Part 61 Manual of Standards Instrument 2014 (Cth)
Part 61 Manual of Standards (MOS) (as amended)
made under regulations 11.068 and 61.035 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 and section 4 of the Acts Interpretation Act 1901.
This compilation was prepared on 18 May 2021 taking into account amendments up to Part 61 Manual of Standards Amendment Instrument 2021 (No. 2). It is a compilation of the Part 61 Manual of Standards (MOS) as amended and in force on 18 May 2021.
Prepared by the Advisory & Drafting Branch, Legal, International & Regulatory Affairs Division, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Canberra.
Compilation No. 5.
Part 61 Manual of Standards Instrument 2014
1 Name of instrument
1.1 This instrument is the Part 61 Manual of Standards for Part 61 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations1998 (CASR 1998).
1.2 This instrument is called the Part 61 Manual of Standards Instrument 2014.
1.3 In this instrument, unless the contrary intention appears, a reference to “this MOS” or “the MOS” means the Part 61 Manual of Standards Instrument 2014.
3 Scope
Under regulation 61.035 of CASR 1998, and for Part 61 of CASR 1998, this MOS sets out matters relating to:
(a) flight crew licences, ratings and endorsements; and
(b) the use of an ACAS; and
(c) aeronautical radio operations; and
(d) aeroplane taxiing; and
(e) conditions on flight examiner ratings.
4 Condition on flight examiner ratings
For paragraph 98 (5A) (1) (a) and subsection 98 (5D) of the Civil Aviation Act 1988, and regulation 11.068 of CASR 1998, it is a condition on the following:
(a) a flight examiner rating;
(b) an approval under regulation 61.040 to conduct a flight test or a proficiency check;
issued before or after this MOS, that when conducting a flight test or a proficiency check the holder of the rating, or of the approval, must comply with the requirements of, and take into account the recommendations in, the Flight Examiner Handbook as in force and published on the CASA website at the time of the flight test or proficiency check.
5 Definitions
5.1 In this MOS, unless the contrary intention appears:
cell, for a column of a table in a Schedule of this instrument, means each individual, undivided unit into which the column is subdivided.
in accordance with published procedures, for carrying out an activity in relation to an aircraft, means carrying out the activity in accordance with the applicable requirements (if any) set out in each of the following:
(a) the aircraft flight manual;
(b) the aircraft operator’s operations manual;
(c) the Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP);
(d) another operational document applicable to the activity that is approved in writing by CASA or the operator.
5.2 In this MOS, unless the contrary intention appears, an abbreviation has the meaning given to it by the Dictionary of abbreviations in Schedule 1A.
5.3 Unless the contrary intention appears, if an abbreviation used in this MOS is not given a meaning under Schedule 1A, the abbreviation has the meaning that is given to it by the prevalent usage, custom and practice of the aviation industry.
5.4 To avoid doubt, in this MOS neither a unit code nor an examination code is an abbreviation within the meaning of subsection 5.2 or 5.3.
5.5 Unless the contrary intention appears, a reference in this instrument to a numbered provision that commences with the number 61 is a reference to the provision of that number in Part 61 of CASR 1998.
5.6 Unless the contrary intention appears, if a Schedule to this MOS contains matter that is expressly described as being for guidance only, then, despite the matter being in the Schedule, the matter is not part of the Schedule.
Note Subsection 5.6 is intended to allow the Tables of Contents for Schedules to retain their status as guidance material only which may be varied editorially, including for any subsequent compilations.
6 Recreational pilot licences — general English language proficiency standard
6.1 The general English language proficiency standard is as set out in Section 1 of Schedule 2.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 2 to find the general English language proficiency standards.
6.2 The assessment mentioned in subclause 5.1.1 of Section 1 of Schedule 2, and the requirement specified in subclause 5.1.2, are each part of the standard.
6.3 The general English language proficiency tests are as set out in paragraph 5.1.2 (f) of Section 1 of Schedule 2.
6.4 For subsection 6.3, achieving the minimum grade specified for each test is part of each test.
7 Aviation English language proficiency standards and maintenance of English language proficiency
7.1 The aviation English language proficiency standard is as set out in Section 1 of Schedule 2.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 2 to find the aviation English language proficiency standards.
7.2 The ICAO level 4, level 5 and level 6 aviation English language proficiency standards (rating scales) are as set out in Section 2 of Schedule 8.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 8 to find the ICAO level 4, level 5 and level 6 aviation English language proficiency standards (rating scales).
8 Units of competency for flight training, use of ACAS, aeronautical radio operations, and taxiing
8.1 The units of competency for each of the following matters are as set out in the Appendix of a Section in Schedule 1 that is for the particular matter:
(a) a flight crew licence with an aircraft category rating, a flight crew rating on a licence, or an endorsement on a rating;
(b) a design feature endorsement or a flight activity endorsement;
(c) use of an ACAS;
(d) an aeronautical radio operator certificate;
(e) a certificate of competency for taxiing aeroplanes of a particular class or type rating.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 1 to find the reference to any particular matter listed in paragraphs (a) to (e) above.
8.2 For an Appendix mentioned in subsection 8.1, each unit of competency mentioned in a cell in column 2 of the practical flight standards table in the Appendix (the unit of competency) has the unit code mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 1 (the unit code).
8.3 For subsection 8.2, the requirements of the unit of competency are set out in the document whose unit code is mentioned in the cell in column 1 that corresponds to the unit of competency.
8.4 For subsection 8.3, the unit coded document containing the requirements of the unit of competency is the document in Schedule 2 which has the same unit code.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 2 for an alphabetical list of unit codes.
8.5 The competency required of a person by each unit of competency mentioned in Schedule 2 (the unit) is the ability to do the following:
(a) perform each of the elements mentioned in clause 2 of the unit:
(i) according to the performance criteria mentioned for the element; and
(ii) within the range of variables mentioned in clause 3 for the unit; and
(iii) for practical flight — within the flight tolerances mentioned in the table in Section 1 of Schedule 8 that is for the category of aircraft (where applicable) and for the licence or rating; and
(b) demonstrate the underpinning knowledge for each unit, as mentioned in clause 4 of the unit.
Note A unit of competency in Schedule 2 usually comprises: (1) the unit description, (2) its elements and performance criteria, (3) the range of variables across which these criteria are to be applied, and (4) the minimum underpinning knowledge for (2) and (3).
9 Other approved courses
RESERVED (CASR 61.040 and 61.210)
10 Aeronautical knowledge standards
10.1 The aeronautical knowledge standards for a flight crew licence with an aircraft category rating, a flight crew rating on a licence or an endorsement on a rating are as set out in the Appendix of a Section in Schedule 1 that is for the licence, rating or endorsement.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 1 to find any particular licence, rating or endorsement.
10.2 For an Appendix mentioned in subsection 10.1, each unit of knowledge mentioned in a cell in column 2 of an aeronautical knowledge standards table in the Appendix (the unit of knowledge) has the unit code mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 1 (the unit code).
10.3 For subsection 10.2, the requirements of the unit of knowledge are set out in the document whose unit code is mentioned in the cell in column 1 that corresponds to the unit of knowledge.
10.4 For subsection 10.3, the unit coded document containing the requirements of a unit of knowledge is the document in Schedule 3 which has the same unit code.
10.5 The standard of knowledge required of a person by each unit of knowledge mentioned in Schedule 3 is the ability to demonstrate, to the appropriate level, knowledge of the elements, topics and specific content described in each clause of the unit.
10.6 For subsection 10.5:
(a) an element, generally identifying a knowledge area within the unit of knowledge, is indicated in bold, underlined print, and numbered as a clause; and
(b) a topic (if any), further defining a knowledge area within an element, is indicated in bold print and numbered as a subclause; and
(c) specific content, describing in detail the relevant content of the topic (if any), or the element, is indicated in plain print and numbered as subclauses, paragraphs, subparagraphs and sub-subparagraphs as the case may be.
11 Aeronautical knowledge examinations, pass standards and time
11.1 The aeronautical knowledge examinations for a flight crew licence with an aircraft category rating, a flight crew rating on a licence, or an endorsement on a rating are as set out in the table in the Section of Schedule 4 that is for the licence, rating or endorsement (the table).
11.2 For subsection 11.1, the examination for each examination subject mentioned in a cell in column 2 of the table (the subject) has the examination code, the pass standard and the time limit mentioned in the cell in column 1, column 3 and column 4 (respectively) of the table that corresponds to the subject.
Note The examination codes mentioned in the cells in column 1 of the table are for examination administration purposes only.
12 Flight tests — competency standards
12.1 In this section, references to a “flight examiner” are taken to include the following when conducting a flight test:
(a) CASA;
(b) the holder of an approval under regulation 61.040 to conduct the flight test.
12.2 The competency standards for a flight test for a flight crew licence with an aircraft category rating, a flight crew rating on a licence, or an endorsement on a rating are as set out in the Appendix in Schedule 5 that is for the licence, rating or endorsement flight test.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 5 to find the reference to any particular flight test.
12.3 For subsection 12.2, the competency standards for a flight test mentioned in an Appendix in Schedule 5 comprise the following:
(a) the flight test requirements mentioned in the Appendix for the test;
(b) the knowledge requirements mentioned in the Appendix for the test;
(c) the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in the Appendix for the test, but:
(i) subject to the operational scope and conditions mentioned in the Appendix for the test; and
(ii) within the flight tolerances mentioned in the table in Section 1 of Schedule 8 that is for the category of aircraft (where applicable) and for the licence, rating or endorsement.
Note For subparagraph (c) (ii), the aircraft category is identified in the title of the relevant table in Schedule 8, and the licence, rating or endorsement is identified in the “Applicability” clause of the relevant table.
12.4 For paragraph 12.3 (c), when conducting a flight test, the flight examiner must determine if an applicant has demonstrated the required competency in the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in the relevant Appendix for the test.
12.5 For subsection 12.4, for each of the activities and manoeuvres, the required competency must be demonstrated by reference to the flight examiner’s representative sample of competency standards for the relevant activity or manoeuvre.
12.6 For subsection 12.5, the representative sample of competency standards must be chosen from the units of competency in Schedule 2 that are relevant to the activity or manoeuvre.
12.7 For subsection 12.6, the relevant units of competency in Schedule 2 from which the representative sample of competency standards must be drawn, are identified in the Note accompanying the description of each activity or manoeuvre.
Note 1 The respective Notes refer to the unit codes of the relevant units of competency in Schedule 2. See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 2 for an alphabetical list of unit codes.
