Navigation (Examination of Masters and Mates) Regulations (Cth)
STATUTORY RULES.
REGULATIONS UNDER THE NAVIGATION ACT 1912-1920.
I,
THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the
advice of the Federal Executive Council, hereby make the following Regulations
under the
Dated this twenty-third day of December, 1924.
FORSTER,
Governor-General.
By His Excellency’s Command,
H. E. PRATTEN,
Minister of State for Trade and Customs.
NAVIGATION (EXAMINATION OF MASTERS AND MATES) REGULATIONS.
Part I.—Preliminary.
Part I.—Preliminary.
Part II.—General.
Part III.—Qualifications and examinations for Foreign-going Certificates.
Division 1.—Ordinary Certificates, Foreign-going.
Division 2.—Fore-and-aft Certificates, Foreign-going.
Division 3.—Steam-ship Certificates, Foreign-going.
Part IV.—Qualifications and examinations for Limited Coast-trade Certificates.
Division 1.—Ordinary Certificates, Limited Coast-trade.
Division 2.—Fore-and-aft Certificates, Limited Coast-trade.
Division 3.—Steam-ship Certificates, Limited Coast-trade.
Part V.—Qualifications and examinations for River and Bay Certificates.
Division 1.—Fore-and-aft Certificates, River and Bay.
Division 2.—Steam-ship Certificates, River and Bay.
Part VI.—Qualifications and examinations for Voluntary Certificates.
Division 1.—Extra Certificates, Foreign-going.
Division 2.—Yacht Certificates.
Division 3.—Certificates for Naval Reserve purposes.
Division 4.—Certificates for special subjects.
Division 5.—Certificates of Service.
Part VII.—Estimation of Sea Service.
Part VIII.—Conduct of Examinations.
C.17689.—Price 1s. 6d.
3. (1) In these Regulations, unless the contrary intention appears—
“Certificate” means a Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate (as the case may be) granted under the Navigation Act, or the Merchant Shipping Act, or any State Act, or, in respect of the certificates specified in Appendix K, by the Government of any British Dominion or Possession mentioned in that Appendix.
“Fore-and-aft rigged vessel” includes every sailing ship or steamship which is not a square-rigged vessel.
“Home or coasting trade ship” includes every ship engaged in making short voyages within the limits prescribed for limited coast-trade ships by the Navigation Act, or for home-trade ships by the Merchant Shipping Act, or for home-trade or coasting ships by any State Act or any Act of any British Possession.
“Local Examiner” or “Examiners” means Examiner of Masters and Mates at any port in the Commonwealth.
“Principal Examiner” means the Principal Examiner of Masters and Mates for the Commonwealth.
“Pilot” means a person who holds a licence from some competent authority authorizing him to pilot vessels outside harbor and partially smooth water limits.
“River and Bay service” means service in river and bay ships.
“Sailing ship” means a ship furnished with sails as a principal means of propulsion, and includes a ship so furnished with sails and equipped with auxiliary steam or other mechanical power for use during light winds or calms.
“Sailing vessel” has a meaning corresponding with “sailing ship”.
“Sea service”, “served at sea”, “total sea service”, in relation to Foreign-going Certificates, means service performed in the foreign-going or Australian trade, or equivalent service in the limited coast-trade.
“Service in the foreign-going trade” means service performed in foreign-going or Australian-trade ships, other than service performed in such ships whilst employed on voyages between ports or places all of which are situated within the limits of the limited coast-trade prescribed for a port in the Commonwealth, or within the limits of the home trade or coast-trade of Great Britain or any of the Dominions.
“Sea service”, “served at sea”, “total sea service”, in relation to Limited Coast-trade Certificates, means service performed in the limited coast-trade or in the home or coast trades of Great Britain or any of the Dominions or in the foreign-going trade.
“Service in the limited coast-trade” means service performed in any ship (other than a River and Bay ship) engaged on trading voyages and plying between ports or places all of which are situated within the limits of the limited coast-trade prescribed for a port in the Commonwealth, or within the limits of the home trade or coast-trade of Great Britain or any of the Dominions.
“Square-rigged vessels” includes full-rigged ships, barques, brigs, barquentines, brigantines, and also steam-ships carrying square sails.
“Steam-ship” means a ship using steam or other machinery as a principal means of propulsion.
“Steam vessel” has a meaning corresponding with “steam-ship”.
“Superintendent” means the superintendent at a Mercantile Marine Office under the Navigation Act.
“Voluntary Certificate” means a certificate obtained at a voluntary examination in special subjects not required by the Regulations for Certificates of Competency as Master or Mate, and includes Certificates for “Extra Master”, “Compass Deviation”, “Voluntary Signalling”, “Passed in Steam”, “Voluntary Sight Test”, “Certificates of Efficiency in Navigation and Seamanship”, and “Yacht Master”.
(2) Where in these Regulations the word “lower” or “higher” is used as descriptive of any certificate, or grade of certificate, or of the capacity in which the holder of a certificate may serve, the value of that certificate, or grade of certificate, shall be determined, in relation to other certificates, in the manner prescribed in Schedule II.
Part II.—General.
(2) The application, together with the candidate’s discharges and testimonials in proof of service, shall be lodged with the Superintendent at the port where the candidate desires to be examined at least four clear days before the date of examination.
(2) If it is found that the candidate is not eligible for examination, the fee paid shall, at his option, be returned to him or placed to his credit until he becomes eligible.
(3) If a candidate offers a gratuity to any official, he shall, apart from any penalty otherwise inflicted, be rejected, and shall be debarred from examination, either at the port where the offence was committed, or at any other Commonwealth port, for a period of twelve months.
(4) Subject to regulation 33 (15) no part of a fee paid for examination for a certificate shall be returned in case of failure.
(2) Proof of nationality may be made by the production of—
(
a ) the candidate’s birth certificate or a properly certified copy thereof; or(
b ) the candidate’s certificate of naturalization; or(
c ) a Certificate of Competency of a lower grade which has been granted to the candidate under these Regulations.
(3) If a candidate cannot produce the evidence required by the last preceding sub-regulation, he must furnish, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, other documentary evidence of British nationality.
(4) If any doubt exists as to a candidate’s nationality, the case shall be referred to the Principal Examiner for consideration and his decision in the matter shall be final.
(2) The testimonials shall be signed by the master or owner of the ship in which the service was performed, and shall be such as to prove, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, the sobriety, experience, ability and general good conduct of the candidate for at least the twelve months of service immediately preceding the date of application for examination.
(3) All breaks in service shall be properly accounted for to the satisfaction of the Examiner.
(2) If necessary, the local Examiner or Superintendent, as the case may be, shall forward the papers with his observations to the Principal Examiner, who may either deal with the case or bring it before the Director.
(3) In cases where a candidate is still serving under Articles of Agreement, a written statement to that effect, signed by the Master of the ship, and verified by the Superintendent at the port, may be accepted as proof of service under the existing Articles of Agreement.
(
a ) has neglected or refused to join his vessel after having signed articles; or(
b ) has deserted his vessel after having joined; or(
c ) has been found guilty of gross misconduct on board,
shall be required to produce satisfactory proofs of two years’ subsequent service and good conduct at sea, unless the Director, after having investigated the matter, sees fit to reduce the time.
(2) When an examination has been so discontinued, the examination fee paid by the candidate shall, on application, be returned to him.
(
a ) obtain 75% of the total marks allotted to the problems and written portions of the examination papers prescribed for that certificate which are given him to do;
(
b ) attain a degree of accuracy in Morse and semaphore signalling of at least 90% when signalling at the speed prescribed for the certificate desired;(
c )give answers in the oral part of the examination that satisfy the Examiner as to the candidate’s ability.
