Manual of Standards Part 139 Aerodromes (Cth)
| Manual of Standards Part 139—Aerodromes |
| VERSION 1.8: FEBRUARY 2012 Made under Part 139 of the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998. This compilation was prepared on 4 February 2012 taking into account amendments up to Manual of Standards Part 139 Amendment 2012 (No. 1). Prepared by the Airways and Aerodromes Branch, Airspace and Aerodrome Regulation Division, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, Canberra. |
| Manual of Standards Part 139—Aerodromes © Copyright Australian Government 2012 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to the Document Control Officer, Infrastructure and Information Management Branch, Civil Aviation Safety Authority, GPO Box 2005, Canberra ACT 2601 or posted to [email protected]. You should always refer to the applicable provisions of the Civil Aviation Act, Civil Aviation Regulations and Civil Aviation Orders, rather than this manual, to ascertain the requirements of, and the obligations imposed by or under, the civil aviation legislation. Version 1.8: February 2012 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Section 1.1: General
1.1.1 Commencement and Background
1.1.2 Document Set
1.1.3 Differences Between ICAO Standards and those in MOS
1.1.4 Differences published in AIP
1.1.5 MOS Documentation Change Management
1.1.6 Related Documents
Section 1.2: Definitions
CHAPTER 2: APPLICATION OF STANDARDS TO AERODROMES
Section 2.1: General
2.1.1 Legislative Background and Applicability
2.1.2 Standard Changes and Existing Aerodrome Facilities
2.1.3 Exemptions to Standards
2.1.4 Conflict with Other Standards
2.1.5 Using ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code to Specify Standards
2.1.6 Aerodrome Reference Codes and Aeroplane Characteristics
2.1.7 Providing for Future Larger Aeroplanes
2.1.8 Non-instrument and Instrument Runways
2.1.9 Non-precision Approach Runways
CHAPTER 3: APPLYING FOR AN AERODROME CERTIFICATE
Section 3.1: General
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.2 Aerodrome Certificate Processing Fee
3.1.3 Processing an Aerodrome Certificate Application
3.1.4 Granting of an Aerodrome Certificate
3.1.5 Maintenance and Control of Aerodrome Manual
3.1.6 Initiating NOTAM to Promulgate a Certified Aerodrome
3.1.7 Transitional Arrangements for Existing Aerodrome Licences
Section 3.2: Application for an Aerodrome Certificate
3.2.1 Sample Aerodrome Certificate Application
CHAPTER 4: APPLYING TO REGISTER AN AERODROME
Section 4.1: General
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.2 Aerodrome Registration Application and Processing Fee
4.1.3 Approving a Registration Application
4.1.4 Maintenance of Registration
4.1.5 Aerodrome Safety Inspection Report
Section 4.2: Application to Register an Aerodrome
4.2.1 Application to Register an Aerodrome
CHAPTER 5: AERODROME INFORMATION FOR AIP
Section 5.1: General
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.2 Aerodrome Information to be Provided for a Certified Aerodrome
5.1.3 Standards for Determining Aerodrome Information
5.1.4 Obstacle Data
Section 5.2: Illustration of Declared Distances
5.2.1 Introduction
5.2.2 Calculation of Declared Distances
5.2.3 Obstacle-free Take-off Gradient
5.2.4 Critical Obstacle
5.2.5 Declared Distances for Intersection Departures
Section 5.3: Illustration of Supplementary Take-Off Distances Available and Shielding
5.3.1 Introduction
CHAPTER 6: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Section 6.1: General
6.1.1 Introduction
Section 6.2: Runways
6.2.1 Location of Runway Threshold
6.2.2 Length of Runway
6.2.3 Runway Width
6.2.4 Runway Turning Area
6.2.5 Parallel Runways
