Radiation (Safety Control) Act (NT)
NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA
RADIATION (SAFETY CONTROL) ACT
As in force at 15 September 1999
northern territory of australia
This reprint shows the Act as in force at 15 September 1999. Any amendments that commence after that date are not included.
RADIATION (SAFETY CONTROL) act
An Act relating to the control, regulation, possession, use and transport of radioactive substances and irradiating spparatus
This Act may be cited as the
This Act shall commence on a date to be fixed by the Administrator by notice in the
(1) In this Act, unless the contrary intention appears –
absorbed dose of any radiation means the amount of energy imparted to matter by ionizing particles per unit of mass of irradiated material at a particular place and is expressed in rads.alpha particle means a corpuscle consisting of the nucleus of a helium atom emitted by a radioactive atomic nucleus.beta particle means a high speed corpuscle having the same mass or charge as the electron or positron and originating from nuclear disintegration.Chief Health Officer means the Chief Health Officer appointed under thePublic Health Act .Code of Safe Transport means the code and any amendments to it approved by the Minister under section 36(1) to apply as the Code of Safe Transport.container means a freight container.curie is the measure of radioactivity and one curie represents an activity of 3.7 x 1010 nuclear transformations per second.dose equivalent is the quantity, measured in rems, which expresses on a common scale for all ionizing radiation the irradiation incurred by exposed matter.dose-rate means the absorbed dose received per unit of time.electron means a high speed subatomic particle or corpuscle which is negatively charged and which originates from an extra-nuclear region of the atom.exempted substance means a substance exempted in pursuance of section 37.gamma ray means an electromagnetic ionizing radiation which originates from the nucleus of an atom but which is not otherwise distinguishable from X-rays.handle includes load, unload, discharge, stack, stow, store, transport and any operation incidental to or arising out of those operations.inspector means an inspector appointed under section 8.irradiating apparatus means an instrument or apparatus that is capable of emitting radiation not originating from a radioactive substance in or on the instrument or apparatus, but does not include –(a) an instrument or apparatus from which the dose rate to an organ or tissue of a person when situated at a distance 0.1 of a metre from the external surface of the instrument or apparatus does not exceed 0.1 millirem per hour;
(b) an instrument or apparatus in which electrons are accelerated to an energy not exceeding 5000 electron volts; or
(c) a television receiver from which the dose rate to an organ or tissue of a person when situated at a distance of 5 centimetres from the external surface of the receiver does not exceed 0.5 of a millirem per hour.
licensed premises means the premises described in a licence issued under this Act.licensee means a person licensed under this Act.maximum permissible dose , in relation to a person or a part of the body of a person exposed to radiation, means –(a) for any quarter of a calendar year – the dose equivalent of the radiation specified in the third column of Part I of Schedule 3 received through the organs or parts of his body specified in the second column of that Part; and
(b) for the period of a calendar year – the dose equivalent of the radiation specified in the third column of Part II of Schedule 3 received through the organs or parts of his body specified in the second column of that Part.
maximum permissible concentration means a concentration of a radioactive substance specified in the first column of Schedule 1 –(a) in air, being that specified in the second column of that Schedule; or
(b) in water, being that specified in the third column of that Schedule,
for the radioactive substance.
neutron means a radioactive corpuscle which has no electric charge and has a mass slightly greater than the proton.nuclide means a variety of an atom characterized by a specific atomic number and a specific mass number.package includes a pack, packet, parcel, carton, box or receptacle of any kind that contains a radioactive substance.place andpremises includes buildings, ships, aircraft, vehicles and any other premises on land or water and all other land, vacant or otherwise whether public or private.positron means a high speed, subatomic particle or corpuscle which is positively charged and which originates from an extra nuclear region of the atom.proton means a nuclear particle of unit mass number having a charge equal to and opposite to that of an electron.rad is the unit of measurement of the absorbed dose and one rad represents the absorbed dose received when energy of 0.01 joule is imparted to one kilogram of irradiated matter.radiation means –(a) electromagnetic radiation, being X-rays, gamma rays, photons or quanta; or
(b) corpuscular radiation being alpha particles, beta particles, electrons, protons, neutrons and heavy particles capable of causing ionization of matter on which it impinges.
radiation hazard means a thing or situation that creates a danger to the health of a person and that arises from exposure of ionizing radiation because of radiation from an external source or from within the body.Radiation Safety Officer means a person appointed to be a Radiation Safety Officer under section 15.radiation worker means a person who receives or is likely to receive radiation in the course of his employment whether from a radioactive substance or from irradiating apparatus.radioactive contamination means the lodgement, attachment or incorporation of a radioactive substance, on, to or in an organ or tissue of a person or on or to any other material or substance.radioactive substance means a substance which consists of or contains radioactive nuclides whether natural or artificial.radioactivity means the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable nuclide with the emission of a particle or proton to form a different nuclide.rem is the unit measurement of dose equivalent and one rem is the dose equivalent when irradiated matter receives an absorbed dose of one rad. andX-ray means electromagnetic, ionizing radiation which originates from the field outside the nucleus of the atom and resulting from the loss of energy of charged particles.(2) Where in this Act a unit of measurement is used coupled with the prefix "milli" or "micro", the prefix signifies that the measurement referred to is one-thousandth or one-millionth respectively of the unit of measurement.
(1) Subject to subsection (2), this Act is binding upon all persons in the Territory whether or not they are in the service of any government or any governmental authority.
(2) For 21 days immediately following the date of commencement of this Act, this Act shall not apply to a person who, on that date of commencement has in his possession or is using irradiating apparatus or a radioactive substance.
(1) A radioactive substance specified in Schedule 5 is exempt from the operation of this Act if its radioactivity does not exceed the maximum specified for it in that Schedule.
(2) Nothing in this Act applies to the mining, production, possession, treatment, handling, sale, use or disposal of uranium ores or uranium oxide (U3O8).
(3) The Chief Health Officer, by notice in the
Gazette , may exempt from the operation of this Act any radioactive substance or irradiating apparatus which he is satisfied does not produce a significant radiation hazard.
The Chief Health Officer is, in the performance of his duties and functions and the exercise of his powers under this Act, subject to the direction and control of the Minister.
(1) The Chief Health Officer may, by instrument in writing, delegate to a person all or any of his powers, functions and authorities under this Act (except this power of delegation) in relation to a matter or class of matters or to a district or part of the Territory so that the delegated powers, functions and authorities may be exercised by the delegate with respect to the matter or class of matters or the district or part of the Territory specified in the instrument of delegation.
