Navigation (Examination of Engineers) Regulations (Cth)
STATUTORY RULES.
––––––
REGULATIONS UNDER THE NAVIGATION ACT 1912-1935.*
I,
THE GOVERNOR-GENERAL in and over the Commonwealth of Australia, acting with the
advice of the Federal Executive Council, do hereby make the following
Regulations under the
Dated this eleventh day of June, 1941.
Governor-General.
By His Excellency’s Command,
for Minister of State for Commerce.
NAVIGATION (EXAMINATION OF ENGINEERS) REGULATIONS 1941.
Part I.—Preliminary.
Part I.—Preliminary.
Part II.—Qualifications required for the various Grades of Certificates of Competency.
Division 1.—Age.
Division 2.—Workshop Service.
Division 3.—Sea Service.
Part III.—Examinations and Issue of Certificates.
“certificate” means a Certificate of Competency granted under the Act or by the Board of Trade of the United Kingdom, or by a British Possession under Order in Council in accordance with the provisions of the Merchant Shipping Act, and includes any Dominion or Colonial Certificate specified in the First Schedule;
*
Notified in the Commonwealth
7947.—8/1.5.1941.—Price 1s. 3d.
(Certificates may be designated as follows:—
(i) Steam Certificates—entitling the holders to serve as engineers in the grade certified in steam ships;
(ii) Motor Certificates—entitling the holders to serve as engineers in the grade certified in motor ships, i.e., ships propelled by internal combustion engines using oil, spirit, gas, or other similar motive agent; and
(iii) Combined Steam and Motor Certificates—entitling the holders to serve as engineers in the grade certified in both steam and motor ships.)
“Examiner” means the Examiner of Engineers at any port in the Commonwealth;
“nominal horse-power” in relation to a steam ship means the nominal horse-power taken from the Certificate of Registry or determined by the formula—
where H = heating surface of main boilers in square feet, measured down to the level of the fire bars, but excluding the front tube plate;
D
2 = square of diameter of low pressure cylinder, or sum of squares of diameters of cylinders in non-compound engines, measured in inches;S = length of stroke of engines in inches;
P = pressure of main boilers in pounds per square inch;
“the Act” means the
Navigation Act 1912-1935, as amended from time to time;“the Principal Examiner” means the Principal Examiner of Engineers for the Commonwealth.
(2.) In these Regulations, any reference to a Schedule shall be read as a reference to a Schedule to these Regulations.
(2.) Except during the month of December, when no examinations shall be held, examinations shall commence on the third Monday in each month for Second Class Certificates, and on the fourth Monday in each month for First Class Certificates, excepting at the Port of Fremantle, where examinations may be conducted by arrangement.
(3.) The time-tables of examinations shall be in accordance with the Second Schedule.
(4.) Where any examination day falls on a public holiday, the Parts of the examination set down for that day and for each succeeding day shall be conducted in each case one day later.
(
a ) the candidate’s original certificate of apprenticeship;(
b ) testimonials;(
c ) discharges; and(
d ) other necessary documents,
and, subject to sub-regulation (4.) of this regulation, shall be lodged with the Superintendent of the Mercantile Marine Office (in this Part referred to as “the Superintendent”) at the port where the candidate desires to be examined at least four clear working days before the date of examination.
(2.) A candidate shall also supply
a copy of each of the documents specified in paragraphs (
(3.) A candidate who has previously failed in any section of an examination and has been issued with a notice of failure accordingly shall attach that notice to his form of application for examination.
(4.) A candidate may, if he satisfies the Superintendent that he has sufficient reason for so doing, lodge an application at one examination port to sit for his examination at another examination port within the Commonwealth. In such cases, the application shall be lodged at least six clear working days before the date of the examination.
(2.) The Examiner shall not examine a candidate unless his testimonials and other documents required by these Regulations are in order. Where the Examiner considers that hardship would be inflicted upon a candidate by refusal to examine him, the Examiner shall refer the case to the Principal Examiner who shall decide the matter.
(2.) If necessary, the local Examiner or Superintendent, as the case may be, shall forward the papers, with his observations, to the Principal Examiner, who may either deal with the case or submit it to the Director for decision.
(
a ) the candidate’s birth certificate or a properly certified copy thereof;(
b ) the candidate’s certificate of naturalization; or(
c ) a certificate of competency granted to the candidate under the Act in respect of a grade lower than that in respect of which the candidate seeks examination.
(2.) Where a candidate cannot produce the evidence specified in the last preceding sub-regulation, his British nationality may be proved by such other documentary evidence as the Examiner deems sufficient.
(3.) Where, in the opinion of the Examiner, any doubt exists as to the candidate’s nationality, the case shall be referred to the Director for decision.
(4.) A candidate shall prove to the satisfaction of the Examiner that he can speak and write the English language sufficiently well to enable him to perform his duties as an engineer.
(A) Examination for Second Class Certificate—Steam, or Motor, or Combined Steam and Motor.
£. | ||||
| 2 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 0 | 0 | |
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| 3 | 0 | 0 | |
| 1 | 10 | 0 | |
| 1 | 10 | 0 | |
(2.) No part of the fee shall be returned to any candidate who takes an examination or any part of it.
Part II.—Qualifications Required for the Various Grades of Certificates of Competency.
(2.) A candidate for a First Class Certificate shall be not less than 22½ years of age and shall satisfy the requirements of this Part with respect to sea service.
(2.) Time served in workshops on other types of work may be allowed to count in part towards the necessary four years of workshop service:
Provided that a candidate who is permitted to include that time in his workshop service shall perform further service in an engineering workshop of a suitable character or on regular watch or day work at sea for such period of extra service as is determined by the Principal Examiner.
(3.) Not less than two of the four years workshop service required shall have been devoted to fitting, erecting or repairing machinery of a suitable size, either in the works or outside and the remaining two years may have been spent—
(
a ) on work of this nature;(
b ) at an approved technical school, subject to the conditions prescribed by regulation 19 of these Regulations; or(
c ) on work in other branches of the trade, subject to the time allowance prescribed by the next succeeding sub-regulation.
(4.) The time allowance for work in other branches of the trade shall be as follows:—
Metal turning............................................. | Full time up to a maximum of two years. |
Brass finishing (good heavy work) | Full time up to a maximum of one year. |
Boiler making or repairing of boilers.......... | Full time up to a maximum of one year. |
Pattern making.......................................... | Full time up to a maximum of one year. |
Planing, slotting, shaping and milling......... | Full time up to a maximum of one year. |
| Full time up to a maximum of six months. |
| Full time up to a maximum of six months. |
|
|
(5.) If the total period of the candidate’s workshop service, as calculated in accordance with sub-regulation (3.) of this regulation, is less than four years, the candidate may make up the deficiency by service at sea—
(
a )on day work as engineer on board foreign-going or limited coast trade steam ships of not less than 66 nominal horse power or motor ships of not less than 373 brake horse power; or(
b ) on regular watch on such ships.
Two-thirds of the time so spent on foreign-going ships and four-ninths of the time so spent on limited coast trade steam or motor ships shall be counted and work at sea performed before the age of 20 shall not be accepted.
