Marine Orders Part 43: Cargo & Cargo Handling—Livestock, Issue 6 (Cth)
| MARINE ORDERS Part 43 Cargo & Cargo Handling—Livestock Issue 6
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Table of Contents
1 Purpose and power
2 Definitions of words and phrases used in this Part
3 Interpretation
4 Application
5 Modifications & equivalents
6 Review of decisions
7 Notification & inspection
8 Restrictions on carriage of livestock
9 Structure & protective arrangements
10 Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock
11 Stability
12 Livestock services
13 Fire-fighting appliances
14 Loading of bulk fodder
15 Means of egress and access for persons
16 Means of access for livestock
17 Equipment for care of livestock on board
18 Provision of humane killing device
19 Master’s report
20 Sheepdesign of pens & passageways
21 Sheepstrength of pen fittings
22 Sheeparrangement of pens
23 Cattledesign of pens, stalls & passageways
24 Cattlestrength of pen & stall fittings
25 Cattlearrangement of pens & stalls
26 Horsesarrangements for carriage
27 Horsesdesign of stalls, pens & passageways
28 Horsesstrength of stall & pen fittings
29 Horsesarrangement of stalls & pens
30 Goats
31 Pigs
32 Other species of livestock
33 Provision of hospital pens & stalls
34 Carriage of livestock in portable equipment
35 Carriage of livestock on a short voyage
36 Disposal of dead livestock
37 Livestock mortality
38 Additional requirements
39 Transitional
Appendix 1 Forms
Appendix 2 ACCL—information to be provided by applicants
Appendix 3 Stability criteria for livestock carriers
Appendix 4 Provision of livestock services
Previous issues
Issue 1, Order No 2 of 1983
—Amended by Order No 8 of 1983
Issue 2, Order No 3 of 1991
—Amended by Order No 5 of 1997
Issue 3, Order No. 6 of 1997
Issue 4, Order No.16 of 1999
—Amended by Order No 21 of 1999
Issue 5, Order No.12 of 2001
—Amended by Order No 4 of 2004
1 Purpose & power
1.1 Purpose
This Part of Marine Orders makes provision for the certification of ships engaged in the carriage of livestock cargoes and specifies requirements concerning the stowage and carriage of such cargoes for the safe operation of ships.
1.2 Power
1.2.1 Section 190B of the Navigation Act provides for the regulations to make provision for and in relation to the survey and inspection of ships. Section 257 of that Act provides for the regulations to make provision for the stowing and carriage of cargo.
1.2.2 Subsection 425(1) of the Navigation Act provides for regulations to be made prescribing matters required or permitted to be prescribed or which are necessary or convenient to be prescribed for carrying out or giving effect to the Act.
1.2.3 Subsection 425(1AA) of the Navigation Act provides that AMSA may make orders with respect to any matter for or in relation to which provision may be made by regulation.
2 Definitions of words and phrases used in this Part
AMSA means the Australian Maritime Safety Authority established by the Australian Maritime Safety Authority Act 1990;
anniversary date means the day and the month of each year which will correspond to the date of expiry of the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock;
approved means approved by the Manager, Ship Inspections;
Australian Standards for the Export of Livestock (ASEL) has the same meaning as in the Export Control (Animals) Order 2004 made under the Export Control Act 1982;
classification society means a corporation that is a full member of the International Association of Classification Societies (IACS);[1]
[1] Current full members of IACS are: American Bureau of Shipping (ABS); Korean Register of Shipping (KR); Bureau Veritas (BV); Lloyd’s Register (LR); China Classification Society (CCS); Nippon Kaiji Kyokai (NK); Det Norske Veritas (DNV); Registro Italiano Navale (RINA); Germanischer Lloyd (GL); and Russian Maritime Register of Shipping (RS).
fresh water generator includes a reverse osmosis water plant;
General Manager means the General Manager, Maritime Operations, in AMSA;
IMO means the International Maritime Organization;
inspector of stock has the same meaning as “inspector” in the Livestock Disease Control Act 1994 (Vic.) and the Animal Health Act 1995 (Tas.);
ISM Code means the International Safety Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention, as defined in Marine Orders, Part 58;
livestock includes sheep, cattle (including buffalo), horses (including mules and asses), goats, pigs, camels and other animals that may be used in commercial enterprise, but does not include household pets;
livestock services means all of the following:
(a)ventilation;
(b) fresh water supplies;
(c)feed and/or fodder supplies;
(d) lighting; and
(e)effluent removal systems;
Manager, Ship Inspections, means the person occupying the position of Manager, Ship Inspections, in AMSA or, in respect of any particular purpose under this Part, a suitably qualified person authorised by the Manager, Ship Inspections, for that purpose;
MARPOL 73/78 has the same meaning as “the Convention” in the Protection of the Sea (Prevention of Pollution from Ships) Act 1983;
Navigation Act means the Navigation Act 1912;
non-combustible material has the same meaning as “non-combustible material” in Regulation 3 of Chapter II-2 of SOLAS;
operator means the owner of the ship or any other organisation or person, such as the manager or bareboat charterer, who has assumed responsibility for the operation of the ship from the shipowner;[2]
[2] The operator would normally be taken as the organisation whose name appears as ‘Company’ on the Document of Compliance issued under the International Safety Management Code.
penal provision means a penal provision for the purposes of Regulation 4 of the Navigation (Orders) Regulations;[3]
short voyage means a voyage that is not expected to exceed 24 hours;
SOLAS means the Safety Convention as defined in the Navigation Act;
surveyor means a person appointed to be a surveyor under section 190 of the Navigation Act;
uppermost continuous deck means the uppermost complete deck of a ship that is exposed to the weather and sea, being a deck fitted as an integral part of the ship's structure and all openings in the weather positions of which are fitted with permanent means of closing.
3 Interpretation
3.1 In this Part, a reference to the date on which a ship was constructed means the date on which not less than 50 tonnes or one per cent of the proposed total mass of the structural material of the ship, whichever is the less, has been assembled.
3.2 In this Part, a reference to the date on which a ship was converted means the date on which the conversion commenced.
3.3 If one or more of provisions 17, 18, 30, 31 or 32 are inconsistent with an ASEL, or an order made under section 17 of the Australian Meat and Live-stock Industry Act 1997, those provisions will have no force or effect to the extent of the inconsistency.
3.4 In this Part:
(a) headings and subheadings are part of the Part;
(b) each Appendix is part of the Part; and
(c) a footnote is not part of the Part, but may provide additional information or guidance in applying the Part.
4 Application
4.1 Subject to 4.2, this Part applies to and in relation to:
(a) all ships on which it is intended to take on, that are taking on, or have on board livestock at any port in Australia or that are carrying livestock to sea from any port in Australia; and
(b) Australian-registered ships on which it is intended to take on, that are taking on, have on board or are carrying livestock between ports outside Australia.
4.2 This Part does not apply to a ship arriving at a port in Australia carrying livestock loaded at a port outside Australia for discharge at:
(a) a port in Australia; or
(b) a port outside Australia,
if a surveyor is satisfied that the provisions of this Part are being substantially complied with in respect of that livestock.
5 Modifications & equivalents
5.1 If the Manager, Ship Inspections, considers that the application of any of the provisions of this Part may be modified in respect of a ship or class of ships without danger to persons or detriment to the proper carriage of livestock, the Manager, Ship Inspections, may allow the modification of the application of those provisions to such extent and subject to such conditions as, in that officer's opinion, the circumstances of the case warrant.
5.2 If a provision of this Part requires a particular fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, to be fitted or carried in a ship or class of ships or a particular provision to be made in a ship or class of ships, the Manager, Ship Inspections, may allow, subject to such conditions considered appropriate, any other fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, to be fitted or carried, or any other provision to be made, if that officer is satisfied that the other fitting, material, appliance or apparatus, or type thereof, or provision, is at least as effective as that required by that provision of this Part.
5.3 Application for a modification under 5.1 or the allowance of an equivalent under 5.2 must be made in writing to the Manager, Ship Inspections, and must be accompanied by such information as the Manager, Ship Inspections, requires to enable that officer to make a proper decision.
5.4 The Manager, Ship Inspections, must not allow a modification or equivalent under 5.1 or 5.2 if this would be inconsistent with a prohibition in provision 10.5.
6 Review of decisions
6.1 Internal review
6.1.1 If the Manager, Ship Inspections, or a surveyor makes a decision under this Part, a person affected by the decision may, within three months of the notification of the decision or within such longer period as determined by the General Manager, apply to the General Manager for review of that decision.
6.1.2 An application for internal review under 6.1.1 must be made in writing to the General Manager and must be accompanied by such information as the General Manager requires to enable the decision to be properly reviewed.
6.1.3 The General Manager may:
(a) affirm the original decision by the Manager, Ship Inspections, or surveyor; or
(b) make any decision that could be made by the Manager, Ship Inspections, or surveyor in accordance with this Part.
6.1.4 The General Manager must give his or her decision in writing within 28 days of receiving the application for internal review.
6.2 Review by the AAT
6.2.1 Application may be made to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal for review of a decision by the General Manager under 6.1.3.
6.2.2 The written decision of the General Manager required by 6.1.4 must include a statement to the effect that:
(a) if the person is dissatisfied with the decision, application may, subject to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal Act 1975, be made to the Administrative Appeals Tribunal for review of the decision; and
(b) the person may request a statement under section 28 of the Administrative Appeals TribunalAct 1975.
6.2.3 Failure to comply with 6.2.2 in relation to a decision does not affect the validity of that decision.
7 Notification & inspection
7.1 Pre-loading inspection
7.1.1 Subject to 7.1.3, the master of a ship must not allow livestock to be loaded onto the ship at a port in Australia, other than for carriage on a short voyage, until a surveyor has carried out an initial pre-loading inspection of the ship, and such subsequent pre-loading inspections as the surveyor considers necessary, to ascertain that the livestock fittings, livestock equipment and arrangements for the carriage of livestock on the ship comply with the provisions of this Part or with the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock for the ship and are in a fit state for the proper carriage of the livestock to be loaded.
This is a penal provision.
7.1.2 Subject to 7.1.3, the master of a ship must not allow livestock to be loaded on to the ship at a port in Australia for carriage on a short voyage until a surveyor has carried out such pre-loading inspections of the ship as the surveyor considers necessary to ascertain that the livestock fittings, livestock equipment and arrangements for the carriage of livestock comply with the relevant provisions of this Part and are in a fit state for the proper carriage of the livestock.
This is a penal provision.
7.1.3 Provisions 7.1.1 and 7.1.2 do not apply to the loading of cattle on to a ship undertaking a voyage of less than 10 days if:
(a) a satisfactory pre-loading inspection has been carried out within 60 days prior to the intended loading;
(b) a surveyor considers that a further pre-loading inspection is not warranted; and
(c) the information specified in 7.2 has been provided prior to loading.
