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Monfries v The Queen

Monfries v The Queen

Case [2014] ACTCA 46 16 October 2014

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SUPREME COURT OF THE AUSTRALIAN CAPITAL TERRITORY

COURT OF APPEAL

Case Title:	Monfries v The Queen
Citation:	[2014] ACTCA 46
Hearing Date:	8 May 2014
DecisionDate:	16 October 2014
Before:	Murrell CJ, Burns and Ross JJ
Decision:	Appeal dismissed.
Category:	Principal Judgment
Catchwords:	APPEAL – Criminal Law – Appeal against sentence – whether sentences manifestly excessive – taking vehicle without consent – culpable driving causing death – nature of appellate court’s discretion to resentence – considerations of guilty pleas, mental health, current sentencing practice
Legislation Cited:	Crimes Act 1900 (ACT) s 29 Crimes (Penalties) Amendment Bill 2001 (ACT) Crimes (Sentencing) Act 2005 (ACT) ss 33, 35, 35A, 57, 61 Criminal Code2002 (ACT) s 318(1) Human Rights Act2004 (ACT) s 22(1) Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act1999 (NSW) s 22 Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic)
Cases Cited:	AJB v The Queen (2007) 169 A Crim R 32 Attorney-General’s Application under s 37 of the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (No 1 of 2002) (2002) 56 NSWLR 146 Auld v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 21 Balthazar v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 26 Barbaro v The Queen (2014) 88 ALJR 372 Bombardieri v The Queen (2010) 203 A Crim R 89 Bugmy v The Queen (2013) 249 CLR 571 Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) 244 CLR 638 Burrows v The Queen (2007) 181 A Crim R 333 Cameron v The Queen (2002) 209 CLR 339 Dinsdale v The Queen (2000) 202 CLR 321 Dionys v R (2011) 217 A Crim R 280 Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v De La Rosa (2010) 79 NSWLR 1 Director of Public Prosecutions v Johnstone (2006) 168 A Crim R 223 Fusimalohi v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 49 Hili v The Queen (2010) 242 CLR 520 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499 Hudson v The Queen (2010) 205 A Crim R 199 Islam v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 10 Lowe v R (1984) 154 CLR 606 Lowndes v The Queen (1999) 195 CLR 665 Markarian v The Queen (2005) 228 CLR 357 Milat v The Queen [2014] NSWCCA 29 MJL v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 261 Muldrock v The Queen (2011) 244 CLR 120 Munda v Western Australia (2013) 249 CLR 600 R v AB (2011) 59 MVR 356 R v Ahmed [2006] VSCA 200 R v Barton (2001) 121 A Crim 185 R v Black (unreported New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal 23 July 1998 R v Borkowski (2009) 195 A Crim R 1 R v Campbell [2010] ACTCA 20 R v Cousins [2002] NSWCCA 81 R v Creighton [2011] ACTCA 13 R v De Simoni (1981) 147 CLR 383 R v Dib [2003] NSWCCA 117 R v Ellis (1993) 63 A Crim R 449 R v Engert (1995) 84 A Crim R 67 R v Flowers [2014] ACTCA 13 R v Franklin [2009] VSCA 77 R v Grenon [2013] ACTSC 292 R v Henry (1999) 46 NSWLR 346 R vHoward (Unreported, Supreme Court of the Australian Capital…

Grounds of appeal

[14] The appellant contends that the primary judge erred in finding that the respondent had discharged the onus of establishing the matters required under the relevant provision.

[15] It was submitted that his Honour failed to give adequate weight to the evidence of the second witness, and that the findings of fact were not reasonably open on the material before the Court.

[16] The respondent, for its part, submits that no error is disclosed, and that the conclusions reached were well within the range of outcomes available to the primary judge.

Consideration

[17] It is convenient to deal first with the question of construction, as the resolution of that issue informs the remaining grounds advanced by the appellant.

[18] For the reasons that follow, we are of the view that the appeal should be allowed in part and the matter remitted for further determination.

Continue reading Monfries v The Queen

Details

AGLC: Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46
Case: [2014] ACTCA 46
Decision Date: 16 October 2014

CaseChat Overview and Summary

Monfries appealed against sentences imposed by the District Court for taking a vehicle without consent and culpable driving causing death. The appeal concerned whether the sentences were manifestly excessive, and the nature of the appellate court's discretion to resentence.

The central legal issues before the Court of Appeal were whether the sentences imposed were demonstrably too severe, and what principles should guide the Court in exercising its discretion to resentence. This involved considering the impact of the appellant's guilty pleas, his mental health, and prevailing sentencing practices for similar offences.

The Court of Appeal affirmed that an appellate court should only interfere with a sentence if it is manifestly excessive or unjust. It considered the gravity of the offences, the appellant's culpability, the mitigating factors of his guilty plea and mental health issues, and the need for sentences to reflect current sentencing trends. After weighing these factors, the Court concluded that the original sentences were not manifestly excessive.