(6.) The workshop service shall have been performed in the Commonwealth of Australia or in the United Kingdom or in a British Possession. Service in a foreign workshop shall not be accepted unless the Examiner is satisfied in each case that its value is substantially equivalent to that of service performed in the Commonwealth of Australia. In cases where the Examiner is not satisfied that the value is equivalent, he shall refer the matter to the Principal Examiner for decision.
(2.) Time spent in attending evening classes in engineering at an approved Technical School shall similarly be allowed to count under the following conditions:—
(
a ) Each candidate claiming an allowance for time spent in attending evening classes at a Technical School shall produce a certificate signed by the Principal of the school to the effect that he has attended regularly at a definite class or classes, which shall be specified, and has made satisfactory progress. The certificate shall also state the total number of hours spent by the candidate in attending each class.(
b )Time spent by the candidate in attending such classes as have a direct bearing on the training of a marine or mechanical engineer shall be reckoned at the rate of five hours to one day. The total number of days so obtained shall then be accepted in lieu of two-thirds of the same period of workshop service.
(3.) Time spent in foreign technical schools shall not be recognized unless the Principal Examiner is satisfied that its value is substantially equivalent to that spent in an approved Technical School.
(4.) For the purposes of this regulation, approved Technical Schools and the times allowed for attendance at each, shall be those specified in the Fourth Schedule.
performed in ships, other than foreign-going and Australian-trade ships, is allowed to count towards the qualifying periods for First Class Certificates shall be those prescribed by regulations 26 to 30 (inclusive) of these Regulations.
(2.) The Director may allow a candidate who, in consequence of service abroad, has had no opportunity to obtain a recognized Second Class Certificate, to be examined for a First Class Certificate, if the candidate is able to satisfy him as to the satisfactory character of his service. Such a candidate shall prove that he has served for at least four years in steam ships of at least 99 nominal horse-power or motor ships of at least 560 brake horse-power, of which period at least eighteen months shall have been spent in charge of the entire watch on the boilers and main propelling machinery of a steam ship or on the main propelling machinery of a motor ship. If any such candidate fails to pass the Examination for the First Class Certificate but shows that he has reached the standard required for a Second Class Certificate, a Second Class Certificate may be granted to him, but no part of the fee shall be returned.
(2.) Service in ships where a watchkeeping engineer is, as part of his regular duties, required to do stoking or other work not usually performed by an engineer, shall not be accepted as qualifying service.
(
a ) For Steam Certificates, First and Second Class, eighteen months, of which at least nine months shall have been spent on the boilers and main propelling machinery of a steam ship.This period of at least nine months shall have included at least six months’ service on the boilers and six months’ service on the main propelling machinery, but the service on the boilers and on the main propelling machinery may have been simultaneous.
The remaining nine months (or balance of nine months) may have been spent on the boilers of a steam ship, or on the main propelling machinery of a steam or motor ship, or on suitable auxiliaries of steam or motor ship, or on day work. This period of nine months (or balance of nine months) may be reduced by not more than three months by reason of attendance at an approved Technical School.
(
b ) For Motor Certificates, First and Second Class, eighteen months, of which at least six months shall have been spent on the main propelling machinery of a motor ship.The remaining twelve months (or balance of twelve months) may have been spent on the main propelling machinery of a steam or motor ship, or on suitable auxiliaries of a steam or motor ship, or to the extent of not more than six months on the boilers of a steam ship, or on day work. This period of twelve months (or balance of twelve months) may be reduced by not more than three months by reason of attendance at an approved Technical School.
(
c ) For Combined Steam and Motor Certificates, First and Second Class, twenty-one months, of which at least:—(i) Nine months shall have been spent on the boilers and main propelling machinery of a steam ship.
This period shall have included at least six months’ service on the boilers and six months’ service on the main propelling machinery, but the service on the toilers and main propelling machinery may have been simultaneous; and
(ii) Six months shall have been spent on the main propelling machinery of a motor ship.
The remaining six months (or balance of six months) may have been spent on the boilers of a steam ship or on the main propelling machinery of a steam or motor ship or on suitable auxiliaries of a steam or motor ship or on day work. This period of six months (or balance of six months) may be reduced by not more than three months by reason of attendance at an approved Technical School.
(
d )For Motor Endorsement of a Steam Certificate, First and Second Class, a total of twenty-one months,* which shall have included at least six months’ service on the main propelling machinery of a motor ship.(
e ) For Steam Endorsement of a Motor Certificate, First and Second Class, a total of twenty-one months*, which shall have included at least nine months’ service on the boilers and main propelling machinery of a steam ship.This period of at least nine months shall have included at least six months’ service on the boilers and six months’ service on the main propelling machinery, but the service on the boilers and on the main propelling machinery may have been simultaneous.
* This total period of twenty-one months includes the eighteen months’ service required for the certificate.
shall, subject to the conditions with respect to the minimum service on boilers and main engines, be allowed to count in full towards the qualifying period of sea service. Time served on suitable auxiliaries run independently of the main propelling machinery shall be allowed to count at half rate.
(2.) Notwithstanding that a candidate’s official discharges may be endorsed “Limited Coast Trade”, for all purposes of calculating sea service the words “Limited Coast Trade” in these Regulations shall mean service in vessels making voyages between terminal ports outside the river and bay limits, and less than 500 nautical miles apart. The voyages between Brisbane and Sydney, Sydney and Melbourne, Melbourne and Adelaide, Melbourne and Hobart, are, for purposes of examination, to be in all cases considered as Australian trade.
(3.) Where a candidate’s discharges are marked “Australian Trade (N.L.C.)” (not leaving coast), and there is reason to believe that the vessel in which the qualifying service has been performed was engaged in trading between terminal ports less than 500 miles apart, such service shall only be reckoned at two-thirds of the service in the Australian trade.
(4.) Where any doubt arises in respect of the nature of any voyage made, the candidate shall submit proof in the form of a testimonial from the master showing the exact nature of such voyage, and, in the absence of such proof, the service shall be assessed at the lower rate.
Provided that—
(
a )in the case of a candidate for a Second Class Certificate, the service shall have been performed on lake, river or bay steam ships of not less than 66 nominal horse-power, or motor ships of not less than 373 brake horse-power, and the candidate shall have, in addition to his lake, river orbay service, had at least three months’ qualifying service at sea in a foreign-going or Australian trade ship or the equivalent service in the limited coast trade; or
(
b )in the case of a candidate for a First Class Certificate, the service shall have been performed on lake, river or bay steam ships of not less than 99 nominal horse-power or motor ships of not less than 560 brake horse-power, and the candidate shall have, in addition to his lake, river or bay service, had at least six months’ qualifying service at sea in foreign-going or Australian trade ships or the equivalent service in the limited coast trade.
(2.) Candidates for Second Class Certificates may perform all their qualifying sea service on regular watch in sea-going tugs, dredgers, fishing vessels or pilot vessels, of not less than 66 nominal horse-power, if steam, or 373 brake horse-power, if motor. Candidates for First Class Certificates shall, in addition to their service in charge of the watch in sea-going tugs, dredgers, fishing vessels or pilot vessels, of not less than 99 nominal horse-power, if steam, or 560 brake horse-power, if motor, have served in a qualifying capacity for not less than six months in a foreign-going or Australian trade ship or have performed equivalent service in the limited coast trade.
