Navigation (Life-saving Appliances) Regulations (Cth)

STATUTORY RULES.

1935. No. 100.

REGULATIONS UNDER THE NAVIGATION ACT 1912-1935.*

I, THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations under the Navigation Act 1912-1935.

Dated this sixteenth day of October, 1935.

Governor-General.

By His Excellency’s Command,

for the Minister of State for Commerce.

________

NAVIGATION (LIFE-SAVING APPLIANCES)

REGULATIONS.

Part I.—Preliminary.

Short title.

1. These Regulations may be cited as the Navigation (Life-saving Appliances) Regulations.

Parts.

2. These Regulations are divided into Parts, as follows:—

Part I.—Preliminary.

Part II.—Classification of Ships.

Part III.—Equipment of Ships with Life-saving Appliances.

Division 1.—General Requirements as to Lifeboats and Buoyant Apparatus.

Division 2.—Sea-going passenger steamships carrying more than twelve passengers.

Division 3.—Sea-going steamships not carrying more than twelve passengers.

Division 4.—Sea-going sailing ships carrying more than twelve passengers.

Division 5.—Sea-going sailing ships not carrying more than twelve passengers.

Division 6.—River and bay ships carrying more than twelve passengers.

Division 7.—River and bay ships not carrying more than twelve passengers.

* Notified in the Commonwealth Gazette on, 1935.

567—12/11.9.1935—Price 1s. 3d.

Part IV.—General.

Division 1.—Boats, Life-rafts, Buoyant Apparatus, and other Life-saving Appliances.

Division 2.—Line-throwing Apparatus.

Division 3.—Embarkation in the Boats and Life-rafts.

Division 4.—Means of Ingress and Egress and Emergency Lighting.

Division 5.—Certificated Lifeboatmen

Part V.—Miscellaneous.

Commencement.

3. These Regulations shall commence on the thirty-first day of October, 1935.

Repeal.

4. Parts I. to VI. (inclusive) of the Navigation (Life-saving and Fire Appliances) Regulations (being Statutory Rules 1925, No. 50, as amended by Statutory Rules 1925, No. 86; 1930, No. 18; 1931, No. 95;and by 1934, No. 153) are repealed.

Definitions.

5. In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears—

“approved” means approved by the Director;
“boat” means a lifeboat;
“cargo ship” means a ship other than a passenger ship;
“certified to carry passengers,” in relation to a ship, means certified under the Navigation (Survey and Equipment) Regulations to carry more than twelve passengers;
“daylight” shall be reckoned as extending from one hour before sunrise to one hour after sunset;
“length,” in relation to a ship, means registered length;
“passenger ship”, “passenger steamship”, and “passenger sailing ship”, mean respectively a ship, steamship or sailing ship which is certified to carry more than twelve passengers, and includes a ship, steamship or sailing ship, as the case may be, which, although not being so certified, actually carries more than twelve passengers;
“person” means a person over the age of one year;
‘Schedule” means a Schedule to these Regulations;
“surveyor” means a person appointed under the Navigation Act to survey ships and their equipment;
“the Navigation Act” means the Navigation Act 1912-1935, and includes that Act as amended from time to time.

Application of Regulations.

6. These Regulations shall apply to all ships registered in Australia or licensed to engage in the coasting trade, and to ships not registered in Australia which take on board passengers in Australian ports, but shall not apply to ships trading exclusively within the limits of a single State.

Part II.—Classification of Ships.

Classification of ships.

7. For the purposes of these Regulations, ships to whichthese Regulations apply are divided into the following classes:—

Class I.—Sea-going passenger steamships carrying more than twelve passengers;
ClassII.—Sea-going steamships not carrying more than twelve passengers;
Class III.—Sea-going sailing ships carrying more than twelve passengers;

ClassIV.—Sea-going sailing ships not carrying more than twelve passengers;
Class V.—River and bay ships carrying more than twelve passengers;
ClassVI.—River and bay ships not carrying more than twelve passengers.

Part III.—Equipment of Ships with Life-saving Appliances.

Division 1.—General Requirements as to Lifeboats and Buoyant Apparatus.

Lifeboats and buoyant apparatus to be adequate and readily available.

8.—(1.) The lifeboats and buoyant apparatus in a ship shall be readily available in case of emergency and shall be adequate.

(2.) To ensure that they are readily available, the lifeboats and buoyant apparatus shall comply with the following conditions:—

(a)They must be capable of being put into the water safely and rapidly even under unfavorable conditions of list and trim;
(b)It must be possible to embark the passengers in the boats rapidly and in good order; and
(c) The arrangement of each boat and articleof buoyant apparatus must be such that it will not interfere with the operation of other boats and buoyant apparatus.

(3.) To ensure that they are adequate, the provision of lifeboats and buoyant apparatus shall be in accordance with the requirements of such of these Regulations as are applicable.

Division 2.—Sea-going Passenger Steamships carrying more than Twelve Passengers.

Determination of number of persons that a ship is certified to carry.

9. Where there is in force, in respect of any ship to which regulations 10 to 14 (inclusive) of these Regulations apply, a memorandum under section 216a of the Navigation Act (which relates to the modification of safety certificates in respect of life-saving appliances), the number of persons stated in the memorandum shall, for the purposes of these Regulations, be treated as the number of persons which the ship is certified to carry.

Davits, lifeboats and buoyant apparatus.

10.—(1.) Every ship of Class I. shall be provided, in accordance with its length, with the number of sets of davits specified in column A of the Table in Schedule I.:

Provided that no ship shall be required to have a number of sets of davits greater than the number of lifeboats required to accommodate the total number of persons which the ship carries or is certified to carry, whichever number is the greater.

(2.) A lifeboat of Class 1 shall be attached to each set of davits.

(3.) Where the lifeboats attached to the davits do not furnish sufficient accommodation for the total number of persons which the ship carries or is certified to carry, whichever number is the greater, provision shall be made to the satisfaction of the Deputy Director to carry such additional lifeboats as are required to make up the deficiency in the accommodation.

(4.) Any additional lifeboats necessary to make up the total lifeboat accommodation required by sub-regulation (3.) of this regulation shall be lifeboats of either Class 1 or Class 2.

(5.) Subject to the provisions of regulation 61, the additional lifeboats shall be distributed as follows:—

(i) One additional lifeboat, up to the number required, shall be stowed under each set of davits;
(ii) The remaining boats (if any) shall be carried inboard.

(6.) Notwithstanding the requirements of sub-regulation (3.) of this regulation, the Deputy Director may, if he is of the opinion that life-rafts will be more readily available and otherwise more satisfactory in a case of emergency than the additional lifeboats mentioned in paragraph (ii) of sub-regulation (5.) of this regulation, allow life-rafts to be carried, in lieu of any such lifeboats, with sufficient accommodation for those persons for whom accommodation is not provided in lifeboats:

Provided that this sub-regulation shall not apply in any case unless the total capacity of the lifeboats under davits and stowed under boats attached to davits is at least equal to the minimum cubic capacity specified in column C of the Table in Schedule I.

(7.) Where the number of lifeboats carried in pursuance of this regulation is more than 13, one of such lifeboats shall be a motor boat fitted with an approved wireless telegraphy installation and searchlight, and where the number is more than 19 two of such lifeboats shall be motor boats so fitted.

(8.) Any of the other lifeboats, except such as the Director requires to be carried as emergency boats, may be motor boats, but it shall not be compulsory for these additional motor boats to be fitted with wireless telegraphy installations or searchlights.

Buoyant apparatus—Class I. Ships.

11. Every ship of Class I. shall, in addition to the lifeboats and life-rafts carried in pursuance of regulation 10 of these Regulations, carry approved buoyant apparatus sufficient to support 25 per cent. of the total number of persons which the ship carries or is certified to carry, whichever number is the greater.

Lifebuoys—Class I. Ships.

12.Every ship of Class I. shall carry at least the number of lifebuoys determined in accordance with the following Table:—

Length of Ship.	Minimum Number of Lifebuoys.
Under 200 feet......................................................	8
200 feet and under 400 feet...................................	12
400 feet and under 600 feet...................................	18
600 feet and under 800 feet...................................	24
800 feet and over..................................................	30

Life-jackets—Class 1. Ships.

13. Every ship of Class I. shall carry one approved life-jacket for each person on board.

Line-throwing apparatus—Class I. Ships.

14. Every ship of Class I. shall carry an approved Class 1 type of line-throwing apparatus equipped as provided by regulation 68 of these Regulations.

Special provisions as regards ships engaged in short excursion voyages, &c.

15. Notwithstanding anything contained in regulations 10 to 14 (inclusive) of these Regulations, a ship of Class 1, while engaged in carrying passengers—

(a) on short voyages near the coast approved by the Deputy Director;
(b) ondaylight excursions during periods specified bythe Deputy Director and approved by him,

shall not be required to carry—

(i) more sets of davits than are specified in Table A of Schedule II.; or
(ii) lifeboats of a greater aggregate cubic capacity than is specified in Table B of Schedule II.,

for a ship of her length.

Division 3.—Sea-going Steamships not carrying more than Twelve Passengers.

Lifeboats—Class II. Ships.

16.—(1.) Every ship of Class II. shall, subject to the next succeeding sub-regulation, carry on each side of the ship lifeboats of Class 1 in such number and of such aggregate capacity as will accommodate all persons on board.

