Oaths, Affidavits And Declarations Act 2010 (NT)
NORTHERN TERRITORY OF AUSTRALIA
OATHS, AFFIDAVITS AND DECLARATIONS ACT 2010
As in force at 2 March 2022
northern territory of australia
As in force at 2 March 2022
OATHS, AFFIDAVITS AND DECLARATIONS ACT 2010
An Act about oaths, affidavits and declarations
This Act may be cited as the
This Act commences on the day fixed by the Administrator by
In this Act:
(a) an Australian Consular Officer or Australian Diplomatic Officer, as defined in section 2 of the
Consular Fees Act 1955 (Cth); or(b) a person authorised, as mentioned in section 3(c) or (d) of the
Consular Fees Act 1955 (Cth), to administer an oath.
(a) an officer of the Australian Navy who holds the rank of Lieutenant or a higher rank; or
(b) an officer of the Australian Army who holds the rank of Captain or a higher rank; or
(c) an officer of the Australian Air Force who holds the rank of Flight-Lieutenant or a higher rank.
Part IIAA of the Criminal Code applies to an offence against this Act.
(1) If, under a law in force in the Territory, a person is to take an oath, the form of the oath must be one of the following, according to the person’s preference:
(a) I, … [full name] …, promise ... [content of oath] ;
(b) I, … [full name] …, swear by Almighty God
[or a deity recognised by the person’s religion] … [content of oath]… So help me God![or as appropriate].
(2) If an oath is to be taken by a person (
person A ), the person administering the oath must:(a) inform person A that he or she can choose the form of the oath, unless satisfied person A already knows of that choice; and
(b) ask person A to choose his or her preferred form of oath.
(3) Person A is taken to have chosen to take the oath in the form mentioned in subsection (1)(a) if:
(a) person A refuses to make a choice; or
(b) person A indicates he or she does not have a preference; or
(c) the person administering the oath is satisfied it is not reasonably practicable for person A to take an oath in his or her chosen form.
(4) The person taking the oath may insert into the words mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (b), after his or her name, his or her address or other identifying information.
The content of the oath is to be:
(a) if the oath is required under an Act that provides for the content of the oath – as so provided; or
(b) if the oath is to be made by a person mentioned in Schedule 1 and paragraph (a) does not apply – as set out in Schedule 1 for that person; or
(c) in any other case – as determined by the person administering the oath to be appropriate in the circumstances.
(1) An oath taken at a place in the Territory must be administered by one of the following:
(a) if the oath is taken by a person who is in court:
(i) the presiding officer of the court; or
(ii) if it is not reasonably practicable for the presiding officer to administer the oath – a person authorised by the presiding officer to do so;
(b) if the oath is taken by a person who is before a tribunal:
(i) if the tribunal is or is constituted by a single individual – the tribunal; or
(ii) if the tribunal is constituted by 2 or more members – one of the sitting members of the tribunal;
(c) if neither paragraph (a) nor (b) apply:
(i) a justice of the peace; or
(ii) a commissioner for oaths;
(d) in any case – any other person authorised by an Act to administer the oath.
(2) An oath taken at a place outside the Territory for the purposes of a matter in the Territory must be administered by one of the following:
(a) a person who has authority, under the law of the place, to administer an oath, take an affirmation or carry out a comparable process;
(b) a consular official who is performing official functions at the place;
(c) if the person taking the oath is a member of the Australian Defence Force – a defence force officer;
(d) any other person authorised by an Act to administer the oath.
8 How oath to be administered in court or tribunal (1) If an oath is to be taken by a person (
person A ) who is in court or before a tribunal, the person administering the oath is to ask person A:(a) if the oath is to be taken in the form mentioned in section 5(1)(a) – "Do you, … [full name] …, promise … [content of oath] ?"; or
(b) if the oath is to be taken in the form mentioned in section 5(1)(b) – "Do you, … [full name] …, swear by Almighty God
[or other deity] … [content of oath] … So help you God![or as appropriate] ?".
(2) Person A takes the oath if he or she gives an unconditional affirmative answer.
(3) If the oath is taken in the form mentioned in section 5(1)(b) the words "So help me God!"
[or as appropriate] are taken to be an unconditional affirmative answer.(4) Person A is taken to have refused to take the oath if he or she:
(a) gives any other answer; or
(b) refuses to answer.