(2) A delegation under subsection (1) is revocable in writing at will and does not prevent the exercise of a power, function or authority by the Chief Health Officer.
(1) The Chief Health Officer may appoint such inspectors as he thinks necessary for the purposes of the administration of this Act.
(2) An inspector may –
(a) with the consent, expressed or implied, of the owner or occupier of premises enter those premises and search for and examine –
(i) registers and licences kept or held under this Act;
(ii) books, records and documents relating to irradiating apparatus or equipment used in connection with that apparatus and any instruments, devices or accessories for measuring or detecting radiation or radioactive substances; and
(iii) packages containing or which he believes, on reasonable grounds, contain irradiating apparatus or a radioactive substance;
(b) use or install any equipment or measuring device for sampling, measuring or analyzing any substance; or
(c) make copies of or reproduce writings, books, records or other recorded information whether the information be recorded in writing or in some other form.
(3) An inspector, without the consent of any person but in pursuance of a search warrant, may enter any premises or place and do all such acts as are permitted to be done by subsection (2) with the consent of the owner or occupier of the premises.
(4) Where there are reasonable grounds for an inspector to believe that a radiation hazard exists and that that hazard is such that action under this section is urgent, he may do all such acts as are permitted to be done under this section in pursuance of a search warrant without the consent of the owner or occupier and without obtaining a search warrant and he shall report any action taken under this subsection to the Chief Health Officer within 48 hours.
(5) If a Justice of the Peace is satisfied by information on oath that there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that there is in any place any thing –
(a) with respect to which an offence against this Act has been or is suspected on reasonable grounds to have been committed;
(b) as to which there are reasonable grounds for suspecting that it will afford evidence of that offence; or
(c) as to which there are reasonable grounds for believing that it is intended to be used for the purpose of committing such an offence against this Act,
he may grant a search warrant authorizing an inspector or member of the Police Force named in the warrant, with such assistance as he thinks necessary, to enter at any time a place described in the warrant and to seize any such thing that he may find in that place.
(1) When an inspector has reasonable grounds to believe that a radiation hazard exists or that an offence has been or is being committed against this Act he may –
(a) seize and remove any thing constituting or contributing to a health hazard;
(b) seize any thing likely to afford evidence of an offence against this Act; and
(c) if a thing seized is, in the opinion of the inspector, too dangerous or too bulky to be removed, forthwith prohibit the use, removal or alteration of, and interference or contact with, the thing by all persons for a period of 14 days by a notice in writing served on the owner or occupier of the premises and exhibited on the premises as near as possible to the thing seized.
(2) A person shall not use, move or alter, or interfere or make contact with, a thing to which a notice under subsection (1)(c) applies.
This Part does not apply –
(a) in the case of a person lawfully possessing, using or operating irradiating apparatus under and in accordance with the
Radiographers Act – to or in relation to that apparatus;(b) in the case of a patient undergoing treatment which involves the possession of a radioactive substance – to or in relation to that treatment; or
(c) in the case of the owner of an animal undergoing treatment which involves the retention in or on the animal of a radioactive substance – to or in relation to that treatment.
(1) Subject to this section, a person shall not have in his possession, manufacture, purchase, use, sell, handle or dispose of a radioactive substance or irradiating apparatus or carry out maintenance on irradiating apparatus.
(2) On the application of a person in the prescribed form, the Chief Health Officer may, subject to section 12(1), grant that person a licence under this section.
(3) A licence under this section authorizes the person to whom it is granted to do, subject to section 12(2), such of the things prohibited by subsection (1) as are specified in the licence.
(1) The Chief Health Officer shall not grant a licence under section 11 unless –
(a) the applicant is a natural person over the age of 18 years; and
(b) the Chief Health Officer approves the means to be used in storing the radioactive substance or irradiating apparatus.
(2) A licence granted under section 11 may be issued subject to such conditions as the Chief Health Officer considers necessary and as are specified in the licence.
(3) A licence granted under section 11 –
(a) remains in force for such period not exceeding 12 months as is specified in the licence;
(b) is renewable, on application by the licensee, for such period not exceeding 12 months as the Chief Health Officer may specify in a written notice given to the licensee;
(c) may be cancelled by the Chief Health Officer –
(i) where it has been issued subject to conditions and the licensee is in breach of any of those conditions;
(ii) where the licensee has failed, refused or neglected to comply with this Act; or
(iii) where the Chief Health Officer is of the opinion that, in the interest of the safety of members of the public, the licence should be cancelled; and
(d) shall describe the premises to which the licence applies.
13 Records to be kept A licensee shall keep in a register a record of all irradiating apparatus and radioactive substances that come into his possession and the use to which that irradiating apparatus or those radioactive substances are put and any change in that use.
A licensee shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that every person under his supervision complies with this Act.
(1) A licensee who has in his possession any irradiating apparatus or radioactive substance shall –
(a) appoint a person to be a Radiation Safety Officer in respect of the licensed premises and all irradiating apparatus and radioactive substances in his possession;
(b) give notice to the Chief Health Officer in writing within 24 hours –
(i) of the first occasion upon which an irradiating apparatus or a radioactive substance comes into his possession; and
(ii) of the appointment of a Radiation Safety Officer furnishing his own private address and telephone number and the name, private address and telephone number, if any, of the Radiation Safety Officer appointed;
(c) forward a copy of all reports and recommendations of the Radiation Safety Officer to the Chief Health Officer within 24 hours of the receipt of the report or the recommendation;
(d) at least 24 hours before he employs a person as a radiation worker, notify the Chief Health Officer of the name, qualifications (if any) and experience of the person proposed to be so employed; and
(e) within 24 hours after a person ceases to be so employed notify the Chief Health Officer of the cessation.
(2) Before a Radiation Safety Officer is appointed or during the absence from licensed premises of the Radiation Safety Officer, the licensee has, with respect to the licensed premises and all irradiating apparatus and radioactive substances on those premises, all the duties, powers, liabilities and responsibilities prescribed by this Act in respect of a Radiation Safety Officer.
(1) The Chief Health Officer may require a licensee, a person appointed to be a Radiation Safety Officer or a radiation worker to submit to such medical examination as the Chief Health Officer may specify.
(2) A person required to submit himself to a medical examination under subsection (1) shall not fail, refuse or neglect to do so.