The appeal was dismissed.

Orders

Orders of the court

Appeal dismissed.

Background

Background to the litigation

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Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

Full text does not contain this section.

Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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Citations

Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46

Most Recent Citation

R v Scheeren [2014] ACTSC 272

Cases Citing This Decision

132

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Citation 1

…PP v Brymer [2025] ACTSC 430 DPP v Jewell [2023] ACTSC 348 DPP v Rohrlach (No 2) [2025] ACTSC 192 DPP v Stewart [2023] ACTSC 252 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 R v Beniamini (No 2) [2017] ACTSC 32 R v Bennett [2017] ACTSC 104 R v Campbell [2010] ACTCA…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Beroukas (No 3) [2025] ACTSC 475
Citation 2 (Para 1)

…25% because: (a)The offender has pleaded guilty. (b)The timing of the pleas had significant utilitarian value (as to which, see Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 at [47]), being entered prior to the preparation of a brief of evidence. (c)The offences are not of such a gravity where a percentage-ba…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Rose [2025] ACTSC 469
Citation 3 (Para 1)

…d by 12% each because: (a)The offender pleaded guilty. (b)The timing of the pleas had modest utilitarian value (as to which, see Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 at [47]), in that he indicated an intention to do so prior to the hearing, with sufficient time to spare relevant witnesses from prepari…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Whitney [2025] ACTSC 457
Citation 4

…e Queen [2017] ACTCA 16 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 KQE v DPP [2024] ACTCA 7 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 R v Crowther [2019] ACTSC 338 R v Toumo’ua [2017] ACTCA 9; 12 ACTLR 103…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Wickes [2025] ACTSC 443
Citation 5

…Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 R v Alaragi [2020] ACTSC 77 R v Bonfield [20…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Fisher [2025] ACTSC 442
Citation 6

…Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 R v Fisher (No 2) [2011] ACTSC 100 R v Fishe…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Whittaker [2025] ACTSC 441
Citation 7

…[2019] ACTCA 9 DPP v Brymer [2025] ACTSC 430 DPP v Rohrlach (No 2) [2025] ACTSC 192 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 R v Bower (No 2) [2022] ACTSC 388 R v McColl [2022] ACTSC 386 R v Nicholas; R v Palmer [2019…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Kinder [2025] ACTSC 431
Citation 8

…Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 R v BC [2019] ACTSC 233 R v Bessant [2020] A…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Tamayo-Del-Solar (No 2) [2025] ACTSC 372
Citation 9

…Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 R v Anderson (No 2) [2020] ACTSC 98 R v Cash…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Crompton [2025] ACTSC 352
Citation 10

…Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 NC v The Queen [2017] ACTCA 31 R v Beary [20…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Tate [2025] ACTSC 327
Citation 11

…Higgins v The Queen [2022] ACTCA 26 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 R v Beniamini (No 2) [2017] ACTSC 32 R v Ben…
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Citation 12

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Citation 13

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Citation 14

…[2018] NSWCCA 259 Kelly v Ashby [2015] ACTSC 346; 73 MVR 360 KR v The Queen [2012] NSWCCA 32 Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 26 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 R v Beroukas [2021] ACTSC 172 R v Blackburn;…
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Citation 15

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Director of Public Prosecutions v Baker (a pseudonym) [2025] ACTSC 196
Citation 16

…DPP v Calhoun [2023] ACTSC 189 DPP v Morley [2024] ACTSC 124 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 R v Campbell [2010] ACTCA 20 R v Creighton [2011] ACTCA 13 R v Kekalainen [2014] ACTSC 132 R v Loeschnauer [2022] ACTSC 30; 98 MVR 484 R v Whyte [2002] NSWCCA 343; 55 NSWLR 252…
Director of Public Prosecutions v McKay [2025] ACTSC 42
Citation 17

…3) [2023] ACTSC 306 DPP v Williams [2024] ACTSC 283 Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45; 242 CLR 520 Jurj v The Queen [2016] VSCA 57 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Ngata v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 18…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Death [2025] ACTSC 38
Citation 18

…[1999] HCA 55; 199 CLR 295 Kelly v Ashby [2015] ACTSC 346 Lowe v The Queen (1984) 154 CLR 606 Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Porter v The Queen [2008] NSWCCA 145 Power v…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Kayvanshokoohi [2024] ACTSC 386
Citation 19

…Ly v The Queen [2014] FCAFC 175; 227 FCR 304 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 McLeod v The Queen [2018] ACTCA 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 O’Brien v The Queen [2015] ACTCA 47; 19 ACTL…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Cook [2024] ACTSC 379
Citation 20

…SWCCA 53 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 McLeod v The Queen [2018] ACTCA 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Robertson v DPP [2024] ACTCA 26 R v Bredal […
Director of Public Prosecutions v Hagen [2024] ACTSC 360
Citation 21