7.1.4 Species other than cattle may be loaded as well as cattle under 7.1.3 if:
(a) the maximum total area permitted for species other than cattle is 400m2, or 25 per cent of the net pen area (as described in the Record of Equipment and Arrangements), whichever is the less; and
(b) the Record of Equipment and Arrangements indicates that the ship is approved for all species of livestock to be carried .
7.2 Notification of intention to load livestock
An inspection required by 7.1 will not be carried out until the following information has been provided by an approved method [4] for the port of loading:[5]
[4] The methods that have been approved by the Manager, Ship Inspections, are listed on the form referred to in footnote 5.
[5] The notice required by 7.2 must be given: for items (a), (b), (c) and (f), and an estimate of item (d)—not less than 72 hours before the time at which the ship will be available for inspection; and for items (e), (g) and (h) and final data for item (d)— prior to departure. Notice may be made by telephone, followed by notice in writing. Failure to provide notice within these time limits not less than 72 hours before the time at which the ship will be available for inspection may result in delay to loading or sailing of the ship. A suitable form for the purpose is at the name of the ship;
(b) the voyage number;
(c) the port and berth, and the date and time, at which the ship will be available for inspection, together with the estimated time of commencement of loading;
(d) a description of the livestock to be carried including the type, number and estimated average mass of the livestock;
(e) the type of proposed containment in the case of a ship that is to carry livestock on a short voyage;
(f) the port of discharge;
(g) the expected length of voyage, in days; and
(h) confirmation that all equipment, machinery and arrangements essential for the safe operation of the ship, including livestock services and secondary power sources, are in full working order.[6]
[6] Section 268 of the Navigation Act requires the master of a ship to report to AMSA where there is a defect or damage to machinery or equipment which affects or is likely to affect the seaworthiness of the ship.
7.3 Prohibition on loading
7.3.1 If a surveyor is of the opinion that the provisions of this Part are not being complied with, the surveyor may order[7] that:
[7] It may not always be practical for a surveyor to give such order in writing in the first instance. However, an order given orally will be followed by written confirmation at the earliest opportunity.
(a) the loading of livestock must not be commenced or continued until such time as a surveyor is satisfied that compliance with the provisions of this Part has been achieved and the order revoked; or
(b) spaces nominated in the order must not be used for the carriage of livestock until such time as a surveyor is satisfied that compliance with the provisions of this Part has been achieved in respect of those spaces and the order revoked.
7.3.2 A person must not act in contravention of a surveyor's order under 7.3.1.
This is a penal provision.
7.4 Inspections during and after loading
7.4.1 A surveyor may inspect a ship at any time during or after loading in order to ascertain whether the requirements of this Part are being, or have been, complied with.
7.4.2 If a surveyor is satisfied that the requirements of this Part are not being, or have not been, complied with, he or she is to advise the master of the circumstances as soon as possible.
7.5 Taking a ship to sea [8]
[8] Severe weather conditions substantially increase the risk of injury and mortality to livestock. If there is a possibility of such conditions being experienced on the proposed route, the master should consider action to be taken to minimise the risk, such as the use of a weather routing service. The master may need to consider delaying loading if there is an imminent threat of severe weather conditions.
7.5.1 The master must not take a ship to sea with livestock unless:
(a) the ship is in compliance with, and the livestock has been loaded in accordance with, the requirements of this Part; and
(b) information has been provided to the master detailing the actual number, weight and type of livestock loaded on board the ship.
This is a penal provision.
7.5.2 A person must not provide the master of ship with inaccurate information regarding the actual number, weight and type of livestock loaded on board the ship.
This is a penal provision.
7.6 Maintenance of services and arrangements while at sea
7.6.1 The master of a ship must ensure that livestock services provided for livestock carried are maintained in serviceable condition in accordance with the particulars shown on the ship’s Record of Equipment and Arrangements.
This is a penal provision.
7.6.2 A person must not, without the express authority of the master, make any alteration during the voyage to any livestock fittings, livestock equipment or arrangements for the carriage of livestock.
This is a penal provision.
8 Restrictions on carriage of livestock
8.1 Livestock must not be carried or loaded for carriage on or in any part of a ship where the livestock, livestock fittings, livestock equipment or arrangements for the carriage of livestock would:
(a) obstruct access to any accommodation space or working space necessary for the safe running of the ship, or the means of egress from any hold or underdeck space; or
(b) interfere with life-saving or fire-fighting appliances; or
(c) interfere with the sounding of tanks or bilges; or
(d) interfere with the operation of closing appliances; or
(e) interfere with the operation of freeing ports; or
(f) interfere with the lighting or ventilation of other parts of the ship; or
(g) interfere with the proper navigation of the ship.
8.2 If the casing or bulkhead of an engine room, boiler room or heated fuel tank forms the boundary of a space in which livestock is to be carried, adequate measures must be taken to ensure that there is no resultant undesirable rise in temperature in the livestock space[9] above the ambient temperature of the space.
[9] Generally, where the ambient temperature in the space is expected to exceed 22°C, an increase of 3°C is considered undesirable. Adequate measures may include insulation of the bulkhead or other boundary of the space.
8.3 Subject to 8.4, livestock must not be carried in more than one tier on any deck.
8.4 Sheep, goats and pigs may be carried in more than one tier on any one deck subject to compliance with provisions 20, 21, 22, 30, 31 and 34 of this Part.
8.5 Livestock must not be carried over a hatchway unless the hatchway is protected against consequent damage and the hatchway covers are secured against movement.
8.6 Livestock must not be carried unless contained in pens, stalls or other similar fittings permitted by this Part.
8.7 Livestock must not be carried:
(a) within the same underdeck compartment as; or
(b) within 6 metres horizontally from; or
(c) otherwise in a position where the livestock might be affected by the spillage of;
dangerous goods to which the International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG) Code applies[10].
[10] The IMDG Code is defined in section 248 of the Navigation Act.
9 Structure & protective arrangements
9.1 The livestock structure of a ship, its connections to the hull, its fittings and equipment, and all items provided for the needs of livestock outside the livestock structure must be constructed and maintained to a standard no less than that which would be applicable to similar structures, connections, fittings, equipment and items surveyed by the ship’s classification society.
9.2 A ship to be used for the carriage of livestock must be provided with durable fittings so manufactured, assembled or positioned as to protect the livestock from injury, avoidable suffering and exposure to weather and sea.
9.3 Livestock structures, including livestock decks and containment structures but excluding livestock services such as water pipes and feed troughs, must be constructed of non-combustible materials.
10 Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock
10.1 Requirement for certificate
10.1.1 Operator
The operator of a ship that is permanently equipped for the carriage of livestock must not allow the ship to carry livestock from a port in Australia unless there is in force in respect of the ship an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock valid for the species of livestock to be carried.
This is a penal provision.
10.1.2 Master
The master of a ship that is permanently equipped for the carriage of livestock must not take the ship to sea with livestock on board from a port in Australia unless there is in force in respect of the ship an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock valid for the species of livestock to be carried.
This is a penal provision.
10.2 Application for certificate
10.2.1 Application for the issue, reissue or endorsement of an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock must be made by the owner or agent of a ship by submitting to the Manager, Ship Inspections, in writing the information specified in Appendix 2.[11] If the application is for the initial issue of a certificate, such information as is reasonably necessary to assess compliance with this Part must also be submitted, including three copies of each of the following documents:[12]
[11] A form that may be used for this purpose is obtainable from AMSA’s website at An electronic copy of documentation may be accepted by prior arrangement with AMSA.
(a) scale drawings that provide details of:
(i) the design, materials, methods of construction and arrangement of fittings for the containment and movement of the livestock;
(ii) ventilation arrangements,[13] together with the gross volume of enclosed spaces;
[13] Including current test measurements.
(iii) lighting;
(iv) the provisions for storage and distribution of fodder and water;
(v) drainage arrangements;
(vi)arrangements of main and secondary supplies of power;
(vii)the provision of fire-fighting appliances;
(viii) the general arrangement of the ship, both before and after modification to carry livestock, if a converted ship; and
(ix) the structural fire protection plan of the ship, both before and after modification to carry livestock, if a converted ship;
(b) stability data for the ship with livestock on board;
(c) a documented maintenance program[14] related to:
[14] This may be incorporated into the ship’s Safety Management System. If it is, the operator should provide a document that details where and how each of the listed requirements has been addressed in the Safety Management System.
(i) the livestock containment structure (including accessways, ramps between decks and ship/shore livestock accesses);
(ii) ventilation, lighting and drainage arrangements for the livestock areas of the ship, including main and secondary sources of power;
(iii) the arrangements for storage and distribution of fodder and water;
(iv) the making of potable water on board (if this is required to provide for the necessary quantity of water to supply the livestock); and
(v) the fire-fighting appliances in the livestock areas of the ship; and
(d) a Record of Equipment and Arrangements in accordance with Form 2 of Appendix 1.
10.2.2 All information required by 10.2.1 must be in English or accompanied by an English translation.
10.2.3 A copy of the information required by 10.2.1 must be kept on board the ship.
10.3 Issue or reissue of certificate
10.3.1 If, following a survey of a ship, the Manager, Ship Inspections, is satisfied that:
(a) the livestock fittings, livestock equipment and arrangements for the carriage of livestock of the ship:
(i) fully comply with the provisions of this Part; or
(ii) are of a standard that is at least equivalent to the provisions of this Part; or
(iii) if the ship was engaged in carrying livestock from Australia before 1 July 1983, are of a standard substantially in compliance with the provisions of this Part;
(b) the ship complies with or, if it was constructed or converted for the carriage of livestock before 1 July 2000, substantially complies with, the bridge visibility requirements of Regulation 22 of Chapter V of SOLAS; and
(c) issue or reissue of a certificate is not prohibited by 10.5,
the Manager, Ship Inspections, will issue, or where appropriate reissue, in respect of the ship an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock for the species of livestock for the carriage of which the ship complies, in the form specified in Form 1 of Appendix 1.
10.3.2 In circumstances where there is insufficient time for the issue or reissue of an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock before the ship is due to sail, the Manager, Ship Inspections, may issue an Interim Document in the form specified in Form 4 of Appendix 1 for a period not exceeding one month, and that Interim Document has effect as though it were an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock.
10.4 Annual endorsement of certificate
10.4.1 An Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock is subject to annual endorsement.
10.4.2 If, following a survey of a ship, the Manager, Ship Inspections, is satisfied that the arrangements for the carriage of livestock[15] have been maintained in accordance with this Part, and that endorsement of the certificate is not prohibited by 10.5, the Manager, Ship Inspections, will endorse the ship’s Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock accordingly.