(2.) A candidate for a First Class Certificate shall, in addition to his service on yachts, have had at least three months’ service in a qualifying capacity on board a foreign-going or Australian trade ship, or the equivalent service in the limited coast trade, unless he has served for two years and three months as First Engineer or for three years as a Second Engineer on a steam yacht of not less than 99 nominal horsepower, or a motor yacht of not less than 560 brake horse-power.
(2.) Testimonials signed by Chief Engineers shall be endorsed by the Engineer Superintendent or the Master or other representative of the owner. Testimonials signed by the Company’s Superintendent or other officials shall not be regarded as sufficient except with the approval of the Principal Examiner.
(3.) The form of testimonial shall be in accordance with the form in the Fifth Schedule. Testimonials shall be returned to candidates when the examination is completed.
(2.) Where, as in the case of the service of engineers in foreign ships, the length of service cannot be verified, the testimonial of service shall be confirmed either by the Consul of the country to which the ship in which the candidate served belonged, or by some other recognized official authority of that country, or by some responsible person having personal knowledge of the facts required to be established. Where the testimonial is not confirmed by a Consul or other official authority of the country referred to, it should be endorsed by a British Consular official.
(3.) Service in ships which do not take out Articles of Agreement shall, before being counted for qualifying purposes under these Regulations, be substantiated by documentary proof to the satisfaction of the Principal Examiner.
approved Technical School, shall be allowed to count the time so spent as equivalent to two-thirds of the same period spent at sea under the conditions set out in regulation 23 of these Regulations. Where the course has been taken at evening classes, the total number of hours during which attendance has been made at such classes shall be divided by five and the result regarded as days of study.
(2.) The maximum remission of sea service in respect of attendance at a marine department of an approved Technical School shall be three months, and, in every case in which an allowance is made for time spent at a marine department of an approved Technical School, a candidate shall produce the Principal’s certificate for regular attendance at all the classes for a period of not less than one month, and for satisfactory progress. A candidate shall also produce his class notebooks and drawings, and should hand these to the Examiner together with the Principal’s certificate at least one week before the date of the examination.
(3.) The approved Technical Schools the marine departments of which are recognized for the purposes of this regulation are specified in the Fourth Schedule.
Part III.—Examinations and Issue of Certificates.
(2.) An Artificer Engineer who is a Warrant Officer shall make his application through the Commanding Officer to the Secretary to the Naval Board.
(3.) A Chief Engine Room Artificer or other Engine Room Artificer or a Mechanician who has left the Navy or the Naval Forces and desires to be examined for a certificate of competency as an Engineer in the Mercantile Marine, shall apply to a Mercantile Marine Office. A man who is still serving in any of these ratings in the Navy or Naval Forces shall make his application through his Commanding Officer.
has passed the appropriate examination at the termination of the course shall be granted exemption from the whole or part of Part A of the examination.
(2.) For the purpose of this regulation, the approved courses of instruction shall be those specified in the Sixth Schedule.
Part A.
(i) General Engineering Science (Applied Mechanics) (one paper of three hours).
(ii) Heat and Heat Engines (one paper of three hours).
(iii) Drawing (one paper of six hours).
Part B.
| one paper of two and a half hours. |
|
(ii) (
a ) Engineering Knowledge (two papers, each of three hours ).(
b ) Oral.
(
a ) A candidate who has attended an approved course of instruction specified in the Sixth Schedule and covering not less than two of three subjects included in Part A, and has obtained a certificate stating that he passed the appropriate examination at the termination of the course, shall be granted exemption from the subjects in Part A covered by the certificate.(
b )A candidate may present himself either for the whole of Part A of the examination, or, if exempted under the last preceding paragraph of this regulation from two subjects of the examination, for the remaining subject at any time after he has completed the necessary workshop service.(
c ) A candidate who has not been exempted under paragraph (a )of this regulation from Part A or a portion of it, and who, when taking Part A, passes in two subjects only, shall not be required to take those subjects again and may present himself for re-examination in the remaining subject at any time. If he passes in one subject only, he must sit for the whole Part on re-examination.
* Sets of specimen examination papers may be obtained at the Principal Mercantile Marine Offices in the Commonwealth.
In the examination for a Combined Steam and Motor Certificate, a third three-hours paper in Engineering Knowledge is set.
(
d )A candidate may take Part B at any time after he has completed the necessary periods of qualifying workshop and sea service, provided he also takes at the same time the whole of Part A of the Examination or such subjects, if any, in that Part, in which he has not already passed or from which he has not been exempted under paragraph (a ) of this regulation.(
e ) A candidate shall not be given a “pass” in Part B or in either Section of Part B unless he completes Part A at the same time as Part B or has previously completed it.(
f ) A candidate who completes, or has completed, Part A and who when taking Part B passes in Section (i) Electro-technology and Elementary Naval Architecture, but fails in Section (ii) Engineering Knowledge and Oral, shall be given a pass in Section (i) and may sit for re-examination in Section (ii) at any time.(
g )A candidate who completes, or has completed, Part A and who when taking Part B passes in Section (ii) Engineering Knowledge and Oral, but fails in Section (i) Electrotechnology and Elementary Naval Architecture, shall be given a pass in Section (ii) and may sit for re-examination in Section (i) at any time.
Part A.
(i) General Engineering Science (Applied Mechanics) (one paper of three hours).
(ii) Heat and Heat Engines (one paper of three hours).
Part B.
| one paper of two and a half hours. |
|
(ii) (
a ) Engineering Knowledge (two papers, each of three hours )(
b ) Oral.
(
a )A candidate who has been exempted from the Second Class Examination in General Engineering Science or Heat and Heat Engines, or both, shall also be exempted from this Examination in either or both of those subjects.(
b )A candidate possessing a Second Class Certificate is allowed to take either the whole of Part A or, if exempted under the last preceding paragraph of this regulation from one subject, the remaining subject at any time.
* Copies of specimen examination papers may be obtained at the Principal Mercantile Marine Offices in the Commonwealth.
In the examination for a Combined Steam and Motor Certificate, a third three-hours paper in Engineering Knowledge is set.
(
c ) A candidate who has not been exempted under paragraph (a ) of this regulation from Part A or part of it and who, when taking Part A, passes in one subject only, shall not be required to take that subject again and may sit for the remaining subject at any time.(
d )A candidate may take Part B at any time provided he holds a Second Class Certificate and has completed the necessary period of qualifying sea service, and provided also that he takes at the same time either the whole of Part A of the Examination or such subject, if any, in that Part, in which he has not already passed or from which he has not been exempted under paragraph (a ) of this regulation.(
e ) A candidate shall not be given a pass in Part B or in either Section of Part B unless he completes Part A at the same time as Part B or has previously completed it.(
f ) A candidate who completes or has completed Part A and who when taking Part B passes in Section (i) Electrotechnology and Elementary Naval Architecture, but fails in Section (ii) Engineering Knowledge and Oral, shall be given a pass in Section (i) and may sit for reexamination in Section (ii) at any time.(
g )A candidate who completes, or has completed Part A and who, when taking Part B, passes in Section (ii) Engineering Knowledge and Oral, but fails in Section (i) Electrotechnology and Elementary Naval Architecture, shall be given a pass in Section (ii) and may sit for reexamination in Section (i) at any time.
