National Measurement (Recognized-Value Standard of Measurement of Position) Determination 2017 (Cth)
National Measurement (Recognized-Value Standard of Measurement of Position) Determination 2017
I, Dr R. Bruce Warrington, Chief Metrologist, National Measurement Institute, make the following determination.
Dated 11 October 2017
R. BRUCE WARRINGTON
Dr R. Bruce Warrington
Chief Metrologist
Contents
1 Name........................................................................................................................................ 1
2 Commencement........................................................................................................................ 1
3 Authority.................................................................................................................................. 1
4 Definitions................................................................................................................................ 1
5 Schedules................................................................................................................................. 1
6 Recognized-value standards of measurement in the Australian Fiducial Network.................... 1
7 Calculation of global Cartesian coordination at an epoch t years.............................................. 2
Schedule 1—Recognized-value standards of measurement in the Australian Fiducial Network 3
Schedule 2—Repeals 9
Recognized-value standard of measurement of position 2012 (No. 1) 9
1 Name
This instrument is the National Measurement (Recognized-Value Standard of Measurement of Position) Determination 2017.
2 Commencement
This instrument commences the day after registration.
3 Authority
This instrument is made under section 8A(1) of the National Measurement Act 1960.
4 Definitions
Note: Recognized-value standard of measurement is defined in the Act.
In this instrument:
Act means the National Measurement Act 1960.
Reference Ellipsoid means the Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) ellipsoid with a semi-major axis (a) of 6 378 137 metres exactly and an inverse flattening (1/f) of 298.257 222 101.
Note: The Geodetic Reference System 1980 could in 2017 be viewed on the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG) website (
Reference Epoch means 2020.0.
Reference Frame means the Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 (GDA2020) realised by the coordinates of the Australian Fiducial Network (AFN) geodetic stations, referred to in Schedule 1 of this instrument, in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014) at the Reference Epoch.
Note 1: The Geocentric Datum of Australia 2020 could in 2017 be viewed on the Intergovernmental Committee on Surveying and Mapping’s website ( 2: The International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF2014) could in 2017 be viewed on the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service’s (IERS) website ( Schedules
Each instrument that is specified in a Schedule to this instrument is amended or repealed as set out in the applicable items in the Schedule concerned, and any other item in a Schedule to this instrument has effect according to its terms.
6 Recognized-value standards of measurement in the Australian Fiducial Network
(1)The positions listed in Schedule 1 and in the stated Reference Ellipsoid and Reference Frame are recognized-value standards of measurement of the physical quantity position for geodetic stations in the Australian Fiducial Network (AFN).
(2)Uncertainties listed in Schedule 1 are such that X±u(X) represents a 95% confidence interval, and similarly for the other quantities.
(3)For conversion from global Cartesian coordinates to latitude, longitude and ellipsoidal height the Reference Ellipsoid must be used.
7 Calculation of global Cartesian coordinates at an epoch t years
Global Cartesian coordinates of the AFN can be expressed at an epoch t (years) through the application of the following linear model using the coordinates
(X, Y, Z) and velocities (VX, VY, VZ) listed in Schedule 1:This model is valid for 15 years either side of the Reference Epoch:
Schedule 1—Recognized-value standards of measurement in the Australian Fiducial Network
Note: See sections 6 and 7.