A Radiation Safety Officer shall –
(a) investigate and record all sources of ionizing radiation on premises under his control;
(b) within 14 days of his appointment and thereafter at 6 monthly intervals prepare a report –
(i) showing the names of all persons permitted by the licensee to be in a place where ionizing radiation exists or may, from time to time, exist;
(ii) specifying the times of the day during which each person is likely to be in such a place and exposed to ionizing radiation;
(iii) recommending the safe working procedures that should be adopted for work on the licensed premises in connection with irradiating apparatus or radioactive substances; and
(iv) recommending, if necessary, the installation or use of facilities for the purpose of minimizing the absorbed dose that each person may receive;
(c) provide a copy of each report made under paragraph (b) to each person working in the place to which his report relates who may be subjected to ionizing radiation and to the employer of each of those persons;
(d) take all reasonable steps to ensure that all persons likely to be subjected to ionizing radiation are adequately instructed in the use of all safeguards and procedures and are supplied with such apparatus, clothing, instruments, shields, devices or accessories as are necessary for the protection of those persons from ionizing radiation;
(e) take all reasonable steps to ensure that persons not engaged in work involving the use or handling of irradiating apparatus or radioactive substances cannot be subject to ionizing radiation (other than that naturally occurring) exceeding 10 millirems a week;
(f) take all reasonable steps to ensure that no radioactive substance is removed from the licensed premises in contravention of this Act;
(g) if he becomes aware of the existence of any ionizing radiation from a source not under his control – report the matter in writing immediately to the licensee and to the Chief Health Officer;
(h) take all reasonable steps to ensure that all persons employed on the licensed premises carry out all such procedures and do all such acts as will ensure the safe performance of their work;
(i) keep a register of every sealed radiation source on the licensed premises;
(j) at the cessation of work on each day, ensure that each source of ionizing radiation used on that day is accounted for and that other sources of ionizing radiation are held in a safe and secure place; and
(k) take all reasonable steps to ensure that all apparatus, instruments, devices and accessories used for the protection of persons from ionizing radiation or for the detection and measurement of ionizing radiation, absorbed doses and dose equivalents and of radioactive contamination are maintained in good working condition and are properly used.
A radiation worker shall use in the proper manner all apparatus, instruments, devices, clothing, shields and accessories supplied to him for his protection and shall observe the working procedures laid down by the Radiation Safety Officer appointed for the premises in which the worker works.
A licensee shall –
(a) by means of doors, bars, locks or warning or cautionary notices, signs or lights, prohibit the access of unauthorized persons to all parts of the licensed premises in which they may be subjected to ionizing radiation;
(b) immediately upon becoming aware that a radioactive substance in his possession or under his control has been damaged, lost or involved in an accident or fire, notify the Chief Health Officer of the fact by telegram, telephone or personal communication and shall confirm that notification in writing as soon as is reasonably possible;
(c) carry out all instructions that the Chief Health Officer gives to him consequent upon a notification under paragraph (b); and
(d) take all reasonable steps to ensure that the concentration of radioactive substances in air and water does not exceed the concentrations prescribed in Schedule 1.
A licensee who employs persons as radiation workers shall –
(a) carry out, when and in the manner required by the Chief Health Officer, measurements of ionizing radiation in and around the licensed premises and in air and water discharged from the licensed premises;
(b) provide and maintain for each radiation worker such instruments, apparatus, devices or accessories as the Chief Health Officer requires for the purpose of measuring the amount of ionizing radiation to which a radiation worker is or has been exposed; and
(c) instruct those workers in the methods in which those instruments, apparatus, devices or accessories are to be used.
A radiation worker using or handling an irradiating apparatus or a radioactive substance shall, while doing so or while in the vicinity of an irradiating apparatus or a radioactive substance, carry attached to his person or his clothing such instrument, apparatus, device or accessory as shall have been provided in accordance with section 20(b).
A person shall not dispose of or abandon a radioactive substance without the approval of the Chief Health Officer.
An employer or the person in charge of a place where irradiating apparatus or a radioactive substance is used shall take all reasonable steps to ensure that a person on premises under his control –
(a) does not receive a radiation dose in excess of the maximum permissible dose; and
(b) is not exposed to a concentration of radioactive substances in air or water in excess of the maximum permissible concentration.
(1) Where the Chief Health Officer is satisfied that a radiation worker has been exposed to radiation in excess of the maximum permissible dose, he may direct the person by whom the worker is employed to cease to employ him, for such period as the Chief Health Officer specifies, in any employment in which he will or may be exposed to ionizing radiation.
(2) An employer shall not fail, refuse or neglect to comply with a direction given under subsection (1).
(1) Where there is cause to believe that there will be a serious risk to the health of a radiation worker if he continues to be exposed to ionizing radiation, the Chief Health Officer may direct his employer to cease to employ him in any work which may expose him to further ionizing radiation.
(2) An employer shall not fail, refuse or neglect to comply with a direction given under subsection (1).
An employer of a radiation worker or the person in charge of a place where radiation workers are employed shall keep a record in a form approved by the Chief Health Officer showing –
(a) the full name, address, age and sex of each radiation worker;
(b) the date of commencement of employment;
(c) the dates from which and the periods during which the person has or may have been exposed to ionizing radiation;
(d) the details of all dose assessments for that person; and
(e) all known facts relating to any accidental dose of ionizing radiation that may have been received by that person.
An employer of a radiation worker and a person in charge of a place in which irradiating apparatus or a radioactive substance is used –
(a) who has cause to suspect that a person has received (other than as a patient undergoing treatment) a dose equivalent in excess of 200 millirems per week or that some unusual occurrence has taken place in or about a source of ionizing radiation; or
(b) who becomes aware that a personal monitoring device has recorded in respect of a person a dose equivalent exceeding 200 millirems per week,
shall report the fact to the Chief Health Officer forthwith.
(1) In calculating the maximum permissible dose of ionizing radiation for the purposes of this Act, doses –
(a) received by an organ or tissue of a person from any source of ionizing radiation as a consequence of the employment of that person shall be counted;
(b) received by a person in undergoing radiological procedures or ionizing radiation received by him as the result of exposure to naturally occurring radiation shall not be counted; and
(c) received in any quarter of a calendar year shall be counted in the dosage for the calendar year of which that quarter forms part.
(2) If the dose to the whole body, gonads or red bone-marrow accumulated by a person in the course of employment is not known for any period, it shall be assumed that he has received, in each calendar year of the period, the relevant maximum permissible dose for those parts specified in Part II of Schedule 3.