(5) The person administering the oath may insert into the words mentioned in subsection (1)(a) or (b), after the name of the person taking the oath, that person’s address or other identifying information.
(1) If an oath is to be taken by a person (
person A ) who is not in court or before a tribunal, the person administering the oath (person B ) is to require person A, in the presence of person B, to say aloud the words of the oath either by repeating them after person B or by reading them.(2) For subsection (1), person A may take an oath in the physical presence of person B or by audiovisual link with person B.
Note for section 9 If person A is unable to say the words aloud, the oath may be administered in a different way under section 11.
(1) Sections 5 to 9 do not affect any other Act that expressly provides:
(a) for a person to take an oath in a different form; or
(b) for an oath to be administered by a different person; or
(c) for an oath to be administered in a different way.
(2) However if, under another Act, a person is required to take an oath in a form that involves a reference to God or otherwise has any religious connotations, the person may choose to take the oath in the form provided by section 5(1)(a) instead.
(3) If another Act provides for a different form of oath but does not provide for how it is to be administered, the oath is to be administered as nearly as practicable in a way provided by section 8 or 9 (as appropriate).
Despite any requirement under this Act to take or administer an oath in a certain manner, a person taking an oath (
(a) understands the consequences of taking an oath; and
(b) is taking the oath honestly and in good faith intending to be bound by it.
(1) It is not necessary that a religious text be used in taking an oath.
(2) The fact that at the time of taking an oath a person did not have a religious belief, or did not have a religious belief of a particular kind, does not affect the validity of the oath.
(1) An affidavit for any purpose in the Territory must be made in accordance with this section.
(2) The affidavit must set out the full name of the person making it.
(3) The affidavit must conclude with a statement:
(a) that the affidavit is made by the person making it in the presence, whether physically or by audiovisual link, of an authorised witness; and
(b) setting out the place where, and the date when, the affidavit is made.
(4) An attachment to the affidavit must include on its front page a statement identifying it as the attachment referred to in the affidavit.
(5) The person making the affidavit must:
(a) sign the affidavit immediately after the statement required by subsection (3); and
(b) sign each other page of the affidavit; and
(c) sign or initial any alteration made to the affidavit; and
(d) in the presence of an authorised witness, whether physically or by audiovisual link, state on oath, that:
(i) the person is the person named as the maker of the affidavit; and
(ii) the contents of the affidavit are true; and
(iii) the signature is the person’s; and
(iv) if necessary, any attachment to the affidavit is the attachment referred to in it.
Note for subsection (5) Subsection (5)(a), (b) and (c) need not be complied with in the presence of an authorised witness. (6) After the person making the affidavit has complied with subsection (5)(d), the authorised witness must:
(a) under or near the statement required by subsection (3):
(i) sign the affidavit; and
(ii) write the authorised witness’s:
(A) full name; and
(B) qualification as an authorised witness; and
(C) address or telephone number; and
(b) sign each other page of the affidavit; and
(c) sign or initial any alteration made to the affidavit that has been signed or initialled by the maker; and
(d) for any attachment identified under subsection (5)(d)(iv) – sign or initial the attachment under or near the statement required by subsection (4).
(6A) If a person makes an oath under subsection (5)(d) by audiovisual link:
(a) the authorised witness may use a scanned or electronic copy of the affidavit for the purposes of complying with the requirements of subsection (6); and
(b) the person’s affidavit must, in addition to any other requirement for making an affidavit, include a statement:
(i) specifying the manner of the making of the oath; and
(ii) whether a scanned or electronic copy of the affidavit was used in accordance with paragraph (a).
(7) In this section:
authorised witness , for an affidavit, means a person who is authorised under section 15 to witness the affidavit.
A requirement under this Part for a person making an affidavit or an authorised witness to sign or initial an affidavit or an attachment to the affidavit is satisfied if the person or the authorised witness signs or initials the affidavit or attachment by electronic means.
(1) An affidavit made at a place in the Territory must be witnessed by one of the following:
(a) a justice of the peace;
(b) a commissioner for oaths;
(c) any other person authorised by an Act to witness the affidavit.