(
a ) One written paper of three hours in Engineering Knowledge; and(
b ) Oral examination.
The syllabuses for these examinations shall be those set out in the appropriate sections of the Seventh Schedule.
Provided that the Director may dispense with the re-examination if he thinks fit.
result of the examination which he shall produce to the Examiner when he next presents himself for examination.
(2.) A certificate of competency shall be in accordance with the form in the Eighth Schedule.
(2.) If a candidate fails at the examination he shall be so notified.
(2.) If a candidate fails through ignorance of fundamental principles, or on account of general defectiveness in the examination, he shall not be allowed to present himself for re-examination until a period of time to be fixed by the Principal Examiner has elapsed, but such period shall not in any case exceed three months.
(3.) Except as provided in sub-regulations (1.) and (2.) of this regulation, a candidate may present himself for re-examination at any time, but if he fails three times in any part of the examination within any period of three months, he shall not be re-examined until after a period of three months from the date of the last failure.
(2.) Where it is shown to the satisfaction of the Director that due care had been taken of the original, and that the loss or defacement was not due to the fault of the holder, no charge shall be made for the certified copy.
(3.) Where the Director is not so satisfied, the applicant shall pay a fee of Ten shillings before delivery of the copy.
THE SCHEDULES.
FIRST SCHEDULE. Reg. 5.
List of Dominion and Colonial Certificates as Engineer Recognized by Order in Council, Which are of the Same Force as Those Granted by the Board of Trade.
Note.—With the exception of those made after 1906, all of the Orders in Council enumerated below were consolidated and superseded by an Order in Council, dated 9th May, 1891, which, as subsequently amended by an Order in Council of 22nd October, 1906, and by the Order of 11th October, 1923, relating to Australia, remains in force.
Dominion or Colony. | Certificates. | Date of original Order in Council. | Date from which Order in Council takes effect. | |
By whom granted. | Description.* | |||
| ‡Marine Board | 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer | 30 Mar., 1871 | 4 Jan., 1870 |
Canada..... | The Minister of Marine and Fisheries |
| 10 Nov., 1886 | 1 Jan., 1887 |
New Zealand | Marine Department |
| 9 Aug., 1872 | 1 May, 1872 |
| §Department of Navigation | 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer | 30 Aug., 1873 | 18 June, 1872 |
| Marine Board | 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer | 12 May, 1874 | 12 May, 1874 |
| The Governor | 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer | 12 Feb., 1876 | 1 April, 1876 |
║Bengal | Dept. of Commerce, Govt. of India |
| 27 June, 1876 | 27 June, 1876 |
Newfoundland | Governor........ | 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer | 19 July, 1910 | 19 July, 1910 |
║Bombay | Dept. of Commerce, Govt. of India |
| 11 July, 1877 | 11 July, 1877 |
India......... | Dept. of Commerce, Govt. of India |
| 17 Dec., 1931 | 1 April, 1929 |
* The Engineers’ Certificates recognized by Order in Council as having Imperial validity do not include any Motor Certificates, or Motor Endorsements, except where stated.
The issue of certificates of Imperial validity by the Governments of the separate States of the Commonwealth of Australia ceased on the 1st October, 1923, the date on which the issue of such certificates was undertaken by the Commonwealth Government.
‡
The Steam Navigation Board was superseded by the Marine Board on the 21st
December, 1888.
§ The Marine Board was superseded by the Department of Navigation on the 17th March, 1900.
║ The issue of certificates of Imperial validity by the Provincial Governments of Bengal and Bombay ceased on the 1st April, 1929, the date on which the issue of such certificates was taken over by the Government of India.
First Schedule—
Dominion or Colony. | Certificates. | Date of original Order in Council. | Date from which Order in Council takes effect. | |
By whom granted. | Description.* | |||
Queensland | Marine Board | 1st Class Engineer; 2nd Class Engineer | 26 Mar., 1878 | 1 Oct., 1877 |
Hong Kong | Governor........ |
| 31 Dec., 1883 | 1 Jan., 1884 |
Straits Settlements | Governor........ |
| 1 May, 1890 | 1 Aug., 1888 |
Commonwealth of Australia |
|
| 11 Oct., 1923 | 1 Oct., 1923 |
Union of South Africa | Dept. of Customs |
| 11 Aug., 1931 | 1 July, 1928 |
* The Engineers’ Certificates recognized by Order in Council as having Imperial validity do not include any Motor Certificates, or Motor Endorsements, except where stated.
The issue of certificates of Imperial validity by the Governments of the separate States of the Commonwealth of Australia ceased on the 1st October, 1923, the date on which the issue of such certificates was undertaken by the Commonwealth Government.
SECOND SCHEDULE. Reg. 6.
Time-Tables of Examinations.
Day. | Part of Examination. | Morning Session. | Afternoon Session. |
Monday.......... | B | One paper. 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
| One paper. 2 p.m. to 5 p.m.
|
Tuesday.......... | A | One paper. 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. | One paper. 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. |
Wednesday..... | A | 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. | |
Thursday......... | B | (i)
(ii) One paper. 10 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. | One paper. 1.30 p.m. to 4.30 p.m.
|
B |
| ||
Second Schedule—
Day. | Part of Examination. | Morning Session. | Afternoon Session. |
Monday.......... | B | One paper. 10 a.m. to 1 p.m.
| One paper. 2 p.m. to 5 p.m.
|
Tuesday.......... | A | One paper. 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. | One paper. 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. |
Wednesday..... | B | (i) (ii) One paper. 10 a.m. to 12.30 p.m. | One paper. 1.30 p.m. to 4.30 p.m.
|
B |
| ||
THIRD SCHEDULE. Reg. 14.
List of Text Books.
The books in the list below, from which a suitable choice may be made, are mentioned for the guidance of intending candidates for examinations for Certificates of Competency as Engineers in the Mercantile Marine, but candidates are advised to consult their teachers as to the text books they should study. The prices quoted in the first column are the prices at which the books were published.