…Achanfuo-Yeboah v The Queen [2017] ACTCA 19 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Munda v Western Australia [2013] HCA 38; 249 CLR 600 Ngata v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 18 P…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Bonazza [2024] ACTSC 349
Citation 22

…Queen [2007] ACTCA 10; 1 ACTLR 158 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25 ; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen [1988] HCA 70; 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 O'Brien v The Queen [2015] ACTCA 47; 19 ACTLR 244 Pearce v The Queen [1998] HCA 57; 194…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Collier [2024] ACTSC 340
Citation 23

…] HCA 4; 243 CLR 506 KR v R [2012] NSWCCA 32 Markarian v R [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen [1988] HCA 70; 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 NC v The Queen [2017] ACTCA 31 R v Beroukas [2021] ACTSC 172 R v Blanco [1999] NSWCCA 12…
Robertson v Director of Public Prosecutions [2024] ACTCA 26
Citation 24

…71․ As discussed in cases such as Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 ( Monfries ) at [47] and Toumo’ua at [49], utilitarian value of a guilty plea is a primary consideration, as seen through the express words of the Sentencing Act: (a) section 35(2)(b) requires the Court to take into account when th…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Gilbey; Director of Public Prosecutions v Goodwin [2024] ACTSC 265
Citation 25

…rian v R [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen [1988] HCA 70; 166 CLR 59 Millard v The Queen [2016] ACTCA 14; 19 ACTLR 270 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 Muldrock v the Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Pearce v The Queen [1998] HCA 57; 194 CLR 610 R v Apps (No 2) [2019] ACTSC 369 R v Baxen…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Tony Bravo (a pseudonym) [2024] ACTSC 221
Citation 26

…Achanfuo-Yeboah v The Queen [2017] ACTCA 19 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 O’Brien v The Queen [2015] ACTCA 47; 19 ACTLR 244 Pearce v The Queen [1998] HCA 57; 194…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Matas [2024] ACTSC 234
Citation 27

…oliti v Callaghan [2022] ACTSC 259 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen [1988] HCA 70; 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 Morrison v Maher [2021] ACTSC 312 Morrison v Maher (No 2) [2022] ACTSC 63 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Munda v Western…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Singh [2024] ACTSC 202
Citation 28

…0] ACTCA 35 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mitchell v R [2006] NSWCCA 72 Mitchell v The Queen [2006] NSWCCA 72 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 O’Brien v The Queen [2015] ACTCA 47; 19 ACTLR 244 Pearce v The Queen [1998] HCA 57; 194…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Nurzynski [2024] ACTSC 176
Citation 29 (Para 47)

…hese reasons, such as the seriousness of the offence and the effect of the offence on the victim. 43․As discussed in cases such as Monfries v R [2014] ACTCA 46 at [47] and R v Toumo’ua [2017] ACTCA 9; 12 ACTLR 103 at [49], utilitarian value is a primary consideration, as seen through: (a)section 35(2)(b) of the Se…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Houghton [2024] ACTSC 68
Citation 30

…ACTCA 35 Lloyd v The Queen [2022] NSWCCA 18 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 McLeod v The Queen [2018] ACTCA 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 R v Bugmy [2013] HCA 37; 249 CLR 571 R v Car…
Calatzis v Jones [2024] ACTSC 42
Citation 31 (Para 3)

…A series of authorities in the Court of Appeal have addressed how s 35 is to operate. In Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46, Murrell CJ (with whom Burns and Ross JJ agreed) made reference to percentage discounts that would usually be applied at particular stages of proceedings in the Supreme Court. There was the…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Gordon [2024] ACTSC 23
Citation 32

…45; 242 CLR 520 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Lloyd v The Queen [2022] NSWCCA 18 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v R [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 R v Apps (No 2) [2019] ACTSC 369 R v Batchel…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Manns (No 2) [2023] ACTSC 405
Citation 33

…[2022] NSWCCA 18 Luque v R [2017] NSWCCA 226 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46 Morrison v Maher [2021] ACTSC 312 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 O’Brien v The Queen [2015] ACTCA 47; 19 ACTLR 244 Pearce v The Quee…
R v Dunnicliff [2023] ACTSC 350
Citation 34

…karian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mertell v The King [2022] ACTCA 69 Minehan v R [2010] NSWCCA 140; 201 A Crim R 243 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Pearce v The Queen [1998] HCA 57; 194 CLR 610 Peters v The Queen [2018] NSWCCA 126 Phibb…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Torbert [2023] ACTSC 332
Citation 35

…Auld v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 21 Blundell v The Queen [2019] ACTCA 34 Bugmy v The Queen (2013) 249 CLR 571 Manfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46 R v Torbert [2015] ACTSC 331 R v White [2022] ACTSC 178…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Padreny [2024] ACTCA 4
Citation 36

…Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen [1988] HCA 70; 166 CLR 59 Miller v The Queen [2018] ACTCA 21; 273 A Crim R 27 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 19 ACTLR 99 MT v The Queen [2021] ACTCA 26; 17 ACTLR 22 Naqvi v The Queen [2017] ACTCA 52 Nyugen v The Queen [2016] HCA 17; 256 CLR 656 O’Brien v Th…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Small (No 2) [2023] ACTSC 274
Citation 37

…CTSC 166 Laipato v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 35 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 McLeod v The Queen [2018] ACTCA 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Ngata v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 18 R v Brown (No 3) [2022] ACTSC 180 R v EN [2019] ACTSC 354 R v Guode…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Barrett [2023] ACTSC 260
Citation 38

…45; 242 CLR 520 Lowe v The Queen (1984) 154 CLR 606 Lutz v JK [2016] ACTSC 200 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80 Morabito v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 126 Mun v The Queen [2015] NSWCCA 234 Pearce v The Queen [2022] NSWCCA 68; 99 MVR 175 Preston v T…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Paff [2023] ACTSC 259
Citation 39

…1] HCA 4; 243 CLR 506 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 McCullough v The Queen [2009] NSWCCA 94; 194 A Crim R 439 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Mun v The Queen [2015] NSWCCA 234 R v AEM [2002] NSWCCA 58 R v Bandy [2018] ACTSC 26…
DPP v Stewart [2023] ACTSC 252
Citation 40

…The Queen [2022] NSWCCA 18 Mahanay v Phelan [2023] ACTSC 162 Markarian v R [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 McLeod v The Queen [2018] ACTCA 59 Monfries v R [2014] ACTCA 46 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Neal v The Queen (1982) 149 CLR 305 Ngata v The Queen [2020] ACTCA 18 O’Brien v The Queen [2015] ACTC…
R v Dowden-Carlisle [2023] ACTSC 169
Citation 41 (Para 1)

…y or indirectly sentencing standards. In this context, reliance is placed upon the decision of then Chief Justice Murrell in Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80, particularly at [91], where it was noted, in the context of considering ‘interstate’ sentences, that sentencing outcomes in the ACT may…
DPP v Rohrlach [2023] ACTSC 166
Citation 42 (Para 47)

…ion. This Court has, however, generally applied predictable discounts in different circumstances. This was said by Murrell CJ in Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80 at [47]: The bare fact of a plea of guilty entered in the Supreme Court will usually attract a s 35 discount of 10–15%. A common sen…
DPP v XK [2023] ACTSC 141
Citation 43 (Para 1)

…on this Court, the list has been accepted as relevant to the offence of culpable driving causing death in this jurisdiction: see Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80 at [89] per Murrell CJ, at [126]-[129] per Burns J, and at [196]-[199] per Ross J. The exception is that I have omitted from the lis…
Police v Ammoun [2023] ACTMC 9
Citation 44

…25 Haidar v R [2007] NSWCCA 95 Hector v R [2003] NSWCCA 196 Magro v R [2020] NSWCCA 25 Markarian v R [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Murray v IA [2020] ACTSC 288 O’Brien v R [2015] ACTCA 47 R v Carpenter [2022] ACTSC…
Millard v Pomeroy [2022] ACTSC 319
Citation 45

…18. There is no dispute that the principles enunciated in Verdins are applicable to sentencing proceedings in the ACT (see Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 68 MVR 385; R v So [2014] ACTSC 316) . Verdins recognised that a person suffering a mental impairment is entitled to have that taken into account as a rel…
R v Gordon [2022] ACTCA 48
Citation 46 (Para 1)

…e said of the decision in Cranfield : see in particular the reasoning in that case at [39]. However, the concern of the court in Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80 at [47], [124], Toumo’ua at [80], Blundell and Cranfield, appears to have been to ensure that accused persons have significant and p…
R v Porter (No 3) [2022] ACTSC 236
Citation 47

…SWCCA 12 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59 Millard v The Queen [2016] ACTCA 14 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80 Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39; 244 CLR 120 Mun v R [2015] NSWCCA 234 Murray v IA [2020] ACTSC 288 Ngata v The Queen [2020] ACTC…
Cooke (a pseudonym) v The Queen [2022] ACTCA 44
Citation 48 (Para 1)

…In Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 68 MVR 385, Murrell CJ (Burns and Ross JJ agreeing on this point) observed at [44] that, “the ACT courts have adopted an approach to s 35 discounts that is very similar to the NSW Thomson approach to discounts for utilitarian value”.…
R v Smith (No 2) [2022] ACTSC 246
Citation 49

…154 CLR 606 Marinellis v R [2006] NSWCCA 307 Markarian v The Queen [2005] HCA 25; 228 CLR 357 Mill v The Queen (1988) 166 CLR 59 Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80…
R v Banks [2022] ACTSC 202
Citation 50 (Para 1)