(2) An affidavit made at a place outside the Territory must be witnessed by one of the following:
(a) a person who has authority under the law of the place:
(i) to administer an oath, take an affirmation or carry out a comparable process; or
(ii) to witness the making of an affidavit or comparable document;
(b) a consular official who is performing official functions at the place;
(c) if the person making the affidavit is a member of the Australian Defence Force – a defence force officer;
(d) any other person authorised by an Act to witness the affidavit.
16 Other Acts may provide for how affidavit to be made Sections 14 and 15 do not affect any other Act that expressly provides for an affidavit:
(a) to be made in a different way; or
(b) to be witnessed by a different person.
Part 4 Statutory and unattested declarations
(1) A person may make a statutory declaration or unattested declaration about any matter at any time.
(2) Subsection (1) does not affect:
(a) any other Act that requires a person to make a statutory declaration or unattested declaration about a matter; or
(b) any law in force in the Territory as to the purposes for which a statutory declaration or unattested declaration may be used.
18 Form of declaration (1) If a person is to make a statutory declaration or unattested declaration, the form of the declaration must be the words "I, … [full name] …, solemnly and sincerely declare …" followed by the content of the declaration.
(2) A statutory declaration must be made:
(a) in writing under section 19; or
(b) as a recording under section 20.
(3) An unattested declaration must be made in writing under section 21.
(4) A person making a statutory declaration or unattested declaration may insert into the words mentioned in subsection (1), after his or her name, his or her address or other identifying information.
(2) A written statutory declaration must conclude with a statement:
(a) that the declaration is true; and
(b) to the effect that the person making the declaration knows it is an offence to make a statutory declaration that is false in any material particular; and
(c) setting out the place where, and the date when, the declaration is made.
(3) An attachment to the statutory declaration must include on its front page a statement identifying it as the attachment referred to in the declaration.
(4) The person making the declaration must, in the presence (whether physically or by audiovisual link) of an adult witness:
(a) sign the declaration immediately after the statement required by subsection (2); and
(b) for any attachment to the declaration – identify it to the witness as the attachment referred to in the declaration.
(5) After the person making the declaration has complied with subsection (4), the witness must:
(a) under or near the maker’s signature:
(i) sign the declaration; and
(ii) write the witness’s:
(A) full name; and
(B) address or telephone number; and
(b) for any attachment identified under subsection (4)(b) – sign or initial the attachment under or near the statement required by subsection (3).
(6) If a person is making a statutory declaration by audiovisual link:
(a) the witness may use a scanned or electronic copy of the declaration for the purposes of complying with subsection (5); and
(b) the declaration must, in addition to any other requirement for a declaration, include a statement:
(i) specifying the manner of the making of the declaration; and
(ii) whether a scanned or electronic copy of the declaration was used in accordance with paragraph (a).
20 Recorded statutory declaration
(1) A statutory declaration may be made as an audio or audiovisual recording of any kind.
(3) The person making the declaration must make a statement at the end of the recording:
(a) that the declaration is true; and
(b) to the effect that the person knows it is an offence to make a statutory declaration that is false in any material particular; and
(c) setting out the place where, and the date when, the statement required by this subsection is recorded.
(4) The statement required by subsection (3) must be recorded in the presence, whether physically or by audiovisual link, of an adult witness.
Note for subsection (4) The witness does not have to be present for the making of the rest of the declaration recording. (5) After the person making the declaration has recorded the statement required by subsection (3), the witness must make a statement, at the end of the recording, stating:
(a) the witness’s full name and address or telephone number; and
(b) that the witness witnessed the recording of the statement required by subsection (3).
21 Unattested declarations (2) An unattested declaration must conclude with a statement:
(a) that the declaration is true; and
(b) to the effect that the person making the declaration knows it is an offence to make a declaration that is false in any material particular; and
(c) setting out the place where, and the date when, the declaration is made.
(3) The person making the declaration must sign the declaration.
Note for section 21 An unattested declaration does not have to be witnessed.
A requirement under this Part for a person making a statutory declaration or unattested declaration or a witness to sign or initial a statutory declaration or an attachment to a statutory declaration is satisfied if the person or the witness signs or initials the statutory declaration (including any attachment) or the unattested declaration by electronic means.