Note 2 For flight training, the applicant must have met the competency standard in each relevant unit of competency in Schedule 2, in accordance with subsection 8.5 of this MOS. For a flight test, the applicant must demonstrate, in the range of activities and manoeuvres mentioned in Schedule 5, competency against the flight examiner’s representative sample of the competency standards in these units of competency. For a flight test, the competency required of a person by a unit of competency does not require specific testing of the underpinning knowledge in Schedule 2.
13 Proficiency checks — competency standards
13.1 In this section, references to a “flight examiner” are taken to include the following when conducting a proficiency check:
(a) CASA;
(b) the holder of an approval under regulation 61.040 to conduct the proficiency check.
13.2 The competency standards for a proficiency check for a flight crew rating on a licence, or an endorsement on a rating are as set out in the Appendix in Schedule 6 that is for the rating proficiency check.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 6 to find the reference to any particular proficiency check.
13.3 For subsection 13.2, the competency standards for a proficiency check mentioned in an Appendix in Schedule 6 comprise the following:
(a) the proficiency check requirements mentioned in the Appendix for the check;
(b) the knowledge requirements mentioned in the Appendix for the check;
(c) the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in the Appendix for the check, but:
(i) subject to the operational scope and conditions mentioned in the Appendix for the check; and
(ii) within the flight tolerances mentioned in the table in Section 1 of Schedule 8 that is for the category of aircraft (where applicable) and for the flight crew rating.
Note For subparagraph (c) (ii), the aircraft category is identified in the title of the relevant table in Schedule 8, and the rating is identified in the “Applicability” clause of the relevant table.
13.4 For paragraph 13.3 (c), when conducting a proficiency check, the flight examiner must determine if an applicant has demonstrated the required competency in the activities and manoeuvres mentioned in the relevant Appendix for the check.
13.5 For subsection 13.4, for each of the activities and manoeuvres, the required competency must be demonstrated by reference to the flight examiner’s representative sample of competency standards for the relevant activity or manoeuvre.
13.6 For subsection 13.5, the representative sample of competency standards must be chosen from the units of competency in Schedule 2 that are relevant to the activity or manoeuvre.
13.7 For subsection 13.6, the relevant units of competency in Schedule 2 from which the representative sample of competency standards must be drawn are identified in the Note accompanying the description of each activity or manoeuvre.
Note For a proficiency check, the applicant must demonstrate, in the range of activities and manoeuvres mentioned in Schedule 6, competency against the flight examiner’s representative sample of the competency standards in these units of competency. For a proficiency check, the competency required of a person by a unit of competency does not require specific checking of the underpinning knowledge in Schedule 2.
14 Flight reviews — competency standards
14.1 The competency standards for a flight review for a flight crew rating on a licence are as set out in the Appendix in Schedule 7 that is for the rating flight review.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 7 to find the reference to any particular flight review.
14.2 For subsection 14.1, the competency standards for a flight review mentioned in an Appendix in Schedule 7 comprise the following:
(a) the flight review requirements mentioned in the Appendix for the flight review;
(b) the knowledge requirements mentioned in the Appendix for the flight review;
(c) the practical flight standards mentioned in the Appendix for the flight review, but within the flight tolerances mentioned in the table in Section 1 of Schedule 8 that is for the category of aircraft (where applicable) and for the rating.
Note For paragraph (c), the aircraft category is identified in the title of the relevant table in Schedule 8, and the rating is identified in the “Applicability” clause of the relevant table.
14.3 For an Appendix mentioned in subsection 14.1, each unit of competency mentioned in a cell in column 2 of the practical flight standards table in the Appendix (the unit of competency) has the unit code mentioned in the corresponding cell in column 1 (the unit code), subject to the modification (if any) specified in column 3.
14.4 For subsection 14.3, the requirements of the unit of competency are set out in the document whose unit code is mentioned in the cell in column 1 that corresponds to the unit of competency.
14.5 For subsection 14.4, the unit coded document containing the requirements of the unit of competency is the document in Schedule 2 which has the same unit code.
Note See the Table of Contents at the front of Schedule 2 for an alphabetical list of unit codes.
14.6 For a flight review, the competency required of a person by each relevant unit of competency mentioned in Schedule 2 (the unit) is the ability to perform each of the elements mentioned in clause 2 of the unit, according to the performance criteria mentioned for the element, within the range of variables mentioned in clause 3 for the unit, but subject to the modifications (if any) specified in column 3 of the practical flight standards table in Schedule 7.
Note For a flight review, the competency required of a person by a unit of competency does not require specific testing of the underpinning knowledge in Schedule 2.
15 CPL(H) training — applicants under paragraph 61.615 (1B) (b) who have not completed integrated training
For paragraph 61.615 (1B) (b), an applicant for the commercial pilot licence (helicopter) (CPL(H)), who has not completed an integrated training course, must complete training in accordance with the requirements specified in Schedule 9.
Schedule 1A Dictionary of abbreviations
| Abbreviation | Meaning |
| ACAS | Airborne collision avoidance system |
| ACN | Aircraft classification number |
| AD | Aerodrome |
| ADC | Air data computer |
| ADF | Automatic direction finder |
| ADIZ | Air defence identification zones. |
| AEL | Aviation English language |
| AFCS | Automatic flight control system |
| AFM | Aircraft flight manual |
| AFOR | Area forecast |
| AGL | Above ground level |
| AIC | Aeronautical information circular |
| AIP | Aeronautical information package |
| AIREP | Air report |
| AK | General aeronautical knowledge |
| ALA | Aerodromes and aeroplane landing areas |
| ALC | Approved load controlled |
| ALT | Altitude |
| AMP | Aerial application management plan |
| ANP | Actual navigation performance |
| AOA | Angle of attack |
| AOC | Air operator’s certificate |
| AOM | Aerodrome operating manual |
| AP | Auto pilot |
| APU | Auxiliary power unit |
| ARS | Attitude retention system |
| ASI | Air speed indicator |
| AT | Auto throttle |
| ATC | Air traffic control |
| ATIS | Aerodrome terminal information service |
| ATPL | Air transport pilot licence |
| ATS | Air traffic service |
| AUW | All up weight |
| AVADS | Auto voice activated decision system |
| BAK | Basic aeronautical knowledge |
| BHP | Brake horsepower |
| CAAP | Civil Aviation Advisory Publication |
| CAO | Civil Aviation Order |
| CAS | Calibrated air speed |
| CASA | Civil Aviation Safety Authority |
| CASR 1998 | Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 |
| CAT | Clear air turbulence |
| CBT | Computer-based test |
| CDFA | Continuous descent flight angle |
| CDI | Course deviation indicator |
| CDP | Climb descent procedure |
| CG | Centre of gravity |
| CHT | Cylinder head temperature |
| CP | Critical point |
| CPL | Commercial pilot licence |
| CRM | Crew resource management |
| CSU | Constant speed unit |
| CTA | Controlled airspace |
| CTAF | Common traffic advisory frequency |
| CTR | Control zone |
| CVR | Cockpit voice recorder |
| DA | Density altitude |
| DALR | Dry adiabatic lapse rate |
| DAME | Designated aviation medical examiner |
| DAP | Departure and approach |
| DFDR | Digital flight data recorder |
| DFE | Design feature endorsement |
| DME | Distance measuring equipment |
| EAS | Equivalent air speed |
| EET | Estimated elapsed time |
| EFIS | Electronic flight instrument system |
| EGT | Exhaust gas temperature |
| EICAS | Engine indication and crew alerting system |
| ELR | Environmental lapse rate |
| EPR | Engine pressure ratio |
| EPT | Effective performance time |
| ERC | En route chart |
| ERSA | En route supplement Australia |
| ETA | Estimated time of arrival |
| ETD | Estimated time of departure |
| ETI | Estimated time interval |
| ETOPS | Extended range twin operations |
| ETP | Equi-time point |
| FAE | Flight activity endorsement |
| FAF | Final approach fix |
| FD | Flight director |
| FIA | Flight information area |
| FIR | Flight information region |
| FMS | Flight management systems |
| FSTD | Flight simulation training device |
| g | Gravitational force |
| GAL | Gallon |
| G-LOC | G-induced loss of consciousness |
| GNSS | Global navigation satellite system |
| GPU | Ground power unit |
| GPWS | Ground proximity warning systems |
| GS | Ground speed |
| HDG | Heading |
| HF | High frequency |
| HLS | Helicopter landing site |
| HPAV | Horse power available |
| HPREQ | Horse power required |
| HUMS | Health usage monitoring system |
| H-V | Height-velocity |
| IAF | Initial approach fix |
| IAL | Instrument approach and landing |
| IAP | Instrument approach procedure |
| IAS | Indicated air speed |
| ICAO | International Civil Aviation Organization |
| ICTZ | Inter-tropical convergence zone |
| IELTS | International English language testing system |
| IFR | Instrument flight rules |
| ILS | Instrument landing system |
| IMC | Instrument metrological conditions |
| INS | Inertial navigation system |
| ISA | International standard atmosphere |
| IVSI | Instantaneous vertical speed indicator |
| JPT | Jet pipe temperature |
| KDR | Knowledge deficiency report |
| KG | Kilogram |
| KIAS | Knots indicated air speed |
| LA | Landing area |
| LB | Pound |
| LDA | Landing distance available |
| LDP | Landing decision point |
| LDR | Landing distance required |
| LG | Landing gear |
| LLZ | Localizer |
| LMT | Local mean time |
| LNAV | Lateral navigation |
| LPV | Localiser precision with vertical guidance |
| LRC | Long range cruise |
| LSALT | Lowest safe altitude |
| LSB | Lower side band |
| LTE | Loss of tail rotor effectiveness |
| LTR | Litre |
| LVC | Live, virtual and constructive (simulators) |
| MAC | Mean aerodynamic chord |
| MAPt | Missed approach point |
| MDA | Minimum descent altitude |
| MEL | Minimum equipment list |
| Met | Meteorology |
| MF | Medium frequency |
| MLS | Microwave landing system |
| MLW | Maximum landing weight |
| MOS | Manual of Standards |
| MP | Manifold pressure |
| MPL | Multi-crew pilot licence |
| MSA | Minimum sector altitude |
| MSL | Mean sea level |
| MTOW | Maximum take-off weight |
| MZW | Mid-zone weight |
| NDB | Non-directional beacon |
| NGT | Night |
| NM | Nautical mile |
| NOTAM | Notice to Airmen |
| NPA | Non precision approach |
| NVFR | Night visual flight rules |
| NVG | Night vision goggles |
| NVIS | Night vision imaging system |
| OAT | Outside air temperature |
| OCTA | Outside controlled airspace |
| OEI | One engine inoperative |
| OGE | Out of ground effect |
| OH&S | Occupational health and safety |
| PAL | Pilot-activated lighting |
| PAPI | Precision approach path indicator |
| PBN | Performance based navigation |
| PCN | Pavement classification number |
| PEC | Pressure error correction |
| PF | Pilot flying |
| PIF | Private instrument flight |
| PIFR | Private IFR rating |
| PIO | Pilot induced oscillation |
| PM | Pilot monitoring |
| PNR | Point of no return |
| POH | Pilot operating handbook |
| PPL | Private pilot licence |
| PRD | Prohibited/restricted/danger areas |
| PUS | Permissible unserviceability |
| RA | Resolution advisory |
| RAF | Relative air flow |
| RAIM | Receiver autonomous integrity monitoring |
| RFM | Rotorcraft flight manual |
| RMI | Remote magnetic indicator |
| RNAV | Route navigation |
| RNP | Required navigation performance |
| ROC | Rate of climb |
| ROD | Rate of descent |
| RPL | Recreational pilot licence |
| RPM | Revolutions per minute |