…Noting the usual range of discounts applied by this Court outlined by Murrell CJ in Monfries v The Queen [2014] ACTCA 46; 245 A Crim R 80 at [47], I consider that the appropriate discount on the sentences I would have otherwise imposed is slightly less than 15 per cent.…

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…5 NSWLR 209 R v Martin [2013] ACTSC 280 R v MJR (2002) 54 NSWLR 368 R v Ryan (2003) 141 A Crim R 403 R v Scholes (1998) 102 A Crim R 510 R v Sharma (2002) 54 NSWLR 300 R v Swingler [2001] VSCA 26 R v Taylor Schmidt [2013] ACTSC 295 R v Thomson (2000) 49 NSWLR 383 R v Thorn [2010] ACTCA 10 R v Tracey-Campbell [2010] AC…
Director of Public Prosecutions v Johnstone [2017] VSC 116
Citation 2

…339 Dinsdale v The Queen (2000) 202 CLR 321 Dionys v R (2011) 217 A Crim R 280 Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v De La Rosa (2010) 79 NSWLR 1 Director of Public Prosecutions v Johnstone (2006) 168 A Crim R 223 Fusimalohi v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 49 Hili v The Queen (2010) 242 CLR 520 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499 Hudson v The Queen (2010…
Woodward v R [2014] NSWCCA 205
Citation 3 (Para 1)

…t “the applicant was entrusted with the safety of two young persons in his car” at [77]. The case can be contrasted with Woodward v R [2014] NSWCCA 205, in which the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal found that a sentence with an assumed starting point of eight years’ imprisonment for an offence of dangerous driving caus…
Reid (a Pseudonym) v The Queen [2014] VSCA 145
Citation 4

…v Whyte (2002) 134 A Crim R 53 R v Wright (2013) 229 A Crim R 245 R v Wruck [2014] QCA 39 R v Yaldiz [1998] 2 VR 376 Reid (a pseudonym) v The Queen [2014] VSCA 145 Stalio v The Queen (2012) 223 A Crim R 261 Veen v The Queen (No 2) (1988) 164 CLR 465 Williams v R [2012] NSWCCA 286 Wong v The Queen (2001) 207 CLR 58…
R v Flowers [2014] ACTCA 13
Citation 5 (Para 1)

…Verdins has been followed in many ACT decisions. For example, Verdins was considered recently in R v Flowers [2014] ACTCA 13 at [5] per Refshauge J.…
Milat v R; Klein v R [2014] NSWCCA 29
Citation 6 (Para 1)

…ses where the sheer enormity of the criminal conduct demonstrates a need to protect the public against gravely dangerous offenders: Milat v The Queen [2014] NSWCCA 29.…
R v Wruck [2014] QCA 39
Citation 7 (Para 1)

…to an offender. See also R v MJR (2002) 54 NSWLR 368; AJB v The Queen (2007) 169 A Crim R 32; MJL v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 261; and R v Wruck [2014] QCA 39.…
Barbaro v The Queen [2014] HCA 2
Citation 8 (Para 1)

…See also Barbaro v The Queen (2014) 88 ALJR 372 at [41]; Munda v Western Australia (2013) 249 CLR 600; and Islam v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 10 (Refshauge, Burns and Marshall JJ).…
R v Schmidt [2013] ACTSC 295
Citation 9 (Para 1)

…CTCA 21 at [2] per Burns and Gilmour JJ and Nield AJ; James Nelson Fusimalohi v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 49 at [11] per Refshauge J; R v Taylor Schmidt [2013] ACTSC 295 at [14] per Refshauge J; R v Martin [2013] ACTSC 280 at [53] per Refshauge J; and R v Grenon [2013] ACTSC 292 at [37] per Refshauge J.…
R v Martin [2013] ACTSC 280
Citation 10 (Para 1)

…James Nelson Fusimalohi v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 49 at [11] per Refshauge J; R v Taylor Schmidt [2013] ACTSC 295 at [14] per Refshauge J; R v Martin [2013] ACTSC 280 at [53] per Refshauge J; and R v Grenon [2013] ACTSC 292 at [37] per Refshauge J.…
Coggan v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 49
Citation 11 (Para 1)

…en held that the utilitarian value of a guilty plea may be recognised in the face of a strong prosecution case. As this Court explained in Coggan v R [2013] ACTCA 49 at [20]:…
The Queen v Olivia Grenon [2013] ACTSC 292
Citation 12 (Para 1)

…11] per Refshauge J; R v Taylor Schmidt [2013] ACTSC 295 at [14] per Refshauge J; R v Martin [2013] ACTSC 280 at [53] per Refshauge J; and R v Grenon [2013] ACTSC 292 at [37] per Refshauge J.…
Munda v Western Australia [2013] HCA 38
Citation 13 (Para 1)

…See also Barbaro v The Queen (2014) 88 ALJR 372 at [41]; Munda v Western Australia (2013) 249 CLR 600; and Islam v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 10 (Refshauge, Burns and Marshall JJ).…
Bugmy v The Queen [2013] HCA 37
Citation 14 (Para 1)