A person shall not use irradiating apparatus unless the apparatus is registered under this Part.
(1) A person who is in possession of irradiating apparatus shall forthwith make application to the Chief Health Officer for the registration of that irradiating apparatus.
(2) If the Chief Health Officer is satisfied that –
(a) the equipment is in a safe and good operating condition;
(b) the equipment is suitable for the use proposed;
(c) the location and installation of the equipment are appropriate; and
(d) the equipment is adequately protected and, if shielding of the equipment is necessary, that it is properly shielded,
he shall register the irradiating apparatus.
(1) The Chief Health Officer shall issue a certificate of registration in respect of each item of irradiating apparatus that is registered.
(2) A person to whom a certificate of registration is issued shall display the certificate in a prominent position on or near the irradiating apparatus to which it relates.
A person shall not alter or modify any registered irradiating apparatus without the approval of the Chief Health Officer.
(1) An inspector shall regularly inspect each item of registered irradiating apparatus and report to the Chief Health Officer on that inspection.
(2) If he is satisfied upon the report of an inspector that any registered irradiating apparatus is in a dangerous condition or requires repair or modification, the Chief Health Officer may cancel the registration of the apparatus and require the person in possession of the apparatus to deliver to the Chief Health Officer the certificate of registration forthwith.
(3) A person shall not fail, refuse or neglect to comply with a requirement of the Chief Health Officer under subsection (2).
(1) A certificate of registration may be issued subject to such conditions as the Chief Health Officer considers necessary and as are endorsed on the certificate.
(2) Where a certificate of registration is endorsed under subsection (1), a person shall –
(a) not use the irradiating apparatus for a purpose other than the purpose specified in the certificate; and
(b) observe the conditions endorsed on the certificate.
Part V Transport of radioactive substances
A person must not transport a radioactive substance or store, pack or stow a radioactive substance for transportation unless –
(a) it is transported, stored, packed or stowed in accordance with the Code of Safe Transport; or
(b) it is exempt under section 37.
(1) The Minister may, by notice in the
Gazette , approve –(a) a code to apply; or
(b) an amendment to that code to be incorporated into that code and apply,
as the Code of Safe Transport for the purposes of section 35(a).
(2) The Code of Safe Transport may require a thing to be done in accordance with any code, standard or specification as in force from time to time referred to in it.
(3) The Chief Health Officer –
(a) must cause a copy of the Code of Safe Transport to be made available for inspection by members of the public at the offices in Darwin of the Agency responsible to the Minister for the administration of this Act during normal working hours without charge; and
(b) may cause copies of the Code of Safe Transport to be available for purchase by members of the public on payment of the charge the Chief Health Officer requires.
37 Exemptions (1) The Chief Health Officer may, by notice in the
Gazette , exempt a radioactive substance of a specified weight or activity from the application of this Part or from a specified provision of the Code of Safe Transport.(2) An exemption may be subject to the conditions the Chief Health Officer thinks fit and specifies in the notice.
(3) A person must comply with the conditions of an exemption.
(1) A person shall not use a place (other than licensed premises) to store a radioactive substance unless the Chief Health Officer has approved of the place as a store.
(2) The Chief Health Officer shall not approve of a place as a store for radioactive substances unless he is satisfied that the facilities provided and the precautions taken are adequate to prevent any radiation hazard arising and to prevent radioactive substances being taken or used by unauthorized persons.
(3) The Chief Health Officer shall notify the officer in charge of the nearest police station and the Chief Fire Officer of each place in which radioactive sources are stored or held.
(4) A store in which radioactive substances are held shall have displayed close to it or on it a radioactive warning sign –
(a) conforming with figure 6 in Schedule 2; and
(b) complying with the colour requirements specified in that Schedule for that figure.
Part VII Miscellaneous
(1) Subject to this section, a person who contravenes or fails to comply with this Act commits an offence.
Penalty: In the case of a natural person – $25,000.
In the case of a corporation – $125,000.
(2) A person who contravenes or fails to comply with section 22 or 35 commits an offence.
Penalty: In the case of a natural person – $50,000.
In the case of a corporation – $250,000.
(3) A person who contravenes or fails to comply with section 55C(2) commits an offence.
Penalty: $5,000.
An offence against section 11(1), 13, 24, 25, 26, 29, 30(1), 31(2), 33(3) or 53(1) or (4) is a regulatory offence.
(1) If in a proceeding in respect of an offence against this Act or the Regulations it is necessary to prove –
(a) the quantity of an absorbed dose;
(b) the nature of a radioactive substance;
(c) the activity of a radioactive substance; or
(d) the strength of a dose equivalent,
a certificate purporting to be signed by the Chief Health Officer stating a measurement or other fact in relation to the matter to be proved is evidence of the matter stated in the certificate and of the fact on which it is based.
(2) In a proceeding in respect of an offence against this Act or the Regulations, an allegation in the information or complaint that –
(a) a named person is or was at a specified time the Chief Health Officer, an inspector, a Radiation Safety Officer or a radiation worker;
(b) a named person was or was not at a specified time the holder of a specified licence or certificate;
(c) a specified licence or certificate was subject to specified conditions;
(d) a specified substance was or was not at a specified time a radioactive substance;
(e) a specified apparatus was or was not at a specified time an irradiating apparatus; or
(f) a specified radioactive substance or irradiating apparatus was on a specified day stored, packed, stowed or transported in or on a specified package, container, vehicle, vessel, aircraft or other place,
is, in the absence of proof to the contrary, to be taken to be proved.
If a person is found guilty of an offence against this Act or the Regulations, the court may order that a radioactive substance or irradiating apparatus in respect of which the offence was committed is forfeited to the Territory.
The Chief Health Officer may dispose of, destroy, render safe or otherwise deal with a radioactive substance or irradiating apparatus forfeited to the Territory under section 55A in the manner he or she thinks fit.
(1) If a person is found guilty of an offence against this Act or the Regulations in respect of the spillage, escape, disposal or negligent handling of a radioactive substance or an irradiating apparatus, the Chief Health Officer may direct the person to restore any land or building or repair any other property that was damaged because of the spillage, escape, disposal or negligent handling of the substance or apparatus in the manner and within the time specified in the notice.
(2) A direction under subsection (1) is to –
(a) be by written notice served on the person personally or by post;
(b) specify the manner in which the person is to carry out the restoration or repair; and
(c) specify the time within which the person is to complete the restoration or repair.