| RRPM | Rotor rpm |
| RT | Radio transmission |
| RVR | Runway visual range |
| RVSM | Reduced vertical separation minima |
| SALR | Saturated adiabatic lapse rate |
| SAR | Search and rescue |
| SARTIME | Search and rescue time |
| SARWATCH | Search and rescue watch |
| SAS | Stability augmentation system |
| SID | Standard instrument departure |
| SIGWX | Significant weather |
| SOP | Standard operating procedures |
| SSB | Single side band |
| SSR | Secondary surveillance radar |
| STAR | Standard arrival route |
| TA | Traffic advisory |
| TAF | Terminal area forecast |
| TAS | True air speed |
| TAT | Total air temperature |
| TCAS | Traffic collision avoidance system |
| TEM | Threat error management |
| TGT | Turbine gas temperature |
| THP | Thrust horsepower |
| TIT | Turbine inlet temperature |
| TMG | Track made good |
| TODA | Take-off distance available |
| TODR | Take-off distance required |
| TOEFL CBT | Test of English as a foreign language computer-based test |
| TOEFL IBT | Test of English as a foreign language internet-based test |
| TOEFL PB | Test of English as a foreign language paper-based test |
| TOEIC | Test of English for international communication |
| TR | Track |
| TTF | Trend type forecast |
| TWS | Take-off warning system |
| UAS | Undesired aircraft states |
| UHF | Ultra high frequency |
| USB | Upper side band |
| UTC | Universal time coordinate |
| VASI | Visual approach slope indicator |
| VFR | Visual flight rules |
| VHF | Very high frequency |
| VIS | Visibility |
| VMC | Visual metrological conditions |
| VMO | Velocity maximum operating |
| VNAV | Vertical navigation |
| VNE | Velocity never exceed |
| VNO | Velocity normal operating |
| VOLMET | Metrological information for aircraft in flight |
| VOR | Very high-frequency omni-directional range |
| VS | Vertical speed |
| VSI | Vertical speed indicator |
| VTC | Visual terminal chart |
| W/V | Wind velocity |
| WAAS | Wide area augmentation system |
| WAC | World aeronautical chart |
| WX | Weather |
| ZFW | Zero fuel weight |
Schedule 1 Directory of units of competency and units of knowledge
The following Table of Contents and Index of Competency Unit codes are for guidance only and are not part of the Schedule.
Table of Contents
Index to Competency Unit Codes
Section B General
Appendix B.1 General English language proficiency
Appendix B.2 Aviation English language proficiency
Appendix B.3 Multi-crew cooperation (MCC)
Appendix B.4 Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
Appendix B.5 Aeronautical radio operator (CASR Part 64)
Section G Recreational pilot licence (RPL)
Appendix G.1 Aeroplane category rating (RPL)
Appendix G.2 Helicopter category rating (RPL)
Appendix G.3 Gyroplane category rating (RPL) – Reserved
Appendix G.4 Airship category rating (RPL) – Reserved
Appendix G.5 Controlled aerodrome endorsement
Appendix G.6 Controlled airspace endorsement
Appendix G.7 Flight radio endorsement
Appendix G.8 Recreational navigation endorsement
Section H Private pilot licence (PPL)
Appendix H.1 Aeroplane category rating (PPL)
Appendix H.2 Helicopter category rating (PPL) — Integrated training
Appendix H.2A Helicopter category rating (PPL) — Non-integrated training
Appendix H.3 Powered-lift category rating (PPL) – Reserved
Appendix H.4 Gyroplane category rating (PPL) – Reserved
Appendix H.5 Airship category rating (PPL) – Reserved
Section I Commercial pilot licence (CPL)
Appendix I.1 Aeroplane category rating (CPL)
Appendix I.2 Helicopter category rating (CPL) — Integrated training
Appendix I.2A Helicopter category rating (CPL) — Non-integrated training
Appendix I.3 Powered-lift category rating (CPL) – Reserved
Appendix I.4 Gyroplane category rating (CPL) – Reserved
Appendix I.5 Airship category rating (CPL) – Reserved
Section J Multi crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
Appendix J.1 Aeroplane category rating (MPL)
Section K Air transport pilot licence (ATPL)
Appendix K.1 Aeroplane category rating (ATPL)
Appendix K.2 Helicopter category rating (ATPL)
Appendix K.3 Powered-lift category rating (ATPL) – Reserved
Section L Aircraft ratings and endorsements
Appendix L.1 Single-engine aeroplane class rating
Appendix L.2 Single-engine helicopter class rating
Appendix L.3 Single-engine gyroplane class rating
Appendix L.4 Multi-engine aeroplane class rating
Appendix L.5 Tailwheel undercarriage endorsement
Appendix L.6 Retractable undercarriage endorsement
Appendix L.7 Manual propeller pitch control endorsement
Appendix L.8 Gas turbine engine endorsement
Appendix L.9 Multi-engine Centreline thrust endorsement
Appendix L.10 Pressurisation system endorsement
Appendix L.11 Floating hull endorsement
Appendix L.12 Floatplane endorsement
Appendix L.13 Float alighting gear endorsement
Appendix L.14 Single-engine aeroplane type rating
Appendix L.15 Single-engine helicopter type rating
Appendix L.16 Multi-engine aeroplane type rating
Appendix L.17 Multi-engine helicopter type rating
Appendix L.18 Cruise relief aeroplane type rating
Section M Instrument rating and endorsements
Appendix M.1 Instrument rating
Appendix M.2 Single-engine aeroplane instrument endorsement
Appendix M.3 Multi-engine aeroplane instrument endorsement
Appendix M.4 Single-engine helicopter instrument endorsement
Appendix M.5 Multi-engine helicopter instrument endorsement
Appendix M.6 Powered-lift aircraft instrument endorsement – Reserved
Appendix M.7 Gyroplane instrument endorsement – Reserved
Appendix M.8 Airship instrument endorsement – Reserved
Appendix M.9 IAP 2D instrument endorsement
Appendix M.10 IAP 3D instrument endorsement
Section N Private instrument ratings and endorsements
Appendix N.1 Private instrument ratings (PIFR)
Appendix N.2 Single-engine aeroplane private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.3 Multi-engine aeroplane private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.4 Single-engine helicopter private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.5 Multi-engine helicopter private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.6 Navigation – NDB private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.7 Navigation – VOR/LLZ private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.8 Navigation – GNSS private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.9 Departure – Single-engine aircraft private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.10 Departure – Multi-engine aeroplane private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.11 Departure – Multi-engine helicopter private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.12 Standard instrument departure private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.13 STAR private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.14 Approach – NDB private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.15 Approach – VOR/LLZ private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.16 Approach – DME or GNSS Arrival private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.17 Approach – RNP APCH 2D private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.18 Approach – RNP APCH 3D private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.19 Approach – ILS private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.20 Approach and landing – multi-engine aeroplane private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.21 Approach and landing – multi-engine helicopter private instrument endorsement
Appendix N.22 Night private instrument endorsement
Section O Night VFR (NVFR) rating and endorsements
Appendix O.1 NVFR rating
Appendix O.2 Single-engine aeroplane NVFR endorsement
Appendix O.3 Multi-engine aeroplane NVFR endorsement
Appendix O.4 Helicopter NVFR endorsement
Appendix O.5 Powered-lift aircraft NVFR endorsement – Reserved
Appendix O.6 Gyroplane NVFR endorsement
Appendix O.7 Airship NVFR endorsement – Reserved
Section P Night vision imaging system (NVIS) rating and endorsements
Appendix P.1 NVIS rating
Appendix P.2 Grade 1 NVIS endorsement
Appendix P.3 Grade 2 NVIS endorsement
Section Q Low-level rating and endorsements
Appendix Q.0 Low-level rating
Appendix Q.1 Aeroplane low-level endorsement
Appendix Q.2 Helicopter low-level endorsement
Appendix Q.3 Powered-lift aircraft low-level endorsement – Reserved
Appendix Q.4 Gyroplane low-level endorsement
Appendix Q.5 Aerial mustering – aeroplane endorsement
Appendix Q.6 Aerial mustering – helicopter endorsement
Appendix Q.7 Aerial mustering – gyroplane endorsement – Reserved
Appendix Q.8 Sling operations endorsement
Appendix Q.9 Winch and rappelling operations endorsement
Section R Aerial application rating and endorsements
Appendix R.0 Aerial application rating
Appendix R.1 Aeroplane aerial application endorsement
Appendix R.2 Helicopter aerial application endorsement
Appendix R.3 Gyroplane aerial application endorsement
Appendix R.4 Aeroplane firefighting endorsement
Appendix R.5 Helicopter firefighting endorsement
Appendix R.6 Night aeroplane aerial application endorsement
Appendix R.7 Night helicopter aerial application endorsement
Appendix R.8 Night gyroplane aerial application endorsement
Section S Flight activity endorsements
Appendix S.1 Aerobatics flight activity endorsement
Appendix S.2 Aerobatics (1,500) flight activity endorsement
Appendix S.3 Aerobatics (1,000) flight activity endorsement
Appendix S.4 Aerobatics (500) flight activity endorsement
Appendix S.5 Aerobatics (unlimited) flight activity endorsement
Appendix S.6 Formation flying (aeroplane) flight activity endorsement
Appendix S.7 Formation aerobatics flight activity endorsement
Appendix S.8 Spinning flight activity endorsement
Appendix S.9 Formation flying (helicopter) flight activity endorsement
Section T Pilot instructor rating and endorsements
Appendix T.01 Flight instructor ratings
Appendix T.02 Simulator instructor rating
Appendix T.1 Grade 1 training endorsement
Appendix T.2 Grade 2 training endorsement
Appendix T.3 Grade 3 training endorsement
Appendix T.3A Grade 3 training endorsement (aeroplane)
Appendix T.4 Multi-crew pilot training endorsement
Appendix T.5 Type rating training endorsement (type specific)
Appendix T.6 Multi-engine aeroplane training endorsement
Appendix T.7 Design feature endorsement training endorsement
Appendix T.8 Instrument rating training endorsement
Appendix T.9 Night VFR rating training endorsement
Appendix T.10 NVIS rating training endorsement
Appendix T.11 Low-level rating training endorsement
Appendix T.12 Aerial application rating (day) training endorsement
Appendix T.13 Aerial application rating (night) training endorsement
Appendix T.14 Instructor rating training endorsement
Appendix T.15 Multi-engine aeroplane class rating instructor training endorsement
Appendix T.16 Sling operations training endorsement
Appendix T.17 Winch and rappelling operations training endorsement
Appendix T.18 Spinning training endorsement
Appendix T.19 Aerobatics training endorsement
Appendix T.20 Formation (aeroplane) training endorsement
Appendix T.21 Formation (helicopter) training endorsement
Appendix T.22 Formation aerobatics training endorsement
Appendix T.23 Glider towing training endorsement
Section U Flight examiner rating and endorsements
Appendix U.0 Flight Examiner Rating
Appendix U.1 Private pilot licence flight test endorsement (category-specific)
Appendix U.2 Commercial pilot licence flight test endorsement (category- specific)
Appendix U.3 Air transport pilot flight test endorsement (category-specific)
Appendix U.4 Multi-engine aeroplane class rating flight test endorsement
Appendix U.5 Type rating flight test endorsement (type-specific)
Appendix U.6 Instrument rating flight test endorsement (category-specific)
Appendix U.7 Night VFR rating flight test endorsement (category-specific)
Appendix U.8 NVIS flight test endorsement
Appendix U.9 Low-level rating flight test endorsement (category-specific)
Appendix U.10 Aerial application rating flight test endorsement (category‑specific)
Appendix U.11 Flight instructor rating flight test endorsement (category-specific)
Appendix U.12 English language assessment endorsement — Reserved
Section V Flight engineer licence, ratings and endorsements
Appendix V.1 Flight engineer licence
Section W Flight engineer type rating
Appendix V.2 Flight engineer type rating
Section X Flight engineer instructor rating
Appendix X.0 Flight engineer instructor rating
Appendix X.1 Flight engineer type rating training endorsement
Appendix X.2 Flight engineer instructor rating training endorsement
Section Y Flight engineer examiner rating and endorsements