[15] The arrangements for the carriage of livestock include, but are not limited to, services provided for the carriage of livestock, livestock structures, fodder and water tanks, connections to the ship, and all fittings and equipment, whether required by this Part or not, necessary for the carriage of livestock.
10.5 Prohibition on issue, reissue or endorsement of certificate
10.5.1 An Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock is not to be issued, endorsed or reissued in respect of any ship unless:
(a) the ship is classed by a classification society;
(b) there is in force in respect of the ship certification under the ISM Code; and
(c) one of the following applies:
(i) irrespective of the date of construction, the ship meets the requirements of the Safety Convention applicable to ships constructed on or after 1 September 1984;[16] or
[16] These requirements are contained in SOLAS 74, as amended by the 1978 SOLAS Protocol and the 1981 SOLAS amendments adopted by IMO resolution MSC.1(XLV) which entered into force on 1 September 1984.
(ii) subject to 10.5.2., an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock has been previously issued in respect of the ship, the operator of the ship has not changed, and the requirements specified in 10.3 for reissue of that certificate are met on, or within the three months following, its validity ceasing for whatever reason.
10.5.2 Notwithstanding provision 10.5.1(c)(ii), no Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock can be reissued or endorsed with an expiry date after 1 December 2011 in respect of a ship that does not meet the requirement set out in 10.5.1(c)(i).
10.6 Validity and duration of certificate
10.6.1 Subject to 10.6.2, an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock remains valid for a maximum of five years from the date of issue, although if the ship’s Safety Construction Certificate or equivalent survey certificate is extended in accordance with SOLAS or Marine Orders Part 31, the Manager, Ship Inspections, may extend its validity in a like manner.[17]
[17] The expiry date of the Certificate will normally be aligned with the expiry date of the ship’s Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate, and the survey for annual endorsement of the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock should be carried out, as far as practical, at the same time as the survey for the annual endorsement of the Cargo Ship Safety Construction Certificate.
10.6.2 Subject to 10.7, an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock ceases to be valid:
(a) if the ship’s certificate of survey or Safety Convention certificate becomes invalid for any reason—for such period as that certificate remains invalid; or
(b) if a survey for endorsement of the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock has not been satisfactorily completed within three months of its anniversary date—until the endorsement is carried out; or
(c) if one or more of the requirements of 10.3.1 are no longer met in respect of a ship—until the requirements of 10.3.1 are again being met in respect of the ship; or
(d) if one or more of the prohibitions on the issue of a certificate set out in 10.5 now apply in relation to a ship—until no prohibitions on the issue of a certificate set out in 10.5 now apply in relation to the ship; or
(e) if the arrangements for the carriage of livestock are substantially changed as set out in 10.6.3; or
(f) if the arrangements for the carriage of livestock are modified as set out in 10.6.4 and such modifications do not comply with the requirements specified in this Part for the construction of livestock structures and pens; or
(g) if the operator of the ship changes; or
(h) with effect from 1 December 2011—if the ship does not meet the requirements of the Safety Convention applicable to ships constructed on or after 1 September 1984.
10.6.3 For the purposes of 10.6.2(e), the arrangements for the carriage of livestock are considered to be substantially changed if:
(a) modifications are made to the livestock structures affecting 50 per cent or more of the total pen area; or
(b) modifications increase the total pen area by 10 per cent or more.
10.6.4 For the purposes of 10.6.2(f), the arrangements for the carriage of livestock are modified if:
(a) modifications to the livestock structures affect more than 10 per cent but less than 50 per cent of the total pen area, or
(b) modifications increase the total pen area by more than 2 per cent but less than 10 per cent.[18]
[18] Modifications that are made to the livestock structures affecting less than 10 per cent of the total pen area, or increasing the pen area by less than 2 per cent, should comply with the requirements of this Part applying at the date of construction of those pre-existing livestock structures and pens.
10.6.5 The operator of a ship in respect of which the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock has become invalid must return the certificate to the Manager, Ship Inspections, at any time if requested to do so by the Manager, Ship Inspections.
This is a penal provision.
10.7 Limitation on use of certificate
10.7.1 If:
(a) an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock has become invalid because one or more of the requirements of 10.3 are no longer met in respect of a ship; and
(b) the Manager, Ship Inspections, is of the opinion that it would nevertheless be reasonable in the circumstances to allow the ship to continue to operate subject to conditions,
the Manager, Ship Inspections, may give written notice to the operator of the ship of those conditions.
10.7.2 If the ship is operated in accordance with the conditions, the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock in respect of the ship is considered to be valid, despite 10.6.2.
10.8 Certificate to be kept on board ship
The operator of a ship must ensure that the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock in respect of the ship, together with its associated Record of Equipment and Arrangements, is on board the ship at all times when the ship is engaged in the loading and carriage of livestock.
This is a penal provision.
10.9 Production of certificate
The master of a ship must, on the request of a surveyor, produce the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock in respect of the ship.
This is a penal provision.
10.10 Livestock to be carried in compliance with certificate
The master of a ship must ensure that, when livestock is on board the ship, the livestock fittings, livestock equipment and arrangements for the carriage of livestock shown in the Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock are in position and in good order and the livestock are contained and carried in compliance with the certificate.
This is a penal provision.
10.11 Alterations
The operator of a ship in respect of which an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock is in force must advise the Manager, Ship Inspections, as soon as practicable if:
(a) the ship is sold or scrapped; or
(b) the ship changes flag or port of registry; or
(c) the ship changes name; or
(d) the ship’s classification society changes; or
(e) a change is made in the ship's equipment, services or arrangements provided for the carriage of livestock.
This is a penal provision.
11 Stability
11.1 The master of a ship must, before loading commences, ensure that the ship has the ability to comply with the stability criteria specified in the IMO Code on Intact Stability[19] at all stages of the voyage, taking into account, as specified in Appendix 3, the effects of shift of livestock and fodder and the effect of wind.
[19] Annex to IMO Resolution A.749(18), as amended by MSC.75(79).
This is a penal provision.
11.2 The master of a ship on which livestock is to be loaded must, if requested by a surveyor, produce for examination the stability information specified by Appendix 3 and the stability calculations for the intended voyage and, if requested, must provide a copy to the surveyor.
This is a penal provision.
12 Livestock services
12.1 A ship permanently equipped for the carriage of livestock must be fitted with systems and equipment that ensure the maintenance of livestock services at a level necessary for the welfare of the livestock.
12.2 Compliance with Appendix 4 will meet this requirement. However, as an alternative, an operator may demonstrate adequate redundancy in systems and equipment by supplying to the Manager, Ship Inspections, a risk analysis of the systems involved.[20] A revised risk analysis must be provided whenever the arrangements referred to in that analysis are changed. An alternative will not be accepted if:
[20] Guidance for the preparation of risk analyses is contained in Australian Standard AS3931:1998.
(a) it is inconsistent with Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78; or
(b) it does not comply with 6.8 of Appendix 4.
13 Fire-fighting appliances
13.1 Fire hydrants must be provided so that at least two jets of water from separate hydrants can be simultaneously directed to any part of a space or deck where livestock are located. One of those jets of water must be provided by a single length of hose. The hydrants must be connected to the fire main provided on the ship.[21]
[21] The hydrants should be located so that two jets of water can be directed at a single point without the necessity for hoses to pass over or through pens.
13.2 A fire hose, together with the necessary connections and a nozzle capable of directing water in the form of a spray and a jet, must be provided:
(a) in an enclosed space—for each hydrant; and
(b) in any other space or on a deck—for each 50 metres length, or part thereof, of space or deck.
Each hose must be capable of being connected to any hydrant and to any other hose (other than hydrants and hoses within the engine room or accommodation spaces).
13.3 The master of the ship must ensure that each fire hose, with its connections and nozzle, is kept in a conspicuous position near the hydrant with, or close to the entrances or stairways leading to the space or deck in which it is intended to be used.
This is a penal provision.
13.4 If hay or straw is carried or used in a space where livestock is located, there must be provided:
(a) a portable fire extinguisher that uses water as the extinguishing medium, for every 18 metres or part thereof of the space, one of which must be placed adjacent to an entrance to the space; or
(b) an approved fire-fighting arrangement that uses water as the extinguishing medium.
13.5 If electrical equipment, other than for the purposes of lighting, is situated in an enclosed livestock space, an adequate number of portable fire extinguishers or a fixed fire-fighting installation suitable for use with electrical equipment, must be provided in that space.
13.6 Hydrants, hoses, hose connections and nozzles, portable fire extinguishers and fixed fire-fighting installations provided for the purposes of 13 must be of equivalent standard to fire appliances required to be carried for the issue of a Cargo Ship Safety Equipment Certificate.[22]
[22] Fire-fighting appliances carried in addition to those required by 13 may be positioned to the requirements of the owner of a ship.
13.7 Notices must be prominently displayed prohibiting smoking or the use of naked lights in livestock spaces and any spaces used for the storage of fodder, hay, bedding or any other flammable material.
13.8 Fire extinguishers provided in compliance with 13.4 or 13.5 must be tested at intervals not exceeding five years in the same manner as they would be tested for the issue of a cargo ship safety equipment certificate.
14 Loading of bulk fodder
14.1 When bulk fodder is to be loaded, areas where flammable dusts may be present (such as spaces used for the storage or handling of bulk fodder) must be classified in accordance with Australian Standard AS/NZS 61241.10 (IEC 61241-10). Electrical equipment to be installed in spaces so categorised should be selected, installed, certified and maintained in compliance with Australian Standards AS 2381.1 and AS/NZS 61241.14 (IEC 61241-14) or alternatively the components must be electrically isolated.
14.2 When bulk fodder is loaded by means of portable piping, the following provisions must be complied with:
(a) a bulk fodder truck must be effectively earthed to a suitable part of the wharf or quay and, if a separate blower trailer is used, both truck and trailer must be earthed;
(b) the piping must, if possible, be so arranged that it is electrically continuous and if the pipes are so manufactured that they are not electrically continuous, a bare wire strong enough to withstand normal handling must be wound round the full length of the pipe in spiral fashion with a pitch of approximately 500 millimetres;
(c) the piping must be effectively earthed to the ship and all earth connections must be secured with clips so that there can be no interruption or disconnection during the handling or manoeuvring of the piping;
(d) if more than one pipe length is used, they must not, if practicable, be insulated from one another;
(e) if pipe connections depend on heavy duty seals that are not electrically conductive, each individual pipe length must be earthed to the adjoining length by metal straps or must be earthed separately; and
(f) a conductive sleeve approximately 500 millimetres long must be fitted at the discharge end of the pipe and must be electrically continuous with the pipe or, if fitted, the bare spiralled wire referred to above.