(2.) Where not less than half the total capacity on each side of the ship is provided in lifeboats of Class 1, the Deputy Director may allow the following boats to be carried:—

(a)If the number of lifeboats of Class 1 required to be carried under this regulation is three—a boat of Class 3 instead of one of them;
(b)If the number of lifeboats of Class 1 exceeds three—one or two boats of Class 3 instead of the same number of such lifeboats; and
(c)Any number of boats of Class 3 instead of the same number of lifeboats of Class 1 in the case of ships engaged in special trades where the circumstances are such as to justify this replacement.

Davits—Class II. Ships.

17. In steamships of Class II., the lifeboats, and boats of Class 3 carried in place of lifeboats, shall be attached to davits.

Life-buoys and jackets—Class II. Ships.

18.—(1.) A steamship of Class II. shall carry approved life-buoys as follows:—

(a)If under 100 feet in length, at least two life-buoys;
(b)If 100 feet or over in length, but under 200 feet, at least four life-buoys; and
(c)If 200 feet or over in length, at least six life-buoys.

(2.) In all cases a steamship of Class II. shall carry one approved life-jacket for each person on board.

Line-throwing apparatus—Class II. Ships.

19. A steamship of Class II. of 150 tons gross tonnage and upwards shall carry an approved Class 2 type of line-throwing apparatus equipped as required by regulation 70 of these Regulations.

Division 4.—Sea-going Sailing Ships carrying more than Twelve Passengers.

Lifeboats—Class III. Ships.

20. Every ship of Class III. shall carry such number of lifeboats and of such aggregate capacity as will accommodate all persons on board.

Davits—Class III. Ships.

21. In ships of Class III., the lifeboats shall be attached to davits so far as, in the opinion of the surveyor, is practicable.

Life-buoys and jackets—Class III. Ships.

22. At least six approved life-buoys shall be carried on every ship of Class III., together with one approved life-jacket for each person on board.

Line-throwing apparatus—Class III. Ships.

23. Every ship of Class III. shall carry an approved Class 1 type of line-throwing apparatus equipped as provided by regulation 69 of these Regulations.

Division 5.—Sea-going Sailing Ships not carrying more than Twelve Passengers.

Lifeboats—Class IV. Ships.

24.—(1.) Every ship of Class IV. shall carry a lifeboat or lifeboats of Class 1 of such capacity as will accommodate all persons on board.

(2.) If only one lifeboat is required under this regulation, a boat of Class 3 shall be carried in addition, and if the number of lifeboats required under this regulation exceeds two, a boat of Class 3 may be carried in place of one of such lifeboats.

Davits—Class IV. Ships.

25. In every ship of Class IV., two boats at least shall be attached to davits, one boat being on each side of the ship.

Life-buoys and life-jackets—Class IV. Ships.

26.—(1.) A ship of Class IV. shall carry approved life-buoys as follows:—

(a)If under 100 feet in length, at least two life-buoys; and
(b)If 100 feet or over in length, at least four life-buoys.

(2.) In all cases a ship of Class IV. shall carry one approved life-jacket for each person on board.

Line-throwing apparatus—Class IV. Ships.

27. A ship of Class IV. of 150 tons gross tonnage and upwards shall carry an approved Class 2 type of line-throwing apparatus equipped as required by regulation 70 of these Regulations.

Division 6.—River and Bay Ships carrying more than Twelve Passengers.

Boats, life-rafts and buoyant apparatus—Class V. Ships.

28. Every ship of Class V. plying in smooth water shall carry such boats, approved life-rafts, approved buoyant deck seats, or other approved buoyant apparatus, as are sufficient, together with the boat carried under the next succeeding regulation, where that regulation applies, for 40 per cent. of the total number of persons for which the ship is certified.

Position of boat—Class V. Ships.

29. Every ship of Class V., unless under 70 feet in length, shall carry a boat in such a position that it can be readily launched.

Life-buoys and jackets—Class V. Ships.

30. Every ship of Class V. shall carry at least four approved lifebuoys, and, for each person on board, one approved life-jacket.

Exemption of Class V. Ships.

31. The Director may, in special circumstances, exempt a ship of Class V., wholly or partly, from the requirements of these Regulations.

Division 6.—River and Bay Ships not carrying more than Twelve Passengers.

Lifeboats—Class vi. Ships.

32. Steamships of Class VI. plying in smooth water shall carry, equipped to the satisfaction of the Director, a boat or boats of sufficient capacity to accommodate at least all persons carried on board; and such ships shall have proper appliances for getting the boat or boats into the water.

Life-buoys and jackets—Class VI. Ships.

33. Every ship of Class VI. shall carry at least two approved lifebuoys, and for each person on board one approved life-jacket.

Exemption of Class VI. Ships.

34. The Director may, in special circumstances, exempt a steamship of Class VI., wholly or partly, from the requirements of these Regulations.

Part IV.—General.

Division 1.—Boats, Life-rafts, Buoyant Apparatus and other Life-saving Appliances.

Classification of boats.

35.—For the purposes of these Regulations, the standard types of boats are classified as follows:—

Class 1.—Open boats with rigid sides fitted either (a) with internal buoyancy appliances only, or (b) with internal and external buoyancy appliances. Such boats are referred to in these Regulations as lifeboats of Class 1;
Class 2.—(a) Open boats fitted with internal and external buoyancy appliances—upper parts of sides collapsible, and (b) decked boats with either fixed or collapsible watertight bulwarks. Such boats are referred to in these Regulations as lifeboats of Class 2;
Class 3.—Open boats constructed in accordance with the provisions of these Regulations relating to lifeboats of Class 1, but not fitted with the internal or external buoyancy appliances of lifeboats of that class. Such boats are referred to in these Regulations as lifeboats of Class 3.

Construction, stability, &c, of boats.

36. All boats shall be properly constructed, and shall be of such form and proportions that they shall have ample stability in a seaway, and sufficient freeboard when loaded with their full complement of persons and equipment. They shall be fitted and arranged to the satisfaction of the Director.

Structural strength.

37.—(1.) The structural strength of all boats shall be to the satisfaction of the Director.

(2.) In the case of boats carried on ships of Class I., the strength of such boats shall be sufficient to permit of their being safely lowered into the water when loaded with a full complement of persons and equipment:

Provided that this requirement shall not apply to any limited coast trade passenger ship where the height of the boat deck above the water line at the vessel’s lightest sea-going draught does not exceed 15 feet.

Height of thwarts.

38. In all open boats, all thwart and side seats shall be fitted as low in the boat as practicable, and bottom boards shall be fitted so that the thwarts shall not be more than 2 feet 9 inches above them.

Minimum capacity.

39. The cubic capacity of every boat shall be at least 125 cubic feet.

Buoyancy.

40. No boat shall be approved, the buoyancy of which depends upon the previous adjustment of one of the principal parts of the hull.

Maximum weight of laden boat.

41. No boat shall be approved, the weight of which when fully laden with persons and equipment exceeds 20 tons.

General requirements for boats.

42. In addition to the provisions of regulations 36 to 41 (inclusive) of these Regulations—

(a) Every lifeboat of Class 1 shall comply with the provisions of Part I, of Schedule IV.;

(b)Every lifeboat of Class 2 shall comply with the provisions of Part II. of Schedule IV.; and
(c) Every lifeboat of Class 3 shall comply with theprovisions of Part I. of Schedule IV., except the provisions relating to the volume of the external or internal buoyancy appliances of wooden boats.

Motor boats.

43. Every motor boat carried as part of the prescribed life-saving appliances of a ship of Class I., whether or not in compliance with sub-regulation (7.) of regulation 10 of these Regulation, shall comply with the following conditions:—

(a)The boat shall comply with the requirements for a life-boat of Class 1, subject to the provisions of regulation 44 as to buoyancy;
(b)Proper appliances shall be provided for putting the boat into the water speedily;
(c)The boat shall be adequately provided with fuel, and kept so as to be at all times ready for use;
(d)The motor and its accessories shall be suitably enclosed to ensure operation under adverse weather conditions, and provision shall be made for going astern;
(e)The speed shall be at least six knots when fully loaded in smooth water.

Volume of buoyancy motor boats.

44. The volume of the internal buoyancy appliances of a motor boat and, where fitted, the external buoyancy appliances shall be at least equal to that of the buoyancy appliances which would be required under these Regulation if the boat were not a motor boat and shall be increased above that volume if and to the extent that such increase is necessary to compensate for the difference between (a) the weight of the motor and its accessories, and if fitted, the searchlight and the wireless telegraph installation and their accessories, and (b)the weight of the additional persons which the boat could accommodate if the motor and its accessories, and if fitted, the searchlight and the wireless telegraph installation and their accessories were removed.

Volume of the buoyancy in boats carrying 100 or more persons to be increased.

45. In the case of boats which are certified to carry 100 or more persons, the volume of the buoyancy appliances shall be increased beyond the volume required by regulation 44 to such extent as is determined by the Minister.

Carrying capacity of boats.

46.—(1.) Subject as hereinafter provided, the number of persons which a boat shall be deemed fit to carry shall be equal to the greatest whole number ascertained by dividing the capacity of the boat in cubic feet, determined in accordance with the provisions of Part I. of Schedule V. or the surface of the boat in square feet determined in accordance with the provisions of Part II. of that Schedule, as the case may be, by the standard unit of capacity or unit of surface, as the case may be, shown in the following table:—

Type of Boat.	Standard Unit of Capacity.
Class 1 (a)............................................................................	10 cubic feet.
Class 1 (b)............................................................................	9 cubic feet.
Class 3.................................................................................	10 cubic feet.
Standard Unit of Surface.
Class 2.................................................................................	3½ square feet.