(2) In order to pass in the examination in Steam a candidate must give answers, both written and oral, which satisfy the Engineer Examiner that the candidate possesses the knowledge of the subject prescribed in Appendix E.
(3) In order to pass in the examination for a Compass Deviation Certificate, a candidate must obtain 85% of the marks allotted to the written part of the examination, and must satisfy the Examiner in the oral and practical examination.
(4) In order to pass for any Voluntary Certificates mentioned in Part VI. of these Regulations, other than those for Extra Master’s, Steam or Compass Deviation Certificates, a candidate must satisfy the requirements of regulations 13 and 14.
(2) If the Principal Examiner is satisfied that the error in the calculation of the candidate’s services did not occur through any fault of, or wilful misrepresentation by, the candidate, the fee shall be returned to, or placed to the credit of, the candidate.
(3) If the services of the candidate entitle him to a certificate of a lower grade, such a certificate may be granted to him, and the difference, if any, between the fee paid by him for the higher grade certificate and the fee payable for the lower grade certificate shall be returned to, or placed to the credit of, the candidate.
(4) Where a certificate of a lower grade is issued, in accordance with the provisions of the preceding sub-regulation, the higher grade certificate for which the candidate has passed shall not be granted until he has performed the amount of service in which he was deficient,
and has been re-examined in all the subjects of the examination, unless the Director, in his discretion, sees fit to dispense with the re-examination.
(2) When the conditions so prescribed have been fulfilled the candidate may make fresh application and pay a further full fee, whereupon he shall be allowed again to present himself for examination.
(2) This regulation shall also apply to candidates for an Extra Certificate as Master.
(2) A candidate who fails to pass the Lantern Test shall not again be examined locally.
(2) If a candidate fails for the Extra Certificate as Master, he may, if qualified as to sea service, proceed, without further formal application or payment of fee, with the examination for a lower grade certificate, but, in any such case, the whole of the examination prescribed for that lower grade shall be completed irrespective of any work which may have been done under examination for the Extra Certificate. The subsequent examination for the lower grade may, if time permits, be taken during the current week, but, in any such case, a fresh set of papers must be obtained from the Principal Examiner. If the time be insufficient to permit of this being done, the candidate shall be allowed to sit at the next following examination.
(2) If, on presentation to a Superintendent, any certificate issued under these Regulations is found to be defaced by use or accident to such an extent as to be illegible, it should be at once transmitted to the Director, accompanied by an application, duly filled in, when a certified copy having all the effect of the original will be issued in lieu thereof.
(3) In cases where it is satisfactorily shown that due care had been taken of the original, and that the loss, destruction, or defacement was not due to the fault of the holder, no charge will be made for the certified copy.
(4) In cases where the Director is not so satisfied, the applicant will be required to pay a fee of Five shillings before delivery of the copy.
(2) For the purposes of this regulation the following shall be deemed to be approved authorities, namely:—
(
a ) St. John’s Ambulance Association,(
b ) St. Andrew’s Ambulance Association,(
c ) St. Patrick’s Ambulance Association,(
d ) British Red Cross Society,(
e ) London County Council,(
f ) Glamorgan County Council,(
g ) Leith Technical College,(
h ) Any other body approved in writing by the Director of Navigation, and(
i ) A Medical Officer of one of His Majesty’s ships.
(3) The certificate of proficiency
in First Aid must be an adult certificate,
Provided that certificates of proficiency in First Aid issued by the St. John’s Ambulance Association more than three years before the examination for the Certificate of Competency shall be accepted, provided that, at the expiration of three years since its issue, the certificate of proficiency has attached to it the “voucher” or “label” of the Association certifying that the holder has passed re-examination in First Aid.
(4) Candidates who do not produce a certificate of proficiency in First Aid may be permitted to sit for examination for master or mate, but the Certificate of Competency as Master or Mate shall not be issued until after the production of the First Aid Certificate.
(2) Every candidate for a certificate shall pass the letter test. If he obtained a Certificate of Competency in any grade before 1st January, 1914, he will be required to possess at least half normal vision using both eyes together. If he did not obtain such a certificate before the date mentioned, he will be required to possess normal vision using both eyes or either eye separately.
(3) A candidate who has obtained a certificate under the conditions specified in the last preceding sub-regulation may obtain his higher certificates, provided he has normal vision using both eyes or either eye separately.
(4) Every candidate shall undergo the lantern test on every occasion on which he presents himself for examination for his first certificate of competency; but, if he then passes, he shall not be required to undergo the lantern test on any subsequent occasion.
(5) A person who holds a Certificate of Competency may be examined for a certificate of higher grade without undergoing any further lantern test.
(6) A candidate who fails to pass the prescribed letter test may present himself for re-examination at intervals of not less than three months.
(7) A candidate who fails to pass the lantern test, or who is referred by the Principal Examiner for further lantern test in Melbourne or Sydney, shall not be re-examined locally.
(8) When a candidate is referred for further examination, arrangements will be made for a special examination.
(9) Any candidate who is adjudged by an Examiner to have failed in the local lantern test may appeal to the Director who, if he thinks the circumstances warrant such a course, may remit the case to a special body of Examiners for decision.
(10) The travelling expenses of any candidate who is referred by the Examiner for further examination, or who, having appealed against the decision of an Examiner, is reported by the special Examiners to have passed, shall be paid at a rate to be notified to the candidate.
(11) Excepting in cases where the Director considers that particular circumstances justify special consideration, no payment shall be made towards the expenses of candidates who, upon their own appeal, are examined by the special Examiners, and are reported by them to have failed.
(12) When a candidate fails to pass the local lantern test, the Examiner shall point out to him the conditions under which he can appeal.
(13) Appeals shall be made through the Examiner, and shall be forwarded to the Principal Examiner with the Examiner’s remarks.
(14) No Examiner who has not himself passed the lantern test shall apply the sight tests to any candidate.
(15) The fee paid for examination for a Certificate of Competency includes the fee of Two shillings and sixpence for examination in the sight tests, and if the candidate fails to pass those tests, the fee paid for examination shall, less a deduction of Two shillings and sixpence, be returned to him.
(16) No additional fee shall be charged to any candidate referred for special examination, but a candidate who appeals against the decision of an Examiner will be required to pay a special fee, which will be returned to him if he passes the special examination.
(17) If a candidate who has been reported by the special Examiners as having failed is still dissatisfied, he may present himself for a second special examination on payment of a fee of Five guineas, provided he brings with him a friend to witness the examination:
Provided that such second examination shall form no part of the examination for a Certificate of Competency, but that the Director may give consideration to the result of the examination in determining whether a certificate shall be granted.
(18) The sight tests shall be open to any person serving or intending to serve in the mercantile marine or in fishing vessels who may desire to ascertain if his vision is such as to qualify him for that service. Any such person, if desirous of undergoing the tests, shall make application to
the Superintendent in accordance with Form M. & M.—C., and shall pay a fee of Two shillings and sixpence. The fee shall be payable on each occasion that a candidate is examined.
Part III.—Qualifications and Examinations for Foreign-going Certificates.
(2) Where the whole or any part of the total period of sea service prescribed for any Foreign-going Certificate has been served in the limited coast-trade, or in capacities other than those referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation, such service shall be regarded as equivalent to a part only of a similar period served in the foreign-going trade in one or more of the capacities specified in regulation 144, and its proportionate value, with respect to the qualifying time, shall be determined in accordance with the regulations contained in Part VII. of these Regulations.
division i.—ordinary certificates—foreign-going.
(
a ) be not less than eighteen years of age;(
b ) have served four years at sea; and on and after the 1st January, 1926—(
c ) produce a valid certificate of efficiency as life-boatman.