14.3.1 Subject to 14.3.2, fodder tanks must be emptied before loading pelletised fodder.[23]
[23] Attention is drawn to the potential danger of working in confined spaces, oxygen depletion being likely in any space containing large amounts of vegetable matter. Appropriate confined space entry procedures should be followed.
14.3.2 Where fodder remains from a previous voyage and it is not practical to empty all tanks completely:
(a) where there are two or more tanksone may contain left over fodder, the remainder being emptied; or
(b) where there is only one tankcompacted residues are broken up and, so far as practical, moved so as to ensure their being consumed during the subsequent voyage,
provided that each tank is completely emptied at least once in every 90 days.
14.3.3 The master of the ship must maintain records of emptying of fodder tanks and must make such records available for inspection by a surveyor.
This is a penal provision.
15 Means of egress and access for persons
15.1 In a ship constructed or converted for the carriage of livestock after 1 July 1983 there must be provided in each space in which livestock is carried no fewer than two means of egress widely separated and giving access to an open deck.
15.2 Access to a livestock space for persons must be safe and, if combined with a ramp used for moving livestock between decks, must be separated from the livestock ramp by protective fencing.
15.3 A pen, stall or similar fitting must be provided with a means of access for persons with a secure closing arrangement having a structural strength equivalent to the strength of that part of the pen, stall or fitting.
15.4 If access is required between a ship’s side and a pen, stall or similar fitting for the purposes of the safe and proper operation of the ship, a passageway must be provided that has a clear width of not less than 750 millimetres between the ship’s rail or bulwark and the rails or receptacles of the pen, stall or fitting, except that obstructions outside the pen rails, such as receptacles, pipework, etc., may reduce the passageway measured from the ship’s rail to 550 millimetres.
15.5 If a means of egress or access is provided in accordance with 15, or if a passageway is provided in accordance with this Part, the master must ensure that the means of egress, access or passageway is kept clear at all times during a voyage.
This is a penal provision.
15.6 Passageways and walkways in livestock areas must:
(a) in a ship that was engaged in carrying livestock from Australia before 1 July 1983—have a minimum clear height of 1.8 metres; or
(b) in any other ship—have a minimum clear height of 2.0 metres.
16 Means of access for livestock
16.1 A ramp or other suitable means of access appropriate to the species, must be provided for the loading or unloading of livestock. It must be so erected as to prevent any gap occurring between it and the ship and must be set at a gradient not excessive for the species to be loaded or unloaded.[24]
[24] For suitable dimensions for ramps, refer to provisions 22.3 for sheep and 25.3 for cattle.
16.2 A means of access must be fitted with:
(a) side panels free of protrusions and of sufficient strength and height to prevent escape of livestock;
(b) a walking surface of battens suitable for the species; and
(c) a closing arrangement sited at either the top or the bottom of the ramp.[25]
[25] The positioning of the closing arrangement will depend on the species of livestock; for cattle it should be located as close as possible to the point of entry to the ship.
16.3 If a means of access is part of the ship’s equipment, it must be designed to support a uniformly distributed load over the walking surface not less than the values specified in Table 1.
Table 1
| Species | Load (newtons per square metre) |
| Cattle and horses | 4,700 |
| Sheep, goats and pigs | 2,400 |
16.4 The maximum permissible tensile stress for material used in the construction of a means of access must not exceed the values specified in Table 2 for the applicable specified load.
Table 2
| Material | Maximum permissible tensile strength |
| Steel | 0.5 x minimum yield stress |
| Aluminium | 0.5 x 0.2% proof stress |
| Other | As specified by the Manager, Ship Inspections |
16.5 If it is necessary for persons to be on a means of access during the movement of livestock, it must be provided with a passage of not less than 550 millimetres width that must be:
(a) fenced to a height of not less than one metre and with an intermediate horizontal rail approximately 550 millimetres above the walking surface; and
(b) fitted with treads at suitable stepping distances.
17 Equipment for care of livestock on board
17.1 If the normal means of tending, feeding and watering of the livestock is wholly or partially by automatic means, arrangements[26] must be provided for the satisfactory tending, feeding and watering of the livestock in the event of a malfunction of the automatic means, but without compromising the safe navigation of the ship.
[26] The attention of owners, masters and agents is drawn to orders under section 17 of the Australian Meat and Live-stock Industry Act 1997. Note also that the provision of appropriate resources for tending cargo is among the master’s responsibilities under the ISM Code.
18 Provision of humane killing device
There must be provided on a ship carrying livestock a means of humanely killing livestock appropriate for use with the species carried.
19 Master's report
Upon completion of a voyage, other than a short voyage, during which livestock has been carried, the master of a ship must make a report in writing to :
(a) the Secretary of the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry; and
(b) the Manager, Ship Inspections,
in accordance with Form 5 in Appendix 1.[27]
[27] The Master’s Report is to be sent to Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, GPO Box 858, CANBERRA ACT 2601, Facsimile: (02) 6272 5423. The Master’s Report is also to be provided to the Manager, Ship Inspections, AMSA, GPO Box 2181, CANBERRA ACT 2601, Facsimile: (02) 6279 5058. A Master’s Report form is obtainable from AMSA’s website at Sheepdesign of pens & passageways
20.1.1 Subject to 20.1.2, the construction of pens for sheep and of adjacent passageways must comply with the details specified in Table 3.
Table 3
| Detail of design | Dimension |
| Maximum breadth | 4.5 metres |
| Minimum breadth | 2.0 metres |
| Maximum length | Not more than twice the breadth |
| Detail of design | Dimension |
| Minimum length | Not less than the breadth |
| Maximum clear floor area within pen | 40.5 square metres |
| Minimum clear height within pen | 1.1 metres |
| Maximum clear vertical distance between rails | 300 millimetres |
| Maximum clear vertical distance below bottom edge of lowest rail of pen installed at deck level | 200 millimetres |
| Maximum clear vertical distance below bottom edge of lowest rail of pen not installed at deck level except where a vertical plate or board is fitted in accordance with 22.4 | 50 millimetres |
| Minimum height of top edge of uppermost rail above pen floor except that the height of that rail may be decreased if the clear height above that rail does not exceed 300 millimetres. | 900 millimetres |
| Minimum width of adjacent passageway clear of receptacles and any other obstructions | 550 millimetres |
20.1.2 In open structures above the weather deck, where pen rails form the outer perimeter containment, reduced pen rail spacing is required to minimise the risk of animals being lost overboard. These spacings are:
(a) the maximum clear vertical space below the bottom edge of the lowest rail and the top of a deck boundary angle or fashion plate, must be 100 millimetres; and
(b) the maximum clear vertical space between rails must be 200 millimetres except that the maximum clear vertical space between the uppermost rail and the next lower rail may be 250 millimetres.
20.2 The clear floor area within a pen referred to in Table 3 is the area of the pen exclusive of any receptacle or other object or structure occupying any part of the area of the pen.[28]
[28] A bar fitted in accordance with 7.6.2 of Appendix 4 is not regarded as forming an obstruction.
20.3 The deck within pens, passageways and ramps between decks must have a surface that provides a satisfactory non-slip foothold for the sheep.
20.4 The closing arrangement referred to in provision 16.2 must be a gate capable of being quickly closed to control the movement of sheep from shore to ship and vice versa. Within the ship, sliding or swinging gates must be provided where necessary to control the movement of sheep to and from pens.
21 Sheepstrength of pen fittings
21.1 Subject to 21.4, rails and stanchions forming a fore and aft boundary of a sheep pen must be capable of withstanding a load per metre length determined by the application of Formula 1, uniformly distributed up to the height of the top of the uppermost rail the centre of which is at a height of not more than 900 millimetres above the pen floor.[29]
[29] A rail, the centre of which is at a height of more than 900 millimetres above the pen floor, is not considered to be load bearing.
Formula 1
F = 1668 B (0.574 + 0.0252 Z) newtons per metre length
where: F = load per metre length of boundary;
B = maximum breadth of pen, in metres; and
Z = the vertical distance from a point 0.50 metre above the pen floor to the ship's water-line corresponding to the anticipated lightest load, in metres.
21.2 Rails and stanchions forming a boundary of a sheep pen other than a fore and aft boundary referred to in 21.1, must be of substantially the same method of construction and of substantially the same scantlings as required for the fore and aft boundaries.
21.3.1 Subject to 21.4, any two-thirds of the area of the floor of a sheep pen must be capable of withstanding 100 per cent of the floor load, determined by the application of Formula 2, uniformly distributed over the area.
Formula 2
where: F = floor load, in newtons per square metre
d = draught of the ship corresponding to the anticipated lightest loaded water-line, in metres;
y = longitudinal distance from the midpoint of the pen to amidships, in metres; and
L = length between the perpendiculars of the ship in metres.
21.3.2 A floor support of a sheep pen that also forms a boundary of a lower pen must comply with 21.1, 21.2 and 21.3.1.
21.4 In respect of a livestock pen structure above the uppermost continuous deck, the requirements of 21.1, 21.2 and 21.3.1 may be dispensed with if the owner of a ship obtains the approval of the Manager, Ship Inspections, to calculations showing that the rails and stanchions of the pens and the pen floor and floor supports of those pens in that structure are capable of withstanding appropriate design forces using the criteria specified by the classification society responsible for approving the design of the structure.
21.5 The maximum stresses permissible for materials used in the construction of the boundaries and floors of a pen must not exceed the values specified in Table 4 when under the loads determined in accordance with 21.1, 21.3.1 and 21.4, as appropriate.
Table 4
| Material | Maximum permissible tensile stress | Maximum permissible shear stress |
| Steel | 0.75 x minimum yield stress | 50 per cent of maximum permissible tensile stress |
| Aluminium | 0.75 x 0.2 per cent proof stress | 50 per cent of maximum permissible tensile stress |
| Other | As specified by the Manager, Ship Inspections | As specified by the Manager, Ship Inspections |
22 Sheeparrangement of pens
22.1 A passageway must be provided on at least one side of each sheep pen.[30]
[30] To ensure adequate access by animals for feeding purposes, the passageway should be on the longest pen boundary.
22.2 The means of closing sheep access to a pen may be a gate or portable rails:
(a) capable of maintaining continuity of strength and the alignment of the adjoining boundary; and
(b) capable of being secured against accidental lifting or removal.
22.3 If sheep are to be moved between decks, a ramp must be provided that must:
(a) have a minimum clear width of 550 millimetres;
(b) have sides that are free from protrusions and that extend to a height of not less than 900 millimetres perpendicular to the ramp floor;
(c) be fitted with foot battens:
(i)of a minimum height of 25 millimetres and a minimum breadth of 10 millimetres with edges well rounded; and
(ii) spaced at regular intervals of not more than 300 millimetres, each end batten being not more than 100 millimetres from the end of the ramp; and
(d) have a gradient not exceeding 1 in 2.