(3) A person on whom the direction is served must comply with the direction.
(4) If a person fails to comply with the direction, the Chief Health Officer, an inspector or any other person authorised by the Chief Health Officer may enter the land or building or remove the property and carry out the work in respect of the land, building or property that the person was directed to do.
(1) If a person is found guilty of an offence referred to in section 55A, the costs incurred by the Territory in –
(a) taking action to render safe a radioactive substance or irradiating apparatus to which the offence relates or to otherwise protect the public because of the act or omission that constitutes the offence;
(b) seizing, detaining or removing the substance or apparatus or the package, container, vehicle, vessel or aircraft in or on which it was contained or kept when seized, detained or removed;
(c) investigating the commission of the offence;
(d) storing the substance or apparatus until the court makes the finding of guilt; and
(e) disposing of, destroying or rendering safe the substance or apparatus under section 55B,
is a debt due and payable to the Territory by the person.
(2) The cost incurred by the Territory of restoring land or a building or removing or repairing other property damaged because of the commission of an offence referred to in section 55C(1) is a debt due and payable to the Territory by the person found guilty of the offence.
(3) In a proceeding for the recovery of a cost referred to subsection (1) or (2), a certificate purporting to be signed by the Chief Health Officer stating the cost is evidence of the cost and the fact that it was incurred by the Territory.
(4) Where, in a prosecution for an offence against this Act, it is necessary to prove –
(a) the quantity of an absorbed dose;
(b) the nature of a radioactive substance;
(c) the activity of a radioactive substance; or
(d) the strength of a dose equivalent,
a certificate purporting to be signed by the Chief Health Officer stating any such measurement or other fact is evidence, in the absence of proof to the contrary, of the matters so certified and of the facts on which they are based.
The Administrator may make regulations, not inconsistent with this Act, prescribing all matters which by this Act are required or permitted to be prescribed or which are necessary or convenient for giving effect to this Act including prescribing fees for the issue and renewal of licences under Part III and the registration of irradiating apparatus under Part IV.
sections 3, 19 and 23
First Column | Second Column | Third Column |
Radioactive substance | Microcuries per millilitre of air | Microcuries per millilitre of water |
A41 | 5x10-7 | 5x10-4 |
Ag105 | 1x10-5 | 2 |
Ag111 | 3x10-5 | 4 |
Am241 | 3x10-11 | 1x10-4 |
As76 | 2x10-6 | 0.2 |
At211 | 3x10-10 | 2x10-6 |
Au198 | 1x10-7 | 3x10-3 |
Au199 | 2.5x10-7 | 7x10-3 |
Ba140+La140 | 6x10-8 | 2x10-3 |
Be7 | 4x10-6 | 1 |
C14 | 5x10-7 | 3x10-3 |
Ca45 | 3x10-8 | 5x10-4 |
Cd109+Ag109m | 7x10-8 | 7x10-2 |
Cel144+Pr144 | 7x10-9 | 4x10-2 |
C1 36 | 4x10-7 | 9x10-4 |
Cm242 | 2x10-10 | 9x10-4 |
Co60 | 1x10-6 | 2x10-2 |
Cr51 | 8x10-6 | 0.5 |
Cs137+Ba137m | 2x10-7 | 1.5x10-3 |
Cu64 | 6x10-6 | 8x10-2 |
Eu154 | 6x10-9 | 3x10-2 |
F18 | 1x10-4 | 0.9 |
Fe55 | 6x10-7 | 4x10-3 |
Fe59 | 1.5x10-8 | 1x10-4 |
Ga72 | 3x10-6 | 9 |
Ge71 | 4x10-5 | 9 |
H3(HTO or T20) | 2x10-5 | 0.2 |
Ho166 | 3x10-6 | 23 |
I131 | 5x10-9 | 3x10-5 |
Ir190 | 7x10-7 | 1x10-2 |
Ir192 | 5x10-8 | 9x10-4 |
K42 | 2x10-6 | 1x10-2 |
La140 | 1x10-6 | 1 |
Lu177 | 5x10-6 | 24 |
Mn56 | 3x10-6 | 0.15 |
Mo99 | 2x10-3 | 14 |
Na24 | 2x10-6 | 8x10-3 |
Nb95 | 4x10-7 | 4x10-3 |
Ni59 | 2x10-5 | 0.25 |
P32 | 1x10-7 | 2x10-4 |
Pb203 | 6.5x10-6 |
Pd103+Rh103 | 7x10-7 | 1x10-2 |
Pm147 | 2x10-7 | 1 |
Po210 (soluble) | 2x10-10 | 3x10-5 |
Po210 (insoluble) | 7x10-11 | - |
Pr143 | 7.5x10-7 | 0.4 |
Pu239 (soluble) | 2x10-12 | 1.5x10-6 |
Pu239 (insoluble) | 2x10-12 | - |
Ra226+½dr | 8x10-12 | 4x10-8 |
Rb86 | 4x10-7 | 3x10-3 |
Re183 | 8x10-6 | 8x10-2 |
Rh105 | 1x10-6 | 1.5x10-2 |
Rn222+dr | 1x10-7 | 2x10-6 |
Ru106+Rh106 | 3x10-8 | 0.1 |
S35 | 1x10-6 | 5x10-3 |
Sc46 | 7x10-8 | 0.4 |
Sm151 | 1x10-8 | 0.2 |
Sn113 | 6x10-7 | 0.2 |
Sr89 | 2x10-8 | 7x10-5 |
Sr90+Y90 | 2x10-10 | 8x10-7 |
Tc96 | 3x10-6 | 3x10-2 |
Te127 | 1x10-7 | 3x10-2 |
Te129 | 4x10-8 | 1x10-2 |
Th234 | 6x10-7 | 3 |
Th-natural (insoluble) | 3x10-11 | - |
Th-natural | 3x10-11 | 4x10-7 |
Tm170 | 5x10-8 | 0.25 |
U233 (soluble) | 1x10-10 | 1.5x10-4 |
U233 (insoluble) | 1.6x10-11 | - |
U-natural (soluble) | 1.7x10-11 | 7x10-5 |
U-natural (insoluble) | 1.7x10-11 | - |
V48 | 1x10-6 | 0.5 |
Xe133 | 4x10-6 | 4x10-3 |
Xe135 | 2x10-6 | 1x10-3 |
Y91 | 4x10-8 | 0.2 |
Zn65 | 2x10-6 | 6x10-2 |
All other emitters of beta or gamma radiation | 1x10-9 | 1x10-7 |
All other emitters of alpha radiation | 5x10-12 | 1x10-7 |
sections 44 and 53
1. Radiation warning labels shall be printed in black letters on a white or yellow background (according to the appropriate category).