Coordinates (m) at 2020.0 Coordinate Uncertainty (m) Velocity (m / year) Velocity Uncertainty (m / year) Site X Y Z u(X) u(Y) u(Z) VX VY VZ u(VX) u(VY) u(VZ) Ceduna
(SA)-3753473.1960 3912741.0310 -3347959.6998 0.0244 0.0249 0.0229 -0.0421 0.0024 0.0501 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Manton Dam (NT) -4091359.6096 4684606.4258 -1408579.1371 0.0098 0.0105 0.0072 -0.0355 -0.0137 0.0576 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Mt Stromlo (ACT) -4467103.2062 2683039.4818 -3666948.7613 0.0100 0.0080 0.0090 -0.0367 0.0006 0.0452 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Sydney (NSW) -4648240.8666 2560636.4510 -3526317.7982 0.0107 0.0082 0.0093 -0.0352 -0.0015 0.0453 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Tidbinbilla (ACT) -4460996.9609 2682557.0875 -3674442.6411 0.0104 0.0082 0.0093 -0.0368 0.0007 0.0452 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Hobart
(TAS)-3950072.2586 2522415.3710 -4311637.4095 0.0094 0.0079 0.0098 -0.0395 0.0083 0.0411 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Melbourne (VIC) -4130636.7623 2894953.1442 -3890530.2534 0.0098 0.0083 0.0094 -0.0393 0.0042 0.0448 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Parkes
(NSW)-4554255.2088 2816652.4429 -3454059.6981 0.0107 0.0085 0.0093 -0.0363 -0.0015 0.0467 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Hillarys
(WA)-2355572.1203 4886093.2099 -3343993.6599 0.0081 0.0112 0.0091 -0.0478 0.0106 0.0491 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Bundaberg (QLD) -5125977.5335 2688801.2479 -2669890.2146 0.0113 0.0082 0.0082 -0.0311 -0.0105 0.0490 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Kalgoorlie (WA) -2862346.1852 4678388.0851 -3245553.1345 0.0091 0.0120 0.0096 -0.0460 0.0069 0.0505 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Norfolk Island (NSW) -5457454.4185 1166108.4501 -3078178.9928 0.0120 0.0071 0.0088 -0.0245 -0.0095 0.0398 0.0001 0.0002 0.0002 Albany
(WA)-2441715.0069 4629128.6333 -3633362.7930 0.0091 0.0125 0.0105 -0.0479 0.0122 0.0478 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Burnie
(TAS)-3989420.9187 2699532.9340 -4166619.7796 0.0100 0.0083 0.0101 -0.0397 0.0070 0.0426 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Liawenee (TAS) -3973071.4774 2612492.7923 -4238233.8906 0.0099 0.0083 0.0103 -0.0396 0.0076 0.0418 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Burakin
(WA)-2511499.0840 4892172.2095 -3220858.0287 0.0088 0.0124 0.0096 -0.0471 0.0088 0.0501 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Kellerberrin (WA) -2527265.3639 4813192.3590 -3324975.7001 0.0087 0.0124 0.0097 -0.0472 0.0095 0.0496 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Norseman (WA) -2844072.6212 4589300.5857 -3385094.4352 0.0091 0.0117 0.0097 -0.0463 0.0080 0.0498 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Hyden
(WA)-2603131.0876 4717143.4739 -3402748.0718 0.0088 0.0122 0.0098 -0.0471 0.0096 0.0493 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Warakurna (WA) -3583757.5864 4538446.7043 -2683056.6943 0.0090 0.0101 0.0081 -0.0420 -0.0014 0.0537 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Buckleboo (SA) -3863896.2323 3723681.6406 -3436456.0075 0.0105 0.0102 0.0097 -0.0415 0.0024 0.0493 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Beechworth (VIC) -4297030.4444 2827160.2393 -3759485.1907 0.0112 0.0091 0.0102 -0.0381 0.0023 0.0453 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Yeelana
(SA)-3787467.5311 3685160.4447 -3559786.1635 0.0093 0.0091 0.0090 -0.0420 0.0038 0.0486 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Saltia