22.4 If a lower tiered pen on a deck has a water or food receptacle adjacent to a passageway, the upper tiered pen must have fitted to the side adjoining the passageway, a vertical plate or board of a height not less than 225 millimetres that abuts the floor of the pen.[31]
[31] This provision is intended to prevent the fouling of food and water of livestock in lower tiers.
22.5 If pens are on an exposed deck, the uppermost pens must be fitted with a roof of a height that provides at least the minimum clear height specified in Table 3 for each pen and that is waterproof and extends not less than 450 millimetres beyond the deck area occupied by the pens.
22.6 Pens and stalls at the forward end of a livestock structure on or above the uppermost continuous deck and the feeding and watering arrangements provided for those pens and stalls must be effectively screened from sea spray. Suitable arrangements must be made to prevent the ingress of seawater to any part of the pens or stalls in any sea condition.[32]
[32] Spaces enclosed or partially enclosed to meet this requirement should be provided with a mechanical ventilation system in accordance with 3.2.1 of Appendix 4 or equivalent.
22.7.1 If pens are constructed in more than one tier on a deck, walkways must be provided so that no pen floor is at a height of more than 1.50 metres above the deck or a walkway.
23 Cattledesign of pens, stalls & passageways
23.1 Subject to 23.2, the construction of pens for cattle and of adjacent passageways must comply with the details specified in Table 5.
Table 5
| Detail of design | Dimension |
| Maximum breadth | 4.5 metres |
| Minimum breadth | 2.1 metres |
| Minimum length | 2.3 metres |
| Maximum clear floor area within pen | 21.0 sq metres |
| Maximum height of top edge of lowest rail above pen floor between pens | 600 millimetres |
| Detail of design | Dimension |
Minimum clear height within pen: | |
| (a) if a mechanical ventilation system is provided in accordance with Provision 12[33] | 1.8 metres |
| (b) in any other case | 2.3 metres |
| Minimum width of adjacent passageway, measured clear between rails, when pens are on both sides of the passageway and cattle are loaded and discharged through the pens |
|
| Minimum width of adjacent passageway, measured clear of any fixed structure, fittings, receptacles or obstruction (eg pillars, feed chutes, fixed fodder or water troughs), when pens are on both sides of the passageway and cattle are loaded and discharged through the pens |
|
| Minimum width of adjacent passageway, measured clear of any fixed obstructions, when pens are on both sides of the passageway and cattle are loaded and discharged through the passageway |
|
| Minimum width of adjacent passageway measured clear from rails, when pens are on one side only of the passageway[34] |
|
[33] Refer also to 3 of Appendix 4.
[34] Where such a passageway is required to service livestock any fixed obstruction must not reduce width below 0.7 m. If such a passageway is required for safe operation of the ship, refer to provision 15.4.
23.2 The height of the rails of a pen may be varied, with the approval of a surveyor, to the extent of 75 millimetres either way from those specified in Table 5.
23.3.1 Subject to 23.3.2, there must be a maximum clear space of 300 millimetres between the rails of a pen, or between the lowest rail and the pen floor, or between a rail and the overhead structure of the ship except that a rail need not be placed at a height of more than 1.40 metres.
23.3.2 If a water or food receptacle is fitted to the outside of a pen or if fodder is distributed on the floor outside a pen, a clear vertical space of not more than 500 millimetres, for the purpose of watering or feeding livestock in the pen, may be provided between adjacent pen rails on the side of the pen adjoining the passageway.
23.4 The clear floor area within a pen referred to in Table 5 is the area of the pen exclusive of any receptacle or other object or structure occupying any part of the area of the pen.
23.5 If cattle are to be carried in stalls, the design and dimensions of the stalls must comply with provision 27.1.
23.6 The deck within pens, passageways and ramps between decks must have a surface that provides a satisfactory non-slip foothold for the cattle.
23.7 The closing arrangement referred to in provision 16.2(c) must be a sliding gate capable of being quickly closed to control the movement of cattle from shore to ship and vice versa. Within the ship, sliding or swinging gates must be provided where necessary to control the movement of cattle to and from pens.
24 Cattlestrength of pen & stall fittings
24.1 Subject to 24.4, rails and stanchions forming a fore and aft boundary of a cattle pen must be capable of withstanding a load per metre length determined by the application of Formula 3, uniformly distributed up to the height of the top of the uppermost rail the centre of which is at a height of not more than 1.40 metres above the pen floor.[35]
[35] A rail, the centre of which is at a height of more than 1.40 metres above the pen floor, is not considered to be load bearing for the purposes of provision 24.1.
Formula 3
F = 3336 B (0.574 + 0.0252 Z) newtons per metre length
where: F = load per metre length of boundary;
B = maximum breadth of pen, in metres; and
Z = the vertical distance from a point 0.75 metre above the pen floor to the ship's water-line corresponding to the anticipated lightest load, in metres.
24.2 Rails and stanchions forming a boundary of a cattle pen, other than a fore and aft boundary referred to in 24.1, must be of substantially the same method of construction and of substantially the same scantlings as determined to be required for the fore and aft boundaries.
24.3.1 Subject to 24.4, any two-thirds of the area of the floor of a cattle pen must be capable of withstanding 100 per cent of the floor load, determined by the application of Formula 4, uniformly distributed over the area.
Formula 4
where: F = floor load, in newtons per square metre
d = draught of the ship corresponding to the anticipated lightest loaded water-line, in metres;
y = longitudinal distance from the midpoint of the pen to amidships, in metres; and
L = length between the perpendiculars of the ship in metres.
24.3.2 A floor support of a cattle pen that also forms a boundary of a pen on a lower deck, must comply with 24.1, 24.2 and 24.3.1.
24.4 In respect of a livestock pen structure above the uppermost continuous deck, the requirements of 24.1, 24.3.1 and 24.3.2 may be dispensed with if the owner of the ship obtains the approval of the Manager, Ship Inspections, to calculations showing that the rails and stanchions of the pens and the pen floor and floor supports of those pens in that structure are capable of withstanding appropriate design forces using the criteria specified by the survey authority or other classification society responsible for approving the design of the structure.
24.5 The maximum stresses permissible for materials used in the construction of the boundaries and floors of a pen must not exceed the values specified in Table 6 when under the loads determined in accordance with 24.1, 24.3.1 or 24.4, as appropriate.
Table 6
| Material | Maximum permissible tensile stress | Maximum permissible shear stress |
| Steel | 0.75 x minimum yield stress | 50 per cent of maximum permissible tensile stress |
| Aluminium | 0.75 x 0.2 per cent proof stress | 50 per cent of maximum permissible tensile stress |
| Other | As specified by the Manager, Ship Inspections | As specified by the Manager, Ship Inspections |
24.6 If cattle are to be carried in stalls, the stalls must be constructed in accordance with provision 27.1.
25 Cattlearrangement of pens & stalls
25.1.1 A passageway and means of access must be provided to facilitate the care and removal of animals.
25.1.2 Cattle stalls must be so arranged that access is provided to the rear of each stall.
25.2 The means of closing a cattle access to a pen or stall may be a gate or portable rails:
(a) capable of maintaining continuity of strength and the alignment of the adjoining boundary; and
(b) capable of being secured against accidental lifting or removal.
25.3 If cattle are to be moved between decks, a ramp must be provided that must:
(a) have a minimum clear width of 750 millimetres;
(b) have sides that:
(i) are free from protrusions;
(ii) extend to a height of not less than 1.40 metres perpendicular to the ramp floor; and
(iii) are panelled or sheathed to a height of not less than 1.20 metres perpendicular to the ramp floor;
(c) be fitted with foot battens:
(i) of a minimum height of 50 millimetres and a minimum breadth of 25 millimetres with edges well rounded; and
(ii) spaced at regular intervals of not more than 300 millimetres, each end batten being not more than 200 millimetres from the end of the ramp;
(d) have a gradient not exceeding 1 in 2; and
(e) have a personnel ramp adjacent to each cattle ramp as follows:
(i)having a minimum clear width of 500 mm;
(ii)having a 1 metre high guard rail on the side remote from the cattle ramp;
(iii) being provided with access at each deck that avoids as far as practicable personnel needing to cross the cattle race; and
(iv) being provided with foot battens or non-skid surface.
25.4 If pens or stalls are on an exposed deck, the uppermost pens or stalls must be fitted with a roof of a height that provides at least the minimum clear height required by provision 23 for each pen or stall and that is waterproof and extends not less than 450 millimetres beyond the deck area occupied by the pens or stalls.
25.5 Pens and stalls at the forward end of a livestock structure on or above the uppermost continuous deck and the feeding and watering arrangements provided for those pens and stalls must be effectively screened from sea spray. Suitable arrangements must be made to prevent the ingress of seawater to any part of the pens or stalls in any sea condition.[36]
[36] Spaces enclosed or partially enclosed to meet this requirement should be provided with a mechanical ventilation system in accordance with 3.2.1 of Appendix 4 or equivalent.
26 Horsesarrangements for carriage
Each horse carried must be in a separate stall except that, if accepted by an approved[37] veterinary officer prior to loading, horses may be carried in pens.
[37] The Manager, Ship Inspections, has approved for the purposes of provision 26 veterinary officers employed by the Australian Quarantine Inspection Service.
27 Horsesdesign of stalls, pens & passageways
27.1 The construction of stalls for horses and of adjacent passageways must comply with the details specified in Table 7, although dimensions marked * may, with the approval of a surveyor, be varied by up to 75 millimetres either way.
Table 7
| Detail of design | Species | Dimension |
| Maximum clear length within stall | (i) Horses | 2.50 metres* |
| Minimum clear length within stall | 2.30 metres* | |
Minimum clear passage: | ||
| (a) between 2 rows of stalls and bounded by the front rails | (i) Horses (ii) Mules or asses | 1.70 metres* 1.50 metres* |
| (b) between 2 rows of stalls and bounded by front and back rails | 1.20 metres* | |
| (c) in any other case | 1.00 metre* | |
Minimum clear breadth within stall: | ||
| (a) if the stall is aligned athwartships | 0.70 metres | |
| (b) if the stall is aligned fore and aft | 0.90 metres | |
| Height of uppermost front, back and side rail from floor to top edge |
| |
| Height of lowest front, back and side rail from floor to top edge |
|
27.2.1 The construction of pens for the carriage of horses must be in accordance with provision 23.
27.2.2 The clear height within a pen or stall for horses must be to the satisfaction of an approved veterinary officer.[38]
[38] The Manager, Ship Inspections, has approved for the purposes of provision 27.2.2. veterinary officers employed by the Australian Quarantine Inspection Service.