Appendix Y.0 Flight engineer examiner rating
Appendix Y.1 Flight engineer type rating flight test endorsement
Appendix Y.2 Flight engineer instructor rating flight test endorsement
Appendix Y.3 Flight engineer examiner rating flight test endorsement
Appendix Y.4 English language assessment endorsement — Reserved
Section Z Glider pilot licence
Appendix Z.1 Glider pilot licence
Index to Competency Unit Codes
A1 22, 25, 30, 38, 39
A2 22, 25, 30, 38, 39
A3 22, 25, 30, 38, 39
A4 22, 25, 30, 38, 39
A5 22, 25, 30, 38, 39
A6 22, 25, 30, 38
AA1 54
AA2 54
AA3 54
AA4 55
AA5 55
AA6 55, 56
AAGA 34, 36, 54
AAGC 34, 36
AAGH 37, 54
AAGR 54
ACAS 20
AEL 20, 70
AFPA 35, 36
AFPC 35, 36, 37
AFPH 37
AFRA 34, 36
AFRC 34, 36, 37
AFRH 37
AHFC 20, 34, 36, 37, 70
AME 39, 41
AMTA 35
AMTC 35, 36, 37
ANVA 34
ANVC 34, 36, 37
APLA 35, 36
APLC 35, 36, 37
APLH 37
BAKC 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34
C1 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35
C2 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 38, 39, 70
C3 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 70
C4 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 38
C5 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35
CADA 29, 34
CADC 29, 30, 32, 34
CADH 31, 32
CAKA 29, 34, 70
CAKC 29, 30, 32, 34
CAKH 31, 32
CAS 20
CFRA 29, 34
CFRC 29, 30, 32, 34
CFRH 31, 32
CHFC 29, 31, 32, 34
CIR 35, 36, 43, 44
CMTC 29, 31, 32, 34, 70
CNVC 29, 31, 32, 34
COPA 29, 34
COPC 29, 31, 32, 34
COPH 31, 32
CRT 42
CTA 23, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33
CTR 23
DFE1 39
DFE2 39
DFE3 39
DFE4 39
DFE5 40
DFE6 40
DFE7 40
DFE8 40
DFE9 40
FAE-2 57, 58
FAE-3 57
FAE-4 57
FAE-5 57
FAE-6 58
FAE-7 58
FAE-8 57, 58
FAE-9 58
FAGC 70
FER 66, 67, 68, 73, 74
FERC 66, 73
FFRC 70
FIR1 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73
FIR2 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73
FIR3 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 72, 73
FIR7 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64
FIR9 60, 61
FIRC 59, 72
FTM 71
G1 76
G2 76
G3 76
G4 76
G5 76
G6 76
G7 76
GEL 20
GNSS 43, 45
GSE 38
H1 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 38
H2 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 38
H3 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 38
H4 23, 26, 28, 31, 33, 38
H5 23, 27, 28, 31, 33, 38
H6 23, 27, 28, 31, 33, 38
H7 23, 27, 28, 31, 33, 38
HME 37
HSE 37
IAP2 35, 36, 43, 44, 47
IAP3 35, 36, 44, 47, 48
IFF 22, 25, 27, 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 39, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50
IFL 30, 31, 35, 36, 37, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50
IREX 35, 36, 43
LL-A 52, 54
LL-G 52
LL-H 52, 53, 54, 55
LLLR 52
53
LL-M 52
LL-SO 53
LL-WR 53
MCO 20, 35, 36, 37
NAV 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37
NTS1 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76
NTS2 22, 23, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 70, 71, 72, 73, 76
NVI 51
NVIS 51
NVR1 43, 44, 48, 49, 50
NVR2 43, 44, 48, 49, 50, 55, 56
NVR3 43, 44, 48, 49
OCA 30, 31, 33
OGA 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33
ONTA 24, 26, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33
PAC 36, 37
PAKA 25, 29, 34
PAKC 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34
PAKH 26, 27, 30, 32
PFRA 25, 29, 34
PFRC 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34
PFRH 26, 27, 30, 32
PHFC 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34
PIF 45, 46, 47, 48
PIFR 45
PMTC 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34
PNVC 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34
POPA 25, 29, 34
POPC 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34
POPH 26, 27, 30, 32
PPF 36, 37
PPF-G 76
RARO 20, 23, 70
RBKA 22, 25, 29, 34
RBKH 22, 26, 27, 30, 32
RFRC 22, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32, 34
RMTC 22, 25, 29, 34
RNE 25, 27, 28, 30, 31, 33, 35, 36, 37
SIR 59, 72, 73, 74
TR-MEA 35, 36, 41
TR-MEH 41
TR-SEA 40
TR-SEH 41
TYPA 40, 41
TYPH 41
Section B General
Language proficiency
Appendix B.1 General English language proficiency
Standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| GEL | General English language proficiency |
Appendix B.2 Aviation English language proficiency
Standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| AEL | Aviation English language proficiency |
Multi-crew cooperation
Appendix B.3 Multi-crew cooperation (MCC)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| AHFC | ATPL Human factors |
See relevant underpinning knowledge in the Unit of competency
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| MCO | Manage flight during multi-crew operations |
Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
Appendix B.4 Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS)
Aeronautical knowledge standards – reserved
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| CAS | Operate Airborne Collision Avoidance System (ACAS) |
Aeronautical radio operator (CASR Part 64)
Appendix B.5 Aeronautical radio operator (CASR Part 64)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| RARO | Aeronautical radio operation |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
Section G Recreational pilot licence (RPL)
Appendix G.1 Aeroplane category rating (RPL)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law |
| RMTC | RPL Meteorology |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors |
| RBKA | Basic aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane |
Practical flight standards – aeroplane category rating
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| A1 | Control aeroplane on the ground |
| A2 | Take-off aeroplane |
| A3 | Control aeroplane in normal flight |
| A4 | Land an aeroplane |
| A5 | Aeroplane advanced manoeuvres |
| A6 | Manage abnormal situations – single-engine aeroplanes |
| IFF | Instrument flight full panel |
Appendix G.2 Helicopter category rating (RPL)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors |
| RBKH | Basic aeronautical knowledge – helicopter |
Practical flight standards – helicopter category
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| H1 | Control helicopter on the ground – stationary |
| H2 | Control helicopter in lift-off, hover and landing |
| H3 | Taxi helicopter |
| H4 | Take-off helicopter and approach to hover |
| H5 | Control helicopter in normal flight |
| H6 | Control helicopter during advanced manoeuvres |
| H7 | Manage abnormal situations and emergencies – helicopter |
Appendix G.3 Gyroplane category rating (RPL) – Reserved
Appendix G.4 Airship category rating (RPL) – Reserved
Appendix G.5 Controlled aerodrome endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| CTR | Operate at a controlled aerodrome |
Appendix G.6 Controlled airspace endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| CTA | Operate in controlled airspace |
Appendix G.7 Flight radio endorsement
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| RARO | Aeronautical radio operation |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
Appendix G.8 Recreational navigation endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| ONTA | Operate at non-towered aerodrome |
| OGA | Operate in Class G airspace |
Section H Private pilot licence (PPL)
Appendix H.1 Aeroplane category rating (PPL)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law |
| RMTC | RPL Meteorology |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors |
| RBKA | Basic aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane |
| PAKC | PPL Aeronautical knowledge |
| PFRC | PPL Flight rules and air law |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors |
| PNVC | PPL Navigation |
| PMTC | PPL Meteorology |
| POPC | PPL Ops, performance and planning |
| PAKA | PPL Aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane |
| PFRA | PPL Flight rules and air law – aeroplane |
| POPA | PPL Ops, performance and planning – aeroplane |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| A1 | Control aeroplane on the ground |
| A2 | Take off |
| A3 | Control aeroplane in normal flight |
| A4 | Land an aeroplane |
| A5 | Aeroplane advanced manoeuvres |
| A6 | Manage abnormal situations – single-engine aeroplanes |
| IFF | Instrument flight full panel |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| ONTA | Operate at non-towered aerodrome |
| OGA | Operate in Class G airspace |
| CTR | Operate at a controlled aerodrome |
| CTA | Operate in controlled airspace |
Appendix H.2 Helicopter category rating (PPL) — Integrated training
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge | |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge | |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| RBKH | Basic aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| PAKC | PPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| PFRC | PPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| PNVC | PPL Navigation | |
| PMTC | PPL Meteorology | |
| POPC | PPL Ops performance and planning | |
| PAKH | PPL Aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| PFRH | PPL Flight rules and air law – helicopter | |
| POPH | PPL Ops, performance and planning – helicopter | |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in aviation environment |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| H1 | Control helicopter on the ground – stationary |
| H2 | Control helicopter in lift-off, hover and landing |
| H3 | Taxi helicopter |
| H4 | Take-off helicopter and approach to hover |
| H5 | Control helicopter in normal flight |
| H6 | Control helicopter during advanced manoeuvres |
| H7 | Manage abnormal situations and emergencies – helicopter |
| IFF | Instrument flight full panel |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| ONTA | Operate at non-towered aerodrome |
| OGA | Operate in Class G airspace |
| CTR | Operate at a controlled aerodrome |
| CTA | Operate in controlled airspace |
Appendix H.2A Helicopter category rating (PPL) — Non-integrated training
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge | |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge | |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| RBKH | Basic aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| PAKC | PPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| PFRC | PPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| PNVC | PPL Navigation | |
| PMTC | PPL Meteorology | |
| POPC | PPL Ops performance and planning | |
| PAKH | PPL Aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| PFRH | PPL Flight rules and air law – helicopter | |
| POPH | PPL Ops, performance and planning – helicopter | |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in aviation environment |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| H1 | Control helicopter on the ground – stationary |
| H2 | Control helicopter in lift-off, hover and landing |
| H3 | Taxi helicopter |
| H4 | Take-off helicopter and approach to hover |
| H5 | Control helicopter in normal flight |
| H6 | Control helicopter during advanced manoeuvres |
| H7 | Manage abnormal situations and emergencies – helicopter |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| ONTA | Operate at non-towered aerodrome |
| OGA | Operate in Class G airspace |
| CTR | Operate at a controlled aerodrome |
| CTA | Operate in controlled airspace |
Appendix H.3 Powered-lift category rating (PPL) – Reserved
Appendix H.4 Gyroplane category rating (PPL) – Reserved
Appendix H.5 Airship category rating (PPL) – Reserved
Section I Commercial pilot licence (CPL)
Appendix I.1 Aeroplane category rating (CPL)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge | |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge | |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law | |
| RMTC | RPL Meteorology | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| RBKA | Basic aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane | |
| PAKC | PPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| PFRC | PPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| PNVC | PPL Navigation | |
| PMTC | PPL Meteorology | |
| POPC | PPL Ops, performance and planning | |
| PAKA | PPL Aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane | |
| PFRA | PPL Flight rules and air law – aeroplane | |
| POPA | PPL Ops, performance and planning – aeroplane | |
| CAKC | CPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| CADC | CPL Aerodynamics | |
| CFRC | CPL Flight rules and air law | |
| CHFC | CPL Human factors | |