2. A source container shall be labelled as follows:
"CAUTION
RADIATION GAUGE ENCLOSING RADIOACTIVE SOURCE"
and the appropriate radiation symbol shall be displayed.
3. A store for radioactive substance shall be labelled as follows:
"CAUTION
STORE FOR RADIOACTIVE SUBSTANCE"
and the appropriate radiation symbol shall be displayed.
Figure 1.
Basic trefoil symbol with proportions based on a central circle of radius 4 millimetres.
(See printed copy of Act)
Figure 2.
Category I – White label with lettering and trefoil black and category sign "I" denoted in red.
(See printed copy of Act)
Figure 3.
Category II – Yellow label with lettering and trefoil black and category sign "II" denoted in red.
(See printed copy of Act)
Figure 4.
Category III – Yellow label with lettering and trefoil black and category sign "III" denoted in red.
(See printed copy of Act)
Figure 5.
Placard for vehicles
The overall shape of the placard may be diamond or square as indicated by the broken lines. Minimum dimensions are given; when larger dimensions are used the relative proportions must be maintained.
A contrasting colour other than white may be used for the background.
The lower half of the placard may be used for other hazard identification codes, letters, &c., as may be required by any law in the Territory or by conventions relating to emergency incident information systems for all classifications of dangerous goods.
(See printed copy of Act)
Figure 6.
Colours: Background yellow lettering and trefoil black.
(See printed copy of Act)
sections 3, 23, 24 and 28
First Column | Second Column | Third Column |
Item No. | Organ or part of the body | Dose |
1. | Gonads | 3 rems |
2. | Red bone marrow | 3 rems |
3. | Whole body radiation exposure | 3 rems |
4. | Skin | 15 rems |
5. | Bone | 15 rems |
6. | Thyroid | 15 rems |
7. | Hands and forearms | 40 rems |
8. | Feet and ankles | 40 rems |
9. | Any other single organ (including lens of the eye) | 8 rems |
10. | Abdomen of women of reproductive capacity | 1.3 rems |
First Column | Second Column | Third Column |
Item No. | Organ or part of the body | Dose |
1. | Gonads | 5 rems |
2. | Red bone marrow | 5 rems |
3. | Whole body radiation exposure | 5 rems |
4. | Skin | 30 rems |
5. | Bone | 30 rems |
6. | Thyroid | 30 rems |
7. | Hands and forearms | 75 rems |
8. | Feet and ankles | 75 rems |
9. | Any other single organ (including lens of the eye) | 15 rems |
sections 38 and 39
First Column | Second Column |
Nuclide | Group |
Actinium 227 | I |
Actinium 228 | II |
Americium 241 | I |
Americium 243 | I |
Antimony 122 | III |
Antimony 124 | III |
Antimony 125 | III |
Argon 37 | III |
Argon 41 | III |
Arsenic 73 | III |
Arsenic 74 | III |
Arsenic 76 | III |
Arsenic 77 | III |
Astatine 211 | III |
Barium 131 | III |
Barium 140 | III |
Berkelium 249 | II |
Beryllium 7 | III |
Bismuth 206 | III |
Bismuth 207 | III |
Bismuth 210 | III |
Bismuth 212 | III |
Bromine 82 | III |
Cadmium 109 | III |
Cadmium 115m | III |
Cadmium 115 | III |
Caesium 131 | III |
Caesium 134m | III |
Caesium 134 | III |
Caesium 135 | III |
Caesium 136 | III |
Caesium 137 | III |
Calcium 45 | III |
Calcium 47 | III |
Californium 249 | I |
Californium 250 | I |
Californium 252 | I |
Carbon 14 | III |
Cerium 141 | III |
Cerium 143 | III |
Cerium 144 | II |
Chlorine 36 | III |
Chlorine 38 | III |
Chromium 51 | III |
Cobalt 57 | III |
Cobalt 58m | III |
Cobalt 58 | III |
Cobalt 60 | III |
Copper 64 | III |
Curium 242 | II |
Curium 243 | I |
Curium 244 | I |
Curium 245 | I |
Curium 246 | I |
Dysprosium 165 | III |
Dysprosium 166 | III |
Erbium 169 | III |
Erbium 171 | III |
Europium 152 (9.2hr) | III |
Europium 152 (13yrs) | III |
Europium 154 | II |
Europium 155 | III |
Fluorine 18 | III |
Gadolinium 153 | III |
Gadolinium 159 | III |
Gallium 72 | III |
Germanium 71 | III |
Gold 196 | III |
Gold 198 | III |
Gold 199 | III |
Hafnium 181 | III |
Holmium 166 | III |
Hydrogen 3 | III |
Indium 113m | III |
Indium 114m | III |
Indium 115m | III |
Indium 115 | III |
Iodine 126 | III |
Iodine 129 | III |
Iodine 131 | III |
Iodine 132 | III |
Iodine 133 | III |
Iodine 134 | III |
Iodine 135 | III |
Iridium 190 | III |
Iridium 192 | III |
Iridium 194 | III |
Iron 55 | III |
Iron 59 | III |
Krypton 85m | III |
Krypton 85 | III |
Krypton 87 | III |
Lanthanum 140 | III |
Lead 203 | III |
Lead 210 | II |
Lead 212 | III |
Lutecium 177 | III |
Manganese 52 | III |
Manganese 54 | III |
Manganese 56 | III |
Mercury 197m | III |
Mercury 197 | III |
Mercury 203 | III |
Molybdenum 99 | III |
Neodymium 144 | III |
Neodymium 147 | III |
Neodymium 149 | III |
Neptunium 237 | I |
Neptunium 239 | III |
Nickel 59 | III |
Nickel 63 | III |
Nickel 65 | III |
Niobium 93m | III |
Niobium 95 | III |
Niobium 97 | III |
Osmium 185 | III |
Osmium 191m | III |
Osmium 191 | III |
Osmium 193 | III |
Palladium 103 | III |
Palladium 109 | III |
Phosphorus 32 | III |
Platinum 191 | III |
Platinum 193 | III |
Platinum 193m | III |
Platinum 197m | III |
Platinum 197 | III |
Plutonium 238 | I |
Plutonium 239 | I |
Plutonium 240 | I |
Plutonium 241 | II |
Plutonium 242 | I |
Polonium 210 | II |
Potassium 42 | III |
Praseodymium 142 | III |
Praseodymium 143 | III |
Promethium 147 | III |
Promethium 149 | III |
Protactinium 230 | II |
Protactinium 231 | I |
Protactinium 233 | III |