27.3 The closing arrangement referred to in provision 16.2 must be a sliding gate capable of being quickly closed to control the movement of horses from shore to ship and vice versa. Within the ship, sliding or swinging gates must be provided where necessary to control the movement of horses to and from pens.
28 Horsesstrength of stall & pen fittings
28.1 The rails and stanchions of a horse stall must be constructed of approved materials giving a strength not less than that of heavy gauge tubular steel pipe of 50 millimetres nominal bore.[39]
[39] Pipe complying with Australian Standard 1074 or an equivalent standard will be accepted for the purposes of 28.1.
28.2 A pen for the carriage of horses must be constructed in accordance with provision 24.
29 Horsesarrangement of stalls & pens
29.1 A passageway must be provided at the front of each horse stall and each stall or pen must be so arranged that access is provided to the rear of each horse.
29.2 The means of closing a horse access to a pen or stall, may be a gate or portable rails:
(a) capable of maintaining continuity of strength and the alignment of the adjoining boundary; and
(b) capable of being secured against accidental lifting or removal.
29.3 The floor of a stall or pen must be of adequate strength, so constructed as to facilitate drainage and cleaning and:
(a) if constructed of wood:
(i) in the case of a stall, must be boards close fitting at the front of the stall and spaced about 25 millimetres apart at the rear, effectively secured against lifting; and
(ii) foot battens of cross section not less than 50 millimetres by 50 millimetres with edges well rounded must be provided at the front and rear of the stall or pen;
(b) if constructed of concrete, the concrete must be well finished off to provide a non-slip surface and, if necessary, suitable standings[40] must be provided; and
[40] Standings are floor cushioning materials such as rubber strips or fibre matting.
(c) if constructed of metal mesh, the mesh must be made of rods having a diameter of approximately 9 millimetres placed to provide apertures of not more than 50 millimetres by 50 millimetres and suitable standings40 must be provided.
29.4 If horses are to be moved between decks, a ramp must be provided that must:
(a) have a minimum clear width of 750 millimetres;
(b) have panelled or sheathed sides that are free from protrusions and that extend to a height of not less than two metres perpendicular to the ramp floor; and
(c) be fitted with foot battens that are:
(i) of a minimum height of 50 millimetres and a minimum breadth of 25 millimetres with edges well rounded;
(ii) spaced at regular intervals of not more than 300 millimetres, each end batten being not more than 200 millimetres from the end of the ramp; and
(iii) have a gradient not exceeding 1 in 2.
29.5 If stalls or pens are on an exposed deck, the uppermost stalls or pens must be fitted with a roof of a height that provides at least the minimum clear height specified by provision 27 for each stall or pen and that is waterproof and extends not less than 450 millimetres beyond any part of a stall or pen referred to in 29.6.
29.6.1 A stall or pen on an exposed deck must:
(a) in the case of an outermost stall or pen, be fitted with protective sheathing on its outboard side; and
(b) in the case of a stall or pen the forward end of which would otherwise be exposed, be fitted with protective sheathing on its forward end.
29.6.2 Sheathing must effectively screen the stall or pen and its feeding and watering arrangements from sea spray, but must not exclude natural ventilation.[41]
[41] Sheathing may be portable if it is capable of being fitted from outside a stall or pen.
29.7 If the back of a stall forms a boundary of a passageway or another stall, a kick rail or board must be fitted to that end of the stall so that the clear space between rails or rail and board, does not exceed 150 millimetres.
29.8.1 Each horse must be fitted with a collar made of leather or other suitable material and, in each stall, two cross ties and suitable fastenings must be provided to enable a horse to be restrained from biting, rearing or attempting to jump from the stall.
29.8.2 If chain cross ties are provided for the purposes of 29.8.1, the master must ensure that a suitable set of bolt cutters is carried and is kept readily available.
This is a penal provision.
30 Goats
30.1 Subject to 30.2 and 30.3, the carriage of goats must be in accordance with provisions 20, 21 and 22.
30.2 If necessary for secure enclosures, further pen rails spaced at vertical intervals of not more than 300 millimetres must be provided to a height of 1.50 metres above the pen floor.
30.3 Space between the rails of a goat pen must be closed off with an effective means for the containment[42] of goats in the pen and food and water receptacles must be located inside the pen.
[42] Wire mesh is considered to be an effective means of containment. If goats are carried on the upper tier of a two tiered pen, wire mesh need not be used. Inspection by a surveyor of the means of containment is not required if the ship would not otherwise be subject to pre-loading inspection and the master confirms that the means of containment has been fitted to pens allocated to goats in a manner that has previously proved to be effective and has previously been accepted by a surveyor. Requests for acceptance of such arrangements should be made on the notice lodged in accordance with provision 7.2, including details of the voyage for which the arrangements were previously accepted. A log-book entry should also be made to record acceptance of arrangements on this basis.
31 Pigs
Requirements for the carriage of pigs are in accordance with provisions 20, 21 and 22.
32 Other species of livestock
32.1 If livestock other than sheep, cattle, horses, goats or pigs is to be carried, a stall or pen must be provided that:
(a) is capable of safely containing the livestock for the period of the voyage;
(b) is constructed having regard to the size and other characteristics and needs of the livestock to be carried; and
(c) is furnished with arrangements for the proper feeding, watering and tending of the livestock,
and other appropriate measures must be taken in conformity with the provisions of this Part to ensure the safety of the livestock and of persons in the vicinity of the livestock.
32.2 The arrangements provided under provision 32.1 must be approved by a surveyor prior to loading of the livestock.
33 Provision of hospital pens & stalls
33.1 If sheep, goats or pigs are carried, hospital pens must be provided corresponding to at least 0.25 per cent of the pen area available for the carriage of those species and, if the livestock is carried on more than one deck, the hospital pens must be distributed on each deck in proportion to livestock carried on that deck, as far as is practicable.
33.2 If cattle are carried, hospital pens must be provided, as far as practicable on each deck, equal to at least 1 per cent of the pen area available on that deck for the carriage of cattle. However, where the pen area for the carriage of cattle on a deck is less than 500 square metres, the hospital pen may be sited on an adjacent deck above or below, provided that the hospital pen is readily accessible to cattle transferred from one deck to the other, and the area of the hospital pen is not less than 1 per cent of the pen area available for the carriage of cattle on the decks it serves.
33.3 Subject to the approval of the Manager, Ship Inspections, the length and breadth of a hospital pen may be less than that specified by Table 3 or Table 5 provided that no side of a pen is less than 1.50 metres in length.
33.4.1 If horses are carried, a hospital stall must be provided in respect of each 20 horses or part thereof.
33.4.2 A hospital stall provided in accordance with 33.4.1 must be so located as to be readily accessible for the transfer of a horse.
33.5 If livestock other than sheep, cattle, horses, goats or pigs are carried, appropriate hospital pens or stalls must be provided.
33.6 Hospital pens or stalls provided in accordance with provision 33 must be constructed to the standard required for the species of livestock for which they are provided and must bear clear identification as spare pens or stalls.
33.7 Animals that are carried individually penned or stalled may be disregarded when calculating the number or area of hospital pens.
34 Carriage of livestock in portable equipment[43]
[43] In addition to the requirements of this Part, Marine Orders Parts 32 and 44 may have application in relation to portable equipment.
34.1 For the purposes of this Part, portable equipment is taken to include boxes, platforms and containers or other arrangements used to form pens or stall for the carriage of livestock. Portable equipment does not include a transport unit referred to in provision 35.3.
34.2 Portable equipment must not be used for the carriage of livestock unless it is approved.[44]
[44] Approval may be subject to conditions as to the use of the equipment such as the species of livestock which may be carried and the types of voyage on which the equipment may be used.
34.3.1 Portable equipment containing livestock must:
(a) be stowed in a position that enables the livestock to be suitably protected from the weather and not subject to the machinery exhausts;
(b) be stowed in a position that ensures suitable access to the equipment[45] and livestock;
[45] Suitable access to the equipment should be not less than 1.2 metres along the length of the equipment and in addition there should be at least 1.0 metre end clearance, when the equipment is end loaded.
(c) be secured to prevent movement;
(d) be adequately lit and ventilated;
(e) have adequate provision for cleaning and drainage; and
(f) have adequate provision for feeding and watering.
34.3.2 The arrangements provided under 34.3.1 are to be approved by a surveyor.
34.4 Portable equipment containing horses must be positioned so that the horses will stand facing athwartships.
35 Carriage of livestock on a short voyage
35.1 Provisions 10, 11, 14, 16, 19 and 33 do not apply to livestock carried on a short voyage.
35.2.1 Provisions 30, 31 and 32 do not apply to livestock carried on a short voyage except to the extent that they are relevant in determining the maximum number of livestock permitted to be carried in a pen.
35.2.2 The maximum number of livestock permitted to be carried in a pen and the required clear height in the pen is to be determined by an inspector of stock in the State or Territory of the port from which livestock is shipped. [46]
[46] Refer to Animal Welfare Standard No.8, Transport of livestock across Bass Strait, published by the Tasmanian Department of Primary Industries, Water and the Environment, with regard to stocking densities.
35.3 Provisions relating to the carriage of livestock in pens or in portable equipment, other than 34.3.1 and 35.4, do not apply to the carriage of livestock in the following transport units:
(a) registered road vehicle; or
(b) registered trailer or float; or
(c) portable stock crate mounted on a registered road vehicle; or
(d) any other transport unit accepted by a surveyor,
where livestock is carried in accordance with the laws of the State or Territory of the port from which livestock is shipped.
35.4 If livestock is contained in portable equipment, it is to be constructed or arranged so as to minimise:
(a) the possibility of livestock projecting their heads and limbs out of the equipment; and
(b) spillage of excrement to the deck of the ship and, when the livestock is carried in more than one tier, to lower tiers.
35.5.1 Sufficient water, distribution systems and receptacles are to be carried to enable livestock to be watered in the event of an unexpected delay to the ship.
35.5.2 Prior to loading, the shipper, or the driver of a road vehicle, must advise the master when livestock was last watered.
35.5.3 The master must ensure that stock is watered at least once in each period of 24 hours while on board.[47]
[47] Watering of livestock should be carried out at more frequent intervals if circumstances warrant such action. Fodder is not required.
This is a penal provision.
35.6.1 Livestock must be provided with adequate flow through ventilation in close proximity above and or below the containment unit.
35.6.2 Openings in portable equipment, specifically provided for ventilation, are to be so placed as to prevent direct draughts on the livestock.
35.6.3 Road transport vehicles which have inadequate flow through ventilation capability when stationary are not to be used for sea transport.
35.6.4 The master must ensure that when livestock is carried on enclosed decks in Ro-Ro ships the ventilation system is run continuously.
35.6.5 A horse float[48] must have openings to the front and rear, each measuring not less than 0.4 of a square metre.
[48] Mares with small foals at foot are not to be transported in floats, unless the foals are denied access to doors if secured open for ventilation purposes.