| CNVC | CPL Navigation | |
| CMTC | CPL Meteorology | |
| COPC | CPL Ops, performance and planning | |
| CAKA | CPL Aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane | |
| CADA | CPL Aerodynamics – aeroplane | |
| CFRA | CPL Flight rules and air law – aeroplane | |
| COPA | CPL Ops, performance and planning – aeroplane | |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| A1 | Control aeroplane on the ground |
| A2 | Take-off aeroplane |
| A3 | Control aeroplane in normal flight |
| A4 | Land aeroplane |
| A5 | Aeroplane advanced manoeuvres |
| A6 | Manage abnormal situations – single-engine aeroplanes |
| IFF | Instrument flight full panel |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| ONTA | Operate at non-towered aerodrome |
| OGA | Operate in Class G airspace |
| CTR | Operate at a controlled aerodrome |
| CTA | Operate in controlled airspace |
Appendix I.2 Helicopter category rating (CPL) — Integrated training
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge | |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge | |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| RBKH | Basic aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| PAKC | PPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| PFRC | PPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| PNVC | PPL Navigation | |
| PMTC | PPL Meteorology | |
| POPC | PPL Ops performance and planning | |
| PAKH | PPL Aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| PFRH | PPL Flight rules and air law – helicopter | |
| POPH | PPL Ops, performance and planning – helicopter | |
| CAKC | CPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| CADC | CPL Aerodynamics | |
| CFRC | CPL Flight rules and air law | |
| CHFC | CPL Human factors | |
| CNVC | CPL Navigation | |
| CMTC | CPL Meteorology | |
| COPC | CPL Ops, performance and planning | |
| CAKH | CPL Aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| CADH | CPL Aerodynamics – helicopter | |
| CFRH | CPL Flight rules and air law – helicopter | |
| COPH | CPL Ops, performance and planning – helicopter | |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| H1 | Control helicopter on the ground – stationary |
| H2 | Control helicopter in lift-off, hover and landing |
| H3 | Taxi helicopter |
| H4 | Take-off helicopter and approach to hover |
| H5 | Control helicopter in normal flight |
| H6 | Control helicopter during advanced manoeuvres |
| H7 | Manage abnormal situations and emergencies – helicopter |
| IFF | Instrument flight full panel |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| ONTA | Operate at non-towered aerodrome |
| OGA | Operate in Class G airspace |
| CTR | Operate at a controlled aerodrome |
| CTA | Operate in controlled airspace |
Appendix I.2A Helicopter category rating (CPL) — Non-integrated training
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge | |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge | |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| RBKH | Basic aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| PAKC | PPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| PFRC | PPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| PNVC | PPL Navigation | |
| PMTC | PPL Meteorology | |
| POPC | PPL Ops performance and planning | |
| PAKH | PPL Aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| PFRH | PPL Flight rules and air law – helicopter | |
| POPH | PPL Ops, performance and planning – helicopter | |
| CAKC | CPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| CADC | CPL Aerodynamics | |
| CFRC | CPL Flight rules and air law | |
| CHFC | CPL Human factors | |
| CNVC | CPL Navigation | |
| CMTC | CPL Meteorology | |
| COPC | CPL Ops, performance and planning | |
| CAKH | CPL Aeronautical knowledge – helicopter | |
| CADH | CPL Aerodynamics – helicopter | |
| CFRH | CPL Flight rules and air law – helicopter | |
| COPH | CPL Ops, performance and planning – helicopter | |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| H1 | Control helicopter on the ground – stationary |
| H2 | Control helicopter in lift-off, hover and landing |
| H3 | Taxi helicopter |
| H4 | Take-off helicopter and approach to hover |
| H5 | Control helicopter in normal flight |
| H6 | Control helicopter during advanced manoeuvres |
| H7 | Manage abnormal situations and emergencies – helicopter |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| ONTA | Operate at non-towered aerodrome |
| OGA | Operate in Class G airspace |
| CTR | Operate at a controlled aerodrome |
| CTA | Operate in controlled airspace |
Appendix I.3 Powered-lift category rating (CPL) – Reserved
Appendix I.4 Gyroplane category rating (CPL) – Reserved
Appendix I.5 Airship category rating (CPL) – Reserved
Section J Multi crew Pilot Licence (MPL)
Appendix J.1 Aeroplane category rating (MPL)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge | |
| BAKC | Basic aeronautical knowledge | |
| RFRC | RPL Flight rules and air law | |
| RMTC | RPL Meteorology | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| RBKA | Basic aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane | |
| PAKC | PPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| PFRC | PPL Flight rules and air law | |
| PHFC | PPL Human factors | |
| PNVC | PPL Navigation | |
| PMTC | PPL Meteorology | |
| POPC | PPL Ops, performance and planning | |
| PAKA | PPL Aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane | |
| PFRA | PPL Flight rules and air law – aeroplane | |
| POPA | PPL Ops, performance and planning – aeroplane | |
| CAKC | CPL Aeronautical knowledge | |
| CADC | CPL Aerodynamics | |
| CFRC | CPL Flight rules and air law | |
| CHFC | CPL Human factors | |
| CNVC | CPL Navigation | |
| CMTC | CPL Meteorology | |
| COPC | CPL Ops, performance and planning | |
| CAKA | CPL Aeronautical knowledge – aeroplane | |
| CADA | CPL Aerodynamics – aeroplane | |
| CFRA | CPL Flight rules and air law – aeroplane | |
| COPA | CPL Ops, performance and planning – aeroplane | |
| AAGC | ATP Aircraft general knowledge – common | |
| AAGA | ATP Aircraft general knowledge – aeroplane | |
| AFRC | ATP Flight rules and air law – common | |
| AFRA | ATP Flight rules and air law – aeroplane | |
| AHFC | ATP Human factors | |
| ANVC | ATP Navigation – common | |
| ANVA | ATP Navigation – aeroplane | |
| AMTC | ATP Meteorology – common | |
| AMTA | ATP Meteorology – aeroplane | |
| AFPC | ATP Flight planning – common | |
| AFPA | ATP Flight planning – aeroplane | |
| APLC | ATP Performance and loading – common | |
| APLA | ATP Performance and loading – aeroplane | |
| IREX | Instrument rating | |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C1 | Communicating in the aviation environment |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| MCO | Manage flight during multi-crew operations |
| CIR | Conduct an IFR flight |
| TR-MEA | Type rating multi-engine aeroplane |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
| IAP3 | Conduct an instrument approach 3D |
Section K Air transport pilot licence (ATPL)
Appendix K.1 Aeroplane category rating (ATPL)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| AAGC | ATP Aircraft general knowledge – common |
| AAGA | ATP Aircraft general knowledge – aeroplane |
| AFRC | ATP Flight rules and air law – common |
| AFRA | ATP Flight rules and air law – aeroplane |
| AHFC | ATP Human factors |
| ANVC | ATP Navigation – common |
| AMTC | ATP Meteorology – common |
| AFPC | ATP Flight planning – common |
| AFPA | ATP Flight planning – aeroplane |
| APLC | ATP Performance and loading – common |
| APLA | ATP Performance and loading – aeroplane |
| IREX | Instrument rating |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| MCO | Manage flight during multi-crew operations |
| CIR | Conduct an IFR flight |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
| IAP3 | Conduct an instrument approach 3D |
| TR-MEA | Type rating multi-engine aeroplane |
Appendix K.2 Helicopter category rating (ATPL)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| AAGC | ATP Aircraft general knowledge – common |
| AAGH | ATP Aircraft general knowledge – helicopter |
| AFRC | ATP Flight rules and air law – common |
| AFRH | ATP Flight rules and air law – helicopter |
| AHFC | ATP Human factors |
| ANVC | ATP Navigation – common |
| AMTC | ATP Meteorology – common |
| AFPC | ATP Flight planning – common |
| AFPH | ATP Flight planning – helicopter |
| APLC | ATP Performance and loading – common |
| APLH | ATP Performance and loading – helicopter |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C3 | Operate aeronautical radio |
| C5 | Manage passengers and cargo |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| NAV | Navigate aircraft |
| RNE | Radio navigation – en route |
| MCO | Manage flight during multi-crew operations |
| HSE | Helicopter single-engine class/type rating |
| HME | Helicopter multi-engine type rating |
Appendix K.3 Powered-lift category rating (ATPL) – Reserved
Section L Aircraft ratings and endorsements
Pilot class ratings and design feature endorsements
Appendix L.1 Single-engine aeroplane class rating
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| A1 | Control aeroplane on the ground |
| A2 | Take-off aeroplane |
| A3 | Control aeroplane in normal flight |
| A4 | Land aeroplane |
| A5 | Aeroplane advanced manoeuvres |
| A6 | Manage abnormal situations – single-engine aeroplanes |
Appendix L.2 Single-engine helicopter class rating
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| C4 | Manage fuel |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| H1 | Control helicopter on the ground – stationary |
| H2 | Control helicopter in lift-off, hover and landing |
| H3 | Taxi helicopter |
| H4 | Take-off helicopter and approach to hover |
| H5 | Control helicopter in normal flight |
| H6 | Control helicopter during advanced manoeuvres |
| H7 | Manage abnormal situations and emergencies – helicopter |
Appendix L.3 Single-engine gyroplane class rating
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| GSE | Gyroplane single engine |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
Appendix L.4 Multi-engine aeroplane class rating
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| C2 | Perform pre- and post-flight actions and procedures |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| A1 | Control aeroplane on the ground |
| A2 | Take off |
| A3 | Control aeroplane in normal flight |
| A4 | Land aeroplane |
| A5 | Aeroplane advanced manoeuvres |
| IFF | Instrument flight full panel |
| AME | Operate multi-engine aeroplane |
Design feature endorsements
Appendix L.5 Tailwheel undercarriage endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE1 | Tailwheel aeroplane |
Appendix L.6 Retractable undercarriage endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE2 | Retractable undercarriage |
Appendix L.7 Manual propeller pitch control endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE3 | Manual propeller pitch control |
Appendix L.8 Gas turbine engine endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE4 | Gas turbine engine |
Appendix L.9 Multi-engine Centreline thrust endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE5 | Multi-engine centreline thrust aeroplane |
Appendix L.10 Pressurisation system endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE6 | Pressurisation system |
Appendix L.11 Floating hull endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE7 | Floating hull |
Appendix L.12 Floatplane endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE8 | Floatplane and amphibious aircraft |
Appendix L.13 Float alighting gear endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| DFE9 | Helicopter float alighting gear |
Pilot type ratings
Appendix L.14 Single-engine aeroplane type rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| TYPA | Type rating – single-engine aeroplane |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| TR-SEA | Type rating – single-engine aeroplane |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
Appendix L.15 Single-engine helicopter type rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| TYPH | Type rating – helicopter |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| TR-SEH | Type rating single-engine helicopter |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
Appendix L.16 Multi-engine aeroplane type rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| TYPA | Type rating – aeroplane |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| AME | Operate multi-engine aeroplane |