Sections 18, 19, 20, 21 and 21A do not affect any other Act that expressly provides for:
(a) a statutory declaration or unattested declaration to be made in a different way; or
(b) a statutory declaration to be witnessed by a particular person or class of persons.
(1) Each of the following is a commissioner for oaths:
(a) a member of the Legislative Assembly;
(b) a member of the Commonwealth Senate who represents the Territory;
(c) a member of the Commonwealth House of Representatives who represents an electorate in the Territory;
(d) a legal practitioner;
(e) a police officer;
(f) a person appointed under subsection (2).
(2) The Minister may, in writing, appoint a person to be a commissioner for oaths for a period specified in the appointment and not exceeding 5 years.
(1) A commissioner for oaths may do any of the following for a law of the Territory:
(a) administer an oath;
(b) witness an affidavit;
(c) attest the execution of any other document.
(2) After attesting the execution of a document, a commissioner for oaths must:
(a) sign the document; and
(b) write the commissioner’s:
(i) full name; and
(ii) qualification as a commissioner for oaths; and
(iii) address or telephone number.
(3) If a commissioner for oaths is attesting the execution of a document by audiovisual link, the commissioner may use a scanned or electronic copy of the document for the purposes of complying with the requirements of subsection (2).
(4) A requirement under subsection (2) for a commissioner for oaths to sign a document is satisfied if the commissioner signs the document by electronic means.
(1) Inadvertent non-compliance with a formal requirement that does not materially affect the nature of an oath, affidavit, statutory declaration or unattested declaration does not invalidate or otherwise affect the force and effect of the oath, affidavit or declaration.
(2) In this section:
formal requirement means a requirement imposed by this or any other Act about the form or content of an oath, affidavit or declaration or how it is to be administered or made.
(1) If a person makes a relevant document at a place outside the Territory, the document may be counter-signed by any person who could, under section 15(2), witness the document if it were being made as an affidavit.
(1A) A person may counter-sign a document by audiovisual link or other electronic means.
(2) If it is necessary for any purpose in the Territory for a notarial act to be done at a place outside the Territory, the notarial act may be done by any person who could, under section 15(2), witness, in person or by audiovisual link, the making of an affidavit at the place by the person for whom the notarial act is to be done.
(3) In this section:
counter-sign , for a document, means:(a) witness the execution of the document; or
(b) verify or acknowledge the document; or
(c) otherwise sign the document in a capacity other than as the maker of the document.
notarial act , for a place outside the Territory, means anything a notary public may do at the place under any law, custom or otherwise.relevant document means a document that is required under an Act, or for any other purpose in the Territory, to be counter-signed.
It is presumed, unless the contrary is proved, that:
(a) an affidavit purporting to have been witnessed in accordance with sections 14 and 15 was so witnessed; and
(b) a document purporting to have been attested by a commissioner for oaths was so attested; and
(c) a relevant document, as defined in section 25, purporting to have been counter-signed in accordance with that section was so counter-signed.
(1) A person must not do anything to an affidavit, statutory declaration or unattested declaration that results in it becoming false or misleading.
Fault elements:
The person:
(a) intentionally does the thing; and
(b) in doing the thing, intends the affidavit or declaration to become false or misleading.
Maximum penalty: 400 penalty units or imprisonment for 4 years.
(2) A person must not do anything to an affidavit, statutory declaration or unattested declaration that results in it becoming false or misleading.
Fault elements:
The person:
(a) intentionally does the thing; and
(b) in doing the thing, is reckless as to whether the affidavit or declaration becomes false or misleading.
Maximum penalty: 200 penalty units or imprisonment for 2 years.
(3) If on the trial of a person charged with an offence against subsection (1) the trier of fact is not satisfied the person committed the offence but is satisfied the person committed an offence against subsection (2):
(a) the trier of fact may find the person not guilty of the offence charged but guilty of the offence under subsection (2); and
(b) the person is liable to punishment accordingly.
28 Competence of witness unable to understand nature of oath (1) This section applies if:
(a) a person (the
witness ) is required to give evidence on oath before a court or tribunal; and(b) the court or tribunal is satisfied the witness is incapable of understanding the nature of an oath; and
(c) the court or tribunal is satisfied the witness:
(i) if at least 14 years of age – understands he or she may be punished if he or she gives evidence that is false; or
(ii) if under 14 years of age – is capable of giving an intelligible account of his or her experience.