35.6.6 Portable equipment units for the carriage of horses must have an opening in both front and rear or in both sides, each opening being not less than 0.4 of a square metre.
35.7 The master of the ship must ensure that road vehicles and horse floats are properly stowed and secured in accordance with provision 34.3.1.[49]
[49] The master should take account of inclement weather before proceeding to sea with livestock on board.
This is a penal provision.
36 Disposal of dead livestock
36.1 The master of a ship must ensure that the carcass of any dead livestock is disposed of in accordance with the requirements of Annex V of MARPOL 73/78.
This is a penal provision.
36.2 The master of a ship must ensure that no carcass of any dead livestock is disposed of at sea within 100 nautical miles of nearest land unless the carcass has been passed through a comminuter or grinder or has been slit to the extent that the
average mass of livestock carried x livestock shift constant
floor area required per head of livestock x displacement
where:
average mass of livestock carried means the average mass of livestock to be carried on the intended voyage;
floor area required per head of livestock means the floor area required per head of average mass of the livestock to be carried on the intended voyage; and
livestock shift constant is:
For ships with uniform breadth of pens, the livestock ship constant becomes:
1/6 (breadth of pen x total floor area of pens).
For ships with varying breadths of pens, the largest breadth may be used and the livestock shift constant becomes:
1/6 (maximum breadth of pen x total floor area of pens).
1.1.2 The heeling lever due to the shift of livestock at 40° is to be given by:
0.8 (heeling lever due to the shift of livestock at 0°).
1.1.3 The heeling lever curve is to be taken as a straight line joining the heeling lever at 0° and the heeling lever at 40°.
1.2 Shift of fodder criteria
1.2.1 The heeling lever due to the shift of fodder in pellet form carried in bulk at 0° is to be given by:
total shift moment of fodder
stowage factor of fodder x displacement
where total shift moment means the sum of the shift moment of each compartment which is to be given by 0.044 lb3 where:
l is the maximum length of the compartment; and
b is the maximum breadth of the compartment.
The use of volumetric shift moments for the fodder, where the surface is assumed to take up an angle of slope of 15° to the horizontal for full compartments and 25° to the horizontal for partly filled compartments, is an acceptable alternative method to obtain the total shift moment of fodder.
1.2.2 The heeling lever due to the shift of fodder in pellet form carried in bulk at 40° is to be given by:
0.8 (heeling lever due to the shift of fodder at 0°).
1.2.3 The heeling lever curve is to be taken as a straight line joining the heeling lever at 0° and the heeling lever at 40°.
1.3 Effect of wind criteria
1.3.1 The heeling lever due to the effect of wind at 0° is to be given by:
PAH
displacement
where:
P (wind pressure) is 0.05 tonnes/m2;
A is the lateral area of the ship above the waterline in square metres; and
H is the vertical distance between the centroid of the lateral area of the ship above the waterline and the centroid of the ship's underwater lateral area.[51]
[51] For many ships the vertical position of the centroid of the underwater lateral area may be taken at half the draft to the underside of the keel at amidships.
1.3.2 The heeling lever due to the effect of wind at 40° is to be given by:
0.8 (heeling lever due to the effect of wind at 0°)
1.3.3 The heeling lever curve is to be taken as a straight line joining the heeling lever at 0° and the heeling lever at 40°.
1.4 Illustration of stability requirements
where:
OW is the heeling lever at 0° due to wind
WW1 is the heeling lever curve due to wind;
WL is the heeling lever at 0° due to the shift of livestock;
LL1 is the heeling lever curve due to the combined effects of the wind and the shift of livestock;
LF is the heeling lever at 0° due to the effect of shift of fodder;[52]
[52] If fodder is not pellet feed carried in bulk, the heeling lever due to shift of fodder will be zero.
FF1 is the heeling lever curve due to the combined effects of wind and the shift of livestock and fodder; and
q is the angle of heel due to wind.
2 Information to be provided on a Ship
2.1 Livestock shift constant
2.1.1 The livestock shift constant is to be determined for all conditions of pen utilisation that may arise in practice unless the maximum value is used for all calculations.
2.1.2 This constant will vary for different configurations of pen utilisation, for example, where cattle are carried the constant will be different to the constant applicable where sheep are carried.
2.2 Heeling moment for fodder
The heeling moment for each compartment is to be determined separately unless the greatest heeling moment for all compartments added together is provided: that is, the total heeling moment for the worst condition of stability.
2.3 Wind effect
The values of A and H will vary with the draft of the ship. Values therefore are to be provided for the range of drafts that may occur in practice or alternatively the wind effect may be given in tabular or graphical form.
3 Method of Calculation
3.1 The following example of calculations required to demonstrate compliance is given for information only. Other methods for demonstrating compliance may be used.
3.2 Information required
Livestock shift constant = C (from ship's information)
Average mass of livestock per animal = m (from shipper's declaration)
Floor area per animal = f (from appropriate table in Part 43)
Fodder heeling moment = F (from ship's information)
Stowage factor of fodder = S (from shipper's declaration)
Wind pressure = P (0.05 tonnes/m2)
Lateral area of the ship above the waterline = A (from ship's information)
Vertical separation of centroids = H (from ship's information)
Displacement = D (from ship's information)
GM = GM (from ship's information)
3.3 Calculation
Livestock:
Fodder:
Wind:
Angle of heel due to wind:
Angle of heel =
3.4 Comparison with stability criteria
(a)Check that area under righting lever curve is not less than 3.15 metre-degrees up to 30° angle of heel and not less than 5.16 metre-degrees up to 40° angle of heel or angle of flooding if this angle is less than 40°.
(b)Check that area under righting lever curve between the angles of heel of 30° and 40° or between 30° and angle of flooding, if this angle is less than 40°, is not less than 1.72 metre-degrees.
(c)Check that righting lever GZ is at least 0.20 metres at an angle of heel equal to or greater than 30°.
(d)Check that maximum righting lever occurs at an angle of heel 25° or greater.
(e)Check that initial metacentric height GM is not less than 0.15 metres.
(f)Check that angle of heel due to wind effect is not more than 10°.
(g)Check that area A is not less than [1.03 metre-degrees + 0.2 area (A+B)].
* * * * * *
Appendix 4
Provision of livestock services
1 General
Provision 12 provides that a ship permanently equipped for the carriage of livestock must be fitted with systems and equipment that ensure the maintenance of livestock services at a level necessary for the welfare of the livestock. Compliance with this Appendix will meet this requirement.
However, as an alternative, an operator may demonstrate adequate redundancy in systems and equipment by supplying to the Manager, Ship Inspections, a risk analysis of the systems involved. In particular, ships constructed on or before 31 December 2001, or for which application is made for an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock before 31 December 2001, may until the end of 2006 meet the requirement by complying with provisions 13, 14, 15, 16, 19 and 20 of Issue 4 of Marine Orders Part 43 (as applied by provisions 2.2.3, 2.2.4 and 2.2.5 of that Issue).
2 Sources of electrical power for livestock ships
2.1 Main source
The ship’s main source of power, as defined in Regulation 41 of Chapter II-1 of SOLAS should, in addition to being able to supply the services defined in Regulation 40.1.1 under the conditions specified in Regulation 41, be able to supply power to the livestock services under those same conditions.
2.2 Secondary source
The secondary source of power should meet the following:
(a) it should be located in a space that is not contiguous with any space containing the main source of power or part thereof, and be independent of any services provided from or through any such space;
(b) the prime mover should be capable of being started readily by an effective arrangement powered by an independent source of energy. The independent source of energy should have sufficient capacity to be able to fully recharge the starting arrangement within 30 minutes[53];
[53] The emergency source of power required by SOLAS II-1/43.1.1 may be used to power the starting arrangement in accordance with SOLAS II-1/43.1.4 provided that the emergency source of power at all times complies with SOLAS II-1/43.2 and the ship’s classification society approves the arrangement.
(c) it must be capable of supplying power to livestock services for a period of three days in case of a fire or other casualty in any space containing the main source of power or any part thereof;
(d) it must at all times be maintained in a condition acceptable to the ship's classification society;
(e) the secondary source of power, all associated ancillaries and electrical systems associated with livestock services should comply with Regulation 45 of Chapter II-1 of SOLAS and meet the requirements of the ship's classification society for electrical systems; and
(f) instructions should be provided for the changeover between main and secondary sources of power and vice-versa. A copy of such instructions should be posted in the space containing the livestock source of power, and should be readable under the emergency lighting required by Regulation 43.2.2 of Chapter II-1 of SOLAS. The instructions should detail, among other things, starting method, switchboard changeover and electrical supply changeover to livestock services.
3 Ventilation
3.1.1 An enclosed space for the carriage of livestock should be provided with a mechanical ventilation system of sufficient capacity to change the air of that space in its entire volume as follows:
(a) if the minimum clear height of the space is 2.30 metres or more, not less than once every three minutes;
(b) if the minimum clear height of the space is 1.80 metres, not less than once every two minutes; and
(c) if the minimum clear height of the space is between 2.30 metres and 1.80 metres, at a rate proportional to those specified above.
3.1.2 For the purposes of 3.1.1, the volume of an enclosed space includes all that space contained between the ship's side plating, bulkheads, tank top or decks enclosing the space, less the volume of any tanks or trunks that are airtight within the space and no deduction is to be made in respect of space occupied by livestock, pens or other livestock fittings.
3.2.1 A space for the carriage of livestock that is not enclosed should be provided with a mechanical ventilation system if:
(a) the space, being a structure having an arrangement of pens on more than one deck level, has a breadth greater than 20 metres; or
(b) because of a partial enclosure of the space, the natural ventilation is restricted.
3.2.2 On ships constructed or converted on or after 27 May 2004, any mechanical ventilation system referred to in 3.2.1 should be capable of providing 100 per cent of the relevant capacity in 3.1.1. On all other ships, any mechanical ventilation system referred to in 3.2.1 should be capable of providing 75 per cent of the relevant capacity in 3.1.1.
3.2.3 In determining capacity for the purpose of 3.2.2, the volume of a space referred to in 3.2.1 includes all that space contained between the extremities of a pen structure including passageways on the outboard sides or ends of the structure, less the volume of any tanks or trunks that are airtight within the pen structure and no deduction is to be made in respect of space occupied by livestock, pens or other livestock fittings.
3.3 A mechanical ventilation system should distribute air so as to ensure that the whole of each livestock space is efficiently ventilated. On ships constructed or converted on or after 27 May 2004, the mechanical ventilation system should be capable of provided a minimum air velocity across any part of a pen from a source of supply of not less than 0.5 metres per second.[54]
[54] A lower air velocity may be accepted in some areas of the pen where a solid structure or the ship’s side impedes the immediate flow. However, these areas should not exceed 4% of the area of any pen.