(
a )to write, as a test of handwriting and spelling, a short essay on a nautical subject;(
b ) to evaluate arithmetical expressions by aid of logarithms;(
c ) to answer questions, solve problems, and prove identities in elementary plane trigonometry;(
d )to work a day’s work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, deviation, and variation;
(
e ) to find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the sun;(
f ) to work any practical problem in parallel sailing;(
g )to find the true course and distance from one given position to another by Mercator’s method; also the compass course, the variation and deviation being given;(
h )to find the true amplitude of the sun, and the error of the compass therefrom; also the deviation, the variation being given;(
i )to find the longitude by chronometer from altitude of the sun by the usual methods, computing the daily rate of chronometer from errors observed when required; also to find the true azimuth of the sun, and the error of the compass; and the deviation, the variation being given;(
j ) to find the true azimuth of the sun by Time Azimuth tables; the error of the compass; also the deviation, the variation being given;(
k )to give a figure and explanation for each problem worked, and a written explanation of any given terms used in navigation or nautical astronomy (see regulation 187);(
l )to find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer, and the distance or distances from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position together with the set and drift (if any) on the chart or plan from cross-bearings of two objects; to find the ship’s position from two bearings of the same or different objects, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing; to find on a chart or plan the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given tide or current, and the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a given time; to fix a ship’s position on a chart or plan by horizontal sextant angles, using a station-pointer; and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to compare with the depth marked on the chart; and to give a method of finding approximately the time of high water at any given place without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables.
(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—
(
a )The Morse and British movable semaphore alphabets, the International Code of Signals, and the Allied Signal Manual. He shall be required to attain a minimum speed of ten words a minute in semaphore, six words a minute in Morse flashing and five words a minute in Morse flag waving (see Appendix D);(
b )The use and adjustment of the sextant, reading off and on the arc, and the mode of finding the index error by both horizon and sun;(
c ) The construction, use and principle of the barometer, thermometer and hydrometer; also the use and care of a chronometer;
(
d ) Weights and measures;(
e ) The markings, signs and abbreviations on Admiralty chart or plans;(
f ) The general notices published in the Board of Trade Summary of Notices to Mariners; and(
g ) Elementary questions on the main parts of a ship’s construction.
(
a ) the standing and running rigging of ships;(
b ) bending, unbending, setting, reefing, taking in and furling sail;(
c ) sending masts and yards up and down;(
d ) the management of a ship when under canvas;(
e ) management of ships’ boats in heavy weather;(
f ) dunnaging, stowing and discharging cargo;(
g )the Rule of the Road as regards both steam vessels and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;(
h )the signals of distress, and the signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals;(
i ) the marking and use of the lead and log lines, and care and use of sounding machines and mechanical logs; and(
j ) the use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of a vessel being stranded.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily—
(
a )any questions appertaining to the duties of a Second Mate that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask; and(
b )any questions on the additional subjects that are specified in the rules of examination for a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship (see regulation 53).
(
a )one year must have been in a capacity not lower than Fourth Mate in the foreign-going trade whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship: Provided that, if his service was as Third or Fourth Mate, the candidate shall be required to prove that he had during the whole year charge of a watch in accordance with regulation 154; or(
b )one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than Third Mate in charge of a watch in the limited coast-trade whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship, or a certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A of a limited coast-trade ship: Provided that if his service was as Second or Third Mate, proof will be required to show that the length of the voyages between terminal ports exceeded 500 miles; or(
c ) one year must have been as a pilot with a First Class Certificate as pilot.
(
a ) to do any of the work prescribed in regulation 39;(
b )to solve problems and prove identities in plane trigonometry, and to answer questions and solve problems in right-angled spherical trigonometry;(
c ) to compute the time at which a given star will be on the observer’s meridian (occasionally by inspection);(
d )to determine what bright stars will be within a certain hour-angle from the observer’s meridian, above the pole and above the horizon, at any given time; also the hour-angle, east or west, of each of the stars, and whether to the north or south of the observer’s zenith when passing the meridian;(
e ) to compute the approximate meridian altitude of a star for setting the sextant;(
f ) to find the latitude from the meridian altitude of a star;(
g ) to find the longitude by chronometer by altitude of a star;(
h ) to find the true azimuth of a star by Time Azimuth Tables, and get the deviation therefrom;(
i ) to find the latitude by ex-meridian altitude of the sun or a star;(
j )to find the line of position, the true bearing of the sun and the ship’s position by Sumner’s method of projection, and, on and after the 1st January, 1926, to find the line of position, the true bearing of the celestial body and the ship’s position by the Marc St. Hilaire method;(
k )to give a figure and explanation for each problem worked, and a written explanation of any given terms used in navigation or nautical astronomy (see regulation 187);(
l ) to answer certain questions on meteorology; and,
on and after the 1st January, 1926—
(
m ) to answer a few elementary questions on stability.
(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—
(
a ) The keeping of a ship’s log;(
b ) The calculation of a given bunker or hold;(
c ) The calculation of a freight and its commissions;(
d )The measurement and equipment of a vessel’s lifeboats, and the number of persons allowed to be carried in each class of boat;(
e ) Testing of lifebuoys and lifebelts;(
f ) The screening of vessel’s sidelights; and(
g )More advanced questions on the main parts of a vessel’s construction and general use.
(
a )the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship;
(
b ) shifting large spars, rigging sheers, taking lower masts in and out;(
c ) mooring and unmooring ship, keeping a clear anchor and carrying out an anchor;(
d )the management of a ship in stormy weather, and casting a ship on a lee shore;(
e ) securing the masts in the event of accident to the bowsprit;(
f ) rigging purchases for handling heavy weights, anchors or machinery;(
g )disposing various kinds of cargo and weights in a stiff and in a tender vessel;(
h ) the ventilation of holds, and stowage of explosives;(
i ) the stowage of grain cargoes;(
j )rigging a sea anchor, and the means to employ to keep a vessel, disabled or unmanageable, out of the trough of the sea, and lessen her lee drift;(
k ) getting a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather; and(
l ) accidents, and how to deal with them.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily—
(
a )any other questions appertaining to the duties of a First Mate that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask; and(
b )any questions on the additional subjects that are specified in the rules of examination for a Certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship (see regulation 56).
(
a ) he must have served six years at sea, of which—(i) one year must have been in a capacity not lower than Only Mate in the foreign-going trade whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Only Mate of a foreign-going ship, provided that, if this service as officer was not performed whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship, the candidate shall also be required to prove that he has performed the officer’s service prescribed for that grade; or
(ii) one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than Mate in the limited coast-trade whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Only Mate of a foreign-going ship, provided that if this service as officer was not performed whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship, the candidate shall also be required to prove that he has performed the officer’s service prescribed for that grade; or
(iii) three years must have been in the capacity of Master in the limited coast-trade whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a
foreign-going ship or a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship for at least one year of the service; or
(iv) one year must have been in the capacity of Master, and three years in a capacity not lower than Mate in the limited coast-trade whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship or a certificate as Master, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship for at least one year of the service; or
(
b ) he must have served six and a half years at sea, of which—(i) one year must have been served in a capacity not lower than Second Mate in the foreign-going trade whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship, provided that, if this service as Second Mate was performed under an additional or auxiliary First Mate, it will only be accepted if a Third or Fourth Mate were also carried; and one year and a half must have been served in a capacity not lower than Third or Fourth Mate in the foreign-going trade
in charge of a watch whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship; or(ii) one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than Second Mate in the limited coast-trade whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship; and two and a quarter years must have been in a capacity not lower than Third Mate in charge of a watch in the limited coast-trade whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship or a certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship: Provided that if his service was as Second or Third Mate proof will be required to show that the length of the voyages between terminal ports exceeded 500 miles; or
(
c ) he must have served seven and a half years at sea, of which two years must have been in a capacity not lower than Third Mate in the foreign-going trade in a ship carrying not more than two officers (excluding the Master) above the rank of Third Mate, whilst holding a certificate as First Mate of a foreign-going ship; and one year and a half must have been in a capacity not lower than Third or Fourth Matein charge of a watch in the foreign-going trade whilst holding a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going ship (see Part VII.).