(SA)-3998750.5658 3608798.4710 -3404651.9508 0.0098 0.0093 0.0090 -0.0407 0.0014 0.0493 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 West Wylong (NSW) -4471091.7769 2868001.2873 -3519326.3705 0.0103 0.0083 0.0091 -0.0370 -0.0005 0.0466 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Bairnsdale (VIC) -4265638.5627 2701208.9154 -3884372.5851 0.0118 0.0094 0.0109 -0.0381 0.0034 0.0442 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Port Kembla (NSW) -4599806.4397 2558778.9950 -3590075.1156 0.0116 0.0087 0.0100 -0.0356 -0.0007 0.0450 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Douglas Daly (NT) -4079102.7002 4661682.9452 -1515238.0262 0.0113 0.0122 0.0079 -0.0360 -0.0128 0.0574 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Toowoomba (QLD) -4994482.4972 2663618.0089 -2931171.1575 0.0121 0.0088 0.0091 -0.0324 -0.0079 0.0481 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Andamooka (SA) -4035145.8277 3741808.3918 -3213842.4359 0.0098 0.0094 0.0088 -0.0403 -0.0002 0.0504 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Gabo Island (VIC) -4379911.9542 2537393.8597 -3867574.2197 0.0112 0.0087 0.0103 -0.0370 0.0026 0.0436 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Coober Pedy (SA) -3927330.9419 3965547.9511 -3077376.8165 0.0093 0.0093 0.0083 -0.0409 -0.0005 0.0514 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Katherine (NT) -4147413.8177 4581462.5900 -1573359.0837 0.0098 0.0103 0.0072 -0.0358 -0.0128 0.0572 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Wagin
(WA)-2455774.3624 4735625.3849 -3485038.1973 0.0083 0.0112 0.0094 -0.0477 0.0110 0.0486 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Ravensthorpe (WA) -2664852.2528 4602498.8360 -3509390.6909 0.0088 0.0116 0.0097 -0.0471 0.0100 0.0488 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Mt Cavanagh (NT) -3929412.1216 4183417.4556 -2773890.6215 0.0096 0.0099 0.0083 -0.0404 -0.0028 0.0530 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Wiluna
(WA)-2871830.1215 4930661.0498 -2841419.6642 0.0083 0.0109 0.0083 -0.0452 0.0039 0.0524 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Tibooburra (NSW) -4383698.9008 3417850.9363 -3117538.7823 0.0110 0.0096 0.0093 -0.0379 -0.0029 0.0501 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Ivanhoe (NSW) -4310476.3634 3190508.6627 -3441393.5542 0.0098 0.0085 0.0088 -0.0384 -0.0001 0.0480 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Broome
(WA)-3234208.1569 5134028.8375 -1958815.1914 0.0088 0.0113 0.0075 -0.0413 -0.0046 0.0560 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Nhill
(VIC)-4035390.1167 3193137.6972 -3755906.1988 0.0100 0.0089 0.0095 -0.0402 0.0038 0.0464 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Warramunga (NT) -4193700.6368 4289270.2773 -2160904.9454 0.0100 0.0102 0.0077 -0.0375 -0.0088 0.0553 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Mt Magnet (WA) -2629526.8926 4978260.9506 -2987965.8480 0.0082 0.0112 0.0086 -0.0463 0.0064 0.0514 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Larrimah
(NT)-4208011.6662 4479077.7734 -1701337.7347 0.0111 0.0114 0.0078 -0.0360 -0.0122 0.0568 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Leonora
(WA)-2905528.2178 4775175.2276 -3062280.3715 0.0085 0.0109 0.0087 -0.0455 0.0053 0.0515 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Tuross Head (NSW) -4477434.2788 2572331.0877 -3731376.5980 0.0101 0.0079 0.0092 -0.0365 0.0010 0.0444 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Bald Rock (VIC) -4188591.0788 3020461.0294 -3731086.9242 0.0097 0.0083 0.0092 -0.0391 0.0027 0.0461 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Horn Island (QLD) -4960946.6284 3834778.7885 -1164513.3408 0.0110 0.0094 0.0069 -0.0291 -0.0205 0.0564 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Mt Emu
(VIC)-4065544.7571 3013958.9753 -3869590.3370 0.0106 0.0090 0.0101 -0.0398 0.0044 0.0453 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Stony Point (VIC) -4111952.8138 2856387.6375 -3938194.1385 0.0097 0.0082 0.0095 -0.0393 0.0046 0.0444 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Alice Springs (NT) -4052052.7360 4212835.9841 -2545104.5883 0.0095 0.0098 0.0079 -0.0393 -0.0052 0.0540 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Roslyn Bay (QLD) -5121089.4297 2863243.2415 -2493143.3274 0.0164 0.0118 0.0100 -0.0311 -0.0118 0.0503 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Larrakeyah (NT) -4072230.1682 4713609.1735 -1366659.3497 0.0113 0.0122 0.0077 -0.0354 -0.0139 0.0577 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Broken Hill (NSW) -4235701.4667 3372839.2104 -3360245.2676 0.0104 0.0092 0.0092 -0.0390 -0.0003 0.0489 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Cape Ferguson (QLD) -5054583.3968 3275504.1131 -2091538.4726 0.0108 0.0086 0.0075 -0.0312 -0.0143 0.0529 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Wallal