6.2.6 Runway Longitudinal Slope
6.2.7 Runway Sight Distance
6.2.8 Transverse Slopes on Runways
6.2.9 Runway Surface
6.2.10 Runway Bearing Strength
6.2.11 Runway Shoulders
6.2.12 Characteristics of Runway Shoulders
6.2.13 Transverse Slope on Runway Shoulder
6.2.14 Surface of Runway Shoulder
6.2.15 Provision of Runway Strip
6.2.16 Composition of Runway Strip
6.2.17 Runway Strip Length
6.2.18 Runway Strip Width
6.2.19 Longitudinal Slope on Graded Area of Runway Strip
6.2.20 Longitudinal Slope Changes on Graded Area of Runway Strip
6.2.21 Runway Strip Longitudinal Slope Changes at Runway Ends (Radio Altimeter Operating Area)
6.2.22 Runway Strip Transverse Slope
6.2.23 Surface of Graded Area of Runway Strip
6.2.24 Objects on Runway Strips
6.2.25 Runway End Safety Area (RESA)
6.2.26 Dimensions of RESA
6.2.27 Slopes on RESA
6.2.28 Objects on RESA
6.2.29 Bearing Strength of RESA
6.2.30 Clearways
6.2.31 Location of Clearways
6.2.32 Dimensions of Clearways
6.2.33 Slopes on Clearways
6.2.34 Objects on Clearways
6.2.35 Stopways
6.2.36 Dimensions of Stopways
6.2.37 Surface of Stopway
6.2.38 Stopway Slopes and Slope Changes
6.2.39 Bearing Strength of Stopway
Section 6.3: Taxiways
6.3.1 Taxiway Width
6.3.2 Taxiway Edge Clearance
6.3.3 Taxiway Curves
6.3.4 Taxiway Longitudinal Slope
6.3.5 Taxiway Transverse Slope
6.3.6 Taxiway Sight Distance
6.3.7 Taxiway Bearing Strength
6.3.8 Taxiway Shoulders
6.3.9 Width of Taxiway Shoulders
6.3.10 Surface of Taxiway Shoulders
6.3.11 Taxiway Strips
6.3.12 Width of Taxiway Strip
6.3.13 Width of Graded Area of Taxiway Strip
6.3.14 Slope of Taxiway Strip
6.3.15 Objects on Taxiway Strip
6.3.16 Taxiways on Bridges
6.3.17 Taxiway Minimum Separation Distances
Section 6.4: Holding Bays, Runway-Holding Positions, Intermediate Holding Positions and Road-Holding Positions
6.4.1 Introduction
6.4.2 Provision of a Holding Bay, Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position and Road-holding Position
6.4.3 Location of Holding Bay, Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position or Road-holding Position
6.4.4 Distance from Runway-holding Position, Intermediate Holding Position or Road-holding Position to Runway Centreline
Section 6.5: Aprons
6.5.1 Location of Apron
6.5.2 Separation Distances on Aprons
6.5.3 Slopes on Aprons
6.5.4 Apron Bearing Strength
6.5.5 Apron Road
Section 6.6: Jet Blast
6.6.1 General
6.6.2 Jet Blast and Propeller Wash Hazards
Section 6.7: Glider Facilities
6.7.1 Location of Glider Runway Strips
6.7.2 Dimensions of Glider Runway Strips
6.7.3 Glider Parking Areas
6.7.4 Glider Runway Strip Serviceability
6.7.5 Glider Runway Strip Standards
6.7.6 Notification of Glider Facilities and Procedures
CHAPTER 7: OBSTACLE RESTRICTION AND LIMITATION
Section 7.1: General
7.1.1 Introduction
7.1.2 Obstacle Restriction
7.1.3 Obstacle Limitation
7.1.4 Procedures for Aerodrome Operators to Deal with Obstacles
7.1.5 Objects Outside the OLS
7.1.6 Objects That Could Become Obstacles
7.1.7 Monitoring of Obstacles Associated with Instrument Runways
7.1.8 Additional Obstacle Assessment for an Existing Non-instrument Runway to be Upgraded to a Non-precision Instrument Runway
7.1.9 Obstacle Protection for Curved Take-Off
Section 7.2: Aerodrome Obstacle Charts
7.2.1 Type A Charts
7.2.2 Type B Charts
7.2.3 Type C Charts
7.2.4 Precision Approach Terrain Charts – ICAO
Section 7.3: Obstacle Limitation Surfaces
7.3.1 General
7.3.2 Description of OLS
Section 7.4: Principles of Shielding
7.4.1 General
7.4.2 Shielding Principles
CHAPTER 8: VISUAL AIDS PROVIDED BY AERODROME MARKINGS, MARKERS, SIGNALS AND SIGNS
Section 8.1: General
8.1.1 Introduction
8.1.2 Closed Aerodrome
8.1.3 Colours
8.1.4 Visibility