(
a ) to work any of the problems prescribed in regulations 39 and 42;
(
b ) to write an essay on some nautical subject;(
c ) to find the latitude by the altitude of the Polar star at any time;(
d ) to find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the moon;(
e ) to give a figure and explanation for each problem worked, and a written explanation of any given terms used in navigation or nautical astronomy (see regulation 187);(
f ) to find the magnetic bearing of any fixed object when at sea or at anchor from bearings of the object taken with the ship’s head on equidistant compass-points, and to compute the deviation therefrom; to construct a deviation-curve upon a Napier’s diagram (which will be furnished by the Examiner), and show that he understands its practical application; to give satisfactory written and oral answers to certain practical questions as to the effect of the ship’s iron upon compasses and the method of determining the deviation, and to show how to compensate the deviation by magnets and soft iron by the aid of Beall’s compass deviascope; and(
g )to answer questions on ship-construction and naval architecture, and a few elementary questions on stability; and,on and after the 1st January, 1926—
(
h ) to answer questions requiring a more advanced knowledge of stability; and(
i )to work a course and distance on the arc of a Great Circle as laid down in regulation 115 (f ). (Note.—When this problem is given the essay or paper on meteorology will be omitted.)
(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—
(
a ) The law as to the engagement and discharge and management of the crew, and the entries to be made in the official log;(
b ) The preventing and checking of an outbreak of scurvy on board ship;(
c ) The law as to load-line marks, and the entries and reports to be made respecting them;(
d )Invoices, charter-parties, bills of lading, Lloyd’s agent, nature of bottomry, bills of exchange, surveys, averages, and such other matters relating to ship’s business as the Examiner thinks fit;(
e ) The prevailing winds and currents of the globe;(
f ) The trade routes; and(
g ) Tides.
(
a )the seamanship included in the examinations for Ordinary Certificates as Second or First mate;(
b ) construction of jury rudders for both wooden and iron vessels, also rafts;
(
c ) resources for the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck;(
d ) management of ship in heavy weather;(
e ) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel;(
f ) steps to be taken when a vessel is on her beam ends, or disabled, or unmanageable, or on a lee shore, or in dangers or difficulties of any nature;(
g ) heaving a keel out;(
h )proceedings to be taken when placing a ship in dry dock, and directing repairs, and when putting into port in distress with damage to cargo and ship.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily—
(
a ) any other questions appertaining to the management of a vessel that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask; and(
b )any questions on the additional subjects that are specified in the rules of examination for a certificate as Master of a foreign-going steam-ship (see regulation 59).
division 2.—fore-and-aft certificates—foreign-going.
division 3.—steam-ship certificates—foreign-going.
C.17689.—2
(
a ) the standing and running rigging of steam-ships;(
b ) bending, unbending, setting, taking in, and furling sail;(
c ) sending masts and yards up and down;(
d )seeing everything in readiness and clear for getting under way, and the precautions to be then observed with regard to steering-gear and connexions, engines, and propeller;(
e ) care and usage of mechanical logs and sounding machines;(
f ) management of ships’ boats in heavy weather;(
g ) dunnaging, stowing and discharging cargo;(
h )the Rule of the Road as regards both steam vessels and sailing vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;(
i )signals of distress, and signals to be made by ships wanting a pilot, and the liabilities and penalties incurred by the misuse of these signals;(
j ) the marking and use of the ordinary lead and log lines;(
k )the construction, use, and action of the sluices, and of the water-ballast tanks;(
l )engine room and other telegraphs used on board ship, and deck appliances generally;(
m ) use and management of the rocket apparatus in the event of a vessel being stranded.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of the Second Mate of a steam-ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
(
a )the seamanship included in the examination for a certificate as Second Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship;(
b ) shifting large spars, rigging sheers, and taking lower masts in and out;(
c ) mooring and unmooring ship, keeping a clear anchor, and carrying out an anchor;(
d ) management of a steam-ship in stormy weather;(
e ) rigging purchases for handling heavy weights, anchors, or machinery;
(
f ) disposing various kinds of cargo and weights in a stiff and in a tender vessel;(
g ) ventilation of holds and the stowage of explosives;(
h ) stowage of grain cargoes;(
i )the effects of the screw race upon the rudder; and the effect produced on the direction of the head of the ship by going (ahead) (astern) with a (right) (left) handed screw when the rudder is (ported) (starboarded); also the effect of twin screws under the same conditions, and when going ahead with one and reversing the other, as the case may be;(
j ) rigging a sea anchor, and the means to employ to keep a steam-ship, with her machinery disabled, out of the trough of the sea, and to lessen her lee drift;(
k ) turning a steam-ship short round;(
l ) getting a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions of a like nature appertaining to the duties of a First Mate of a steam-ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
(
a ) the seamanship included in the examinations for certificates as Second or First Mate of a foreign-going steam-ship;(
b ) construction of rafts, and of jury rudders suitable for screw steam-ships;(
c ) the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck;(
d ) management of steam-ships in heavy weather;(
e ) rescuing the crew of a disabled ship;(
f ) steps to be taken when a vessel is on her beam ends, or disabled and on a lee shore;(
g ) the use of steam appliances in the event of fire;(
h ) economy in coal consumption;(
i ) the best arrangement for towing vessels under different circumstances;(
j ) placing ship in dry dock, directing repairs, and the mode of procedure when putting into port in distress with damage to cargo and ship.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the management of a steam-ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
Part IV.—Qualifications and Examinations for Limited Coast-trade Certificates.
(2) Where the whole or any part of the total period of sea service prescribed for any Limited Coast-trade Certificate has been served in ships or capacities other than those referred to in the last preceding sub-regulation, such service shall be regarded as equivalent to a part only of a similar period served in limited coast-trade ships, and its proportionate value, with respect to qualifying time, shall be determined in accordance with the regulations contained in Part VII. of these Regulations.
division i.—ordinary certificates—limited coast trade.
(
a )to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write English and to spell correctly;(
b )to work sums in addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, involving the use of the tables of money, length, avoirdupois and time;(
c ) to find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer and the distance on each course from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position, together with the set and drift (if any), on a chart or plan from cross-bearings of two objects; to find the ship’s position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing;
(
d )to find the time of high water at a given place by the aid of the Admiralty or local tide tables, and give a method of finding approximately the time of high water at any given place without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables.
(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in—
(
a ) The International Code of Signals and the Allied Signal Manual. He must attain a minimum speed of eight words a minute in semaphore and five words a minute in Morse flashing or flag-waving (see appendix D).(
b ) The markings, signs, and abbreviations on Admiralty charts or plans.
(
a ) the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;(
b ) the signals to exhibit when in distress or wanting a pilot;(
c ) any special port signals in use locally;(
d ) stowing and discharging cargo;(
e ) the rigging of all classes of vessels, and bending, making and taking in sail;(
f ) the mooring and unmooring of vessels at a wharf, and the precautions then to be observed with regard to outlying gear, steering gear connexions, and propellers;(
g ) the marking and use of lead and log lines;(
h ) management of ships’ boats;(
i ) the use of the rocket apparatus, and position of the local rocket stations;(
j ) the use and action of bulkhead sluices, ballast tanks, and deck appliances.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Second Mate of a limited coast-trade ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
(
a ) one year must have been in square-rigged sailing vessels; and(
b )one year must have been in a capacity not lower than that of Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.