Title. | Author. | Publisher. |
Mathematics. 12s. 6d..................... | B. B. Low................. | Longmans, Green & Company |
Mathematics for Engineers. Vol. 1. 10s. 6d. „ 2. 13s. 6d. | W. N. Rose............... | Chapman & Hall, Limited |
Applied Mechanics for Engineers. 12s. 6d. | J. Duncan................. | Macmillan & Company, Limited |
Mechanics for Engineers. 6s. 6d. | A. Morley................ | Longmans, Green & Company |
| J. Goodman.............. | ,, ,, |
Applied Mechanics. 12s. 6d.......... | D. A. Low................ | ,, ,, |
Strength of Materials. 12s. 6d. | A. Morley................ | ,, ,, |
Materials and Structures. 15s. | E. H. Salmon............ | ,, ,, |
Mechanical Testing. Vol. 1. 21s. „ 2. 25s. | R. G. Batson & J. H. Hyde | Chapman & Hall, Limited |
Theory of Machines. 12s. 6d. | Toft & Kersey.......... | Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. |
Metallurgy. 17s. 6d........................ | E. Gregory............... | Blackie & Son, Ltd. |
Hydraulics and its Applications. 16s. | A. H. Gibson............ | Constable & Company, Limited |
Third Schedule—
Title. | Author. | Publisher. |
Machine Drawing and Design. 7s. 6d. | W. Abbott................ | Blackie & Son, Ltd. |
| Unwin & Mellanby | Longmans, Green & Company |
Steam and other Engines. 6s. | J. Duncan................. | Macmillan & Company, Limited |
The Theory of Heat Engines. 12s. 6d. | W. Inchley............... | Longmans, Green & Company |
Steam Turbine Operation. 12s. 6d. | W. J. Kearton........... | Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. |
The Marine Steam Turbine. 30s. | J. W. M. Sothern...... | The Technical Press |
| J. B. O. Sneeden....... | Longmans, Green & Company |
Diesel Engine Design. 21s............ | H. F. P. Purday......... | Constable & Company |
Marine Diesel Oil Engines. 45s. | J. W. M. Sothern...... | The Technical Press |
Elementary Electrical Engineering. 7s. 6d. | Clayton & Shelley.... | Longmans, Green & Company |
Electrical Technology. 12s. 6d. | H. Cotton................. | Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd. |
Electricity for Marine Engineers. 5s. | W. S. Ibbetson.......... | E. & F. N. Spon, Limited |
|
| ,, ,, |
Text Book on Theoretical Naval Architecture. 15s. | E. L. Attwood.......... | Longmans, Green & Company |
Know Your Own Ship. 12s........... | Thomas Walton........ | Charles Griffin & Company, Ltd |
|
| ,, ,, |
Candidates are advised to read technical journals and the Transactions of their professional institutions. The following Circulars, &c., issued by the Mercantile Marine Department of the Board of Trade might also be read with advantage:—Circular 1650, Precautions to be observed in the use of Oil Fuel; Circular 1677, Simultaneous use of coal and oil as fuel. Notice No. 106, Fires in Steamship bunker and cargo coal—Spontaneous Combustion. Notice M.140, Prevention and extinction of fire on cargo ships. Notice M.146, Prevention of fire in cargo ships using oil fuel. Special Report No. 5, Fires in Steamship Bunkers and Cargo Coal.
FOURTH SCHEDULE. Regs. 19, 36.
Approved Technical Schools.
The following is a list of Technical Schools attendance at which is recognized by the Board of Trade and the Minister as affording remission of some period of the service required to qualify a candidate for examination for a certificate of competency as Engineer.
(I.) Day Classes.
When nothing is stated to the contrary, time spent in attending the day classes in Mechanical Engineering of a recognized Technical School is accepted as equivalent to Workshop Service in the ratio of three years of the former of two of the latter, provided the applicant was over fifteen years of age and can produce the Principal’s certificate for continuous and regular attendance at all the approved classes and for satisfactory progress. Such time cannot be accepted as equivalent to more than two years’ workshop service.
Fourth Schedule—
Aberdeen.—Robert Gordon’s College, Aberdeen.
Acton.—Technical College, Acton.
*Adelaide.—School of Mines, Adelaide.
*Adelaide.—University of Adelaide.
* Auckland, N.Z.—University College, Auckland.
* Ballarat.—School of Mines, Ballarat.
Belfast.—College of Technology, Belfast.
Benares.—Hindu University, Benares, India.
Birmingham.—University of Birmingham.
‡Birmingham.—City of Birmingham Municipal Technical College, Suffolk-street, Birmingham. (Two years’ full-time course and Afternoon Classes.)
Blackburn.—Municipal Technical College, Blackburn.
**Bombay.—Victoria Jubilee Technical Institute, Bombay.
Bradford.—Municipal Technical College, Bradford.
Brighton.—Municipal Technical College, Brighton.
*Brisbane.—Technical College, Brisbane.
Bristol.—Merchant Venturers Technical College, Bristol.
Bristol.—University of Bristol.
Cambridge.—University of Cambridge.
Cardiff.—The Technical College, Cardiff.
Cardiff.—University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire, Cardiff.
‡*Christchurch, N.Z.—Canterbury College, Christchurch.
Cork.—Crawford Municipal Technical Institute, Cork.
Dagenham.—South East Essex Technical College.
Dartmouth.—Royal Naval College, Dartmouth.
§Devonport.—Royal Naval Engineering College, Devonport.
Dublin.—University College, Dublin.
Edinburgh.—Heriott-Watt College, Edinburgh.
¶ Geelong, Victoria.—Gordon Institute of Technology.
||Glasgow.—Royal Technical College, Glasgow.
||Glasgow.—James Watt Engineering Laboratories, Glasgow University.
Guindy.—College of Engineering, Guindy, Madras.
*Hobart.—University of Hobart.
Huddersfield.—Huddersfield Technical College, Huddersfield.
Hull.—Municipal Technical College, Hull.
India—Indian Mercantile Marine Training ship, “Dufferin.”
Insein.—Government Technical Institute, Insein.
*Karachi.—Nadirshaw Edulji Dinshaw Civil Engineering College, Karachi.
Lahore.—Maclagan Engineering College, Lahore.
Leeds.—The University of Leeds.
Liverpool.—The Faculty of Engineering, The University of Liverpool.
London.—Battersea Polytechnic, London, S.W.11.
¶¶London.—Faraday House Electrical Engineering College, Faraday House, Southampton Row, London, W.C.2.
London.—Imperial College of Science and Technology (City and Guilds (Engineering) College), London, S.W.7.
§§London.—King’s College, Strand, London, W.C.2.
London.—London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation, Poplar, E.14.
* Time spent at classes in mechanical or electrical engineering will be accepted at half value up to a maximum of eighteen months.
Time spent by students of the Electrical Engineering Department on work similar to that in the Mechanical Engineering Department to count as equivalent.
‡Time spent at afternoon classes to count as equivalent to two-thirds of the same period of workshop service, five hours in the classes being reckoned as equivalent to one day.
** Half-time will be accepted for either the mechanical or the electrical engineering courses with a maximum of two years.
One third, only, of the time to be counted, with maximum allowance of one year.
§ Time to count in full up to three years.
¶ Half-time to count with a maximum of two years.
|| A complete session to count as six months.
¶¶ Half, only, of the time to be counted.
§§ Two-thirds of time to count, with a maximum of two years for three year students, and two years and eight months for four year students who have spent three summer sessions in the works of a maker of steam engines, for which no separate allowance is claimed.
Fourth Schedule—
*London.—Northampton Polytechnic Institute, Clerkenwell, London, E.C.1.
London.—Polytechnic School of Engineering, Regent Street, London, W.1.
London.—Queen Mary College (University of London), Mile End Road, London, E.1.
London.—St. Olave’s Grammar School, London, S.E.1.
London.—University College, Gower Street, London, W.C.1.
London.—Woolwich Polytechnic, S.E.18.
Loughborough.—Loughborough College, Leicestershire.
Manchester.—Manchester Municipal College of Technology, Manchester.
Manchester.—University of Manchester.
‡Melbourne.—Footscray Technical College, Melbourne.
‡Melbourne.—Swinbourne Technical College, Melbourne.
**Melbourne.—Technical College (Working Men’s), Melbourne.
**Melbourne.—University of Melbourne.
Natal.—Natal University College (Howard College), Durban.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Armstrong College, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
§Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Rutherford Technical College, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
‡Newcastle, New South Wales.—Technical School, Newcastle.