Provided that the Deputy Director may, in the case of a decked lifeboat of Class 2, accept, in place of 3½ square feet, a smaller unit of surface not being less than 3 square feet, if he is satisfied after trial that the number of persons for which there is proper seating accommodation in the boat is greater than the number obtained by applying the standard unit.

(2.) The number of persons which a boat is deemed fit to carry shall not—

(a) exceed the number of adult persons wearing life-jackets for which there is proper seating accommodation arranged in such a way that the persons when seated do not interfere in any way with the use of the oars; and
(b) in the case of lifeboats other than those of Class 1, be such as to reduce the freeboard of the boat, when fully laden, below the minimum freeboard laid down for each type of boat in Part II. of Schedule IV.

(3.) If the surveyor is doubtful as to the number of persons any boat is fit to carry, he may require the boat to be tested afloat fully laden with equipment and the intended number of persons all wearing life-jackets.

(4.) The following provisions shall apply in relation to tests for determining the number of persons which a boat or life-raft can accommodate and for the verification of freeboards:—

(a) For the purpose of such determination, each person shall be deemed to be an adult person wearing a life-jacket;
(b) For the purpose of such verification, a decked boat shall be loaded with a weight of not less than 165 pounds for each adult person that the boat is authorized to carry; and
(c) For all purposes, two children under the age of twelve years shall be reckoned as one person.

(5.) In the case of boats of Class 2 (b),the raised part of the deck at the sides may be regarded as affording seating accommodation.

(6.) In the case of boats of a depth of more than 4 feet, boats with very fine ends and boats very full in form, the number of persons which the boat is deemed fit to carry may be determined by the Deputy Director otherwise than in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this regulation.

General requirements for life-rafts.

47. A life-raft shall not he approved unless it complies with the following conditions:—

(a) It shall be of approved material and construction;
(b) It shall be effective and stable when floating either way up;
(c)It shall be fitted with fixed or collapsible bulwarks of wood, canvas or other suitable material on both sides;
(d)It shall have a line securely becketed round the outside;
(e)It shall be of such strength that it can be launched or thrown from the ship’s deck without being damaged, and if intended to be thrown it shall be of such size and weight that it can easily be handled;
(f) It shall have not less than three cubic feet of air-cases or equivalent buoyancy appliances for each person to be carried thereon;

(g)It shall have a deck area of not less than 4 square feet for each person to be carried thereon, and it shall effectively support the occupants out of the water; and
(h)The air-cases or equivalent buoyancy appliances shall be placed as near as possible to the sides of the life-raft, and such buoyancy appliances shall not be dependent on inflation by air.

General requirements for buoyant apparatus.

48.—(1.) Buoyant apparatus, whether buoyant deck seats, buoyant deck chairs or other buoyant apparatus, shall be deemed sufficient, so far as buoyancy is concerned, for the number of persons equal to the greatest whole number ascertained by dividing the number of pounds of iron which the apparatus is capable of supporting in fresh water by 32, and the apparatus shall be deemed fit to support the number so ascertained or a number equal to the number of feet in the perimeter of the apparatus whichever number is the smaller.

(2.) All such buoyant apparatus shall, in addition, comply with the following conditions:—

(a)It shall be of approved material and construction;
(b)It shall be effective and stable when floating either way up;
(c)It shall be of such size, strength and weight that it can be handled without mechanical appliances and, if necessary, thrown without damage from the ship’s deck on which it is stowed;
(d)If it depends for its buoyancy on air it shall not be so constructed as to require inflation before use in an emergency;
(e) The air-cases or equivalent buoyancyappliances shall be placed as near as possible to the sides of the apparatus; and
(f) It shall have a line securely becketed round the outside of the apparatus.

Marking of boats, life-rafts and buoyant apparatus.

49.—(1.) All boats shall be permanently marked to the satisfaction of the Director in such a way as to indicate plainly their dimensions and the number of persons which they are authorized to carry.

(2.) All life-rafts shall be marked in the same manner with the number of persons which they may carry.

(3.) All buoyant apparatus shall be marked in the same manner with an indication that they are buoyant and with the number of persons which they are deemed fit to support.

Equipment of boats.

50. Every boat which is carried by any ship shall be equipped with the following equipment:—

(a) The full single-banked complement of oars and two spare oars and a steering oar.
(b)Two plugs for each plug-hole,attached with lanyards or chains, and one set and a half of thole pins or crutches, attached to the boat by sound lanyards:
Provided that plugs shall not be required where proper automatic valves are fitted.
(c)A sea anchor suitably equipped, a bailer, a galvanized iron bucket, a rudder and a tiller, or yoke and yoke lines, a painter of sufficient length, and a boat-hook. The rudder, the bailer, and the bucket shall be attached to the boat by sufficiently long lanyards, and kept ready for use.

(d)A water-tight vessel capable of holding one quart of water for each person that the boat is deemed fit to carry. This vessel shall be kept filled with fresh water, and provided with a dipper with lanyard.
(e)Two hatchets, one to be kept in each end of the boat, and to be attached to the boat by a lanyard.
(f) A life-line securely becketed round the outside of the boat.
(g)An efficient lantern trimmed, with oil in its receiver sufficient to burn for eight hours; or with some other lantern or light at least as effective approved by the Director.

Additional equipment for boats in certain cases.

51. In addition to the equipment prescribed in the last preceding regulation, every boat carried on foreign-going, Australian-trade and limited coast-trade ships of all classes shall be equipped with—

(a) a mast or masts, and with at least one good sail and proper gear for each:
Provided that this paragraph shall not apply to an approved motor boat;
(b) an efficient compass of the “liquid” type provided with suitable means of illumination at night;
(c)an air tight receptacle containing 2 lb. of biscuits for each person for whom the boat is approved;
(d)one gallon of vegetable or animal oil contained in a vessel of approved pattern suitable for distributing the oil on the water in rough weather. The vessel shall be capable of being attached to the sea-anchor;
(e)at least one dozen self-igniting “red lights” in a watertight tin, and a box of suitable matches in a water-tight tin;
(f) one pound of condensed milk for each person the boat is certified to carry:
Provided that this paragraph shall apply to foreign-going ships only; and
(g)a suitable locker for the stowage of the small items of the equipment.

Boats accommodating more than 100 persons.

52. Every boat which is deemed fit to carry 100 or more persons shall be fitted with a motor and shall comply with the requirements of regulations 43, 44 and 45 of these Regulations.

Motor boat need not carry sails.

53. A motor boat need not carry a mast or sails or more than half the complement of oars, but it shall carry two boathooks.

Decked boats to be provided with two pumps.

54. A decked boat shall have no plug-hole, but shall be provided with at least two bilge pumps.

Wireless installation and search-lights on motor boats.

55.—(1.) The wireless installation to be carried on a motor boat in pursuance of regulation 10 of these Regulations shall be capable of transmission and reception on a frequency of 500 kilocycles (wavelength 600 metres) and shall be provided with a source of power sufficient to give a minimum of 10 metre amperes (the number of metre amperes being determined by multiplying the current in amperes measured at the base of the aerial by the maximum height in metres of the aerial above the water line) and to maintain the installation in operation, allowing for intermittent use, for a total period of six running hours.

(2.) The searchlight to be carried by a motor boat in pursuance of regulation 10 of these Regulations shall include a lamp of at least 80 watts, an efficient reflector and a source of power which will give effective illumination of a light-coloured object over a width of about 60 feet at a distance of 200 yards for a total period of six hours, and shall be capable of working for three hours continuously.

(3.) Where the power for the wireless installation and the searchlight is derived from the same source, that source shall be of sufficient power to provide for the adequate working of both appliances simultaneously.

Equipment of life-rafts.

56. The normal equipment of every approved life-raft shall consist of:—

(a)Four oars;
(b)Five rowlocks;
(c) A self-igniting lifebuoy light;
(d)A sea-anchor;
(e)A painter;
(f) A vessel of approved pattern containing one gallon of vegetable or animal oil so constructed that the oil can be easily distributed on the water, and so arranged that it can be attached to the sea-anchor;
(g)An airtight receptacle containing two pounds of biscuits for each person to be carried;
(h)A watertight receptacle provided with a dipper with lanyard containing one quart of fresh water for each person; and
(i)At least one dozen self-igniting “red lights” in a water-tight container and a box of matches in a water-tight container.

Equipment of buoyancy apparatus for Class I. Ships.

57. The equipment of all buoyant apparatus of the raft type carried by a Class I. ship shall consist of—

(a)two paddles and one boat-hook or two paddles and boat-hooks combined attached to the buoyantapparatus by lanyards;
(b)a painter of sufficient length; and
(c) a self-igniting light and two signal flares of approved pattern, the self-igniting light to be attached tothe buoyant apparatus by lanyards of suitable length:

Provided that it shall not be compulsory to carry the paddles, boat-hook and flares on buoyant apparatus designed to support less than 25 persons.

Movable equipment to be branded.

58. In the case of ships registered in Australia, such movable articles of the equipment as may become flotsam shall, for the purpose of identification, be indelibly marked, to the satisfaction of the surveyor, with the ship’s name or signal letters.