Section 8.2: Markers
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 The Use of Markers on a Runway Strip
8.2.3 The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Runway
8.2.4 The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Taxiway
8.2.5 The Use of Markers on an Unsealed Apron
Section 8.3: Runway Markings
8.3.1 General
8.3.2 Pre-runway-end Markings
8.3.3 Runway Centreline Markings
8.3.4 Runway Designation Markings
8.3.5 Runway End Markings
8.3.6 Runway Side-stripe Markings
8.3.7 Aiming Point Markings
8.3.7A Touchdown Zone Marking
8.3.8 Runway Threshold Markings
8.3.9 Temporarily Displaced Threshold Markings
8.3.10 Runway Land and Hold Short Position Markings
Section 8.4: Taxiway Markings
8.4.1 Introduction
8.4.2 Taxi Guideline Markings
8.4.3 Runway Holding Position Markings
8.4.4 Intermediate Holding Position Markings
8.4.5 Taxiway Edge Markings
8.4.6 Holding Bay Markings
8.4.7 Taxiway Pavement Strength Limit Markings
Section 8.5: Apron Markings
8.5.1 Introduction
8.5.2 Apron Taxi Guideline Markings
8.5.3 Apron Edge Markings
8.5.4 Parking Clearance Line
8.5.5 Aircraft Type Limit Line
8.5.6 Parking Weight Limit Line
8.5.7 Leased Area Line
8.5.8 Equipment Clearance Line
8.5.9 Equipment Storage Markings
8.5.10 Apron Service Road Markings
8.5.11 Aircraft Parking Position Markings
8.5.12 Lead-in Line
8.5.13 Taxi Lead-in Line Designation
8.5.14 Pilot Turn Line
8.5.15 Primary Aircraft Parking Position Markings
8.5.16 Marshaller Stop Line
8.5.17 Pilot Stop Line
8.5.18 Alignment Line
8.5.19 Secondary Aircraft Parking Position Markings
8.5.20 Keyhole Marking
8.5.21 Triangle Marking
8.5.22 Lead-out Line
8.5.23 Designation Markings
8.5.24 Aircraft Parking Position Designation
8.5.25 Designation Characters for Taxi and Apron Markings
8.5.26 Tug operator Guidance Marking
8.5.27 Aircraft Push-back Lines
8.5.28 Tug Parking Position Lines
8.5.29 Towbar Disconnect Markings
8.5.30 Push-back Limit Markings
8.5.31 Push-back Alignment Bars
8.5.32 Passenger Path Markings
8.5.33 Typical Apron Markings
Section 8.6: Movement Area Guidance Signs (MAGS)
8.6.1 Introduction
8.6.2 Naming of taxiways
8.6.3 Dimensions, Location and Lettering
8.6.4 Sign Size and Location Distances, Including Runway Exit Signs
8.6.5 Structural
8.6.6 Illumination
8.6.7 MAGS with Mandatory Instructions
8.6.8 Runway Designation Signs
8.6.9 Category I, II or III Runway Designation Signs
8.6.10 Runway Holding Position Sign
8.6.11 Aircraft NO ENTRY Sign
8.6.12 Vehicular STOP Signs
8.6.13 Runway/Runway Intersection Signs
8.6.14 MAGS with Information
8.6.15 Taxiway Location Signs
8.6.16 Direction Signs
8.6.17 Destination Signs
8.6.18 Take-off Run Available Sign
8.6.19 Runway Exit Signs
8.6.20 LAHSO Distance To Go Signs
Section 8.7: Wind Direction Indicators
8.7.1 Requirements
8.7.2 Standards
Section 8.8: Ground Signals
8.8.1 Signal Areas
8.8.2 Ground Signals in Signal Area
Section 8.9: Marking of Unserviceable and Work Areas
8.9.1 Introduction
8.9.2 Marking of Unserviceable Areas on Runways, Taxiways and Aprons
8.9.3 Use of Unserviceability Markers
8.9.4 Works Limit Markers
Section 8.10: Obstacle Markings
8.10.1 General
8.10.2 Marking of Obstacles
8.10.3 Marking of Temporary and Transient Obstacles
8.10.4 Marking of Vehicles
Section 8.11: Helicopter Areas on Aerodromes
8.11.1 Introduction
8.11.2 Helicopter Landing and Lift-off Area Markings
8.11.3 Helicopter Apron Markings
8.11.4 Helicopter Parking Position Markings
8.11.5 Helicopter Taxi Guideline Designation
8.11.6 Helicopter Parking Position Numbers
8.11.7 Helicopter Apron Edge Markings
Section 8.12: Marking of Glider Runway Strips on an Aerodrome
CHAPTER 9: VISUAL AIDS PROVIDED BY AERODROME LIGHTING