¶Osborne.—Royal Naval College, Osborne.
Oundle.—Engineering Department of Oundle School, Northants.
Paisley.—Technical College and School of Art, Paisley.
Perth, Western Australia.—University of Western Australia, Perth.
||Poona.—College of Engineering, Poona, Bombay.
Portsmouth.—Portsmouth Municipal College, Portsmouth.
¶¶Queensland.—Technical School, Ipswich, Queensland.
**Queensland.—University of Queensland.
Salford.—Royal Technical Institute, Salford.
Sheffield.—University of Sheffield.
§§Sibpur.—Bengal Engineering College, Sibpur.
Southampton.—University College, Southampton.
Sunderland.—Sunderland Technical College, Sunderland.
Swansea.—Swansea Technical College, Swansea.
**Sydney.—Technical College, Sydney.
** Sydney.—University of Sydney.
||||Tonbridge.—Engineering Department of Tonbridge School.
West Ham.—West Ham Municipal College.
§§Wigan.—Wigan and District Mining and Technical College, Wigan.
§§ Wolverhampton.—Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Technical College.
(II.) Evening Classes.
Time spent in attending Evening Classes in Engineering at recognized Technical Schools is accepted as equivalent to workshop service, five hours in the classes being reckoned as equivalent to one day, and two-thirds of the number of days so obtained counting as workshop service, subject to the provisions of regulation 19.
Aberdeen.—Robert Gordon’s College, Aberdeen.
Acton.—Technical College, Acton.
Barrow-in-Furness.—Municipal Technical College, Barrow-in-Furness.
* Two-thirds to count, with maximum of two years eight months.
One-third of time to count with a maximum of one year.
‡Half time to count with a maximum of two years.
** Time spent at classes in electrical engineering will be accepted at half value up to a maximum of eighteen months.
Two-thirds time will be accepted for either the mechanical or electrical engineering courses with a maximum of two years.
§ A complete session to count as four months.
¶ One-third, only, of the time to be counted.
|| Half time to count with a maximum of eighteen months.
¶¶ Half time to count with a maximum of two years.
§§ Two-thirds time will be accepted for either the mechanical or electrical engineering courses with a maximum of two years.
||| One-third of time to count with a maximum of one year.
Fourth Schedule—
Belfast.—College of Technology, Belfast.
Birkenhead.—Technical College, Birkenhead.
*Birmingham.—City of Birmingham Municipal Technical School, Suffolk-street, Birmingham.
Blackburn.—Municipal Technical College, Blackburn.
Bootle.—Municipal Technical College, Bootle.
Brighton.—Municipal Technical College, Brighton.
Bristol.—Merchant Venturers Technical College, Bristol.
Cardiff.—City of Cardiff Technical Schools.
Coatbridge.—Technical College, Coatbridge.
Dagenham.—South East Essex Technical College.
Darlington.—Technical College, Darlington.
Derby.—Technical College, Derby.
Dublin.—Bolton Street Technical Institute.
Dundee.—Dundee Technical College, Dundee.
Edinburgh.—Heriott-Watt College, Edinburgh.
Glasgow.—Royal Technical College, Glasgow.
Greenock.—Greenock Technical School, Greenock (known as Watt Memorial School).
Huddersfield.—Huddersfield Technical College, Huddersfield.
Hull.—Municipal Technical College, Hull.
Leeds.—College of Technology, Leeds.
Leith.—Leith Technical College, Leith.
Liverpool.—City of Liverpool Technical College, Liverpool.
London.—Battersea Polytechnic, London, S.W.11.
London.—Borough Polytechnic Institute, 103 Borough Road, London, S.E.1.
London.—Hackney Technical Institute, E.8.
London.—London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation, Poplar, E.14
London.—Northampton Polytechnic Institute, Clerkenwell, E.C.1.
London.—Paddington Technical Institute, W.9.
London.—South East London Technical Institute, S.E.4.
London.—The Polytechnic School of Engineering, Regent Street, London, W.l.
London.—Wandsworth Technical Institute, S.W.18.
London.—Woolwich Polytechnic, S.E.18.
Londonderry.—Municipal Technical College, Londonderry.
Loughborough.—Loughborough College, Leicestershire.
Manchester.—The Manchester Municipal School of Technology, Manchester.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Kings College, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Rutherford Technical College, Newcastle-on-Tyne.
Newport, Mon.—Technical College and Institute.
Paisley.—Technical College and School of Arts, Paisley.
Preston.—Harris Institute, Preston.
Salford.—Salford Royal Technical Institute, Salford.
Sheffield.—Department of Applied Science, University of Sheffield, St. George’s Square, Sheffield.
Southampton.—University College, Southampton.
South Shields.—The Marine School, South Shields.
Swansea.—Swansea Technical College, Swansea.
West Hartlepool.—West Hartlepool Technical College.
Wigan.—Wigan and District Mining and Technical College.
Wolverhampton.—Wolverhampton and Staffordshire Technical College.
(III) Marine Departments of Technical Schools.
When nothing is stated to the contrary, time spent in the Marine Department of a Technical School recognised as suitable for the training of Marine Engineers shall, subject to the provisions of regulation 36, be allowed to count as sea service in the ratio of three months at the Technical School to two months at sea, time so spent not to be accepted as equivalent to more than three months’ sea service.
* Afternoon classes also count in the same proportion.
Time spent by students ofthe Electrical Engineering Department on work similar to that in the Mechanical Engineering Department to count as equivalent.
Fourth Schedule)—
Aberdeen.—Robert Gordon’s Technical College, Aberdeen.
Cardiff—The Technical College, Cardiff.
Dundee.—Dundee Technical College and School of Art.
Greenock.—Watt Memorial School, Greenock.
Hull.—Municipal Technical College, Hull.
Leith.—Leith Nautical College, Leith.
Liverpool.—City of Liverpool Technical College.
London.—London County Council School of Engineering and Navigation, Poplar, E.14.
Southampton.—University College.
South Shields.—The Marine School, South Shields.
FIFTH SCHEDULE. Reg. 31.
Form of Testimonial.
Name and address of Shipowner or Company.
I certify that the following is a full and true statement of the sea service performed by Mr. under my supervision on board the* O.N.
Period of Service. Dates. | Rank of Officer and actual seniority on watch. | Type of main engines and boilers. Single or twin-screw. | Nature of duties. For appropriate description see below. | |
From. | To. | |||
Report as to ability...........................................................................................................
„ „ conduct.....................................................................................................
„ „ sobriety....................................................................................................
Signature of Chief Engineer......................................................................
Remarks (if any).........................................................................................
Engineer Superintendent........................................................................................................... | |
Signature of | or |
Master or other representative of Owner........................................................................................................... |
I. On fitters’ work either by day or regular watch—
(
a ) Within main engine and boiler spaces.(
b ) Outside main engine and boiler spaces.
II. (
(
b ) On auxiliary engines separated from main propelling units but worked in conjunction therewith.
III. On regular watch on Main Engines as—
(
a ) First Engine Room Assistant under the Senior in full charge.(
b ) Second Engine Room Assistant.(
c ) Junior Engine Room Assistant.
* Steam or motorship. Name of ship and official number.