Boat covers.

59.—(1.) Except with the approval of the Director, wooden boat covers shall not be fitted in passenger ships, but wooden boat covers of a type approved by the surveyor may be fitted in vessels not carrying passengers.

(2.) Canvas covers shall not be laced to a boat, but may be secured by having sewn to them lugs or crow-feet, in pairs, with a single lanyard of small stuff spliced into the outboard lug, passing under the keel and toggled or slip-hitched to the inboard lug, or in any other equally efficient manner approved by the surveyor.

Stowage of equipment.

60. All boats and life-rafts shall be fully equipped before the ship proceeds to sea, and the equipment shall remain in the boat or life-raft throughout the voyage, while the ship is at sea, or shall be stowed in some convenient place where it will be immediately available in case of emergency.

Stowage and handling of boats, &c.

61.—(1.) All boats attached to davits and all boats stowed under boats attached to davits shall be stowed to the satisfaction of the surveyor in such a way that—

(a)they can be launched in the shortest possible time;
(b)they will not impede in any way the prompt handling of any other of the boats attached to davits or stowed under boats attached to davits, or the buoyant apparatus carried in pursuance of regulation 11 of these Regulations, or the marshalling of the persons on board at the launching stations, or their embarkation; and
(c)as large a number of persons as possible can be embarked in them even under conditions of list and trim unfavorable from the point of view of the handling of the boats.

(2.) The following provisions shall apply to the stowage of boats and life-rafts additional to boats stowed under boats attached to davits:—

(a)Such boats and life-rafts shall be stowed across a deck, bridge or poop and so secured that they will have the best chance of floating free of the ship if there is no time to launch them;
(b)The boats and life-rafts shall not be stowed in such manner or position that they will be likely to impede in any way the prompt handling of the boats attached to davits or the boats stowed under boats attached to davits, or the buoyant apparatus, or the marshalling of the persons on board at the launching stations or their embarkation;
(c)As large a number as possible of such additional boats shall be capable of being launched on either side of the ship by means of approved appliances for transferring them from one side of the deck to the other; and
(d)Means shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Director for lowering such additional boats into the water in the shortest possible time.

(3.)Subject to the foregoing provisions of this regulation, boats may be stowed one above the other, or they may, subjectto such conditions as the Minister may impose, be fitted one within another, but where boats so fitted require lifting before being launched they may only be so fitted if mechanical power appliances for lifting are provided.In no other case shall boats be so stowed as to require lifting before being launched.

(4.) Where a boat is stowed underneath another boat, approved removable supports or other approved appliances shall be provided in order to ensure that the weight of a boat is not unduly supported by the boat underneath it.

(5.) Boats may be stowed on more than one deck on condition that proper measures are taken to prevent boats on a lower deck being fouled by those stowed on a deck above.

(6.) Boats shall not be placed in the bows of a ship or in any other position in which they are likely to be brought into dangerous proximity to the propellers at the time of launching.

(7.) Life-rafts and buoyant apparatus shall be so stowed as to be readily available in case of emergency.

Davits, &c.

62. The following provisions shall apply with regard to davits, falls, blocks, life-lines and other gear used in connexion with the stowage and handling of boats:—

(a) Davits shall be of approved form and shall be suitably placed to the satisfaction of the Director. They shall be so disposed on one or more decks that the boats placed under them can be safely lowered without interference from the operation of any other davits;
(b)The davits, falls, blocks and such other gear shall be of sufficient strength to the satisfaction of the Director;
(c)In the case of ships of Class I., the davits, falls, blocks and such other gear shall be of such strength that the boats can be safely lowered with the full complement of persons and equipment, with the ship listed to 15 degrees either way;
(d) Life-lines shall be fitted to the davit spans, and the falls and life-lines shall be long enough to reach the water with the ship at her lightest sea-going draught and listed to 15 degrees either way;
(e) Hooks shall not be attached to the lower tackle blocks;
(f) In the case of ships of Class I., the davits shall be fitted with gear of sufficient power to ensure that the boats, fully equipped and manned, but not otherwise loaded with passengers, can be turned out against the maximum list at which the lowering of the boats is possible;
(g)Boats attached to davits shall have the falls ready for service, and means shall be provided for speedily, but not necessarily simultaneously, detaching the boats from the falls. The points of attachment of the boats to the falls shall be so situated as to ensure that the boats will be easily swung clear of the davits;
(h)The construction of the boat chocks and the arrangement for securing the boats shall be to the satisfaction of the Director;
(i)Where more than one boat is served by the same set of davits, and the falls are of rope, separate falls shall be provided to serve each boat, but where wire falls are used with mechanical appliances for recovering them, it shall not be compulsory to provide separate falls. The appliances used shall be such as to ensure that the boats can be lowered rapidly and in turn. Where mechanical appliances are fitted for the recovery of the falls, efficient hand gear shall also be provided;
(j) In the case of limited coast-trade passenger ships, where the height of the boat deck above the water line when the vessel is at her lightest sea-going draught does not exceed 15 feet, the requirements of paragraphs (c), (f) and (i)of this regulation shall not apply but provision shall be made, to the satisfaction of the Director, with respect to the matters to which those paragraphs relate.

Approved life-jackets.

63.—(1.) An approved life-jacket shall mean a jacket of approved material and construction, which is capable of floating in fresh water

for 24 hours with at least 16½ lb. of iron suspended from it, or any other approved appliance of equal buoyancy and capable of being fitted on the body.

(2.) Every such life-jacket shall be reversible and shall be suitable both for adults and children.

(3.) A life-jacket, the buoyancy of which depends on air compartments, shall not be approved or carried.

Approved life-buoy to be of solid cork.

64. A life-buoy shall not be approved unless constructed of solid cork or other suitable equivalent material and unless capable of floating in fresh water for at least 24 hours with 32 lb. of iron suspended from it.

Life-buoys filled with rushes, &c., prohibited.

65. Life-buoys filled with rushes, cork shavings, granulated cork or any other loose granulated material, or whose buoyancy depends upon air compartments requiring inflation, shall not be approved or carried.

Life-buoys to be fitted with beckets

66. All life-buoys shall be fitted with beckets securely seized, and at least one on each side of the ship shall be fitted with a life-line at least 15 fathoms in length, coiled or reeled in such manner as will render it available for instant use.

Self-igniting life-buoy lights.

67.—(1.) At least half the number of life-buoys required by these Regulations shall be provided with approved self-igniting lights which cannot be extinguished in water, so however, that in the case of any seagoing passenger steamer, the number of life-buoys so provided shall not in any case be less than six, nor, in the case of any sailing vessel, less than two.

(2.) The self-igniting lights shall be kept attached to the life-buoys to which they respectively belong.

Life-buoys and life-jackets to be placed to satisfaction of surveyor.

68.—(1.) All life-buoys and life-jackets shall be suitably placed, to the satisfaction of the surveyor, in such positions and so as to be readily accessible to all persons on board.

(2.) The position of every such life-buoy and life-jacket shall be plainly indicated so as to be readily seen by the persons concerned.

(3.) Life-buoys shall always be capable of being rapidly cast loose, and shall not be permanently secured in any way.

Division 2.—Line-throwing Apparatus.

Approved line-throwing apparatus for ships of Class I. and Class III.

69.—(1.) An approved Class 1 type of line-throwing apparatus required to be carried under regulations 14 and 23 of these Regulations on Class I. and Class III. ships respectively shall, in the case of ships registered in Australia, comprise the following:—

(a) Four* line-throwing rockets capable of throwing a line, as described in paragraph (b) of this sub-regulation, a distance of 200 yards in calm weather. Each rocket shall be provided with a suitable stick, tail wire, and with portfire or other means for ignition and shall be labelled in accordance with Form L.S.A.-3 in Schedule III., and also labeled with firing directions and indelibly stamped with the date of manufacture;

* Note.—A sufficient number of spare rockets should be carried to replace those expended in drills or firing practices held in accordance with the Navigation (Collision, Boat and Fire Drills) Regulations.

(b)Four lines of at least 5/16 inch circumference, each not less than 240 yards in length and having a breaking strain of at least 300 lb., flaked in a suitable receptacle ready for immediate use, together with a flaking board for reflaking the lines;
(c)A suitable trough for holding the rockets while being fired, capable of being set to any angle or direction;
(d)A waterproof magazine for containing the rockets, with the means for firing both the rockets and the lines;
(e)Two lengths of l ½ inch manila rope, one of two hundred and forty fathoms and one of two fathoms, connected by means of swivels to form an endless whip, running through tail block of suitable size. The whip shall be marked as follows:—A strip of white bunting tucked in strands of the two-fathom length of rope midway between swivels shall indicate attachment point for rocket line and a strip of red bunting tucked between strands at one hundred and twenty fathoms from the white strip of bunting, shall indicate point of attachment for breeches buoy;
(f) One breeches buoy, i.e., a lifebuoy fitted with canvas sling breeches, securely slung, and fitted with suitable attachment on each side for securing the bight of the endless whip;
(g)Four wooden instruction boards, each about 15 inches by 3¾ inches by ⅜ inch, fitted with spliced-in lanyard of small line three feet long, bearing instructions to persons on shore as to the use of the apparatus, in accordance with Forms L.S.A.—1 and L.S.A.—2 in Schedule III., comprising two instruction boards dealing with the use of the apparatus with the endless whip referred to in paragraph (e) of this sub-regulation, without hawser, and two dealing with its use with endless whip and hawser; and
(h)Illustrated instructions in accordance with Form L.S.A.—4 in Schedule III. for the guidance of the ship’s company in the use of the rocket line-throwing apparatus.