(
a )to work a day’s work complete, correcting the courses for leeway, deviation and variation;(
b ) to find the latitude by the meridian altitude of the sun;(
c ) to find the true amplitude of the sun, and the error of the compass therefrom; also the deviation, the variation being given;(
d )to find the true azimuth of the sun by the Time Azimuth tables; the error of the compass, also the deviation, the variation being given;(
e ) to find on a chart or plan the course or courses to steer and the distance on each course from one given position to another; to find the ship’s position, together with the set and drift (if any), on the chart or plan from cross-bearings of two objects; to find the ship’s position from two bearings of the same object, the course and distance run between taking the bearings being given, making due allowance for a given tide or current; also, the distance of the ship from the object or any given position at the time of taking the second bearing; to find on a chart or plan the course to steer by compass in order to counteract the effect of a given tide or current, and the distance the ship will make good towards a given point in a given time; to fix a ship’s position on a chart or plan by horizontal sextant angles, using a station pointer; and to work out practically the correction to apply to soundings taken at a given time and place to compare with the depth marked on the chart; and give a method of finding approximately the time of high water at any given place without the aid of the Admiralty or other tide tables.
(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—
(
a ) The International Code of Signals and the Allied Signal Manual. He must attain a minimum speed of ten words a minute in semaphore and six words a minute in Morse flashing, and five words a minute in Morse flag-waving (see Appendix D).(
b )The use and adjustments of the sextant, reading on and off the arc, and the mode of finding the index error by the horizon;(
c ) The use and care of barometers, thermometers, hydrometers and chronometers;(
d ) The markings, signs and abbreviations on Admiralty charts or plans;(
e ) Keeping a ship’s log-book;(
f ) The principal local lights and the currents along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate;
(
a ) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;(
b )the working of a ship’s windlass, anchors and cables; how to mark and take cables on board, mooring and unmooring at an anchorage; tending ship at anchor;(
c ) the management of boats in a surf, and laying out anchors by boats;(
d ) taking a cast of the deep-sea lead in heavy weather;(
e ) the rigging of purchases and sheers for heavy lifts;(
f ) the rigging and use of a sea anchor;(
g )the duties of a mate as officer of the watch, and when staying or wearing ship;(
h )the effect of the propeller on the steering of a steam-ship when going either ahead or astern;(
i )the best method of turning a steam-ship short round under various conditions of wind, weather, and current.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of First Mate of a limited coast-trade ship that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
(
a ) one year must have been in a square-rigged sailing vessel; and(
b )(i) one year in a capacity not lower than that of First Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of First Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade; or(ii) one year in a capacity not lower than Second Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of First Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade; and in addition, one and a half years in a capacity not lower than Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.
(
a ) to do any of the work prescribed in regulation 66;
(
b ) to find the current in the day’s work, when the position by observation is given;(
c ) to compute the true course and distance from one given position to another by Mercator’s method, and also to determine the compass course, the deviation and variation being given;(
d ) to find the longitude by chronometer by observation of the sun;(
e ) to give written answers to certain practical questions on the deviation of the compass (see Appendix F); and(
f ) to give a written explanation of any given terms commonly used in navigation or nautical astronomy.
(2) The candidate shall be examined orally in the following subjects:—
(
a ) the law as to the engagement, discharge and management of the crew, and the entries to be made in the official log book;(
b ) bills of lading, charter parties, invoices, surveys.
(
a ) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;(
b ) taking lower masts in and out;(
c ) the management of a square-rigged vessel under sail at sea or in narrow waters;(
d )the measures to be taken when a ship is in danger through heavy weather, disablement, fire, collision, or grounding;(
e ) the construction of rafts, jury rudders and jury masts;(
f ) resources for the preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck;(
g ) the best method of towing vessels disabled in any particular manner; and(
h ) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
(
a ) the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as Second Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;(
b ) the windlass and tending ship at anchor;(
c ) the laying out of anchors by boats;(
d ) taking a cast of the deep-sea lead;(
e ) the mate’s duties as officer of the watch and when staying or wearing ship;(
f ) keeping the ship’s log-book; and(
g ) the principal characteristics of the local lights.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate, Sub-grade B, that the examiner thinks necessary to ask.
(
a ) one year must have been in a square-rigged sailing vessel; and(
b )one year in a capacity not lower than that of Third Mate of a limited coast-trade ship whilst holding a certificate not lower than that of Second Mate, Sub-grade A, limited coast-trade.
(
a )the seamanship included in the examination for an Ordinary Certificate as First Mate, Sub-grade A, of a limited coast-trade ship;(
b ) taking lower masts in and out;(
c ) the management of a square-rigged vessel under sail at sea or in narrow waters;(
d ) the construction of rafts, jury rudders and jury masts;(
e ) resources for preservation of the ship’s crew in the event of wreck;(
f ) rescuing the crew of a disabled vessel;(
g )the law as to the engagement, discharge and management of the crew and the entries to be made in the official log book;(
h ) bills of lading, charter parties, surveys;(
i )winds and currents along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of a Master in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
DIVISION 2.—FORE-AND-AFT CERTIFICATES, LIMITED COAST-TRADE.
(2) A Fore-and-aft Certificate (Sub-grade B), limited coast-trade, shall entitle the lawful holder to serve, in the capacity stated in the certificate, in a fore-and aft rigged vessel under 300 tons net register employed within the limits of the particular section of the limited coast-trade specified in the certificate, or in a lower capacity, in a fore-and-aft rigged vessel of any tonnage employed within those limits.
(
a )to show, to the satisfaction of the Examiner, that he is able to read and write English and to spell correctly;(
b )to work sums in addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division, involving the use of the tables of money, and avoirdupois;(
c ) to know at least one method of finding the distance from a point by bearings and distance run;(
d )to know the lights, tides, dangers and storm signals along the coast within the limits for which he desires a certificate; and(
e ) to possess a fair working knowledge of the International Code of Signals.
(
a )the Rule of the Road for all classes of vessels, their regulation lights and fog and sound signals;(
b ) the signals to exhibit when in distress or wanting a pilot;(
c ) any special port signals in use locally;(
d ) stowing and discharging cargo;(
e ) the rigging of fore-and-aft-rigged vessels, and the bending, making, and taking in of fore-and-aft sails;(
f ) the mooring and unmooring of a vessel at a wharf or in a roadstead;(
g ) the marking and use of the lead and log lines;(
h ) the use of the rocket apparatus and position of the local rocket stations;(
i ) use and action of bulkhead sluices, ballast tanks and deck appliances.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Mate of a fore-and-aft-rigged vessel in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
(
a ) one year must have been in sailing vessels; and(
b ) one year in a capacity for which a certificate not lower than that ofMate, sub-grade C; or
Master, sub-grade D;
of a limited coast-trade ship is required.
(
a ) to do all of the work prescribed in regulation 63; and(
b ) to find the latitude by meridian altitude of the sun.
(
a )the seamanship included in the examination for a certificate as Mate, Sub-grade C, of a fore-and-aft rigged limited coast-trade ship;(
b ) action to be taken in case of accident to the vessel;(
c ) rigging a sea anchor;(
d )the management of a vessel under fore-and-aft canvas, and also of a steam-ship in heavy weather; and(
e ) the law as to the engagement and discharge of the crew and the entries to be made in the official log.
(2) The candidate must also answer satisfactorily any other questions appertaining to the duties of Master of a vessel in the limited coast-trade that the Examiner thinks necessary to ask.
