion of the engineer, is equally suitable. The final 75 mm shall be filled with top soil. Care shall be taken during excavation not to interfere with the absorptive properties of the soil and, if required by the engineer, the sides and bottom of the trench shall be scarified prior to placing bedding and backfilling. If prescribed by the Council, an approved impervious membrane shall be laid over the gravel prior to placing the top soil. (4) In the case of septic tanks used with intermediate flush fixtures, the length of trench per person prescribed in Table 31 for water closet and urinal wastes only may be reduced in the same proportion as the flush is reduced from 11 litres provided that the minimum length shall not be less than 6 m. (5) Where the area of land is sufficient the engineer may, after such other tests and investigations as he considers necessary, approve of the use of absorption trenches of such greater length and such design as he considers suitable or of transpiration trenches or transpiration areas provided he is satisfied that no nuisance will result. (6) -Absorption trenches shall be located in an unobstructed and unshaded area at least 6 m from the allotment boundary on the downhill side , 1 .5 m from other boundaries or buildings and 15 m from any source

834 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 of water supply. Where trenches are designed in more than one length, they shall be at least 1-5m apart, measured between centre lines. Absorption trenches shall be located not less than 6 m measured horizon- tally from the nearest edge of any swimming pool or wading pool on the downhill side and not less than 3 in from the nearest edge on the other sides. Sufficient area shall be available to provide for replacement absorption trenches with the spacings prescribed in this subclause. (7) A soil shall be considered unsuitable for disposal of effluent into absorption trenches as prescribed in this By-law if the time required for the water level to fall 25 mm in a test hole is greater than thirty minutes or if, in the opinion of the engineer, for any other reason absorp- tion trenches would be a nuisance or injurious or prejudicial to healtn. - 75 mm TOP SOIL Ez zx EE E 0 -80 mm MINIMUM PIPE DIAMETER CLEAN SOUND GRAVEL OR CRUSHED STONE .O mm TO 80 mm GAUGE 450 mm -50 mm MINIMUM CLEAN -1 COARSE SAND OR 6 mm SCREENINGS GRADE OF ABSORPTION TRENCH AND AGRICULTURAL PIPES NOT LESS THAN 1 IN 300 AND NOT MORE THAN 1 IN 100. PIPES TO BE LAID WITH DRY BUTTED JOINTS FIGURE 50 ABSORPTION TRENCH 184. Transpiration Areas. (1) Unless otherwise approved or directed by the Council, transpiration areas shall be as prescribed in this By-law. (2) Transpiration areas shall be located in areas which are not shaded by buildings and where they will receive the maximum amount of sun and wind. (3) Separation distances from boundaries, swimming pools and water sources shall be not less than those prescribed for absorption trenches in By-law 183. (4) The area of a transpiration bed shall be determined by the rainfall and evaporation characteristics applicable to the premises and the quantity of effluents. Unless otherwise approved by the Council, pro- vision shall be made for not less than 0.2 square metres for each litre of effluent per day, but, in no case, less than 40 square metres.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 835 -75 mm min to divert ground water on high side of bed -retaining watt 480m m agricuiturat pipes -20-25 mm screenings -10 mm screenings i 1m I I 2m 2m 1m FIGURE 51 TRANSPIRATION AREA (5) Effluent shall be distributed in the bed by 80 mm size agricul- tural pipes laid on a grade of not less than 1 : 100 and not more than 1 : 300, located 2 metres apart and surrounded by a 150 mm thick layer of gravel or crushed rock screenings graded 20 mm to 25 mm size. A 50 mm layer of gravel or crushed rock screenings graded to 10 mm size and a 125 mm layer of coarse sand shall then be added. The area shall be completed with a 75 mm layer of top soil planted with an approved species of grass or other plants with high transpiration rates and shallow rooting systems. (6) In sloping ground, stormwater run-off shall be diverted round the area and retaining walls shall be provided as necessary to prevent effluent seeping from the bed on the downhill sides. Beds may be terraced to limit the provision of retaining walls.