| TR-MEA | Type rating – multi-engine aeroplane |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
Appendix L.17 Multi-engine helicopter type rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| TYPH | Type rating – helicopter |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| TR-MEH | Type rating multi-engine helicopter |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
Appendix L.18 Cruise relief aeroplane type rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| TYPA | Type rating – aircraft |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| CRT | Cruise relief type rating |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
Section M Instrument rating and endorsements
Appendix M.1 Instrument rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| IREX | Instrument rating |
| GNSS | Basic GNSS and en route GNSS navigation principles |
Appendix M.2 Single-engine aeroplane instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| CIR | Conduct an IFR flight |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR2 | Night VFR – single-engine aircraft |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix M.3 Multi-engine aeroplane instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| CIR | Conduct an IFR flight |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR3 | Night VFR – multi-engine aircraft |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix M.4 Single-engine helicopter instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| CIR | Conduct an IFR flight |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR2 | Night VFR – single-engine aircraft |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix M.5 Multi-engine helicopter instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| CIR | Conduct an IFR flight |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR3 | Night VFR – multi-engine aircraft |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix M.6 Powered-lift aircraft instrument endorsement – Reserved
Appendix M.7 Gyroplane instrument endorsement – Reserved
Appendix M.8 Airship instrument endorsement – Reserved
Appendix M.9 IAP 2D instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix M.10 IAP 3D instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| IAP3 | Conduct an instrument approach 3D |
Section N Private instrument ratings and endorsements
Appendix N.1 Private instrument ratings (PIFR)
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| PIFR | Private IFR rating |
| GNSS | Basic GNSS and en route GNSS navigation principles |
Appendix N.2 Single-engine aeroplane private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.3 Multi-engine aeroplane private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.4 Single-engine helicopter private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.5 Multi-engine helicopter private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.6 Navigation – NDB private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.7 Navigation – VOR/LLZ private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.8 Navigation – GNSS private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.9 Departure – Single-engine aircraft private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.10 Departure – Multi-engine aeroplane private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.11 Departure – Multi-engine helicopter private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.12 Standard instrument departure private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.13 STAR private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.14 Approach – NDB private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix N.15 Approach – VOR/LLZ private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix N.16 Approach – DME or GNSS Arrival private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix N.17 Approach – RNP APCH 2D private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| IAP2 | Conduct an instrument approach 2D |
Appendix N.18 Approach – RNP APCH 3D private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| IAP3 | Conduct an instrument approach 3D |
Appendix N.19 Approach – ILS private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| IAP3 | Conduct an instrument approach 3D |
Appendix N.20 Approach and landing – multi-engine aeroplane private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR Flight |
Appendix N.21 Approach and landing – multi-engine helicopter private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
Appendix N.22 Night private instrument endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| PIF | Conduct a private IFR flight |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR2 | Night VFR — single-engine aircraft |
| NVR3 | Night VFR — multi-engine aircraft |
Section O Night VFR (NVFR) rating and endorsements
Appendix O.1 NVFR rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards – Reserved
Appendix O.2 Single-engine aeroplane NVFR endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR2 | Night VFR — single-engine aircraft |
Appendix O.3 Multi-engine aeroplane NVFR endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR3 | Night VFR — multi-engine aircraft |
Appendix O.4 Helicopter NVFR endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR2 | Night VFR – single-engine aircraft |
Appendix O.5 Powered-lift aircraft NVFR endorsement – Reserved
Appendix O.6 Gyroplane NVFR endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| IFF | Full instrument panel manoeuvres |
| IFL | Limited instrument panel manoeuvres |
| NVR1 | Conduct a traffic pattern at night |
| NVR2 | Night VFR — single-engine aircraft |
Appendix O.7 Airship NVFR endorsement – Reserved
Section P Night vision imaging system (NVIS) rating and endorsements
Appendix P.1 NVIS rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| NVIS | NVIS rating |
Appendix P.2 Grade 1 NVIS endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NVI | NVIS operation |
Appendix P.3 Grade 2 NVIS endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NVI | NVIS operation |
Section Q Low-level rating and endorsements
Appendix Q.0 Low-level rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| LLLR | Low-level rating |
Appendix Q.1 Aeroplane low-level endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-A | Aeroplane low-level operations |
Appendix Q.2 Helicopter low-level endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-H | Helicopter low-level operations |
Appendix Q.3 Powered-lift aircraft low-level endorsement – Reserved
Appendix Q.4 Gyroplane low-level endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-G | Gyroplane low-level operations |
Appendix Q.5 Aerial mustering – aeroplane endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-A | Aeroplane low-level operations |
| LL-M | Aerial mustering operations |
Appendix Q.6 Aerial mustering – helicopter endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-H | Helicopter low-level operations |
| LL-M | Aerial mustering operations |
Appendix Q.7 Aerial mustering – gyroplane endorsement – Reserved
Appendix Q.8 Sling operations endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-H | Helicopter low-level operations |
| LL-SO | Sling operations |
Appendix Q.9 Winch and rappelling operations endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-H | Helicopter low-level operations |
| LL-WR | Winch and rappelling operations |
Section R Aerial application rating and endorsements
Appendix R.0 Aerial application rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| AAGR | Aerial application rating |
Appendix R.1 Aeroplane aerial application endorsement
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| AAGA | Aerial application rating — aeroplane |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-A | Aeroplane low-level operations |
| AA1 | Aeroplane aerial application operation |
Appendix R.2 Helicopter aerial application endorsement
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| AAGH | Aerial application rating — helicopter |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-H | Helicopter low-level operations |
| AA2 | Helicopter aerial application operation |
Appendix R.3 Gyroplane aerial application endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| AA3 | Gyroplane aerial application operation |
Appendix R.4 Aeroplane firefighting endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-A | Aeroplane low-level operations |
| AA4 | Aeroplane firefighting operation |
Appendix R.5 Helicopter firefighting endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| LL-H | Helicopter low-level operations |
| AA5 | Helicopter firefighting operation |
Appendix R.6 Night aeroplane aerial application endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NVR2 | Night VFR – single-engine aircraft |
| AA6 | Night aerial application operation |
Appendix R.7 Night helicopter aerial application endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NVR2 | Night VFR – single-engine aircraft |
| AA6 | Night aerial application operation |
Appendix R.8 Night gyroplane aerial application endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| NVR2 | Night VFR — single-engine aircraft |
| AA6 | Night aerial application operation |
Section S Flight activity endorsements
Appendix S.1 Aerobatics flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| FAE-2 | Aerobatics — 3,000 ft AGL |
| FAE-8 | Spinning |
Appendix S.2 Aerobatics (1,500) flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| FAE-2 | Aerobatics — 3,000 ft AGL |
| FAE-3 | Aerobatics — 1,500 ft AGL |
| FAE-8 | Spinning |
Appendix S.3 Aerobatics (1,000) flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| FAE-2 | Aerobatics — 3,000 ft AGL |
| FAE-3 | Aerobatics — 1,500 ft AGL |
| FAE-4 | Aerobatics — 500 ft AGL |
| FAE-8 | Spinning |
Appendix S.4 Aerobatics (500) flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| FAE-2 | Aerobatics — 3,000 ft AGL |
| FAE-3 | Aerobatics — 1,500 ft AGL |
| FAE-4 | Aerobatics — 500 ft AGL |
| FAE-8 | Spinning |
Appendix S.5 Aerobatics (unlimited) flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| FAE-2 | Aerobatics — 3,000 ft AGL | |
| FAE-3 | Aerobatics — 1,500 ft AGL | |
| FAE-4 | Aerobatics — 500 ft AGL | |
| FAE-5 | Aerobatics – Unlimited | |
| FAE-8 | Spinning | |
Appendix S.6 Formation flying (aeroplane) flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| FAE-6 | Formation flying aeroplane |
Appendix S.7 Formation aerobatics flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| FAE-2 | Aerobatics — 3,000 ft AGL |
| FAE-6 | Formation flying aeroplane |
| FAE-7 | Aerobatics (formation) |
| FAE-8 | Spinning |
Appendix S.8 Spinning flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| FAE-8 | Spinning |
Appendix S.9 Formation flying (helicopter) flight activity endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| FAE-9 | Formation flying helicopter |
Section T Pilot instructor rating and endorsements
Flight instructor rating
Appendix T.01 Flight instructor ratings
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| FIRC | Instructor rating — common |
Simulator instructor rating
Appendix T.02 Simulator instructor rating
Aeronautical knowledge standards
| Unit code | Unit of knowledge |
| FIRC | Instructor rating — common |
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| SIR | Conduct training in a synthetic training device |
| FIR7 | Conduct flight review |
Training endorsements
Appendix T.1 Grade 1 training endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| FIR1 | Conduct aeronautical knowledge training |
| FIR2 | Assess competence |
| FIR3 | Conduct flight training |
| FIR7 | Conduct flight review |
Appendix T.2 Grade 2 training endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| FIR1 | Conduct aeronautical knowledge training |
| FIR2 | Assess competence |
| FIR3 | Conduct flight training |
| FIR7 | Conduct a flight review |
Appendix T.3 Grade 3 training endorsement
Practical flight standards
| Unit code | Unit of competency |
| NTS1 | Non-technical skills 1 |
| NTS2 | Non-technical skills 2 |
| FIR1 | Conduct aeronautical knowledge training |
| FIR2 | Assess competence |
| FIR3 | Conduct flight training |
(d)vents system and location of vents and drains;
(e)system controls and indicators;
(f)minimum grades, colour and additives required, if any;
(g)minimum fuel temperature;
(h)indications of reduced or loss of fuel flow.