(
a ) to do all of the work prescribed in regulation 83;(
b ) to understand the use of Mercator’s chart; to lay down the position of the ship on a “magnetic” chart, having given the bearing and distance of an object, or from cross bearings of two objects; to find the compass course and the distance from one given position to another; and(
c ) to find the time of high water at a given port by aid of the local tide tables.
division 3.—steam-ship certificates, limited coast-trade.
Part V.—Qualifications and Examinations for River and Bay Certificates.
division 1.—fore-and-aft certificates—river and bay trade.
(
c ) Vessels and boats, except open boats as defined in subdivision (a ), when line-fishing with their lines out and attached to or hauling their lines, and when not at anchor or stationary within the meaning of subdivision (h ), shall carry the same lights as vessels fishing with drift-nets. When shooting lines, or fishing with towing lines, they shall carry the lights prescribed for a steam or sailing-vessel under way respectively.
* This Article does not apply to Chinese or Siamese vessels.
The
expression “Mediterranean Sea” contained in sub-sections (
‡ Dutch vessels and boats when engaged in the “ kol,” or hand-line, fishing will carry the lights prescribed for vessels fishing with drift nets.
§ Also as regards Russian vessels in the seas (excluding the Baltic) bordering the coasts of Russia.
Appendix G—
Within the Mediterranean Sea and in the seas bordering the coasts of Japan and Korea,* sailing fishing-vessels of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to carry the lower of these two lights; should they, however, not carry it, they shall show in the same position (in the direction of the lines) a white light, visible at a distance of not less than 1 sea mile on the approach of or to other vessels.
(
d )Vessels, when engaged in trawling, by which is meant the dragging of an apparatus along the bottom of the sea—1. If steam-vessels, shall carry in the same position as the white light mentioned in Article 2 (
a ), a tri-coloured lantern so constructed and fixed as to show a white light from right ahead to two points on each bow, and a green light and a red light over an arc of the horizon from two points on each bow to two points abaft the beam on the starboard and port sides respectively; and not less than 6 nor more than 12 feet below the tri-coloured lantern a white light in a lantern, so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken light all round the horizon.2. If sailing-vessels, shall carry a white light in a lantern, so constructed as to show a clear uniform and unbroken light all round the horizon, and shall also, on the approach of or to other vessels, show where it can best be seen a white flare-up light or torch in sufficient time to prevent collision.
All lights mentioned in subdivision (
d )1 and 2 shall be visible at a distance of at least 2 miles.(
e ) Oyster dredgers and other vessels fishing with dredge nets shall carry and show the same lights as trawlers.(
f ) Fishing-vessels and fishing-boats may at any time use a flare-up light in addition to the lights which they are by this Article required to carry and show, and they may also use working lights.(
g )Every fishing-vessel and every fishing-boat under 150 feet in length, when at anchor, shall exhibit a white light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile.Every fishing-vessel of 150 feet in length or upwards, when at anchor, shall exhibit a white light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile, and shall exhibit a second light as provided for vessels of such length by Article 11.
Should any such vessel, whether under 150 feet in length, or of 150 feet in length or upwards, be attached to a net or other fishing gear, she shall on the approach of other vessels show an additional white light at least 3 feet below the anchor light, and at a horizontal distance of at least 5 feet away from it in the direction of the net or gear.
(
h ) If a vessel or boat when fishing becomes stationary in consequence of her gear getting fast to a rock or other obstruction, she shall in day-time haul down the day-signal required by subdivision (k ); at night show the light or lights prescribed for a vessel at anchor; and during fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms make the signal prescribed for a vessel at anchor. (See subdivision (d ) and the last paragraph of Article 15.)(
i ) In fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms, drift-net vessels attached to their nets, and vessels when trawling, dredging, or fishing with any kind of drag-net, and vessels line fishing with their lines out, shall, if of 20 tons gross tonnage or upwards, respectively, at intervals of not more than one minute make a blast; if steam-vessels, with the whistle or siren, and if sailing-vessels, with the fog-horn; each blast to be followed by ringing the bell. Fishing vessels and boats of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals; but if they do not, they shall make some other efficient sound signal at intervals of not more than one minute.(
k )All vessels or boats fishing with nets or lines or trawls, when under way, shall in day-time indicate their occupation to an approaching vessel by displaying a basket or other efficient signal where it can best be seen. If vessels or boats at anchor have their gear out, they shall, on the approach of other vessels, show the same signal on the side on which those vessels can pass.
* Also, as regards Russian vessels, in the seas (excluding the Baltic) bordering the coasts of Russia.
Appendix G—
The vessels required by this
Article to carry or show the lights hereinbefore specified shall not be obliged
to carry the lights prescribed by Article 4 (
Art. 10.—A vessel which is being overtaken by another shall show from her stern to such last-mentioned vessel a white light or a flare-up light.
The white light required to be shown by this Article may be fixed and carried in a lantern, but in such case the lantern shall be so constructed, fitted, and screened that it shall throw an unbroken light over an arc of the horizon of 12 points of the compass, viz., for 6 points from right aft on each side of the vessel, so as to be visible at a distance of at least 1 mile. Such light shall be carried as nearly as practicable on the same level as the side-lights
Art. 11.—A vessel under 150 feet in length, when at anchor, shall carry forward, where it can best be seen, but at a height not exceeding 20 feet above the hull, a white light in a lantern so constructed as to show a clear, uniform, and unbroken light visible all round the horizon at a distance of at least 1 mile.
A vessel of 150 feet or upwards in length, when at anchor, shall carry in the forward part of the vessel, at a height of not less than 20, and not exceeding 40, feet above the hull, one such light, and at or near the stern of the vessel, and at such a height that it shall be not less than 15 feet lower than the forward light, another such light.
The length of a vessel shall be deemed to be the length appearing in her certificate of registry.
A vessel aground in or near a
fairway shall carry the above light or lights and the two red lights prescribed
by Article 4 (
Art. 12.—Every vessel may, if necessary in order to attract attention, in addition to the lights which she is by these Rules required to carry, show a flare-up light or use any detonating signal that cannot be mistaken for a distress signal.
Art. 13.—Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of any special rules made by the Government of any nation with respect to additional station and signal lights for two or more ships of war or for vessels sailing under convoy, or with the exhibition of recognition signals adopted by ship-owners, which have been authorized by their respective Governments and duly registered and published.
Art. 14.—A steam-vessel proceeding under sail only, but having her funnel up, shall carry in day-time, forward, where it can best be seen, one black ball or shape 2 feet in diameter.
Art. 15.—All signals prescribed by this Article for vessels under way shall be given:—
1. By “steam-vessels” on the whistle or siren.
2. By “sailing vessels and vessels towed” on the fog-horn.
The words “prolonged blast” used in this Article, shall mean a blast of from 4 to 6 seconds’ duration.
A steam vessel shall be provided with an efficient whistle or siren, sounded by steam or some substitute for steam, so placed that the sound may not be intercepted by any obstruction, and with an efficient fog-horn, to be sounded by mechanical means, and also with an efficient bell.* A sailing vessel of 20 tons gross tonnage or upwards shall be provided with a similar fog-horn and bell.
In fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms, whether by day or night, the signals described in this Article shall be used as follows; viz.:—
(
a )A steam-vessel having way upon her, shall sound, at intervals of not more than two minutes, a prolonged blast.(
b ) A steam-vessel under way, but stopped and having no way upon her, shall sound, at intervals of not more than two minutes, two prolonged blasts, with an interval of about one second between, them.(
c ) A sailing-vessel under way shall sound, at intervals of not more than one minute, when on the starboard tack one blast, when on the port tack two blasts in succession, and when with the wind abaft the beam three blasts in succession.(
d )A vessel, when at anchor, shall, at intervals of not more than one minute, ring the bell rapidly for about five seconds.(
e ) A vessel, when towing, a vessel employed in laying or in picking up a telegraph cable, and a vessel under way, which is unable to get out of the way of an approaching vessel through being not under command, or unable to manoeuvre as required by these Rules, shall, instead of the signals prescribed
* In all cases where the Rules require a bell to be used a drum may be substituted on board Turkish vessels, or a gong where such articles are used on board small sea-going vessels.
Appendix G—
in subdivisions (
a ) and (c ) of this Article, at intervals of not more than two minutes, sound three blasts in succession, viz.: one prolonged blast followed by two short blasts. A vessel towed may give this signal and she shall not give any other.
Sailing-vessels and boats of less than 20 tons gross tonnage shall not be obliged to give the above-mentioned signals, but if they do not, they shall make some other efficient sound-signal at intervals of not more than one minute.*
Art. 16—Every vessel shall, in a fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms go at a moderate speed, having careful regard to the existing circumstances and conditions.
A steam-vessel hearing, apparently forward of her beam, the fog-signal of a vessel the position of which is not ascertained, shall, so far as the circumstances of the case admit, stop her engines, and then navigate with caution until danger of collision is over.
Steering and Sailing Rules.
Risk of collision can, when circumstances permit, be ascertained by carefully watching the compass bearing of an approaching vessel. If the bearing does not appreciably change, such risk should be deemed to exist.
Art. 17.—When two sailing-vessels are approaching one another, so as to involve risk of collision, one of them shall keep out of the way of the other, as follows, viz.—
(
a )A vessel which is running free shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is close-hauled.(
b ) A vessel which is close-hauled on the port tack shall keep out of the way of a vessel which is close-hauled on the starboard tack.(
c ) When both are running free, with the wind on different sides, the vessel which has the wind on the port side shall keep out of the way of the other.(
d )When both are running free, with the wind on the same side, the vessel which is to windward shall keep out of the way of the vessel which is to leeward.(
e ) A vessel which has the wind aft shall keep out of the way of the other vessel.
Art. 18.—When two steam-vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, so as to involve risk of collision, each shall alter her course to starboard, so that each may pass on the port side of the other.
This article only applies to cases where vessels are meeting end on, or nearly end on, in such a manner as to involve risk of collision, and does not apply to two vessels which must, if both keep on their respective courses, pass clear of each other.
The only cases to which it does apply are when each of the two vessels is end on, or nearly end on, to the other; in other words, to cases in which, by day, each vessel sees the masts of the other in a line, or nearly in a line, with her own; and, by night, to cases in which each vessel is in such a position as to see both the side lights of the other.
It does not apply, by day, to cases in which a vessel sees another ahead crossing her own course; or by night, to cases where the red light of one vessel is opposed to the red light of the other, or where the green light of one vessel is opposed to the green light of the other, or where a red light without a green light, or a green light without a red light, is seen ahead, or where both green and red lights are seen anywhere but ahead.
Art. 19.—When two steam-vessels are crossing, so as to involve risk of collision, the vessel which has the other on her own starboard side shall keep out of the way of the other.
Art. 20.—When a steam-vessel and a sailing-vessel are proceeding in such directions as to involve risk of collision, the steam-vessel shall keep out of the way of the sailing-vessel.
Art. 21.—Where by any of these rules one of two vessels is to keep out of the way, the other shall keep her course and speed.
* Dutch steam pilot-vessels, when engaged on their station on pilotage duty in fog, mist, falling snow, or heavy rain-storms are required to make at intervals of two minutes at most one long blast with the siren, followed after one second by a long blast with the steam whistle and again after one second by a long blast on the siren. When not engaged on their station on pilotage duty, they make the same signals as other steam-ships.
Appendix G—
Art. 22.—Every vessel which is directed by these Rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, if the circumstances of the case admit, avoid crossing ahead of the other.
Art. 23.—Every steam-vessel which is directed by these Rules to keep out of the way of another vessel shall, on approaching her, if necessary, slacken her speed or stop or reverse.
Art. 24.—Notwithstanding anything contained in these Rules, every vessel overtaking any other, shall keep out of the way of the overtaken vessel.
Every vessel coming up with another
vessel from any direction more than two points abaft her beam,
As by day the overtaking vessel cannot always know with certainty whether she is forward of or abaft this direction from the other vessel, she should, if in doubt, assume that she is an overtaking vessel and keep out of the way.
Art. 25.—In narrow channels every steam-vessel shall, when it is safe and practicable, keep to that side of the fairway or mid-channel which lies on the starboard side of such vessel.
Art. 26.—Sailing-vessels under way shall keep out of the way of sailing-vessels or boats fishing with nets, or lines, or trawls. This rule shall not give to any vessel or boat engaged in fishing the right of obstructing a fairway used by vessels other than fishing vessels or boats.
Art. 27.—In obeying and construing these Rules, due regard shall be had to all dangers of navigation and collision, and to any special circumstances which may render a departure from the above Rules necessary in order to avoid immediate danger.
Art. 28.—The words “short blast” used in this Article shall mean a blast of about one second’s duration.
When vessels are in sight of one another, a steam-vessel under way, in taking any course authorized or required by these Rules, shall indicate that course by the following signals on her whistle or siren, viz.:—
One short blast to mean, “I am directing my course to starboard.”
Two short blasts to mean, “I am directing my course to port.”
Three short blasts to mean, “My engines are going full speed astern.”
Art. 29.—Nothing in these Rules shall exonerate any vessel, or the owner, or master, or crew thereof, from the consequences of any neglect to carry lights or signals, or of any neglect to keep a proper look-out, or of the neglect of any precaution which may be required by the ordinary practice of seamen, or by the special circumstances of the case.
Art. 30.—Nothing in these Rules shall interfere with the operation of a special rule, duly made by local authority, relative to the navigation of any harbor, river, or inland waters.
Art. 31.—When a vessel is in distress and requires assistance from other vessels or from the shore, the following shall be the signals to be used or displayed by her, either together or separately, viz.:—
In the daytime—
1. A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;
2. The International Code signal of distress indicated by N.C.;
3. The distant signal, consisting of a square flag, having either above or below it a ball or anything resembling a ball;
4. A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus.
* Persons who, without reasonable excuse, use or exhibit any
signal of distress, render themselves liable to a penalty of Fifty pounds, and,
in addition, and without prejudice to any other liability, to pay compensation
for any labour undertaken or risk or expense incurred in consequence of the signal
having been improperly exhibited. (
A further distress signal is provided in the
International Code of Signals. It is a distant signal, consisting of a cone point
upwards, having either above it or below it a ball or anything resembling a
ball. This signal has not been sanctioned by Order in Council under the
provisions of section 434 of the
Appendix G—
At night—
1. A gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of about a minute;
2. Flames on the vessel (as from a burning tar barrel, oil barrel, &c.);
3. Rockets or shells, throwing stars of any colour or description, fired one at a time, at short intervals;
4. A continuous sounding with any fog-signal apparatus.
APPENDIX H.
——
SIGNALS TO BE MADE BY SHIPS WANTING A PILOT.
1. To be hoisted at the fore, the Union Jack, having round it a white border one-fifth of the breadth of the flag; or
2. The International Code pilotage signal indicated by PT.
3. The International Code Flag S, with or without the Code Pennant over it.
4. The distant signal, consisting of a cone point upwards, having above it two balls or shapes resembling balls.
1. The pyrotechnic light commonly known as a blue light every fifteen minutes; or
2. A bright white light, flashed or shown at short or frequent intervals just above the bulwarks, for about a minute at a time.