Section 9.1: General
9.1.1Application and Definitions
9.1.2Standardisation of Aerodrome Lighting
9.1.3Lighting in the Vicinity of an Aerodrome
9.1.4Minimum Lighting System Requirements
9.1.5Primary Source of Electricity Supply
9.1.6Electrical Circuitry
9.1.7Secondary Power Supply
9.1.8Switch-over Time
9.1.9Standby Power Supply
9.1.10Portable Lighting
9.1.11Light Fixtures and Supporting Structures
9.1.12Elevated and Inset Lights
9.1.13Colour of Light Shown
9.1.14Light intensity and Control
9.1.15Commissioning of Lighting Systems
Section 9.2: Colours for Aeronautical Ground Lights
9.2.1General
9.2.2Chromaticities
9.2.3Discrimination Between Coloured Lights
Section 9.3: Pilot Activated Lighting Systems
9.3.1General
9.3.2VHF Carrier Activation Code
9.3.3VHF Carrier Detector Technical Requirements
9.3.4Inputs to the PAL
9.3.5Fail-safe Arrangements with PAL system
9.3.6Access to Manual Switches
9.3.7Receiving Antenna
9.3.8PAL with Audio Acknowledgment
Section 9.4: Obstacle Lighting
9.4.1General
9.4.2Types of Obstacle Lighting and Their Use
9.4.3Location of Obstacle Lights
9.4.4Natural Obstacles
9.4.5Temporary Obstacles
9.4.6Characteristics of Low Intensity Obstacle Lights
9.4.7Characteristics of Medium Intensity Obstacle Lights
9.4.8Characteristics of High Intensity Obstacle Lights
9.4.9Floodlighting of Obstacles
9.4.10Ongoing Availability of Obstacle Lights
Section 9.5: Aerodrome Beacons
9.5.1General
Section 9.6: Illuminated Wind Direction Indicator
9.6.1General
Section 9.7: Approach Lighting Systems
9.7.1Simple Approach Lighting System
9.7.2Precision Approach Category I Lighting System
9.7.3Precision Approach Categories II and III Lighting System
Section 9.8: Isocandela Diagrams of Approach Lighting
9.8.1Collective Notes
Section 9.9: Visual Approach Slope Indicator Systems
9.9.1General
9.9.2Obstacle Assessment Surface
9.9.3T-VASIS and AT-VASIS
9.9.4Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) system
Section 9.10: Runway Lighting
9.10.1Types of Runway Edge Lighting Systems
9.10.2Runway Edge Lights
9.10.3Location of Runway Edge Lights
9.10.4Longitudinal Spacing of Runway Edge Lights
9.10.5Lateral Spacing of Runway Edge Lights
9.10.6Characteristics of Low and Medium Intensity Runway Edge Lights
9.10.7Characteristics of High Intensity Runway Edge Lights
9.10.8Use of Bidirectional or Back-to-back Light Fittings
9.10.9Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.10Location of Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.11Pattern of Low Intensity and Medium Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.12Pattern of High Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.13Characteristics of Low Intensity and Medium Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.14Characteristics of High Intensity Runway Threshold Lights
9.10.15Additional Lighting to Enhance Threshold Location
9.10.16Runway End Lights
9.10.17Location of Runway End Lights
9.10.18Pattern of Runway End Lights
9.10.19Characteristics of Low and Medium Intensity Runway End Lights
9.10.20Characteristics of High Intensity Runway End Lights
9.10.21Runway Turning Area Edge Lights
9.10.22Stopway Lights
9.10.23Hold Short Lights
9.10.24Runway Centreline Lights
9.10.25Runway Touchdown Zone Lights
9.10.26Photometric Characteristics of Runway Lights
9.10.27Installation and Aiming of Light Fittings
9.10.28Illustrations of Runway Lighting
Section 9.11: Isocandela Diagrams of Runway Lighting
9.11.1Collective Notes
Section 9.12: Illustrations of Runway Lighting
Section 9.13: Taxiway Lighting
9.13.1Provision of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.2Provision of Taxiway Edge Lights
9.13.3Taxiway Markers
9.13.4Apron Taxiway Lighting