…; Lacey v Attorney General (Qld) (2011) 242 CLR 572 at 581 [15]-[16] per French CJ, Gummow, Hayne, Crennan, Kiefel and Bell JJ; Bugmy v The Queen (2013) 249 CLR 571 at [24] per French CJ, Hayne, Crennan, Kiefel, Bell and Keane JJ). I am not satisfied that is the case in the present matter.…
Auld v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 21
Citation 15 (Para 1)

…See also Auld v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 21 at [2] per Burns and Gilmour JJ and Nield AJ; James Nelson Fusimalohi v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 49 at [11] per Refshauge J; R v Taylor Schmidt [2013] ACTSC 295 at [14] per Refshauge J; R v Martin [2013] ACTSC 280 at [53] per Refshauge J; and R v Grenon [2013] ACTSC 292 at […
R v Wright [2013] NSWCCA 82
Citation 16 (Para 1)

…ison between the present matter and the circumstances in two relatively recent NSW cases ( Bombardieri v The Queen (2010) 203 A Crim R 89; R v Wright [2013] NSWCCA 82) serves to illustrate the complexity of the sentencing task in cases such as this. The purpose of such a comparison is illustrative only, the questio…
Islam v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 10
Citation 17 (Para 1)

…See also Barbaro v The Queen (2014) 88 ALJR 372 at [41]; Munda v Western Australia (2013) 249 CLR 600; and Islam v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 10 (Refshauge, Burns and Marshall JJ).…
Williams v R [2012] NSWCCA 286
Citation 18

…6 Reid (a pseudonym) v The Queen [2014] VSCA 145 Stalio v The Queen (2012) 223 A Crim R 261 Veen v The Queen (No 2) (1988) 164 CLR 465 Williams v R [2012] NSWCCA 286 Wong v The Queen (2001) 207 CLR 584 WW v R [2012] NSWCCA 165…
Fusimalohi v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 49
Citation 19 (Para 1)

…See also Auld v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 21 at [2] per Burns and Gilmour JJ and Nield AJ; James Nelson Fusimalohi v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 49 at [11] per Refshauge J; R v Taylor Schmidt [2013] ACTSC 295 at [14] per Refshauge J; R v Martin [2013] ACTSC 280 at [53] per Refshauge J; and R v Grenon [2013] ACTSC 292 at […
WW v R [2012] NSWCCA 165
Citation 20

…Queen (2012) 223 A Crim R 261 Veen v The Queen (No 2) (1988) 164 CLR 465 Williams v R [2012] NSWCCA 286 Wong v The Queen (2001) 207 CLR 584 WW v R [2012] NSWCCA 165…
Stalio v The Queen [2012] VSCA 120
Citation 21 (Para 1)

…(b) of the Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic) provides that, in sentencing an offender, a court “must have regard to … current sentencing practices”. In Stalio v The Queen (2012) 223 A Crim R 261, Neave and Osborn JJA and King AJA decided that s 5(2)(b) means that a sentencing judge must have regard to sentencing practices at the ti…
Balthazaar v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 26
Citation 22 (Para 1)

…l court would have imposed a more lenient sentence: R v Ellis (1993) 68 A Crim R 449 at 461 per Hunt CJ at CL, Balthazaar v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 26 at [61].…
Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) [2012] HCA 1
Citation 23

…(2014) 88 ALJR 372 Bombardieri v The Queen (2010) 203 A Crim R 89 Bugmy v The Queen (2013) 249 CLR 571 Bui v Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) 244 CLR 638 Burrows v The Queen (2007) 181 A Crim R 333 Cameron v The Queen (2002) 209 CLR 339 Dinsdale v The Queen (2000) 202 CLR 321 Dionys v R (2011) 217 A Crim…
Dionys v R [2011] NSWCCA 272
Citation 24 (Para 1)

…After referring to that guideline judgment, in Dionys v The Queen (2011) 217 A Crim R 280, Hoeben J (with whom McClellan CJ at CL and Adams J agreed) said at [65]-[66]:…
Muldrock v The Queen [2011] HCA 39
Citation 25 (Para 1)

…fender’s moral culpability, and may also mean that sentencing purposes such as general deterrence, retribution and denunciation have less weight: Muldrock v The Queen (2011) 244 CLR 120 ( Muldrock ). In Muldrock at [54] , the High Court said:…
R v Creighton [2011] ACTCA 13
Citation 26

…s Court of Criminal Appeal 23 July 1998 R v Borkowski (2009) 195 A Crim R 1 R v Campbell [2010] ACTCA 20 R v Cousins [2002] NSWCCA 81 R v Creighton [2011] ACTCA 13 R v De Simoni (1981) 147 CLR 383 R v Dib [2003] NSWCCA 117 R v Ellis (1993) 63 A Crim R 449 R v Engert (1995) 84 A Crim R 67 R v Flowers [2014] ACTCA 1…
Lacey v Attorney-General (Qld) [2011] HCA 10
Citation 27 (Para 1)