(2.) In the case of a ship of Class I. or Class III. not registered in Australia and engaged on an international voyage, compliance with the regulations relating to line-throwing apparatus of the country to which the ship belongs shall be deemed compliance with sub-regulation (1.)of this regulation.

Approved line-throwing apparatus for ships of Class II. and Class IV.

70.—(1.) An approved Class 2 type of line-throwing apparatus required to be carried under regulations 19 and 27 of these Regulations on Class II. and Class IV. ships respectively shall, in the case of ships registered in Australia, comprise the following:—

(a) Four* approved line-throwing rockets capable of throwing a line, as described in paragraph (b)of this sub-regulation, a distance of 120 yards in calm weather. Each rocket shall be provided with a suitable stick, tail wire, port-

fire or other means for ignition, and shall be labelled in accordance with Form L.S.A.—3 in Schedule III., and also labelled with firing directions and indelibly stamped with the date of manufacture;
(b)Two lines of at least 5/16 inch circumference, each not less than 240 yards in length and having a breaking strain of at least 150 lb., flaked in a suitable receptacle ready for immediate use, together with a flaking board for reflaking the lines;
(c)A suitable trough for holding the rockets while being fired, capable of being set to any angle or direction;
(d)A waterproof magazine for containing the rockets, with the means for firing both the rockets and the lines;
(e)Four wooden instruction boards as described in paragraph (g)of sub-regulation (1.) of the last preceding regulation; and
(f) Illustrated instructions, in accordance with Form L.S.A.—5 in Schedule III. for the guidance of the ship’s company in the use of the rocket line-throwing apparatus.

(2.) The provision of an endless whip, tail block and breeches buoy, prescribed as essential equipment for a ship of Class I. or Class III., shall be optional for a ship of Class II. or Class IV., but if such permanent equipment is not provided in a ship of Class II. or Class IV., adequate provision, to the satisfaction of the surveyor, shall be made to ensure that suitable substitute gear will be available if required.

(3.) In the case of a ship of Class II. or Class IV. not registered in Australia and engaged on an international voyage, compliance with the regulations, relating to line-throwing apparatus, of the country to which the ship belongs shall be deemed compliance with sub-regulations (1.) and (2.) of this regulation.

Line-throwing apparatus to be available for immediate use and damaged articles to be replaced.

71.—(1.) The line-throwing apparatus required to be carried on any ship under these Regulations shall be accommodated under cover on or near the bridge and be available for immediate use.

(2.) Any part of the apparatus that has been damaged or that has deteriorated through age or other causes shall be immediately withdrawn from use and replaced by an article of sound quality.

Defacing or altering the date of manufacture of rockets.

72. Any person who defaces or alters, or who attempts to deface or alter, the date of manufacture required under the provisions of these Regulations to be indelibly stamped on line-throwing rockets shall be guilty of an offence.

Penalty: Fifty pounds.

Forms.

73. The following charges shall be made for forms prescribed in Schedule III.:—

L.S.A.—1. No charge.
L.S.A.—2. No. charge.
L.S.A.—3. No charge.
L.S.A.—4. 1s.
L.S.A.—5. 1s.
L.S.A.—6. 1d.
L.S.A.—7. 1d.

Division 3.—Embarkation in the Boats and Life-rafts.

Electrically operated muster signals to be provided in Class I. Ships.

74.—(1.) Every ship of Class I. shall be provided throughout the ship with electrically-operated signals controlled from the bridge for summoning passengers to muster stations.

(2.) The signal for summoning passengers to muster stations shall be a succession of more than six short blasts followed by one long blast on the whistle or siren repeated throughout the ship on the electrically-operated signals referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation.

Notices to be posted in passengers’ cabins to indicate muster stations.

75.—(1.) A notice in accordance with Form L.S.A.—6 in Schedule III., or in accordance with a form to the like effect approved by the Director, shall be fixed in each cabin in which passengers are berthed to indicate to the passengers berthed therein the position of the mustering station allotted to them from which, in case of emergency, they will embark in a lifeboat.

(2.) The number of such lifeboat shall be specified in the notice.

(3.) The mustering stations allotted to passengers shall be indicated, to the satisfaction of the surveyor, by painted or other sign so as to be conspicuously visible and legible by day or night.

(4.) The allotment of passengers to lifeboat and mustering stations shall be shown on a form in accordance with Form L.S.A.—7 in Schedule III. and such number of copies of the completed Form as the Director determines shall be framed and kept posted in every ship for the information of the Chief Officer and other officers concerned with the mustering of passengers.

Side ladders—Class I. Ships.

76. Every ship of Class I. shall be provided at each set of davits or other lifeboat lowering appliance, with a side ladder of a type approved by the surveyor, of sufficient length to reach the waterline with the ship in lightest sea-going draft and listed to 15° either way, for use in embarking persons in the lifeboats or rafts. The upper end of the side ladder shall at all times when the ship is at sea, be kept secured to the ship’s gunwale or deck, but the remainder of the ladder, when not in use, may be rolled up and stowed in the lifeboat attached to davits.

Side ladders—Class II. Ships.

77.—(1.) Every ship of Class II. shall carry not less than one rope ladder for each two sets of davits.

(2.) The ladders shall be of sufficient length to reach the waterline with the ship in lightest sea-going draft and listed to 15° either way, and shall be carried in such a manner as to be always available for use in embarking persons in the boats.

Division 4.—Means of Ingress and Egress and Emergency Lighting.

Means of ingress and egress and emergency lighting.

78.—(1.) Proper arrangements shall be made, to the satisfaction of the Director, on all passenger ships for ingress to and egress from the different compartments and decks.

(2.) Provision shall be made on all ships of Class I. for an electric or other system of lighting, sufficient, to the satisfaction of the Director, for all requirements of safety, in the different parts of the ship, and particularly upon the decks on which the lifeboats are stowed. On ships in which the boat deck is more than 30 feet above the waterline at the

lightest sea-going draught, provision shall be made for the illumination from the ship of the lifeboats when alongside and in process of or immediately after being launched. There must be a self-contained source of power capable of supplying, when necessary, this safety lighting system, and placed in the upper parts of the ship above the bulkhead deck.

(3.) In ships of Class I. the exit from every main compartment occupied by passengers or crew shall be continuously lighted by an emergency lamp. The power for these emergency lamps shall be so arranged that they will be supplied from the source of power referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation in the event of failure of the main generating plant.

Division 5.—Certificated Lifeboatmen.

Certificated lifeboatmen.

79.—(1.) The crew of every sea-going passenger ship engaged on an international voyage shall include, for each boat or life-raft carried as part of the prescribed life-saving appliances, a number of certificated life boatmen not less than that specified in the following Table:—

If the Prescribed complement of Boat or Life-raft is—	The Minimum Number of Certificated Lifeboatmen shall be—
Less than 41 persons..........................................................	2
From 41 to 61 persons........................................................	3
From 62 to 85 persons........................................................	4
Above 85 persons...............................................................	5

(2.) An applicant for a lifeboatman’s certificate shall be at least 18 years of age and shall submit himself for examination at such times and places as are directed by the Deputy Director, who, on being satisfied that the applicant—

(a) has had sufficient service at sea and has been trained in all the operations connected with launching lifeboats and the use of oars;
(b)is acquainted with the practical handling of the boats themselves; and
(c) is capable of understanding and answering the orders relative to lifeboat service,

may issue a certificate to him.

(3.) If the Deputy Director has reason to believe that a certificated lifeboatman no longer possesses the qualifications described in the last preceding sub-regulation, he may require such lifeboatman to submit himself for re-examination at such time and place as the Deputy Director determines.

(4.) If, upon such re-examination, the lifeboatman does not prove to the satisfaction of the Deputy Director that he possesses such qualifications, the Deputy Director may cancel the certificate, whereupon the holder shall deliver the certificate to the Deputy Director and he shall be deemed to be no longer a certificated lifeboatman.

(5.) For the purpose of this regulation—

“certificated lifeboatman” means any member of the crew who holds a certificate issued in accordance with the conditions specified in sub-regulation (2.) of this regulation or, who holds a certificate issued in like effect by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom or by the appropriate Authority of any other British Dominion;
“prescribed complement” means the number of persons which, under these Regulations, a boat or life-raft is deemed fit to carry.

Part V.—Miscellaneous.

Alternative appliances.

80. Where, under these Regulations, a particular fitting, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, is required to be fitted or carried in a ship, or any particular provision is to be made, the Minister may allow any other fitting, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, to be fitted or carried, or any other provision to be made if he is satisfied that that other fitting, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or provision, is at least as effective as that required by these Regulations.

One or more davits may be dispensed with.

81. If it appears to the Minister, on the application of the owner of any ship, that it is not practicable or reasonable to fit in that ship the number of sets of davits required by these Regulations, the Minister may direct that one or more sets of davits may be dispensed with in that ship subject to such conditions, if any, as he thinks fit:

Provided that, in the case of a ship of Class I., this dispensation shall only be allowed under exceptional conditions and the number of sets of davits fitted shall in no case be less than the minimum number for its length as specified in Column B of the Table in Schedule I.