836 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 (7) In level ground the Council may approve of the construction of the bed partly above natural surface and enclosed in a retaining wall to prevent seepage. (8) Sufficient area shall be available on the site to provide a duplicate transpiration area as prescribed herein. 185. Effluent Distribution Box. (1) Whenever effluent distribution to an absorption trench or transpiration area requires two or more lines of agricultural pipes and in other cases when approved or directed by the Council, a distribution box shall be provided. The distribution box shall be designed to divide the flow equally amongst the pipelines and to permit the flow of effluent to any pipeline to be shut off without interrupting the flow to others. (2) Whenever the length of agricultural pipeline in an absorption trench or transpiration area is, in the opinion of the Council, such that uniform distribution along the length will not occur, the Council may approve or direct the provision of a distribution box equipped with a siphon dosing apparatus or other means of ensuring that the effluent will be uniformly distributed. 186. Aerobic Treatment Plant Installations . (1) The Council may by resolution approve of the use of an aerobic treatment plant in lieu of a septic tank at any particular premises where, in the opinion of the Council, its use at such premises would be at least as effective as if a septic tank were installed. (2) In any case where the Council has approved of the use of an aerobic treatment plant, the requirements prescribed by this Part for a septic tank installation, except By-law 172, shall, mutatis mutandis, be the requirements prescribed for an aerobic treatment plant installation pursuant to this part. (3) Prefabricated aerobic treatment plants shall be designed and constructed as prescribed by the authorised specification and shall be of types authorised by the Joint Committee. They shall be installed and operated in accordance with any special conditions imposed by the Joint Committee in granting such authorisation or attached to the permit granted by the Council. .. (4) Aerobic treatment plants constructed in situ shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the plans and specifications approved by the Council. They shall be installed and operated in accordance with any special conditions attached to the permit granted by the Council. PART XI--SYMBOLS 187. Symbols. In the preparation of drainage plans, plumbing plans and septic tank installation plans pursuant to these By-laws, the fixtures, fittings, pipes and other apparatus shown in Column 1, Table 32, shall unless otherwise approved by the Council be represented on the plans in the fashion set out in that Table in column 2, 3 or 4.

Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 FIXTURE FITTING ETC. TABLE 32 SYMBOLS PLAN O E R LE S V E A C T T IO IO N N ABLUTION TROUGH AIR CONDITIONER AUTOPSY TABLE BAR SINK BASIN BATH BED PAN WASHER BIDET CLEANERS SINK DENTAL UNIT DISHWASHER DRINKING FOUNTAIN FLOOR-WASTE GULLY FOOD WASTE DISPOSAL UNIT (GARBAGE GRINDER) GLASS WASHING MACHINE HOT WATER SYSTEM LAUNDRY TROUGH (TUBS) PAN ROOM SINK POTATO PEELER SANITARY NAPKIN UNIT SHOWER SHOWER BATH SINK SLOP HOPPER STERILIZER URINAL VANITY BASIN WALL HUNG URINAL WASHING MACHINE WATER CLOSET AT AC AuT BQS Q C^ EBPW CS ® ® oP •FWG *GG OM'.vs LT u PTs aP SN Shr SB SH st VO B ^-7 WU Frn a WC AT AC I ^°T I OBS QBr F1 BPW Be cs ou cw °f - FWG EGG G'•v 7 nws F::^LT PP SN shr =SB U SHD st r---7]v8 WU w,u 8 WC ALTERNATIVE SYMBOL AT AC O as Bn O e Ba CS ou ow °P GG _ Or.ws @ Pas PP Sy 58 O SO" St ve w,v+ we 837

838 Sewerage and Water Supply Act Amendment Act 1981, No. 81 FIXTURE FITTING ETC. TABLE 32- continued SYMBOLS PLAN OR ELEV S A E T C IO T N ION ABSORPTION TRENCH ANCHOR BLOCK BRANCH PIPE BRANCH VENT COMBINED HOUSE DRAIN CROSS VENT DISCONNECTOR GULLY -E JAB BP •BV CHD •CV •DG 8P -_ 8^ -- DRAIN (HOUSE DRAIN) FIXTURE DISCHARGE PIPE GULLY TRAP GRADED PIPE GREASE INTERCEPTOR TRAP GROUP VENT INSPECTION BEND FOP O GT GP O GIT •GV IB FOP GP -s ^^ -- ti IB INSPECTION CHAMBER IC INSPECTION JUNCTION INSPECTION OPENING •10 • IO INSPECTION PIPE JUMP UP • iU 01 JUNCTION OVERFLOW RELIEF GULLY RELIEF VENT SEALED DISCONNECTOR GULLY SEPTIC TANK -,- O ORG •RV ^. 5DG S QT -- R- -- STACK STACK VENT PIPE •S •SV S -- S - -_ TRANSPIRATION AREA TRAP VENT VENT VENT HEADER TA •TV •V •VH --?^ -- _ vH __ ALTERNATIVE SYMBOL AT AB BP 8V CHO CV OG FOP GT GP GIT GV IB IC U 10 IP 1U ORG RV SDG ST s SV TA TV V VH