If any person uses or displays any
of the pilot signals for any other purpose than that of summoning a pilot he
renders himself liable, for such offence, to a penalty of £20. (
APPENDIX I.
——
INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE GUIDANCE OF MASTERS AND SEAMEN WHEN USING THE ROCKET APPARATUS FOR SAVING LIFE.
In the event of your vessel
stranding on any coast, and the lives of the crew being placed in danger,
assistance will,
1. A rocket with a thin line attached will be fired across your vessel. Get hold of this line as soon as you can; and when you have secured it, let one of the crew be separated from the rest, and, if in daytime, wave his hat or his hand, or a flag or handkerchief; or, if at night, let a rocket, a blue light, or a gun be fired, or let a light be waved as a signal to those on shore.
2. When you see one of the men on shore separated from the rest, wave a red flag, or (if at night) wave a red light, you are to haul upon the rocket line until you get a tailed block with an endless fall rove through it.
3. Make the tail of the block fast
to the mast
4. As soon as the signal is seen on shore a hawser will be bent to the whip line, and will be hauled off to the ship by those on shore.
5. When the hawser is got on board,
the crew should at once make it fast to the same part of the ship as the tail
block is made fast to,
6. When the hawser has been made fast on board, the signal directed to be made in Article 1 above is to be repeated.
7. The men on shore will then pull the hawser taut, and by means of the whip line will haul off to the ship a sling life-buoy, into which the person to be hauled ashore is to get and be made fast. When he is in and secure, one of the crew must be separated from the rest, and again signal to the shore as directed in Article 1 above. The
Appendix 1—
people on shore will then haul the person in the buoy to the shore, and when he has landed will haul back the empty buoy to the ship for others. This operation will be repeated until all the persons are hauled ashore from the wrecked vessel.
8. It may sometimes happen that the state of the weather and the condition of the ship will not admit of a hawser being set up; in such cases the life-buoy will be hauled off at once, and the shipwrecked persons will be hauled on shore without the aid of the hawser.
9. Masters and crews of stranded vessels should bear in mind that success in landing them in a great measure depends upon their coolness and attention to the, rules here laid down; and that by attending to these many lives are annually saved by the rocket apparatus.
10. The system of signalling must be strictly adhered to; and all women, children passengers, and helpless persons should be landed before the crew of the ship.
APPENDIX J.
——
Text-Books to be used in the examinations—
For Naval Architecture.—
The Modern Practice of Shipbuilding in Iron and Steel, by Samuel J. P. Thearle. Published by William Collins, Sons and Co. 2 vols.:—Vol. 1, 7s. 6d.; vol. 2, 12s. 6d. net.*
Ship Construction and Calculations, by George Nicol. Published by James Brown and Sons, 52-56 Darnley-street, Pollokshields, E. Price, 23s. net.For Stability.—
Ship Stability and Trim, by Percy Hillhouse. Published by Gieve’s Publishing Co. (John Hogg), 13 Paternoster-row, London, E.C. Price, 12s. 6d., net.For Deviation of the Compass.—
The Admiralty Manual for the Deviations of the Compass, to be obtained through any bookseller, or directly from His Majesty’s Stationery Office; or Edward Ponsonby, 116 Grafton-street, Dublin. Price, 6s.The Elementary Manual for the Deviations of the Compass in Iron Ships, by E. W. Creak, published by J. D. Potter, 145 Minories, London, E.1. Price, 10s.For Meteorology, including Barometer, Thermometer and Hydrometer.—
A Barometer Manual for the use of Seamen; with an Appendix on the Thermometer, Hygrometer and Hydrometer (issued by the authority of the Meteorological Council). Price, 1s. 6d. AndThe Seamen’s Handbook on Meteorology. Price, 3s. 6d. To be purchased through any bookseller, or directly from His Majesty’s Stationery Office; or Edward Ponsonby, 116 Grafton-street, Dublin.Australian Meteorology, by Griffith Taylor, D.Sc. Oxford University Press (Price, 16s. in Australia).For Prevailing Winds and Currents of the Globe.—
The principal Winds and Currents of the Globe, &c., compiled from the various Admiralty Sailing Directions, Weather Charts, &c., by Captain Robert Jackson, R.N., and to be purchased either directly or through any bookseller, from Simpkin, Marshall and Company, Paternoster-row, London; or Henry Lewis, 114 High-street, Portsmouth. Price, 1s., net.For Trade Routes.—
Ocean Passages, compiled from the various Admiralty Sailing Directions by Captain Robert Jackson, R.N., and to be purchased, either directly or through any bookseller, from Simpkin, Marshall and Company, Paternoster-row, London; or Henry Lewis, 114 High-street, Portsmouth. Price, 1s., net.For Tides.—
Tide Tables for the British and Irish Ports, published annually by the Admiralty, and to be purchased, either directly or through any bookseller, from J. D. Potter, 145 Minories, E., and 11 King-street, Tower Hill, E. Two parts, 3s. 6d. each.For Signalling.—
The Allied Signal Manual may be obtained through any book-seller, or directly from H.M. Stationery Office; or Edward Ponsonby, 116 Grafton-street, Dublin. Price, 1s.For Elementary Science.—
General Elementary Science, by W. Briggs, University Tutorial Press. Price, 5s.
* Note.—The prices quoted are London prices. The prices in Australia are naturally somewhat higher.
APPENDIX K.
Reg. 3 (1). ——
LIST OF COLONIAL CERTIFICATES ISSUED UNDER ORDER IN COUNCIL WHICH ARE OF THE SAME FORCE AS THOSE GRANTED BY THE BOARD OF TRADE.
Colony. | Certificates | Date of Original Order in Council. | Date from which Order in Council takes effect. | |
By whom granted in Colony. | Description. | |||
Australia........... | The Minister for Trade and Customs |
| 11 Oct., 1923 | 1 Oct., 1923 |
Victoria‡........... | *Marine Board........ |
| 30 Mar., 1871 | 14 Jan., 1870 |
Canada............. | The Minister of Marine and Fisheries |
| 19 Aug., 1871 10 Nov., 1886 | 19 Aug., 1871 1 Jan., 1887 |
New Zealand | ................................... |
| 9 Aug., 1872 | 1 May, 1872 |
New South Wales‡ | Department of Navigation |
| 30 Aug., 1873 | 18 June, 1872 |
South Australia‡ | Marine Board.......... |
| 12 May, 1874 | 12 May, 1874 |
Tasmania‡....... | Governor.................. |
| 12 Feb., 1876 | 1 April, 1876 |
Bengal............... | Lieutenant-Governor |
| 27 June, 1876 | 27 June, 1876 |
Newfoundland | Governor.................. |
| 14 May, 1877 19 July, 1910 | 14 May, 1877 |
Bombay........... | Governor.................. |
| 11 July, 1877 | 11 July, 1877 |
Queensland‡.... | Marine Board.......... |
| 26 Mar., 1878 | 1 Oct., 1877 |
Hong Kong....... | Governor.................. |
| 31 Dec., 1883 | 1 Jan., 1884 |
Straits Settlements | Governor.................. |
| 1 May, 1890 .............................. | 1 June, 1890 1 Aug., 1888 |
* The
Steam Navigation Board was superseded by the Marine Board on the 21st December,
1888.
The Marine Board was superseded by the
Department of Navigation on the 17th March, 1900.
‡ The Orders in Council giving Imperial validity to certificates of competency issued by Victoria, New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Queensland were revoked by Order in Council dated 11th October, 1923.
NOTE.—The Orders in Council giving Imperial validity to certificates of competency issued in Malta and Mauritius was revoked by an Order in Council dated 18th August, 1916.
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