(2) The court or tribunal may permit the witness to give evidence without taking an oath.
(3) Evidence given under subsection (2) is taken to have been given on oath.
(4) This section does not affect any rule of law or practice relating to the corroboration of evidence.
(5) This section also applies with any necessary changes to a person who is to act as an interpreter in a court or tribunal.
(1) A requirement under this Act for the presence of a witness may be met by the witness being present by audiovisual link.
(2) If a witness is present by audiovisual link, the following requirements must be met:
(a) if a person is required to sign a document in the presence of a witness:
(i) the witness sees the person sign the document; and
(ii) the witness must be reasonably satisfied that the document the witness signs is the same document or a copy of the document that the person signed;
(b) if a person is required to take an oath – the witness is able to hear the oath being taken by the person.
Note for subsection (2)(b) If the person is unable to say the oath aloud, the oath may be administered in a different way under section 11. (3) In this section:
witness includes the following:(a) an authorised witness;
(b) an adult witness;
(c) a commissioner for oaths;
(d) a justice of the peace.
29 Regulations The Administrator may make regulations under this Act.
The Acts specified in Schedule 2 are repealed.
In this Division:
(1) This section applies to a person who was a Commissioner for Oaths under section 17(2) of the repealed Act immediately before the commencement.
(2) The person continues to be a commissioner for oaths until the end of the person’s term of appointment under the repealed Act as if the person had been appointed under section 23(2) of this Act.
An oath, affidavit or declaration sworn or made before the commencement is as valid and effective after the commencement as it would have been had this Act and the
section 6(b)
1. | Person who is to give evidence on oath in court | … to tell the truth to this court. |
2. | Person who is to give evidence on oath before a tribunal | … to tell the truth |
3. | Person who is to answer questions put by a tribunal conducting an investigation or examination | … to answer truthfully all questions put to me |
4. | Person who is to act as interpreter in court or tribunal | … to well and truly interpret the evidence to be given by |
5. | Person making affidavit | … that: |
6. | Person taking oath of office | … to perform the functions of the office of |
section 30
Act No. 23 of 1939 | |
Act No. 2 of 1952 | |
Act No. 13 of 1953 | |
Act No. 14 of 1960 | |
Act No. 34 of 1965 | |
Act No. 24 of 1967 | |
Act No. 63 of 1970 | |
Act No. 22 of 1978 | |
Act No. 35 of 1981 | |
Act No. 39 of 1988 | |
Act No. 1 of 1989 | |
Act No. 49 of 1991 | |
Act No. 81 of 1993 | |
Act No. 15 of 1994 | |
Act No. 47 of 2000 |
1 KEY
Key to abbreviations
2 LIST OF LEGISLATION
Assent date | 18 November 2010 |
Commenced | 1 March 2011 ( |
Assent date | 21 March 2012 |
Commenced | pts 2, 3 and 5 to 7: 1 August 2012; rem: 1 September 2012 ( |
Assent date | 1 March 2022 |
Commenced | 2 March 2022 (s 2) |
3 GENERAL AMENDMENTS
General amendments of a formal nature (which are not referred to in the table of amendments to this reprint) are made by the
4 LIST OF AMENDMENTS
s 3 amd No. 2, 2022, s 22
s 5 amd No. 2, 2012, s 17
s 8 amd No. 2, 2012, s 18
s 9 sub No. 2, 2022, s 23
s 11 amd No. 2, 2022, s 24
s 13 rep No. 2, 2012, s 19
s 14 amd No. 2, 2022, s 25
s 14A ins No. 2, 2022, s 26
s 18 amd No. 2, 2012, s 20
s 19 amd No. 2, 2012, s 21; No. 2, 2022, s 27
s 20 amd No. 2, 2012, s 22; No. 2, 2022, s 28
s 21 amd No. 2, 2012, s 23
s 21A ins No. 2, 2022, s 29
s 22 amd No. 2, 2022, s 30
s 24 amd No. 2, 2022, s 31
s 24A ins No. 2, 2012, s 24
s 25 amd No. 2, 2022, s 32
s 28A ins No. 2, 2022, s 33
s 34 exp No. 39, 2010, s 3494)
sch 1 amd No. 2, 2012, s 25
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