…fence ( Everett v The Queen (1994) 181 CLR 295 at 300 per Brennan, Deane, Dawson and Gaudron JJ; 306 per McHugh J; Lacey v Attorney General (Qld) (2011) 242 CLR 572 at 581 [15]-[16] per French CJ, Gummow, Hayne, Crennan, Kiefel and Bell JJ; Bugmy v The Queen (2013) 249 CLR 571 at [24] per French CJ, Hayne, Crennan, K…
Hudson v The Queen [2010] VSCA 332
Citation 28

…s v Johnstone (2006) 168 A Crim R 223 Fusimalohi v The Queen [2012] ACTCA 49 Hili v The Queen (2010) 242 CLR 520 House v The King (1936) 55 CLR 499 Hudson v The Queen (2010) 205 A Crim R 199 Islam v The Queen [2013] ACTCA 10 Lowe v R (1984) 154 CLR 606 Lowndes v The Queen (1999) 195 CLR 665 Markarian v The Queen (2005) 228…
Hili v The Queen [2010] HCA 45
Citation 29 (Para 1)

…event, apart from any statutory provision, the sentences imposed in other cases may be taken into account in the manner described in Hili v The Queen (2010) 242 CLR 520 ( Hili ) at [48] and [53]-[55]:…
DPP (Cth) v De La Rosa [2010] NSWCCA 194
Citation 30 (Para 1)

…The relevant principles were conveniently summarised in Director of Public Prosecutions (Cth) v De La Rosa (2010) 79 NSWLR 1 at [177], where McClellan CJ at CL (with whom Simpson J and Barr AJ agreed) said:…
Bombardieri v R [2010] NSWCCA 161
Citation 31 (Para 1)

…in NSW for offences of aggravated dangerous driving causing death (maximum penalty 14 years’ imprisonment) were extensively reviewed by Buddin J in Bombardieri v The Queen (2010) 203 A Crim R 89. Recently, in R v Wright (2013) 229 A Crim R 245, the NSW Court of Criminal Appeal considered a case of aggravated dangerous driving ca…
R v Thorn [2010] ACTCA 10
Citation 32 (Para 1)

…an appellant should identify matters that support a conclusion (or necessary inference) of error: R v Campbell [2010] ACTCA 20 at [32], R v Thorn [2010] ACTCA 10 at [33].…
R v Borkowski [2009] NSWCCA 302
Citation 33 (Para 1)

…And in R v Borkowski (2009) 195 A Crim R 1 at Howie J observed at [31]:…
TC v R [2009] NSWCCA 296
Citation 34

…] NSWCCA 117; Ahmad [2006] NSWCCA 177; or where the offender is waiting to see what charges are ultimately brought by the Crown: Sullivan and Skillin [2009] NSWCCA 296; or the offender has delayed the plea to obtain some forensic advantage: Stambolis [2006] NSWCCA 56; Saad [2007] NSWCCA 98, such as having matters pu…
R v Franklin [2009] VSCA 77
Citation 35

…1) 147 CLR 383 R v Dib [2003] NSWCCA 117 R v Ellis (1993) 63 A Crim R 449 R v Engert (1995) 84 A Crim R 67 R v Flowers [2014] ACTCA 13 R v Franklin [2009] VSCA 77 R v Grenon [2013] ACTSC 292 R v Henry (1999) 46 NSWLR 346 R v Howard (Unreported, Supreme Court of the Australian Capital Territory, Penfold J, 22 Nove…
Kite v R [2009] NSWCCA 12
Citation 36

…is to be no component in the discount for remorse nor is there to be a separate quantified discount for remorse: MAK and MSK [2006] NSWCCA 381; Kite [2009] NSWCCA 12 or for the "Ellis discount"; Lewins [2007] NSWCCA 189; S [2008] NSWCCA 186. 6. Where there are multiple offences and pleas at different times, the ut…
Nguyen v R [2008] NSWCCA 280
Citation 37

…reason for the delay in the plea is irrelevant because, if it is not forthcoming, the utilitarian value is reduced: Stambolis [2006] NSWCCA 56; Giac [2008] NSWCCA 280. 9. The utilitarian value of a delayed plea is less and consequently the discount is reduced even where there has been a plea bargain: Dib [2003] NSW…
S v R [2008] NSWCCA 186
Citation 38

…parate quantified discount for remorse: MAK and MSK [2006] NSWCCA 381; Kite [2009] NSWCCA 12 or for the "Ellis discount"; Lewins [2007] NSWCCA 189; S [2008] NSWCCA 186. 6. Where there are multiple offences and pleas at different times, the utilitarian value of the plea should be separately considered for each offenc…
MJL v R [2007] NSWCCA 261
Citation 39 (Para 1)