3.4 Appropriate measures must be taken by the operator to ensure that air supplied to livestock spaces is as clean and fresh as practicable and that adequate separation measures are taken to ensure minimal recirculation of intake and exhaust air. Exhaust air outlets must be sited clear of the accommodation.[55]
[55] The use of a vertical high velocity exhaust system may aid in the reduction of the recirculation of exhaust and intake air.
3.5 Ventilators serving livestock spaces must remain open in all weather conditions while livestock are on board.[56]
[56] The Load Line Convention requires ventilators serving spaces below the freeboard deck, or serving enclosed superstructure decks, which can be left open in all weather conditions to be at least 4.5 metres above the deck if situated on exposed superstructure decks within L/4 from the forward perpendicular, exposed freeboard decks and raised quarter decks, and at least 2.3 metres above if situated elsewhere.
3.6 If a mechanical ventilation system is fitted, adequate spare parts[57] should be carried on the ship to enable the replacement of defective fans.[58]
[57] ‘Adequate spare parts’ should be interpreted as including for each type of fan: one set of bearings; one rotor or impeller; and one complete motor.
[58] If a mechanical ventilation system provides an air change in excess of that specified in this Part, fans providing that excess may be accepted in place of the spares required by 3.6, provided the distribution of air will remain efficient.
3.7 In order to achieve an adequate level of redundancy, it is suggested that fan group starter panels be located in at least two locations, with the operation of fans from either panel being able to effectively ventilate the required livestock spaces. Electrical supplies from both main and secondary sources of power should be supplied to each group starter panel, with both supplies being as widely separated as practicable and neither passing through any space containing any part of the other source of power. Interlocks at each group starter should prevent simultaneous supply by both sources of power.
4 Lighting
4.1 Livestock spaces, passageways between pens and access routes between or to those spaces should be adequately lit.
4.2 Guidance may be obtained from Australian Standard AS1680. Generally however, a minimum lighting level of 20 lux is acceptable for areas of general movement and duties such as feeding and watering livestock, while an illumination level of 110 lux is needed for close examination of livestock.
4.3 An emergency lighting system that is automatically activated on the failure of the main electrical installation should be provided in all parts of a ship where livestock is carried, passageways between pens and access routes between or from those parts, and should be capable of giving a level of illumination of not less than 8 lux in all passageways and access routes for a continuous period of not less than 15 minutes.[59]
[59] The lamp casings on light fittings for the emergency lighting system should be painted red for ease of identification.
4.4 If fixed lighting is provided in a part of a ship above the uppermost continuous deck, that lighting must be capable of being controlled from the navigating bridge.
4.5 Light fittings must be waterproof and:
(a) of sufficient strength to resist damage by livestock; or
(b) placed beyond possible contact by livestock.
4.6 It is acceptable for ships that were permanently fitted for the carriage of livestock and had carried livestock from Australia before 1 July 1983 to be equipped with emergency hand lamps instead of an emergency lighting system referred to in 4.2.
5 Electrical Equipment for use in dust laden atmospheres
5.1 Areas where flammable dusts may be present (such as spaces used for the storage or handling of bulk fodder) must be classified in accordance with Australian Standard AS 61241.3 (IEC 61241-3:1997). Electrical equipment to be installed in spaces so categorised must be selected, installed, certified and maintained in compliance with Australian Standards AS 2381.1 and AS 61241.1.2 (IEC 61241-1-2:1999).
5.2 Lighting, or power points for portable lighting, in a space used for carriage of fodder in bulk, should be controlled by switches situated on the navigating bridge or at the fodder-handling machinery control station and indicator lights should be provided to show when power is supplied to the lighting or power points.
6 Drainage
6.1 Provision should be made for effectively draining fluids from each pen in which livestock is to be carried, under any expected conditions of trim by the head or by the stern, except that drainage is not required from the upper tier of sheep pens of ships constructed or converted before 27 May 2004 unless necessary to comply with 6.6 of this Appendix.
6.2 Drainage arrangements should be such that fluids drained from a pen are as far as practicable kept clear of other pens and associated working and access spaces.
6.3 A pump or eductor for a drainage tank or well should:
(a) be capable of handling semi-solid matter;
(b) evacuate the tank or well by lines other than the ship's bilge lines; and
(c) be powered from both the main and secondary sources of power.
6.4 Essential drainage tanks, wells and the top of drainage pipes in a ship should be accessible from outside livestock pens for the purpose of inspection and cleaning.
6.5 A drainage channel and the top of a drainage pipe should be covered by a strainer plate if:
(a) it is located inside a pen and could, if uncovered, cause injury to an animal; or
(b) it is located in a passageway and could, if uncovered, cause injury to a person.
This may require a holding tank to prevent accumulation of effluent in the livestock spaces while in port.[60]
[60] Effluent or effluent contaminated water must not be intentionally discharged from a ship while the ship is within the limits of an Australian port.
6.6 For all new ships, and existing ships after 27 September 2008, a holding tank or treatment plant is to be provided, complying with Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78, to treat, store and discharge effluent in accordance with that Annex. The holding tank is to be of sufficient storage capacity:
(a) to ensure that effluent is not discharged in contravention with Annex IV of MARPOL 73/78; and
(b) to retain on board all effluent generated while the ship is in areas for which discharge is prohibited, such as in port and within 12 nautical miles of nearest land.[61]
[61] For the purposes of plan assessment, the effluent produced will be assumed to be the total of fodder consumption and the water consumption based on the daily allowance for the maximum expected time for the ship to be operating in waters for which discharge is prohibited.
6.7 For the purpose of 6.6:
(a) an existing ship is a ship:
(i) built or converted before 27 September 2003;
(ii) in respect of which an Australian Certificate for the Carriage of Livestock has been issued prior to 27 May 2004; and
(iii) the operator of which has not changed since 27 May 2004; and
(b) a new ship is a ship that is not an existing ship.
6.8 All equipment fitted to meet the requirements of 6.6 must be capable of being operated by both the primary and the secondary sources of power.
7 Fodder & Water arrangements[62]
[62] For the issue of an ACCL the ability of a ship to provide an emergency water reserve from the ship’s tanks will be assessed on the basis of a requirement of 36 litres per square metre of pen area per day for cattle and 6 litres per head per day for sheep. If the capacity of the usable tanks is such that a ship has three days supply in the tanks, any fresh water generator fitted to the ship need not be supplied from both primary and secondary source of power.
7.1 A storage and efficient distribution system should be provided to supply fresh drinking water to livestock at all times while livestock are on board. If it is an automatic system, it should be so constructed as to:
(a) minimise, by control of the level of water, any spillage from a receptacle; and
(b) prevent the return of water from a receptacle to the freshwater tank.
7.2 The master should ensure that each tank used for the storage of drinking water for livestock is maintained in good condition to ensure that the water is not contaminated.
7.3 In order to achieve a satisfactory level of redundancy, the following are required:
(a) water which may include the output from a fresh water generator, provided it can be powered by both the main and secondary sources of power and can continue to operate despite a fire or other casualty in the space containing the main source of power;
(b) at least two pumps for distribution of water supplies should be provided. One may be located in the space occupied by the main source of power and supplied by that source of power. The other should be able to maintain supply despite a fire or other casualty affecting the space occupied by the main source of power; and
(c) if the fodder distribution system is dependant on electric power, the system must be capable of being powered by both the main and secondary sources of supply.
7.4 Fodder in pelletised or other concentrated form supplied to a ship should be accompanied by a certificate from the pellet manufacturer stating the average temperature and moisture content of the pellets as delivered alongside the ship and certifying that the pellets were manufactured in accordance with the National Pellet Standards issued by the Livestock Exporters’ Industry Advisory Council.
7.5.1 Each pen, stall or similar fitting should be provided with receptacles for feeding and watering of livestock and, except where the fodder or water is provided by an automatic system, the receptacles must be capable of containing at least 33 per cent of the daily allowance of fodder[63] and water[64] for the number of animals contained in the pen, stall or fitting.
[63] For the purposes of approval of the receptacle only, the daily allowance fodder is to be taken as 5.7kg per m2 of pen space for cattle and 4.8kg per m2 of pen area for sheep and goats (irrespective of age).
[64] For the purposes of approval of the receptacle only, the daily allowance for water to be calculated on the basis of a requirement of 36 litres per square metre of pen area per day for cattle and 6 litres per head per day for sheep.
7.5.2 A feeding receptacle is not required for a pen containing cattle, provided:
(a) the pen adjoins a passageway and the cattle can conveniently consume hay distributed on the floor of the passageway; and
(b) urine, faeces and water used in washing any pen is prevented from fouling the passageway.
7.6.1 A receptacle provided in accordance with 7.5.1 should be:
(a) suitable for the species of livestock;
(b) readily accessible to the livestock;
(c) capable of being serviced from outside the pen, stall or other fitting;
(d) so installed as to not impede ventilation; and
(e) so constructed and positioned, that fodder dust is not disturbed by the flow of ventilation.
In respect of adult sheep the top of a trough used as a water or fodder receptacle should be approximately 550 millimetres above the pen floor.
7.6.2 A pipe or rounded bar should be provided in a pen where the trough is not portable in order to minimise fouling of the trough. The pipe or bar should be at a suitable height to prevent or minimise fouling of the trough and at a horizontal distance of 75 millimetres (in a pen designed for sheep) or 150 millimetres (in a pen designed for cattle) or more from the edge of the trough.
7.7 Automatic feeding and watering systems should, if practicable, be set up and capable of supplying water and fodder in accordance with this Part before livestock are loaded. Irrespective of the systems used, water and fodder should be provided to livestock not later than 12 hours after loading has commenced.
7.8 Fodder other than hay stored in bulk in a ship on which conversion or construction for the carriage of livestock commenced after 1 July 1983, should be carried in not less than two separate spaces on the ship.
7.9 The master should ensure that fodder in storage or in feeding receptacles is kept in a dry state, protected from the weather and sea.[65]
[65] Pelletised food is, depending on moisture content, liable to spontaneous combustion. Guide-lines cannot be given as to the level of moisture that causes this reaction in individual types of pellets. Masters and others concerned are advised to ensure that the moisture content of pellets is within the product specification and to avoid loading pellets in wet weather conditions.
7.10 Fodder may be stored in an enclosed livestock space if it does not interfere with the ventilation, lighting, drainage and passageway provisions of this Part. Fodder stowed on an open deck, whether on pallets, in containers or otherwise, should be secured to prevent movement prior to proceeding to sea.
(a) if the offender is an individual—a fine not exceeding 20 penalty units; or
(b) if the offender is a body corporate—a fine not exceeding 50 penalty units.
A penalty unit is currently $110.
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