9.13.5Use of Different Types of Taxiway Lights
9.13.6Control of Lights on Taxiways
9.13.7Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.8Spacing of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.9Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights on Exit Taxiways
9.13.10Location of Taxiway Centreline Lights on Rapid Exit Taxiways
9.13.11Characteristics of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.12Beam Dimensions and Light Distribution of Taxiway Centreline Lights
9.13.13Location of Taxiway Edge Lights
9.13.14Spacing of Taxiway Edge Lights
9.13.15Characteristics of Taxiway Edge Lights
9.13.16Provision of Runway Guard Lights
9.13.17Pattern and Location of Runway Guard Lights
9.13.18Characteristics of Runway Guard Lights
9.13.19Control of Runway Guard Lights
9.13.20Provision of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
9.13.21Pattern and Location of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
9.13.22Characteristics of Intermediate Holding Position Lights
9.13.23Stop Bars
9.13.24Location of Stop Bars
9.13.25Characteristics of Stop Bars
9.13.26Taxiway Edge Markers
9.13.27Characteristics of Taxiway Edge Markers
9.13.28Taxiway Centreline Markers
9.13.29Characteristics of Taxiway Centreline Markers
9.13.30Photometric Characteristics of Taxiway Lights
9.13.31Installation and Aiming of Light Fittings
Section 9.14: Isocandela Diagrams for Taxiway Lights
9.14.1Collective Notes to Figures
Section 9.15: Illustrations of Taxiway Lighting
Section 9.16: Apron Floodlighting
9.16.1Introduction
9.16.2Provision of Apron Floodlighting
9.16.3Location of Apron Floodlighting
9.16.4Characteristics of Apron Floodlighting
Section 9.17: Visual Docking Guidance Systems
9.17.1Provision of Visual Docking Guidance Systems
9.17.2Characteristics of Visual Docking Guidance Systems
9.17.3Azimuth Guidance Unit - Location
9.17.4Azimuth Guidance Unit - Characteristics
9.17.5Stopping Position Indicator - Location
9.17.6Stopping Position Indicator - Characteristics
9.17.7Parking Position Identification Sign
9.17.8Notification of Type of Aircraft Docking Guidance Systems
Section 9.18: Lighting Associated with Closed and Unserviceable Areas
9.18.1Closed Runway or Taxiway
9.18.2Unserviceable Areas
9.18.3Characteristics of Unserviceability Lights
Section 9.19: Other Lights on an Aerodrome
9.19.1Vehicle Warning Lights
9.19.2Works Limit Lights
9.19.3Road and Car Park Lighting
9.19.4Road-holding Position Light
Section 9.20: Monitoring, Maintenance and Serviceability of Aerodrome Lighting
9.20.1General
9.20.2Reporting of Aerodrome Lighting Outage
Section 9.21: Lighting in the Vicinity of Aerodromes
9.21.1Advice to Lighting Designers
9.21.1APurpose of the Section
9.21.2Legislative Background
9.21.3General Requirement
9.21.4Light Fittings
9.21.5Coloured Lights
9.21.6Information and Correspondence
Section 9.22: Use of Unarmoured Cables for Aerodrome Lighting
9.22.1Introduction
9.22.2Significant Areas of the Dispensation
9.22.3Conditions Governing the Dispensation
9.22.4Aspects to Note
9.22.5Acceptability of an Installation to the Supply Authority
CHAPTER 10: OPERATING STANDARDS FOR CERTIFIED AERODROMES
Section 10.1: General
10.1.1Introduction
10.1.2Aerodrome Manual and Aerodrome Operating Procedures
10.1.3Training of Aerodrome Personnel Involved with Safety Functions
10.1.4Aerodrome Safety Management System (SMS)
Section 10.2: Inspecting and Reporting Aerodrome Serviceability
10.2.1General
10.2.2Significant Objects
10.2.3Surface Conditions of the Movement Area, Including the Presence of Water
10.2.4Aerodrome Markings, Lightings, Wind Direction Indicators and Ground Signals
10.2.5Cleanliness of the Movement Area.