Power of Director to approve of certain voyages.

82. The Director may approve, in special cases, of certain voyages between specified ports or places as being, for the purposes of these Regulations, voyages of a nature similar to one or other of the classes of voyages of home-trade ships provided for in the appropriate Rules of the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom.

Where voyage approved foreign-going ship to comply with regulations relating to approved voyage.

83. Where a foreign-going passenger ship is permitted by the terms of her passenger certificate to carry, between specified ports or places abroad, a number of passengers in addition to the number allowed when the ship is proceeding to sea from Australia, and such a voyage has been approved in accordance with the provisions of the last preceding regulation, the ship shall, so far as concerns the additional passengers carried between those ports or places, comply with the Rules of the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom applicable to the class of home-trade voyage to which the voyage has been approved as similar.

Limited coast-trade ships—motor boats.

84. The Director may, in his discretion, exempt any limited coast-trade passenger ship from the requirements of these Regulations relating to the carriage of motor lifeboats.

Ships able to carry one boat only.

85. If a ship is so small as to be unable to carry more than one boat, the Minister may, in his discretion, exempt that ship from carrying more than one boat, but whenever one boat only is carried proper provision shall be made to enable it to be placed readily in the water on either side of the ship.

Boat smaller than minimum capacity may be carried in certain cases.

86. Where it is impracticable in any case for a ship to carry a boat of the minimum capacity prescribed by regulation 39 of these Regulations, the Minister may, in his discretion, allow a boat of smaller capacity to be carried by that ship.

Special exemption for ships built before 1st July, 1931.

87. The Minister may, on such conditions as he thinks fit, exempt any ship constructed before the 1st July, 1931 (not being a steamship in respect of which exemption can be granted under the provisions of sub-section (1.) of section 216 of the Navigation Act) from any of the requirements of these Regulations if he is satisfied that that requirement is either impracticable or unreasonable in the case of that ship.

Exemption of small ships in special cases.

88. Where the Director is satisfied that, with respect to a vessel under 100 tons gross register not engaged on international voyages, any requirement of these Regulations is, in the special circumstances of the case, unnecessary to secure the safety of the vessel or of the persons on board, he may, by writing under his hand, exempt the vessel from compliance with that requirement.

Special provisions in cases of small ships.

89. Where the Director considers that, in the special circumstances of the case, the provisions of these Regulations are not sufficient to secure the safety of any vessel under 100 tons gross register or of the persons on board, he may, by notice in writing to the owner or Master of the vessel, specify such additional provisions as he considers to be reasonably necessary for that purpose and thereupon those provisions shall be complied with by that vessel.

Limited coast-trade ships trading intra-State—exemption for purposes of dry docking.

90.—(1.) A Deputy Director may, in special cases, grant permission, in writing, to enable a ship trading intra-State, and equipped with life-saving appliances for that trade, to proceed to another State for the purpose of docking or repairs:

Provided always that—

(a) the ship’s certificate of survey or of equipment is in currency;
(b)no such permission shall be granted if proper facilities are available for such docking or repairs at any of the ports to which the ship usually trades; and
(c) the ship is, in the opinion of the Deputy Director, capable, in every other respect, of undertaking theextended voyage without danger to the ship or the persons on board.

(2.) On the completion of the docking or repairs, as the case may be, the Deputy Director of the State in which the docking or repairs have been effected may, subject to paragraphs (a) and (c) of the proviso to sub-regulation (1.) of this regulation, grant permission, in writing, to enable the vessel to return to the State from which she came.

Ships certified to carry not more than twelve passengers.

91. A ship which is certified to carry a number of passengers not exceeding twelve, and which, if it were not certified to carry passengers, would be subject to the provisions of regulation 16 or regulation 24 of these Regulations, as the case may be, shall comply with regulation 16 or regulation 24, as the case may be, and not with the regulations relating to lifeboats applying to ships of any other Class.

Details of survey.

92. Surveys of life-saving equipment in connexion with these Regulations shall be carried out according to the latest relevant instructions to Surveyors issued by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom.

THE SCHEDULES.

Regulations 10 and 81.

Schedule I.

________

TABLE SHOWING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF SETS OF DAVITS AND THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF OPEN BOATS REQUIRED TO BE PROVIDED IN A STEAMSHIP IN CLASS I., AND THE MINIMUM LIFEBOAT CAPACITY FOR THE PURPOSES OF REGULATION 10.

Table.

Registered Length of the Ship (Feet).					(A)	(B)	(C)
Registered Length of the Ship (Feet).					Minimum Number of Sets of Davits.	Smaller Number of Sets of Davits Authorized Exceptionally.	Minimum Capacity of Lifeboats in Cubic Feet.
100	and under	120	..	..	2	2	980
120	„	140	..	..	2	2	1,220
140	„	160	..	..	2	2	1,550
160	„	175	..	..	3	3	1,880
175	„	190	..	..	3	3	2,390
190	„	205	..	..	4	4	2,740
205	„	220	..	..	4	4	3,330
220	„	230	..	..	5	4	3,900
230	„	245	..	..	5	4	4,560
245	„	255	..	..	6	5	5,100
255	„	270	..	..	6	5	5,640
270	„	285	..	..	7	5	6,190
285	„	300	..	..	7	5	6,930
300	„	315	..	..	8	6	7,550
315	„	330	..	..	8	6	8,290
330	„	350	..	..	9	7	9,000
350	„	370	..	..	9	7	9,630
370	„	390	..	...	10	7	10,650
390	„	410	..	..	10	7	11,700
410	„	435	..	..	12	9	13,060
435	„	460	..	..	12	9	14,430
460	„	490	..	..	14	10	15,920
490	„	520	..	..	14	10	17,310
520	„	550	..	..	16	12	18,720
550	„	580	..	..	16	12	20,350
580	„	610	..	..	18	13	21,900
610	„	640	..	..	18	13	23,700
640	„	670	..	..	20	14	25,350
670	„	700	..	..	20	14	27,050
700	„	730	..	..	22	15	28,560
730	„	760	..	..	22	15	30,180
760	„	790	..	..	24	17	32,100
790	„	820	..	..	24	17	34,350
820	„	855	..	..	26	18	36,450
855	„	890	..	..	26	18	38,750
890	„	925	..	..	28	19	41,000
925	„	960	..	..	28	19	43,880
960	„	995	..	..	30	20	46,350
995	„	1,030	..	..	30	20	48,750

Note on Columns (A) and (B).—When the length of the ship is 1,030 feet or upwards, the Minister shall determine the minimum number of sets of davits for that ship.

Note on Column (C).—For the purposes of this Table the capacity in cubic feet of a lifeboat of Class 2 shall be obtained by multiplying the number of persons which the lifeboat is deemed fit to carry by ten.

Schedule II.

Regulation 15.

TABLE A.—SHOWING THE MINIMUM NUMBER OF SETS OF DAVITS REQUIRED TO BE PROVIDED IN A STEAMSHIP IN CLASS I. WHILE ENGAGED IN CARRYING PASSENGER ON SHORT VOYAGES OR DAYLIGHT EXCURSIONS APPROVED BY THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR.

Length of Steamship in Feet.			Minimum Number of Set of Davits.
Under 180..........................................................................................			2
180	and under	210.........................................................................	3
210	„	240.........................................................................	4
240	„	270.........................................................................	5
270	„	300.........................................................................	6
300	„	330.........................................................................	7
330	„	360.........................................................................	8

When the length of the steamship is 360 feet or upwards, the number of set of davits to be provided shall be as determined by the Director.

TABLE B.—SHOWING THE MINIMUM AGGREGATE CUBIC CAPACITY OF LIFEBOATS TO BE CARRIED IN A STEAMSHIP IN CLASS I. WHILE ENGAGED IN CARRYING PASSENGERS ON SHORT VOYAGESOR DAYLIGHT EXCURSIONS APPROVED BY THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR.

Length of Steamship in Feet.			Minimum Aggregate Capacity of Lifeboats, in Cubic Feet.
100 and under		120......................................................................	300
120	„	140......................................................................	400
140	„	160......................................................................	500
160	„	180......................................................................	600
180	„	195......................................................................	700
195	„	210......................................................................	800
210	„	225......................................................................	950
225	„	240......................................................................	1,080
240	„	255......................................................................	1.250
255	„	270......................................................................	1,450
270	„	285......................................................................	1,700
285	„	300......................................................................	1,900
300	„	330......................................................................	2,150
330	„	360......................................................................	2,400

When the length of the steamship is under 100 feet or is 360 feet and upwards, the minimum capacity of the lifeboats to be carried shall be as determined by the Director.

Schedule III.

No. 1. Regulations 69-70.

Form L.S.A.—1.

INSTRUCTIONS

To Persons on Shore.

_______

For use without hawser.

First.—Untie the small line and throw it clear so that it will not tangle the larger rope. Then haul both parts of the loop in together till the slack is ashore.

[Over.]

[Reverse.]

[No. 1.]

Second.—When a flag or light is waved on the ship, haul on one part of the loop of rope when a person will be drawn ashore in a life-buoy. If unable to haul on one part, try hauling on the other, leaving the first part slack.

Third.—When the life-buoy is ashore, haul it back to the ship and watch for signal to haul ashore again. Repeat the operation till all persons are landed.

[Over.]