Fifth Schedule—
IV. On regular watch on Main Boilers—
(
a ) In charge of all stokeholds.(
b ) In charge of a section or one stokehold only.(
c ) As Boiler Room Assistant.
V. On regular watch on Main Engines and Boilers simultaneously—
(
a ) In full charge of the entire watch.(
b ) As First Assistant to the Senior in full charge.(
c ) As Junior Assistant.
Note.—It is recommended that this form should be used when the Engineer reported on, or when the Chief Engineer, leaves a ship.
SIXTH SCHEDULE. Regs. 39, 41.
Recognised Technical Courses.
The following is a list of Technical Courses of Instruction leading to Certificates, Diplomas and Degrees which are recognised by the Board of Trade and the Minister as affording exemption from the whole or part of Part A of the examinations as shown in regulations 41 and 43:—
(
a )The Ordinary National Certificate in Mechanical Engineering including Higher National Courses and Certificates, in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.(
b ) The Ordinary and Higher National Diplomas in Mechanical Engineering in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland.(
c ) The Diploma in Mechanical Engineering of the Royal Technical College, Glasgow.(
d )University Degrees and University College Diplomas in Engineering awarded in England and Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland, provided that candidates who submit such degrees or diplomas produce evidence that the course of study has covered the subjects of the examination as required by these Regulations.
Certificates in Mechanical Engineering issued prior to July, 1939, by the Ministry of Education of Northern Ireland shall also be accepted, provided that the holder passed all the Ministry’s examinations up to and including those of the third year and provided also that a candidate who submits such a certificate produces a testimonial to the effect that classes have been attended regularly at an approved College and that homework and laboratory work have been done throughout the course of study to the satisfaction of the Principal.
Where the courses taken and the degrees, diplomas or certificates obtained do not cover precisely the same ground as is required by these Regulations, the circumstances of each case shall be considered on merits by the Director with a view to the granting of a partial exemption from part of Part A.
SEVENTH SCHEDULE. Regs. 40, 42 and 44.
Syllabuses for the First and Second Class Examinations.
Fundamental Knowledge Subjects.
Candidates for a First Class Certificate are expected to show a knowledge of all the items in the syllabus, including the underlined items. Candidates for a Second Class Certificate shall not be examined on the items underlined.
1.
2.
3.
Seventh Schedule—
4.
5.
general engineering science.
[
Mass, volume, relative density (specific
gravity). Areas and solids, application of Simpson’s Rule to areas, volumes
Displacement, linear and angular
velocity. Uniform linear and angular acceleration. Relative velocity. Vectors.
Work, power and
Transmission of power by gearing.
Elementary hydrostatics and hydraulics. Principle of Archimedes. Basic ideas of fluid pressure and fluid friction. Flow through pipes and orifices.
Stress, strain and elasticity. Hooke’s Law. Moduli of elasticity. Simple tension, compression and shear.
Stresses and strains in single
heat and heat engines.
[
Temperature scales and their
conversion. Linear and volumetric expansion or contraction due to change of
temperature. Co-efficient of expansion. Specific heat.
Energy, methods of measurement of
energy and work. Mechanical equivalent of heat. Fuels and the generation of
heat by combustion. Calorific value of fuels.
Calculation of work done with
hypothetical pressure-volume diagrams, with constant steam pressure and with
expansion according to the law
Mean referred pressure. Cylinder volume ratios. Heat balances with reference to engine and boiler trials. Results to be expected from the application of high pressure steam, of compounding, super-heating and steam-jacketing.
Seventh Schedule—
Boilers and evaporators.
Thermal, mechanical and overall efficiencies.
Drawing.
This subject is to be taken by candidates for Second Class Certificates only.
[
The Drawing Paper shall consist of a test of the ability to apply the principles of projection and candidates shall be asked to draw a plan, elevation or section or a combination of these views of a piece of marine machinery from information supplied. All the required information for the completion of the drawing shall be given in the question paper.
Practical Knowledge Subjects.
electrotechnology and elementary naval architecture.
[
electrotechnology.
The effects of an electric current—chemical, magnetic and heating. Primary cells and accumulators. Electrolysis. Simple magnetic and electromagnetic phenomena.
Application of electromagnetic induction phenomena to the generator.
Practical electrical units (limited to D.C. practice in the Second Class Examination) Ohm’s Law. Laws of resistance. Effects of temperature on resistance. Grouping of resistances. Mechanical and heat equivalents. Modes of current distribution for lighting and power purposes.
elementary naval architecture.
Displacement, wetted surface, block
and prismatic co-efficients of fineness of displacement, co-efficients of
fineness of water plane. Tons per inch immersion. Alteration in draught owing
to change in density of the water. Shift of Centre of Gravity by adding,
removing, shifting of consuming fuel, ballast or cargo.
engineering knowledge.
Candidates for a combined Steam and
Motor Certificate must be prepared to be examined in all the items (
1.
Seventh Schedule—
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
(
(
(
(
(
(2) The methods of dealing with wear and tear of machinery and boilers. The alignment of machinery parts. The correction of defects due to flaws in material or accident. Temporary or permanent repairs in the event of derangement or total breakdown.
(
(
(
(2) General principles and functions of essential instruments. General construction and operation of switch gear and safety devices employed in the electrical equipment. Ignition—battery and coil and H.T. magneto. The care and maintenance of accumulators.
(3) Constructional arrangement, operation and maintenance of electric steering gears.
(4) At the candidate’s option either—
(
a )Constructional arrangements, operation, maintenance and general characteristic performance of A.C. generators and motors commonly installed on board ship. The synchronising and parallel running of alternators; or(
b )Constructional arrangement, operation, maintenance and general characteristic performance of D.C. generators and motors commonly installed on board ship. Parallel running of shunt and compound dynamos.
(
(
Seventh Schedule—
producers, and vapourisers, particularly in bilges and other unventilated spaces. The action of wire gauze diaphragms and the places in which such devices should be fitted.
(2) Spontaneous combustion of coal. Explosive properties of gas given off by coal. Ventilation and storage of coal.
(3) Fire detection. Methods of dealing with fire. Action and maintenance of mechanical and chemical fire extinguishers and other fire-fighting appliances, respirators and safety lamps.
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
(
candidates for first-class certificates and endorsements only.
(
Seventh Schedule—
(
(
(
candidates for first-class steam and combined steam and motor certificates and first-class steam endorsements only.
(
oral examination.
The oral Examination shall be largely based upon the Practical Knowledge subjects of the Examination and shall include questions on the management of engines and boilers at sea, the duties of the supervising engineer, the work to be done to engines, boilers and auxiliary machinery in port and the periodical examination of the working parts.
Candidates should also be well acquainted with machinery and boiler casualties which may occur at sea and be able to state how these may be prevented and remedied.
Reading the Water-gauge.
Notwithstanding that the reading of the water-gauge is made a special feature in the examination of engineers, many boiler casualties result from the engineer of the watch either not understanding the construction of the water-gauge fittings or not satisfying himself by actual trial that the cocks, pipes, &c., are clear.
Unless a candidate under examination is able to prove that he understands how to verify the indications of the water-gauge, he will not be passed in practical knowledge. Failure in practical knowledge involves a candidate going to sea for further experience before re-examination.