(WA)-3060306.4338 5165740.4734 -2144656.6187 0.0086 0.0113 0.0077 -0.0425 -0.0023 0.0552 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Spring Bay (TAS) -3988046.7045 2498705.5367 -4290516.8742 0.0113 0.0090 0.0113 -0.0392 0.0079 0.0411 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Eucla
(WA)-3410392.1827 4229088.8868 -3330284.3849 0.0093 0.0103 0.0091 -0.0439 0.0043 0.0504 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Coonabarabran (NSW) -4687675.6162 2786705.8985 -3297865.3737 0.0110 0.0085 0.0092 -0.0352 -0.0034 0.0472 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Arubiddy (WA) -3183133.6965 4393393.4410 -3342516.9213 0.0086 0.0100 0.0088 -0.0449 0.0057 0.0503 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Baladonia (WA) -3002034.1354 4472882.6994 -3403723.4851 0.0087 0.0106 0.0091 -0.0457 0.0072 0.0498 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Mainoru
(NT)-4306320.1817 4444883.0498 -1537980.0653 0.0115 0.0116 0.0078 -0.0348 -0.0140 0.0571 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Bingleburra (NSW) -4743762.8083 2559346.3040 -3399327.9127 0.0115 0.0085 0.0096 -0.0345 -0.0030 0.0459 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Portland
(VIC)-3926098.9113 3110284.5779 -3935497.1170 0.0110 0.0096 0.0108 -0.0408 0.0057 0.0452 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Rocklands (NT) -4445289.3356 4025824.8715 -2164421.6420 0.0108 0.0103 0.0079 -0.0360 -0.0102 0.0549 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Thevanard (SA) -3735034.6262 3908923.6990 -3372521.9630 0.0100 0.0102 0.0094 -0.0422 0.0027 0.0499 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Exmouth (WA) -2417814.5397 5401707.5260 -2370380.3097 0.0080 0.0117 0.0079 -0.0452 0.0031 0.0533 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Fitzroy Crossing (WA) -3547066.8913 4918047.3803 -1971686.4311 0.0095 0.0115 0.0077 -0.0401 -0.0064 0.0562 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Gnangara (WA) -2368688.0424 4881316.7075 -3341794.9823 0.0081 0.0114 0.0092 -0.0477 0.0105 0.0492 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Flinders Island (TAS) -4147112.4604 2567153.7563 -4096196.5874 0.0109 0.0087 0.0106 -0.0385 0.0056 0.0425 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 New Norcia (WA) -2414152.3781 4907778.6372 -3270644.2049 0.0088 0.0125 0.0096 -0.0475 0.0097 0.0496 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Tom Price (WA) -2706524.4877 5221344.9511 -2461226.3825 0.0087 0.0124 0.0084 -0.0447 0.0021 0.0536 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 North Star (NSW) -4854589.1186 2752849.4480 -3078537.4439 0.0117 0.0088 0.0091 -0.0338 -0.0060 0.0479 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Cooladdi (QLD) -4707740.5468 3213770.3725 -2852875.4128 0.0122 0.0098 0.0091 -0.0352 -0.0068 0.0504 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Birdsville (QLD) -4355739.6469 3740194.4994 -2769171.5091 0.0113 0.0105 0.0090 -0.0378 -0.0053 0.0523 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Boulia
(QLD)-4496431.9209 3785936.3941 -2467980.3960 0.0111 0.0101 0.0083 -0.0363 -0.0083 0.0534 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Hughenden (QLD) -4833918.6817 3485758.7318 -2266147.6174 0.0125 0.0101 0.0084 -0.0334 -0.0118 0.0531 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Julia Creek (QLD) -4687826.4385 3697044.2812 -2237232.1656 0.0118 0.0103 0.0083 -0.0345 -0.0111 0.0539 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Neutral Junction (NT) -4123557.7648 4274539.2155 -2318810.9705 0.0122 0.0124 0.0089 -0.0383 -0.0072 0.0548 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Lambina
(SA)-3957272.6859 4088878.0706 -2872293.9157 0.0097 0.0098 0.0084 -0.0404 -0.0022 0.0525 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Mt Doreen (NT) -3916571.9695 4428011.7783 -2388294.0779 0.0119 0.0126 0.0089 -0.0396 -0.0055 0.0548 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Jervois
(NT)-4237233.1317 4077484.9793 -2462642.0014 0.0117 0.0116 0.0087 -0.0380 -0.0068 0.0540 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Coen