________

No. 2. Form L.S.A.—2.

INSTRUCTIONS

To Persons on Shore.

——

For use with hawser.

First.—Untie this Hawser (large rope) and fasten the end very securely to a tree, rock, plank buried in sand, or other secure object, at least 6 feet, if possible, above water level.

[Over.]

[Reverse.]

[No. 2.]

Second.—When the Hawser is made fast, let one man separate from the rest and wave an article of clothing, or a light, or piece of burning paper as a signal to the ship.The Hawser will then be set taut on the ship.

Third.—When a flag or light is waved on the ship, haul on one part of the loop of smaller rope when a lifebuoy will come ashore from the ship along the Hawser. If unable to haul on one part, try the other. Repeat till all persons are landed.

Important!

Be careful that no turns of the smaller rope are taken round the Hawser.
[Over.]

Form L.S.A.—3.

INSTRUCTIONS

To Persons on Shore.

——

When this Rocket is picked up, make a signal to the ship (wave an article of clothing, a light, or burning paper), and haul on the small line immediately.

Further instructions will be found on instruction board attached to the other and of the line.

____

Form L.S.A.—4.

Commonwealth of Australia.

———

Instructions to the Master, Officers and Crew of Passenger Ships for their Guidance in using

ROCKET LINE-THROWING APPARATUS.

——

(a)Directions for use of Breeches-buoy without Hawser.

1. Place a rocket in the firing-trough set at an angle of about 30 degrees from the horizontal and pointing in the desired direction. Lead the wire tail of rocket over the top of the firing-trough with end hanging in front.

2.Place a rocket line box below and a little in front of the firing-trough, tilted at an angle so that the line will run out clear, and bend the upper end of the line, after wetting a couple of fathoms, to the end of rocket tail-wire. The lower end of the rocket line and No. 1 “Instructions to Persons on Shore” board are to be made fast to the bight of the endless whip, on the white mark, between the swivels.

3.Make the tail block, with endless whip rove through, fast about 4 feet above the deck, to a stanchion, mast, rigging, or any other suitable place. Have the ship end of the endless whip, where red marked, made fast, on the bight to each side of the breeches-buoy (see Figs. 1 or 3) and coiled in two coils clear for running, one on each side of the buoy, with outer bight of endless whip (white marked) on top, to which the rocket line and No. 1 instruction board have been made fast.

4.Fire the rocket. On its landing successfully, the persons on shore will pick up the expended rocket and follow the instructions printed thereon. Pay out both parts of the endless whip as it is hauled ashore. When the whip has been hauled taut, place a person in the breeches-buoy, taking care the buoy does not capsize before reaching the water.

5.Separate one man from the rest to wave a flag or light as a signal to the people on shore to haul the breeches-buoy ashore on the whip. Repeat the operation till all persons are landed.

(b) Directions for using the Breeches-buoy with a Hawser.

6.Establish communication with shore by endless whip (paragraphs 1 to 4 above). If possible send a seaman ashore in the breeches-buoy with the end of the Hawser with instructions to make the end securely fast on shore. On the signal being received from him that the end is fast, the ship end is to be rove, first through a travelling-block, and then through a lead or snatch-block secured about 2 feet above the tail-block of the endless whip. The hawser is then to be set taut with a watch tackle (see Fig. 2). If a seaman cannot be sent ashore in the breeches-buoy to make the hawser fast, owing to rocks or cliffs, send the end of the hawser, with No. 2 “Instructions to Persons on Shore” board attached, ashore on the whip.

7.Make the endless whip fast with a clove-hitch round the neck of the strop of the travelling-block.

8.Suspend the breeches-buoy from the travelling-block by the sling, and place a person in the buoy. Make the signal (see paragraph 5 above) to the people on shore to haul away. Process to be repeated till all persons are landed. Care is to be exercised that no turns are taken with the whip round the hawser.

Note.—The equipment of a special hawser and attachments is not compulsory, but suitable gear for the purpose should be available in any ship. A length of rope 120 fathoms long, about 3 inches circumference, without knot or splice, would be suitable. A travelling block of non-capsizing type fitted with a sling, a lead block and watch tackle would complete the hawser equipment. Care must be taken that the hawser, when in use, is eased or tautened by the watch tackle, to compensate for movement of the ship.

Special Notice.

The Masters, officers and crews of ships equipped with a portable (ship pattern) rocket-line-throwing apparatus are not to confuse these instructions for its use with the instructions issued by the Board of Trade relating to “Rocket Apparatus for Saving Life”, in operation in the United Kingdom and at a number of stations around the Australian coast and elsewhere. The portable (ship pattern) line-throwing apparatus is intended for use, if required, on parts of the coast where skilled help may not be available ashore, and also for passing lines aboard disabled ships or boats requiring assistance.

Illustrations of Various Methods for Using the Apparatus.

Fig. 1.

Using the endless whip and breeches-buoy without a hawser.

Fig. 2.

Using the endless whip and breeches-buoy with a hawser.

Fig. 3.

Using the endless whip and breeches-buoy with small snatch-block without hawser.

[Price.—1s.]

Form L.S.A.—5.

Commonwealth of Australia.

_____

Instructions to the Master, Officers and Crew of Cargo Ships for their guidance in using

ROCKET LINE-THROWING APPARATUS.

——

(a)Directions for use of Breeches-buoy without Hawser.

2. Place a rocket line box below and a little in front of the firing-trough, tilted at an angle so that the line will run out clear, and bend the upper end of the line, after wetting a couple of fathoms, to the end of the rocket tail-wire. The lower end of the rocket line and No. 1 “Instructions to Persons on Shore” board are to be made fast to the bight, where joined, of the rope to be used as an endless whip.

3.Make the tail-block, with endless whip rove through, fast about 4 feet above the deck, to a stanchion, mast, rigging, or any other suitable place. Have the ship end of the endless whip made fast, on the bight, to each side of the breeches-buoy (see Figs. 1 or 3) and coiled in two coils clear for running, one on each side of the buoy.

5.Separate one man from the rest to wave a flag or light as a signal to the people on shore to haul the breeches-buoy ashore on the whip. Repeat the operation till all persons are landed.

Note.—It is not compulsory for a Class II. ship to provide as part of her rocket apparatus equipment a special endless whip and tail-block or a breeches-buoy.Where such are not so provided substitute gear of this kind is required

to be readily available. An endless whip may be improvised from one or two 120 fathoms length of rope of suitable size and strength, such as a deep-sea lead-line, with ends knotted or otherwise securely joined together after being rove through a tail block. An ordinary life-buoy can beused as a substitute for the breeches-buoy, an improvised net or canvas sling band being suspended under the buoy to serve the purpose of a breeches.

(b)Directions for using the Breeches buoy with a Hawser.

6. If possible send a seaman ashore in the breeches-buoy with the end of the hawser with instructions to make the end securely fast on shore. On the signal being received from him that the end is fast, the ship end is to be rove, first through a travelling-block, and then through a lead or snatch block secured about two feet above the tail-block of the endless whip. The hawser is then to be set taut with a watch tackle (see Fig. 2). If a seaman cannot be sent ashore in the breeches-buoy to make the hawser fast, owing to rocks or cliffs, send the end of the hawser, with No. 2 “Instructions to Persons on Shore” board attached, ashore on the whip.

7. Make the endless whip fast with a clove-hitch round the neck of the strop of the travelling-block.

8.Suspend the breeches-buoy from the travelling-block by the sling, and place a person in the buoy. Make the signal to the people on shore to haul away. Process to be repeated till all persons are landed. Care is to be exercised that no turns are taken with the whip round the hawser.

Special Notice.

The Masters, officers and crews of ships equipped with a portable (ship pattern) rocket line-throwing apparatus are not to confuse these instructions for its use with the instructions issued by the Board of Trade relating to “Rocket Apparatus for Saving Life”, in operation in the United Kingdom and at a number of stations around the Australian coast and elsewhere. The portable (ship pattern) line-throwing apparatus is intended for use, if required, on parts of the coast where skilled help may not be available ashore, and also for passing aboard disabled ships or boats requiring assistance.

_____

Illustrations of Various Methods for Using the Apparatus.

Fig. 1.

Using the endless whip and breeches-buoy without a hawser.

Fig 2.

Using the endless whip and breeches-buoy with a hawser.

Fig. 3.

Using the endless whip and breeches-buoy with small snatch-block without hawser.

[Price.—1s.]

Commonwealth of Australia.

——

Form L.S.A.—6.

WARNING IN CASE OF ACCIDENT.

The signal to asemble at your lifeboat station will be a succession of more than six short blasts, followed by one long blast, on the whistle or siren in addition to the ringing of alarm gongs throughout the ship. Should you hear this signal, immediately go to your mustering station with your lifebelt on.

Passengers in this Cabin are allotted to—

Lifeboat No.................
Position of Mustering Station:
...................................................................................................

Be Prepared.

Ask the Steward to show you how to put your lifebelt on and the way to your Mustering Station.

____________

Commonwealth of Australia.

[Price.—1d.]

——

Form L.S.A.—7.

Nav.(L.S.A.).

Reg. 75(4).

.............S...................................

PASSENGERS’ BOAT STATION ALLOTMENT.

Boat No.	Cabin Berth Nos.	Total Number.
Number of Passengers on Certificate...................................

[Price.—1d.]

____________

SCHEDULE IV.

PART I.