The sketches, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, Plate I., represent the usual methods of attaching water-gauge mountings to marine boilers, the smoke-boxes being omitted, for convenience, from Figures 3, 4 and 5. The important features in each gauge and the method of verifying its indications are dealt with separately in the following notes.
In this case the water-gauge cocks are attached direct to the boiler, and the accuracy of the gauge when the boiler is under steam can be tested as follows:—
First.—Let B remain open, then close cock D and open cock E, and if steam issues it proves that cock B and the passage through the top fitting and gauge glass are clear. If no steam or water issues, either cock B or the passage through the top fitting and gauge glass is choked and the gauge cannot act properly until the obstruction is removed.
Second.—Close cock B and open D and E, and if water issues, cock D is clear. If no water or steam issues, either cock D or the passage from the boiler through the lower fitting is choked and must be cleared before the gauge can act properly.
In this case the gauge cocks are attached to a bent pipe of comparatively large diameter (at least 3 inches in the bore), the upper end of which communicates with the steam space, and the lower end with the water space of the boiler. Owing to the bore of the pipe being large, it is not likely to become choked or stopped under the ordinary conditions of working. The water-gauge is, therefore, in practically the same condition as if it were attached direct to the boiler, as in Figure 1. This gauge, when at work, is tested in precisely the same manner as the one shown in Figure 1.
Screw plugs are inserted at P.P. and Q.Q., by the removal of which the apertures in the pipe can be cleared, if necessary, by the insertion of a wire or rod when steam is down.
Seventh Schedule—
In this gauge there is an open
communication from A to C through the column Y, and in order to “blow through
the
Sometimes the water-gauge fittings are arranged as shown in Figures 4 and 5, with no passage up the column, the central portion (N) of the column being simply a pillar or connecting piece of any convenient section between the upper and lower portions to which the cocks B and D are attached.
By this arrangement double communications are obviated and there is no need for what is known as “double shut off” in testing the accuracy of the gauge. When, however, the gauges are constructed in this manner, the cocks B and D are unreliable as test cocks in the event of there being no glass in the gauge. This feature should be carefully noted. Moreover, when in working condition, the reduction of pressure in the glass which arises when E is opened causes the water in pipe H to rise above its normal level. This objectionable feature should also be noted.
Sometimes there is a bend, L, in the steam pipe I leading from cock A to cock B. This has occasionally escaped observation when new boilers have been fitted on board ship. In most cases this bend arises from the pipe being led in an abnormal direction to escape other pipes, beams or fittings near the smoke-box. With such a bend the condensed steam collects in the pipe and falls to the bottom of the bend, and in time it completely fills the pipe from J to K. The steam from K down to the level of the water in the glass is thereby trapped and, as condensation proceeds, leads to a reduction of pressure in the pipe below that of the boiler and an equivalent rise of the water in the bend and also in the gauge glass. When the vessel is quiescent the water in the gauge glass increases in height until cock E is opened or until the pressure in the boiler is so much in excess of that in the lower part of pipe I as to cause the water in the bend to be blown into the gauge glass. In either case instantaneous change of water level in the glass ensues.
In the ordinary course of working, the phenomenon described above is more or less modified by the presence of air in the upper part of the gauge and by the rise and fall of the water in the boiler and gauge glass arising from the rolling or pitching motions of the vessel.
When cocks A and C are omitted, as in Figure 2, this is owing to the bore of the stand pipe being sufficiently large to enable it to be regarded as part of the boiler. Such pipes require, however, to be examined and cleared at intervals by passing a rod through the holes provided for the purpose at P.P. and Q.Q.
Cocks at A and C are not necessary for the testing of gauges arranged as shown in Figures 4 and 5. Candidates, however, should be fully aware of the impossibility of testing the reliability of the indications of water-gauges
Seventh Schedule—
arranged as in Figure 3 when the cocks A and C are absent, and of the effect which the choking of cock A or C, or pipe H or I, has on the indications of the test cocks T.T.T. when attached to column Y.
Many ships afloat are fitted with water-gauges as shown in Figures 3 and 4, and it is therefore specially important that engineer candidates should thoroughly understand their construction, the principle on which they act, and the steps which must be taken to keep them in an efficient condition.
When fitting a gauge glass into its place, it is specially important that it should not be placed so high as to prevent a clearing rod being inserted at G, Figures 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. This defect, especially if it occurs in a water-gauge attached to a boiler subject to priming permits a rapid accumulation of scum around the top of the glass and results in the choking of the orifice leading from cock B to the gauge glass in each of the figures.
When a gauge glass is too short, or is placed either too high or too low in the fittings, it is also liable to become choked by the packing material being forced over its ends by the glands whilst being screwed up.
The use of unsuitable or insecure internal pipes in connexion either with the ordinary glass gauge cocks of the description shown in Figure 1, or with test cocks which are jointed to the boiler itself, should also be carefully guarded against.
Boiler casualties have resulted
from the cocks B and D having the parts wrongly placed as shown in Figure 6,
Plate 2. In one case of that kind, which forms the subject of Report No. 208
under the Boiler Explosions Acts of the United Kingdom, the engineer in testing
the water-gauge omitted to see that the passages in the cocks B and D were
clear
Another serious casualty occurred through the handle of the cock A, Figure 3, having been twisted from its original position relatively to the orifice of the cock, resulting in the cock being shut when apparently open.
When a water-gauge, that is clear
in all its parts, has been thoroughly blown through, the water in the glass
rises above the level at which it formerly stood, immediately the drain cock E
is closed, but if left undisturbed for a time it gradually falls to its former
position. The amount of rise which occurs on these occasions depends chiefly on
the temperature of the contents of the boiler and on the length of the pipes by
which column Y is connected top and bottom to the boiler, but in cases where
the gauge is of the description illustrated in Figures 3, 4 and 5, it amounts
in high pressure boilers to about 4 inches, while the time occupied by the
water in returning to its former level ranges from 30 to 40 minutes. The cause
of this rise is twofold, namely, (
These results will, however, be somewhat modified if the water in the boiler is of higher density than in pipe H, and this will nearly always be the case owing to the condensation of the steam in the glass and upper fittings of the water-gauge, causing the water in the lower part to be fresher than that in the boiler.
Candidates should understand the necessity for periodically blowing through the water-gauge on each boiler (no matter what the form may be) in a systematic and thorough manner, and in cases where a boiler is fitted with two water-gauges, of keeping both in constant use; finally, they should realize the necessity for keeping the water-gauges well-lighted, clean, and in all respects efficient.
EIGHTH SCHEDULE. Reg. 47.
Seal.
Commonwealth of Australia.
CERTIFICATE OF COMPETENCY.
No. of Certificate
as
(
a )..........................................................................................................................
To (
Whereas it has been
reported to me that you have been found duly qualified to fulfil the duties of
(
By Order of the Minister, this day of 19
Director of Navigation.
[
Commonwealth of Australia.
Signature of Owner......................................................................................................................
Year of Birth...............................................................................................................................
Place of Birth...............................................................................................................................
This Certificate is given upon an examination passed at....................................................... on the..............................day of.................................19
Issued at the Port of........................................... on the..........................................................day of….........................................................19................. .
By Authority: L.F. Johnston, Commonwealth Government Printer, Canberra.
0
0
0