6.1.2 Determine level of engine oil.
6.1.3 Describe oil system indicators and grade of oil required.
6.1.4 Describe fuel and oil system limitations.
Engines
7.1.1 Describe type of engine/s installed, the main components, rated thrust or horsepower and indicators required for operation.
7.1.2 State engine start limits, as applicable.
7.1.3 Describe engine controls and their function.
7.1.4 Describe normal and non-normal engine operation.
7.1.5 Describe operation of the ignition system.
7.1.6 Describe the method of feathering and unfeathering the propeller/s, where applicable.
Electrical system
8.1.1 Describe core components of the aircraft’s electrical system.
8.1.2 Describe the system design and operation, including use of AC or DC power, as applicable.
8.1.3 Explain the methods of power generation.
8.1.4 Describe the electrical system protections and locations of key components.
8.1.5 Explain the indications of normal and degraded system operation.
8.1.6 Describe the location of connections for external sources of power, if applicable.
8.1.7 Describe the use of the APU when used to provide a source of electrical power.
Hydraulic system
9.1.1 Describe core components of the aircraft hydraulic system/s and their method of operation, including alternative sources of operation.
9.1.2 Describe normal system operating pressure and system protections to prevent damage to components or system.
9.1.3 Explain method of determining sufficient system capacity, indicators and controls.
9.1.4 Describe systems operated by the hydraulic system/s.
Undercarriage and brakes
10.1.1 Describe the undercarriage system components and safety systems.
10.1.2 Explain normal and alternative method of undercarriage operation.
10.1.3 Describe operation of the nosewheel steering system, if installed.
10.1.4 Describe the brake system components and normal and non-normal operation.
10.1.5 Explain operation of the anti-skid system and limitations.
10.1.6 Determine brake energy limits and brake cooling requirements.
Pneumatic system
11.1.1 Describe the aircraft pneumatic system components and methods of operation.
11.1.2 Describe system limitations and safety devices.
Environmental system
12.1.1 Explain the operation of aircraft heating, demisting, and airconditioning systems, normal and emergency modes of operation and limitations.
Flight controls
13.1.1 Describe primary and secondary flight controls and their method of operation.
13.1.2 Describe degraded modes of operation for aircraft fitted envelope protection systems, the effects on longitudinal stability with changes in aircraft speed.
13.1.3 Knowledge of limitations and safety features that prevent structural damage to the aircraft.
Ice and rain protection
14.1.1 Describe the aircraft ice protection system/s, detection systems and explain their operation.
14.1.2 Describe anti-ice system limitations.
Fire and overheat protection
15.1.1 Describe the fire and overheat protection system/s installed on the aircraft, including indicators and extinguishing agents used.
15.1.2 Can determine the serviceability of the system/s.
15.1.3 Describe the power sources required for system operation.
Flight instruments
16.1.1 Describe the system/s that provide data to the primary flight instruments.
16.1.2 Describe the power sources for the primary flight instruments/displays.
16.1.3 Describe the operation of the warning systems.
16.1.4 Knowledge of alternative sources of flight instrument operation.
16.1.5 Describe the operation of EFIS system and redundant modes of operation.
Navigation and radar systems
17.1.1 Knowledge of the operation of the aircraft navigation, communication and surveillance system/s.
17.1.2 Describe the operation of the aircraft navigation receivers and how to determine their operational status and integrity.
17.1.3 Knowledge of the aircraft’s weather detection system/s and safety precautions.
17.1.4 Explain operation of the aircraft FMS and integration with other aircraft systems.
17.1.5 Determine ANP for RNP operations.
17.1.6 Describe the operation of the aircraft windshear detection system.
Autoflight system
18.1.1 Explain the operation of the autopilot and autothrottle, if installed, in flight operation in all modes.
18.1.2 Describe failure annunciations, pilot actions and limitations.
18.1.3 Explain the integration of aircraft navigation systems with the autoflight system.
Communications
19.1.1 Can operate all the aircraft communication systems, voice and data when installed.
19.1.2 Describe operation of aircraft intercommunication systems.
19.1.3 Describe operation of the communications system in the event of changes in power source.
19.1.4 Explain operation of the CVR and FDR and requirements for operation.
Airframe
20.1.1 Describe airframe construction, fuselage sections, materials, cowling and firewalls, as applicable.
20.1.2 Describe aerodynamic surfaces of the airframe.
20.1.3 Describe operation of the doors, exits, windows and monitoring systems.
Miscellaneous systems
21.1.1 Describe other systems installed in the aircraft that are likely to be used by the flight crew to operate the aircraft.
21.1.2 Describe the location and operation of emergency equipment installed on the aircraft.
Unit 3.2.2 TYPH: Pilot type rating – helicopter
Reserved
Helicopter limitations and documentation
2.1.1 State aircraft limitations and demonstrate ability to locate information contained in the RFM and POH, if applicable.
2.1.2 Perform pre-flight inspection and determine serviceability of the aircraft for flight.
2.1.3 Apply MEL and Configuration Deviation List (CDL), where applicable.
2.1.4 Determine the effects of ADs, ASB/SB where pilot action may be required, as applicable to type.
2.1.5 Awareness of licensing obligations for variants, where applicable.
Weight and balance
3.1.1 Calculate CG for aircraft and determine if within prescribed limits.
3.1.2 The effects of configuration changes on CG, if any.
3.1.3 The effects of fuel use and the management of the CG, if any.
3.1.4 The effects of changes to CG on aircraft performance.
3.1.5 Aircraft weight limitations, loading limits, cargo hold limitations, and any load/weight limitations for operational equipment contained in the flight manual supplement.
Meteorology and adverse weather operations
4.1.1 Interpret weather forecasts typically required to conduct a flight in the helicopter.
4.1.2 State the requirements for low-visibility operations.
4.1.3 Describe the effect on helicopter operations of the following:
(a)ice, slush or snow (contaminated runway);
(b)turbulence penetration;
(c)heavy rain or falling snow;
(d)windshear and localised environments (as applicable);
(e)cold weather operations (as applicable);
(f)low-visibility operations (as applicable).
Aerodynamics and performance
5.1.1 Describe basic aerodynamics for single main rotor, tandem rotor or coaxial system, as appropriate.
5.1.2 Describe the effect of changes in airspeed on drag and, therefore, performance.
5.1.3 Describe the minimum climb gradient performance requirements for each segment for helicopters that are certified as an air transport helicopter.
5.1.4 Describe the following aerodynamic effects as they apply to the particular helicopter:
(a)ground resonance;
(b)dynamic rollover;
(c)tail rotor drift and tail rotor roll;
(d)flapback and inflow roll;
(e)vortex ring;
(f)retreating blade stall;
(g)autorotation;
(h)loss of tail rotor effectiveness.
5.1.5 Determine the airspeeds to meet performance requirements for different configurations and phases of flight.
5.1.6 Describe stall characteristics and limits of normal operating envelope.
5.1.7 Discuss the meteorological performance limiting factors.
5.1.8 Discuss any unique operational characteristics, including terrain and environment.
Fuel and engine oil systems
6.1.1 Describe the following in relation to the aircraft’s fuel system:
(a)location of fuel tank/s and capacity;
(b)normal and non-normal fuel system operation and distribution;
(c)location and type of pumps used;
(d)vents system and location of vents and drains;
(e)system controls and indicators;
(f)minimum grades, colour and additives required, if any;
(g)minimum fuel temperature;
(h)indications of reduced or loss of fuel flow.