(QLD)-4956013.1005 3710714.3539 -1528615.7435 0.0150 0.0117 0.0081 -0.0305 -0.0179 0.0555 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Laura
(QLD)-5000453.3825 3572456.4740 -1701780.3240 0.0132 0.0107 0.0079 -0.0307 -0.0169 0.0547 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Northcliffe (WA) -2311144.1346 4712785.4091 -3611358.5979 0.0084 0.0119 0.0100 -0.0483 0.0128 0.0476 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Kilkivan (QLD) -5073245.0941 2668929.5700 -2787555.0317 0.0127 0.0091 0.0090 -0.0316 -0.0094 0.0486 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Meadow
(WA)-2373305.7835 5181466.1948 -2854287.0682 0.0084 0.0126 0.0089 -0.0467 0.0069 0.0514 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Yarragadee (WA) -2389026.6159 5043317.0600 -3078529.5586 0.0080 0.0114 0.0087 -0.0472 0.0085 0.0505 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 North Bourke (NSW) -4587935.3985 3116314.3026 -3139419.8358 0.0113 0.0092 0.0093 -0.0363 -0.0040 0.0490 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Harding River Dam (WA) -2713833.2684 5303935.1133 -2269513.7542 0.0081 0.0113 0.0077 -0.0441 0.0007 0.0542 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Port Headland (WA) -2867484.8313 5242158.9057 -2223764.3419 0.0085 0.0118 0.0079 -0.0434 -0.0006 0.0547 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Murchison (WA) -2556630.0412 5097138.2863 -2848384.7843 0.0083 0.0117 0.0085 -0.0462 0.0058 0.0518 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Gascoyne (WA) -2482748.2739 5243145.5489 -2642213.9892 0.0093 0.0143 0.0094 -0.0458 0.0047 0.0525 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Normanton (QLD) -4728960.2818 3819993.0037 -1923811.0896 0.0140 0.0122 0.0085 -0.0334 -0.0137 0.0550 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 King Island (TAS) -3953946.8747 2888865.8595 -4073040.9386 0.0096 0.0083 0.0097 -0.0403 0.0066 0.0437 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Hernani (NSW) -4887853.3609 2545879.9420 -3202305.1047 0.0124 0.0088 0.0097 -0.0333 -0.0053 0.0466 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Christmas Island (WA) -1696344.7537 6039590.0096 -1149275.0866 0.0075 0.0132 0.0072 -0.0419 -0.0015 0.0538 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Lord Howe Island (NSW) -5082756.5673 1944860.6793 -3315203.5926 0.0116 0.0076 0.0092 -0.0304 -0.0056 0.0433 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Eidsvold (QLD) -5049378.8605 2785132.1517 -2716869.1227 0.0147 0.0102 0.0100 -0.0319 -0.0097 0.0493 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Nebo
(QLD)-5068236.7291 3081711.6353 -2337561.3869 0.0163 0.0122 0.0101 -0.0314 -0.0126 0.0515 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Aramac (QLD) -4827919.3114 3349814.0161 -2472422.8950 0.0114 0.0093 0.0082 -0.0338 -0.0102 0.0521 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Tambo
(QLD)-4820440.5593 3216767.7633 -2656380.4455 0.0154 0.0116 0.0104 -0.0341 -0.0088 0.0511 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Mulgathing (SA) -3833528.0707 3961621.4057 -3197513.8708 0.0102 0.0103 0.0092 -0.0415 0.0009 0.0509 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Kidman Springs (NT) -4017486.2068 4628837.9322 -1759281.7840 0.0171 0.0183 0.0106 -0.0372 -0.0107 0.0568 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Renner Springs (NT) -4192073.9978 4368928.5517 -1999279.4623 0.0109 0.0112 0.0080 -0.0370 -0.0100 0.0559 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Esperance (WA) -2800842.3479 4500734.2962 -3534898.1927 0.0171 0.0260 0.0185 -0.0466 0.0094 0.0489 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002 Jabiru
(NT)-4236472.9665 4559859.3702 -1388764.0422 0.0170 0.0175 0.0095 -0.0347 -0.0147 0.0576 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Yellowdine (WA) -2698549.7646 4741476.9407 -3293657.2537 0.0147 0.0232 0.0163 -0.0466 0.0082 0.0501 0.0002 0.0001 0.0002 Walhallow (NT) -4344184.0427 4247715.9745 -1934909.3899 0.0182 0.0186 0.0110 -0.0360 -0.0113 0.0559 0.0002 0.0002 0.0002
Schedule 2—Repeals
Recognized-value standard of measurement of position 2012 (No. 1)
1 The whole of the determination
Repeal the determination.
0
0
0