Radium 223 | II |
Radium 224 | II |
Radium 226 | I |
Radium 228 | II |
Radon 222 | III |
Radon 221 | II |
Rhenium 183 | III |
Rhenium 186 | III |
Rhenium 187 | III |
Rhenium 188 | III |
Rhenium natural | III |
Rhodium 103m | III |
Rhodium 105 | III |
Rubidium 86 | III |
Rubidium 87 | III |
Rubidium natural | III |
Ruthenium 97 | III |
Ruthenium 103 | III |
Ruthenium 105 | III |
Ruthenium 106 | III |
Samarium 147 | III |
Samarium 151 | III |
Samarium 153 | III |
Scandium 46 | III |
Scandium 48 | III |
Selenium 75 | III |
Silicon 31 | III |
Silver 105 | III |
Silver 110m | III |
Silver 111 | III |
Sodium 22 | III |
Sodium 24 | III |
Strontium 85m | III |
Strontium 85 | III |
Strontium 89 | III |
Strontium 90 | II |
Strontium 91 | III |
Strontium 92 | III |
Sulphur 35 | III |
Tantalum 182 | III |
Technetium 96m | III |
Technetium 96 | III |
Technetium 97m | III |
Technetium 97 | III |
Technetium 99m | III |
Technetium 99 | III |
Tellurium 125m | III |
Tellurium 127m | III |
Tellurium 127 | III |
Tellurium 129m | III |
Tellurium 129 | III |
Tellurium 131m | III |
Tellurium 132 | III |
Terbium 160 | III |
Thallium 200 | III |
Thallium 201 | III |
Thallium 202 | III |
Thallium 204 | III |
Thorium 227 | II |
Thorium 228 | I |
Thorium 230 | I |
Thorium 231 | III |
Thorium 232 | III |
Thorium 234 | III |
Thorium natural | III |
Thulium 170 | III |
Thulium 171 | III |
Tin 113 | III |
Tin 125 | III |
Tungsten 181 | III |
Tungsten 185 | III |
Tungsten 187 | III |
Uranium 230 | II |
Uranium 232 | II |
Uranium 233 | II |
Uranium 234 | II |
Uranium 235 | III |
Uranium 236 | II |
Uranium 238 | III |
Uranium natural | III |
Vanadium 48 | III |
Xenon 131m | III |
Xenon 133 | III |
Xenon 135 | III |
Ytterbium 175 | III |
Yttrium 90 | III |
Yttrium 91m | III |
Yttrium 91 | III |
Yttrium 92 | III |
Yttrium 93 | III |
Zinc 65 | III |
Zinc 69m | III |
Zinc 69 | III |
Zirconium 93 | III |
Zirconium 95 | III |
Zirconium 97 | III |
section 5
GROUP I : | Maximum allowed : | 1 microcurie |
Lead (210) | Radium (226) | |
Actinium (227) | Plutonium (230) | |
Americium (241) | Polonium (219) | |
Astatine (211) | Uranium (233) | |
GROUP II : | Maximum allowed: | 10 microcuries |
Scandium (46) | Cobalt (60) | |
Strontium (90) | Ruthenium (106) | |
Silver (105) | Tellurium (129) | |
Iodine (131) | Caesium (137) | |
Cerium (144) | Europium (154) | |
Tungsten (181) | Rhenium (183) | |
Iridium (192) | ||
GROUP III: | Maximum allowed: | 100 microcuries |
Phosphorus (32) | Chlorine (36) | |
Calcium (45) | Scandium (48) | |
Vanadium (48) | Iron (59) | |
Zinc (65) | Gallium (72) | |
Arsenic (76) | Rubidium (86) | |
Strontium (89) | Yttrium (91) | |
Niobium (95) | Technetium (96) | |
Rhodium (105) | Silver (111) | |
Cadmium (109) | Tin (113) | |
Tellurium (127) | Barium (140) | |
Lanthanum (140) | Praesodymium (143) | |
Samarium (151) | Holmium (166) | |
Thulium (170) | Lutecium (177) | |
Tantalum (182) | Platinum (191) | |
Gold (198) | Thallium (200) | |
Thallium (204) | Lead (203) | |
Thorium (234) | ||
GROUP IV : | Maximum allowed : | 1000 microcuries |
Hydrogen (3) | Beryllium (7) | |
Carbon (14) | Sodium (24) | |
Sulphur (35) | Potassium (42) | |
Chromium (51) | Manganese (56) | |
Iron (55) | Nickel (59) | |
Copper (64) | Germanium (71) | |
Molybdenum (99) | Palladium (103) | |
Promethium (147) | Iridium (190) | |
Gold (196) | Thallium (201) | |
Thallium (202) |
sections 36 and 37
PART I
1. The smallest dimension for any outer container for a radioactive substance is 10 centimetres.
2. A package shall be so designed that it can be easily handled and be properly secured in or on the conveyance during transport.
3. A package of gross mass of 10 kilograms or more up to 50 kilograms shall be provided with means for manual handling.
4. A package of gross weight exceeding 50 kilograms shall be so designed as to enable safe handling by mechanical means.
5. A design does not comply with rules 3 and 4 unless any lifting attachment on the package, when used in the intended manner, does not impose unsafe stresses on the structure of the package.
6. The outer layer of the package shall be such that it does not collect and retain water.
7. The external surfaces of the package shall be designed so that they may be easily decontaminated.
8. The maximum value of radiation originating from a package shall not exceed 200 millirems per hour at any point on the surface of the package or 10 millirems per hour at a distance of 1 metre from the package.
9. A package shall incorporate a seal on the outside which is not readily breakable and which, while intact, indicates that the package has not been opened.
10. A package shall be so designed to withstand the effects of any acceleration, vibration and vibration resonance which may arise during normal transport without any deterioration in the effectiveness of the closing devices in the various receptacles or in the integrity of the package as a whole.
11. The nuts, bolts and other securing devices shall be so designed as to prevent them from becoming loose or being released unintentionally, even after repeated use.
12. A package shall include in its design a containment system securely closed by a positive fastening device which cannot be opened unintentionally or by pressure which may arise within the package.