6.1.2 Minimum level of engine oil.
6.1.3 The aeroplane’s oil system indicators and grade of oil required.
6.1.4 Fuel and oil system limitations for the aeroplane.
Engines
7.1.1 Describe type of engine/s installed, the main components, rated horsepower and indicators required for operation.
7.1.2 State engine start limits, as applicable.
7.1.3 Describe engine controls and their function.
7.1.4 Describe normal and non-normal engine operation.
7.1.5 Describe operation of the ignition system.
7.1.6 Describe the method of rotor engagement, as applicable.
Electrical system
8.1.1 Describe core components of the aircraft’s electrical system.
8.1.2 Describe the system design and operation, including use of AC or DC power, as applicable.
8.1.3 Explain the methods of power generation.
8.1.4 Describe the electrical system protections and locations of key components.
8.1.5 Explain the indications of normal and degraded system operation.
8.1.6 Describe the location of connections for external sources of power, if applicable.
8.1.7 Describe the use of the APU when used to provide a source of electrical power.
Hydraulic system
9.1.1 Describe core components of the aircraft hydraulic system/s and their method of operation, including alternative sources of operation.
9.1.2 Describe normal system operating pressure and system protections to prevent damage to components or system.
9.1.3 Explain method of determining sufficient system capacity, indicators and controls.
9.1.4 Describe systems operated by the hydraulic system/s.
Undercarriage and brakes
10.1.1 Describe the undercarriage system components and safety systems.
10.1.2 Explain normal and alternative method of undercarriage operation.
10.1.3 Describe operation of the nosewheel steering system, if installed.
10.1.4 Describe the brake system components and normal and non-normal operation.
10.1.5 Determine brake energy limits and brake cooling requirements.
Pneumatic system
11.1.1 Describe the aircraft pneumatic system components and methods of operation.
11.1.2 Describe system limitations and safety devices.
Environmental/pressurisation system
12.1.1 Explain the operation of aircraft heating, demisting, and airconditioning systems, if applicable, normal and emergency modes of operation and limitations.
Flight controls
13.1.1 Describe primary and secondary flight controls and their method of operation.
13.1.2 Knowledge of limitations and safety features that prevent structural damage to the aircraft.
Ice and rain protection
14.1.1 Describe the aircraft ice protection system/s, detection systems and explain their operation.
14.1.2 Describe anti-ice system limitations, if applicable.
Fire and overheat protection
15.1.1 Describe the fire and overheat protection system/s installed on the aircraft, including indicators and extinguishing agents used, if applicable.
15.1.2 Determine the serviceability of the fire and or overheat system/s, if applicable.
15.1.3 Describe the power sources required for system operation.
Flight instruments
16.1.1 Describe the system/s that provide data to the primary flight instruments.
16.1.2 Describe the power sources for the primary flight instruments/displays.
16.1.3 Describe the operation of the warning systems.
16.1.4 Knowledge of alternative sources of flight instrument operation.
16.1.5 Describe the operation of EFIS system and redundant modes of operation.
Navigation and radar systems
17.1.1 Knowledge of the operation of the aircraft navigation, communication and surveillance system/s, as applicable.
17.1.2 Describe the operation of the aircraft navigation receivers and how to determine their operational status and integrity.
17.1.3 Knowledge of the aircraft’s weather detection system/s and safety precautions, if applicable.
17.1.4 Explain operation of the aircraft FMS and integration with other aircraft systems, if applicable.
17.1.5 Determine RNP capability.
17.1.6 Conduct RNP operations, as applicable.
17.1.7 Describe the operation of the aircraft windshear detection system, if applicable.
Autoflight system
18.1.1 Describe the function and design of stability augmentation, autopilot and flight director systems in both the normal and degraded modes, if applicable.
18.1.2 Describe failure annunciations, pilot actions and limitations.
18.1.3 Explain the integration of aircraft navigation systems with the autoflight system.
Communications
19.1.1 Describe operation of all the aircraft communication systems, voice and data when installed.
19.1.2 Describe operation of aircraft intercommunication systems.
19.1.3 Describe operation of the communications system in the event of changes in power source.
19.1.4 Explain operation of the CVR and the FDR and requirements for operation, as applicable.
Airframe
20.1.1 Describe airframe construction, fuselage sections, materials, cowling and firewalls, as applicable.
20.1.2 Describe the operation and function of aerodynamic surfaces of the airframe.
20.1.3 Describe operation of the doors, exits, windows and monitoring systems.
Miscellaneous systems
21.1.1 Describe deign of role equipment and their use, the applicable procedures during normal and non‑normal operations and limitations imposed on such equipment.
21.1.2 Describe other systems installed in the aircraft that are likely to be used by the flight crew to operate the aircraft.
21.1.3 Describe the location and operation of emergency equipment installed on the aircraft.
Unit 3.2.3 FETR: Flight engineer type rating – all aircraft
Reserved
General operational knowledge
2.1Aircraft limitations and documentation
2.1.1 Recalls essential aircraft limitations.
2.1.2 Can locate information in the AFM.
2.1.3 General background knowledge on unique aircraft characteristics, similar models and variants, including knowledge required to confirm the serviceability of the aircraft before commencement of flight.
2.1.4 Knowledge of licensing obligations for variants, where applicable.
2.1.5 Use of MEL and configuration deviation list (CDL), where applicable.
2.2Weight and balance
2.2.1 Describe the effects of fuel burn on the CG.
2.3Adverse weather operations
2.3.1 Describe operational impact of icing conditions.
2.4Aerodynamics and performance
2.4.1 General knowledge of airflow over aerofoils and the aerodynamic effects of the following if installed on the aircraft:
(a)spoiler;
(b)speed brakes;
(c)flaps and slats.
2.4.2 Able to calculate or extract relevant aircraft performance data for different phases of flight and the effects of non-normal operations on aircraft range and endurance.
2.4.3 Describe the meteorological performance limiting factors.
2.4.4 Discuss any unique operational characteristics.
2.5Meteorology
2.5.1 Can interpret the weather forecasts typically required for the normal operation of the aircraft.
Aircraft systems
3.1Fuel and oil systems
3.1.1 Can describe the following in relation to the aircraft’s fuel system:
(a)location of fuel tank/s and capacity;
(b)normal and non-normal fuel system operation and distribution;
(c)location and type of pumps used;
(d)vents system and location of vents and drains;
(e)system controls and indicators;
(f)minimum grades, colour and additives required, if any.
3.1.2 Determine minimum level of engine oil.
3.1.3 Describe oil system indicators and grade of oil required.
3.1.4 Knowledge of fuel and oil system limitations.
3.2Engines
3.2.1 Describe type of engine/s installed, the main components, rated thrust or horsepower and indicators required for operation.
3.2.2 Describe engine controls, their function.
3.2.3 Describe normal and non-normal engine operation.
3.2.4 If installed, the type of propellers/s, indicators and method of control and the method of feathering and unfeathering the propeller.
3.2.5 For turbine engine aircraft, explain the operation of the engine ignition system.
3.3Electrical system
3.3.1 Describe core components of aircraft’s electrical system, including;
(a)method/s of power generation;
(b)system design and operation;
(c)system protections and locations of key components;
(d)indicators and normal and degrade system operation;
(e)APU operation and location of connections for other external sources of power, if applicable.
3.4Hydraulic system
3.4.1 Describe core components of the aircraft hydraulic system and their method of operation.
3.4.2 Method of determining sufficient system capacity, indicators and controls.
3.4.3 Systems operated by the hydraulic system/s.
3.5Undercarriage and brakes
3.5.1 Describe the undercarriage system components and safety systems.
3.5.2 Normal and alternative method of operation.
3.5.3 Nosewheel steering system, if installed.
3.5.4 Describe the brake system components and normal and non-normal operation.
3.6Pneumatic system
3.6.1 Describe the aircraft pneumatic system components and methods of operation.
3.6.2 Describe system limitations and safety devices.
3.7Environmental/pressurisation system
3.7.1 Describe aircraft pressurisation system components and methods of normal and non-normal operation.
3.7.2 Explain the aircraft pressurisation limitations and safety features.
3.7.3 Describe the differences between gradual and rapid depressurisation experienced by the occupants of the aircraft.
3.7.4 Describes the reason for pressurisation limitation for take-off and landing.
3.7.5 Explain why a pressurised aircraft is fitted with a cabin altimeter.
3.7.6 Describe how to determine that the pressurisation system is functioning correctly.
3.8Flight controls
3.8.1 Describe primary and secondary flight controls and their method of operation.
3.8.2 Describe the operation of speed-sensing devices that limit or operate flight controls where installed.
3.8.3 Describe degraded modes of operation for aircraft fitted with fly-by-wire flight control systems, the degraded protection provided and the effects on longitudinal stability with changes in aircraft speed.
3.8.4 Knowledge of limitations and safety features that prevent structural damage to the aircraft.
3.9Ice and rain protection
3.9.1 Describe the aircraft ice protection system/s, detection systems and explain their operation.
3.9.2 Describe anti-ice system limitations.
3.10Fire and overheat protection
3.10.1 Describe the fire and overheat protection system/s installed on the aircraft, including indicators and extinguishing agents used.
3.10.2 Can determine the serviceability of the system/s.
3.10.3 Describe the power sources necessary for system operation.
3.11Flight instruments
3.11.1 Describe the system/s that provide data to the primary flight instruments.
3.11.2 Describe the power sources for the primary flight instruments/displays.
3.11.3 Describe the operation of the stall avoidance and/or warning systems.
3.11.4 Knowledge of alternative sources of operation.
3.12Navigation
3.12.1 Knowledge of the operation of the aircraft navigation system/s, including transponder/s and flight director/s and limitations.
3.12.2 Describe the operation of the aircraft navigation receivers and how to determine their working status.
3.12.3 Knowledge of the aircraft’s weather detection system/s and safety precautions.
3.12.4 Operation of the aircraft FMS and cane determine signals used to determine aircraft position.
3.12.5 Describe the operation of the aircraft TCAS system.
3.12.6 Understanding of the aircraft windshear detection system, if installed.
3.13Autoflight
3.13.1 Knowledge of autopilot and autothrottle, if installed, in flight operation in all modes.
3.13.2 Describe failure annunciations and pilot actions.
3.13.3 Understanding of interface with aircraft navigation systems.
3.13.4 Describe autoflight limitations.
3.14Communications
3.14.1 Can operate all the aircraft communication systems, voice and data when installed.
3.14.2 Describe operation of aircraft intercommunication systems.
3.14.3 Describe operation of the communications system in the event of depressurisation or use of emergency oxygen system.
3.14.4 Explain operation of the CVR and FDR.
3.15Miscellaneous systems
3.15.1 Describe other systems installed in the aircraft that contribute to the safety of the aircraft operation or are likely to be used by the flight crew to operate the aircraft.
3.15.2 Describe the location and operation of emergency equipment installed on the aircraft.
3.15.3 Knowledge of the location and operation of all exits installed on the aircraft.
Appendix 4. Foreign Licence conversion
Section 4.1 CPL – Reserved
Section 4.2 MPL/ATPL – Reserved
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