…moved in a manner that is adverse to an offender. See also R v MJR (2002) 54 NSWLR 368; AJB v The Queen (2007) 169 A Crim R 32; MJL v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 261; and R v Wruck [2014] QCA 39.…
Burrows v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 239
Citation 40 (Para 1)

…In Burrows v The Queen (2007) 181 A Crim R 333 at [29], Tobias JA (with whom Latham J and Mathews AJ agreed) said:…
Courtney v R [2007] NSWCCA 195
Citation 41 (Para 32)

…5]–[45]; R v Israil [2002] NSWCCA 255; R v Hemsley [2004] NSWCCA 228 at [33]–[36]; R v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269 at [32]; Courtney v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 195; (2007) 172 A Crim R 371 at [14]–[18]; and R v Henry [2007] NSWCCA 90 at [28]. They can be summarised in the following manner: •Where the state of a person's…
Lewins v R [2007] NSWCCA 189
Citation 42

…r is there to be a separate quantified discount for remorse: MAK and MSK [2006] NSWCCA 381; Kite [2009] NSWCCA 12 or for the "Ellis discount"; Lewins [2007] NSWCCA 189; S [2008] NSWCCA 186. 6. Where there are multiple offences and pleas at different times, the utilitarian value of the plea should be separately consi…
R v Verdins [2007] VSCA 102
Citation 43 (Para 1)

…The Victorian Court of Appeal in R v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269 ( Verdins ) at [32] said:…
Saad v R [2007] NSWCCA 98
Citation 44

…own: Sullivan and Skillin [2009] NSWCCA 296; or the offender has delayed the plea to obtain some forensic advantage: Stambolis [2006] NSWCCA 56; Saad [2007] NSWCCA 98, such as having matters put on a Form 1: Chiekh and Hoete [2004] NSWCCA 448. 10. An offer of a plea that is rejected by the Crown but is consistent w…
R v Henry [2007] NSWCCA 90
Citation 45 (Para 14)

…33]–[36]; R v Verdins (2007) 16 VR 269 at [32]; Courtney v The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 195; (2007) 172 A Crim R 371 at [14]–[18]; and R v Henry [2007] NSWCCA 90 at [28]. They can be summarised in the following manner: •Where the state of a person's mental health contributes to the commission of the offence in a materia…
R v MAK [2006] NSWCCA 381
Citation 46

…04] NSWCCA 225. 5. There is to be no component in the discount for remorse nor is there to be a separate quantified discount for remorse: MAK and MSK [2006] NSWCCA 381; Kite [2009] NSWCCA 12 or for the "Ellis discount"; Lewins [2007] NSWCCA 189; S [2008] NSWCCA 186. 6. Where there are multiple offences and pleas at…
Perry v R [2006] NSWCCA 351
Citation 47

…saving witnesses from giving evidence but this is relevant to remorse: Thomson at [119] to [123]; nor is it affected by post-offending conduct: Perry [2006] NSWCCA 351. 4. The utilitarian discount does not take into account the strength of the prosecution case: Sutton [2004] NSWCCA 225. 5. There is to be no componen…
R v Ahmed [2006] VSCA 200
Citation 48

…The Queen [2007] NSWCCA 261 Muldrock v The Queen (2011) 244 CLR 120 Munda v Western Australia (2013) 249 CLR 600 R v AB (2011) 59 MVR 356 R v Ahmed [2006] VSCA 200 R v Barton (2001) 121 A Crim 185 R v Black (unreported New South Wales Court of Criminal Appeal 23 July 1998 R v Borkowski (2009) 195 A Crim R 1 R v Ca…
Ahmad v R [2006] NSWCCA 177
Citation 49

…arian value of a delayed plea is less and consequently the discount is reduced even where there has been a plea bargain: Dib [2003] NSWCCA 117; Ahmad [2006] NSWCCA 177; or where the offender is waiting to see what charges are ultimately brought by the Crown: Sullivan and Skillin [2009] NSWCCA 296; or the offender ha…
R v Whyte [2006] NSWCCA 75
Citation 50 (Para 1)

…rt of Criminal Appeal has given guideline judgments in the matters of R v Jurisic (1998) 45 NSWLR 209 (dangerous driving simpliciter) and R v Whyte (2002) 55 NSWLR 252 (aggravated dangerous driving). These guideline judgments have identified factors of aggravation that may also be relevant to courts in this jurisdicti…

Legislation Cited

Crimes (Sentencing) Act 2005 (ACT) 33, 35, 35A, 57, 61
6 mentions (from Para 1)
Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999 (NSW) 22
2 mentions (from Para 1)
Crimes Act 1900 (ACT) 29
2 mentions (from Para 1)
Human Rights Act 2004 (ACT) 22(1)
2 mentions (from Para 1)
Sentencing Act 1991 (Vic)
1 mention (from Para 1)