Lifeboats of Class 1.

1.Every boat shall have a mean sheer at least equal to four per centum of its length.

2.The air cases of every boat shall be so placed as to secure stability when fully laden under adverse weather conditions.

3. Internal buoyancy appliances shall be constructed of copperor yellow metal of not less than 18 oz. to the superficial foot, or of other approved material.

Lifeboats with Internal Buoyancy Appliances only—Class 1 (a).

4.The buoyancy of a wooden boat of this type shall be provided by watertight air-cases, the total volume of which shall be at least equal to one-tenth of the cubic capacity of the boat.

5.The buoyancy of a metal boat of this type shall not be less than that required for a wooden boat of the same cubic capacity, and the volume of watertight air-cases shall be increased accordingly.

Lifeboatswith Internaland External BuoyancyAppliances—Class 1(b).

6.The internal buoyancy of a wooden boat of this type shall be provided by watertight air-cases, the total volume of which is at least equal to 7½ per cent. of the cubic capacity of the boat.

7.The external buoyancy may be provided by means of cork or any other equally efficient material, but buoyancy shall not be obtained by the use of rushes, cork shavings, loose granulated cork or any other loose granulated substance, or by any means dependent upon inflation by air.

8.If the buoyancy appliances are of cork, their volume, for a wooden boat, shall not be less than thirty-three thousands of the cubic capacity of the boat; if of any material other than cork, their volume and distribution shall be such that the buoyancy and stability of the boat are not less than that of a similar boat provided with buoyancy appliances of cork.

9.The buoyancy of a metal boat shall be not less than that required for a wooden boat of the same cubic capacity, and the volume of the watertight air-cases and of the external buoyancy appliances shall be increased accordingly.

PART II.

Lifeboats of Class 2.

Open Boats with Internal and External Buoyancy—Upper Part of Sides Collapsible—Class 2 (a).

10.A wooden boat of this type shall be fitted both with watertight air-cases and with external buoyancy appliances the aggregate volume of which, for each person which the boat is able to accommodate, shall be at least equal to the following amounts:—

Air-cases............................................................................... 1.5 cubic feet.

External buoyancy appliances(if of cork).............................. 0.2„„

11.Internal buoyancy appliances shall be constructed of copper or yellow metal of not less than 18 oz. to the superficial foot or other approved material.

12.The external buoyancy appliances may be of cork or of any other equally efficient material, but buoyancy shall not be obtained by the use of rushes, cork shavings, loose granulated cork, or any other loose granulated substance, or by any means dependent upon inflation by air. If of any material other than cork, their volume and distribution shall be such that the buoyancy and stability of the boat are not less than that of a similar boat provided with buoyancy appliances of cork.

13.A metal boat of this type shall be provided with internal and external buoyancy appliances to ensure that the buoyancy of the boat shall be at least equal to that ofa wooden boat of the same cubic capacity.

14.The freeboard of a boat of this type shall be measured vertically to the top of the solid hull at the side amidships, from the water-level, when the boat is loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment.

15.The minimum freeboard in fresh water of a boat of this type shall be fixed in relation to its length and shall be determined by the following Table:—

Length of Boat.	Minimum Freeboard.
Feet.	Inches.
26	8
28	9
30	10

The minimum freeboard of boats of intermediate lengths is to be found by interpolation.

16. The collapsible sides of every lifeboat shall be watertight.

Decked Boats with either Fixed or Collapsible Watertight Bulwarks—Class 2 (b).

17.In the case of boats of the type having a well deck the area of the well deck shall be at least 30 per cent. of the total deck area. The height of the well deck above the waterline at all points shall be at least equal to ½per cent. of the length of the boat, this height being increased to l½ per cent. of the length of the boat at the ends of the well. The freeboard in fresh water shall be such as to provide for a reserve buoyancy of at least 35 per cent.

18.(a)The minimum freeboard of a boat of this type having a flush deck is independent of its length and depends only upon its depth. The depth of the boat is to be measured vertically from the underside of the garboard strake to the top of the deck at the side amidships and the freeboard is to be measured from the top of the deck at the side amidships to the water-level when the boat is loaded with its full complement of persons and equipment.

(b)The minimum freeboard in fresh water shall be determined by the following table which is applicable without correction to boats having a mean sheer equal to 3 per cent. of their length (hereinafter called the standard sheer):—

Depth of Boat.	Minimum Freeboard.
Inches.	Inches.
12	2¾
18	3¾
24	5⅛
30	6½

For intermediate depths the minimum freeboard is obtained by interpolation.

(c) If the sheer is less than the standard sheer the minimum freeboard shall be obtained by adding to the figures in the table one-seventh of the difference between the standard sheer and the actual mean sheer measured at the stem and stern post; no deduction shall be made from the freeboard on account of the sheer being greater than the standard sheer or on account of the camber of the deck.

19.Decked boats may be built of wood or metal. If constructed of wood, they shall have the bottom and deck made of two thicknesses with textile material between; if of metal, they shall be divided into watertight compartments with means of access to each compartment.

20.All decked boats shall be fitted with efficient means for clearing the deck of water. The orifices for this purpose shall be such that the water cannot enter the boat through them when they are intermittently submerged. The number and size of the orifices shall be determined by the surveyor for each type of boat by a special test.

21. For the purpose of this test—

(a)The decked boat shall be loaded with a weight of iron equal to that of its complement of persons and equipment;
(b)In the case of a boat 28 feet in length, two tons of water shall be cleared from a boat with a well deck in not more than 60 seconds and in the case of a boat with a flush deck in not more than 20 seconds.
(c)In the case of a boat having a length (1) greater or less than 28 feet, the weight of water in tons tobe cleared in the same times as mentioned in sub-paragraph(b) shall be for each type calculated by the formula 1 ÷ 14.

________

SCHEDULE V.

PART I.

Cubic Capacity of Lifeboats of Class 1.

1. (a)The cubic capacity of a lifeboat of Class 1 shall be determined by the formula set out below or by any other method giving the same degree of accuracy. The capacity of a square-sterned boat shall be calculated as if the boat had a pointed stern.

where 1 denotes the length of the boat in feet from the inside of the planking or plating at the stem to the corresponding point at the stern post; in the case of a boat with a square stern, the length is measured to the inside of the transom.

A, B, C, denote respectively the areas of the cross sections at the quarter length forward, amidships, and the quarter length aft, whichcorrespond to the three points obtained by dividing 1 into four equal parts(the areas corresponding to the two ends of the boat are considered negligible).

The areas A. B. C shall be deemed to be given in square feet by the successive application of the following formula to each of the three cross-sections:—

where h denotes the depth measured in feet inside the planking or plating from the keel to the level of the gunwale, or, in certain cases, to a lower level, as determined hereinafter; and a, b, c, d, e denote the horizontal breadths of the boat measured in feet at the upper and lower points of the depth and at the three points obtained by dividing h into four equal parts (a and e being the breadths at the extreme points, and c at the middle point of h).

(b) If the oars are pulled in rowlocks, the bottom of the rowlocks shall be considered as the gunwale in measuring the depth of the boat.

(c)If the sheer of the gunwale, measured at the two points situated at a quarter of the length of the boat from the ends, exceeds 1 per cent. of the length of the boat, the depth employed in calculating the area of the cross section A or C shall be deemed to be the depth amidships plus 1 per cent. of the length of the boat.

(d)If the depth of the boat amidships exceeds 45 per cent. of the breadth, the depth employed in calculating the area of the midship cross-section B shall be deemed to be equal to 45 per cent. of the breadth, and the depth employed in calculating the areas of the quarter length sections A and C is obtained by increasing this last figure by an amount equal to 1 per cent. of the length of the boat, provided that in no case shall the depths employed in the calculation exceed the actual depths at these points.

2.Unless the owner of a boat requires the cubic capacity to be determined by exact measurement, the cubic capacity may be assumed to be the product of the length, the breadth and the depth multiplied by 0.6 if it is evident that this formula does not give a greater capacity than that obtained by the formula set out in paragraph 1 of this Schedule.

In such cases, the dimensions shall be measured in the following manner:—

Length.—From the intersection of the outside of the planking with the stem to the corresponding point at the stern post, or in the case of a square-sterned boat, to the after side of the transom.
Breadth.—From the outside of the planking at the point where the breadth of the boat is greatest.
Depth.—Amidships inside the planking from the keel to the level of the gunwale, but the depth used in calculating the cubic capacity may not in any case exceed 45 per cent. of the breadth.

3.The cubic capacity of a motor boat is obtained from the gross capacity by deducting a volume equal to that occupied by the motor and its accessories, and, when carried, the wireless telegraphy installation and searchlight with their accessories.

PART II.

Deck Area of Lifeboats of Class 2.

4. The area of the deck of a decked boat and the area within the “ fixed ” bulwarks of a lifeboat of Class 2 (a) shall be determined by the formula set out below or by any other method giving the same degree of accuracy.

where 1 denotes the length in feet from the intersection of the outside of the planking with the stem to the corresponding point at the stern post; and a, b, c, d, e denote the horizontal breadths in feet outside the planking at the points obtained by dividing 1 into four equal parts and subdividing the foremost and aftermost parts into two equal parts (a and e being the breadths at the extreme subdivisions, c at the middle point of the length, and b and d at the intermediate points).
[

By Authority: L.F. Johnston, Commonwealth Government Printer, Canberra.