13. A package of which the outer component of a containment system forms a separate unit shall be capable of being securely closed by a fastening device that is independent of any other part of the package.
14. The materials of a package and its components or structures shall be physically and chemically compatible with each other and with the contents of the package.
15. The design of any component of the containment system shall take into account any likely radiolytic decomposition of liquids and other vulnerable materials and the generation of gas by chemical reaction and radiolysis.
16. The containment system shall retain its radioactive contents under the reduction of ambient pressure to 0.25 kilograms per square centimetre.
17. All valves other than pressure relief valves through which the radioactive contents could otherwise escape shall be protected against unauthorized operation and shall be provided with an enclosure to retain any leakage from the valve.
18. A radiation shield which encloses a component of a package specified as part of the containment system shall be so designed as to prevent the unintentional release of the component from the shield. Where the radiation shield and the component within it forms a separate unit, the radiation shield shall be capable of being securely closed by a fastening device which is independent of any other package structure.
19. A tie-down attachment on a package shall be so designed that, under both normal and accident conditions, the forces in those attachments will not impair the ability of the package to meet the requirements of this Schedule.
PART II
20. A package and a container shall display at least 2 appropriate labels as prescribed in this Part of this Schedule according to the category into which the package or the container falls.
21.(1) A package or a container falls into Category I when the radiation level originating from the package or any package within the container at any time during normal transport does not exceed 0.5 millirem per hour at any location on the external surface of the package.
(2) The appropriate label for packages falling in Category I –
(a) shall have a white background;
(b) shall be in the form of Figure 2 in Schedule 2;
(c) shall display the colours indicated in that Schedule for the lettering and designs in that figure; and
(d) shall comply with the dimensions indicated in that Schedule for that figure.
22.(1) A package falls into Category II when the radiation level originating from the package, at any time during normal transport, exceeds 0.5 millirem per hour but does not exceed 50 millirems per hour at any location on the external surface of the package and the maximum radiation level does not exceed one millirem per hour at one metre from the external surface of the package.
(2) A container falls into Category II when it contains at least one package falling into Category II and the maximum level of radiation does not exceed one millirem per hour at a distance of one metre from the container.
(3) The appropriate label for packages and containers falling into Category II –
(a) shall have a yellow background;
(b) shall be in the form of Figure 3 in Schedule 2;
(c) shall display the colour indicated in that Schedule for the lettering and designs in that figure; and
(d) shall comply with the dimensions indicated in that Schedule for that figure.
23.(1) A package falls into Category III when the radiation level originating from the package at any time during normal transport exceeds 50 millirems per hour but does not exceed 200 millirems per hour at any location on the external surface of the package.
(2) A container falls into Category III –
(a) when at any time during normal transport the radiation level exceeds 1 millirem per hour at a distance of 1 metre from the external surface of the freight container; or
(b) when the radiation level exceeds 200 millirems per hour but does not exceed 1000 millirems per hour at any location on the external surface of the container and the transportation is carried out under the conditions specified in section 45.
(3) The appropriate label for Category III packages and containers –
(a) shall have a yellow background;
(b) shall be in the form of Figure 3 in Schedule 2;
(c) shall display the colour indicated in that Schedule for the lettering and designs in that figure; and
(d) shall comply with the dimensions indicated in that Schedule for that figure.
24. Labels shall be fixed on 2 opposite sides of the outside of the package or container.
25. Each label shall be completed before despatch by marking on it where indicated in the figures in the Schedule the information relating to the contents and the radioactivity of the contents.
26. A package of gross mass exceeding 50 kilograms shall have its gross mass plainly and durably marked outside of the package.
27.(1) A package that conforms to a type A package design shall be plainly and durably marked on the outside of the package "Type A".
(2) A package that conforms to a type B package design shall be plainly and durably marked "Type B" and shall have the outside of the outermost receptacle which is resistant to fire and water plainly marked (by embossing, stamping or by using some other means of producing a mark resistant to fire and water) with a symbol in the form of Figure 1 in Schedule 2.
28. A package containing a radioactive substance which has additional hazardous characteristics shall carry additional labels to indicate those characteristics.
1 KEY
Key to abbreviations
2 LIST OF LEGISLATION
Assent date | 23 August 1978 | |
Commenced | 1 February 1980 ( | |
Assent date | 21 December 1978 | |
Commenced | 1 January 1979 (s 2) | |
Assent date | 15 October 1979 | |
Commenced | 15 October 1979 | |
Assent date | 8 October 1982 | |
Commenced | 8 October 1982 | |
Assent date | 28 November 1983 | |
Commenced | 1 January 1984 (s 2, s 2 | |
Assent date | 11 April 1997 | |
Commenced | s 16: 10 December 1997; rem: 1 May 1997 ( | |
Assent date | 19 May 1999 | |
Commenced | 15 September 1999 ( | |
3 LIST OF AMENDMENTS
lt amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
ss 1 – 2 amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
s 3 amd No. 122, 1978, s 77; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17; No. 22, 1999, s 4
s 4 amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
s 5 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 6 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78
sub No. 128, 1979, s 28
amd No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 7 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 8 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17
ss 9 – 10 amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
s 11 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 12 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 14 amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
s 15 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 16 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 17 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 19 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 20 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78
s 22 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17; No. 22, 1999, s 5
s 24 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 25 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 26 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 27 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 28 amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
s 30 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 31 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 32 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 33 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 34 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
pt V hdg sub No. 2, 1999, s 6
s 35 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
sub No. 2, 1999, s 6
s 36 amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
sub No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 37 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
sub No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 38 amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 39 rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 40 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
ss 41 – 44 rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 45 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 46 rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 47 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 48 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 49 amd No. 122, 1978, s 79; No. 17, 1997, s 17
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 50 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 51 amd No. 122, 1978, ss 78 and 80; No. 17, 1997, s 17
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 52 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
rep No. 22, 1999, s 6
s 53 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 17, 1997, s 17
s 54 amd No. 54, 1982, s 2
sub No. 22, 1999, s 7
s 54A ins No. 68, 1983, s 28
amd No. 22, 1999, s 8
s 55 amd No. 122, 1978, s 78; No. 54, 1982, s 2; No. 17, 1997, s 17
sub No. 22, 1999, s 9
ss 55A –
55D ins No. 22, 1999, s 9
s 56 amd No. 122, 1978, s 81; No. 54, 1982, s 2
0
0
0