10.2.6Obstacles Infringing the Take-off, Approach and Transitional Surfaces
10.2.7Birds or Animals on, or in the Vicinity of, the Movement Area
10.2.8Empirical Assessment of the Bearing Strength of Unrated Runway Pavements and Runway Strips
10.2.9Currency of NOTAMs
10.2.10Aerodrome Fencing
10.2.11Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit
10.2.12Inspection Logbooks
Section 10.3: Initiating a NOTAM
10.3.1Introduction
10.3.2Changes Reported to Australian NOTAM Office
10.3.3Time-Limited NOTAM
10.3.4Permanent NOTAM
10.3.5Making Changes to Aerodrome Information Published in AIP-ERSA
10.3.6Bird or Animal Hazard Warning
10.3.7New or Upgraded Visual Aids
10.3.8Changes to Type A Chart Information
10.3.9Follow up Actions
10.3.10Record Keeping
Section 10.4: Sample Aerodrome Report Form
Section 10.5: Examples of NOTAM and Listing of Abbreviations
10.5.1Examples
10.5.2General Word Abbreviations and Phrase Contractions to Minimise Message Length of Aerodrome NOTAMs
Section 10.6: Appointment of Reporting Officers
10.6.1General
10.6.2Reporting Officer Qualifications
10.6.3What to Report
10.6.4Monitoring Activities Outside Aerodrome
Section 10.7: Aerodrome Emergency Planning
10.7.1Introduction
10.7.2Records
10.7.3Disabled Aircraft Removal
Section 10.8: Guidelines for Aerodrome Emergency Plans
10.8.1General
10.8.2Medical Subcommittee
10.8.3Testing Facilities and Reviewing Roles
10.8.4Aerodrome Emergency Exercises
10.8.5Emergency Operations Centre and Mobile Command Post
10.8.6Definitions of Command, Control, and Coordination
10.8.7Role of the Police
Section 10.9: Control of Airside Access Including Vehicle Control
10.9.1Introduction
10.9.2Airside Vehicle Control
10.9.3Airside drivers
10.9.4Technical Standards for Electronic Surveillance Equipment Fitted to Vehicles
Section 10.10: Aerodrome Works Safety
10.10.1Introduction
10.10.2Method of Working Plans
10.10.3Time-Limited Works
10.10.4Restrictions on Carrying Out Time-Limited Works
10.10.5Restoration of Normal Safety Standards
10.10.6Resumption of Aerodrome Works
10.10.7Management and Control of Aerodrome Works
10.10.8Markers, Markings and Lights
10.10.9Communication Equipment
10.10.10Completion
10.10.11Pavement Overlay Works
10.10.12Works on Runway Strips
Section 10.11: Method of Working Plans
10.11.1Introduction
10.11.2Title Page
10.11.3Works Information
10.11.4Restrictions to Aircraft Operations and Issue of NOTAMs
10.11.5Work Stages
10.11.6Emergencies and Adverse Weather
10.11.7NOTAMs
10.11.8Restrictions to Works Organisations
10.11.9Personnel and Equipment
10.11.10Access
10.11.11Aerodrome Markers, Markings and Lights
10.11.12Protection of Electrical Services
10.11.13Special Requirements
10.11.14Administration
10.11.15Authority
10.11.16Drawings
10.11.17Distribution List
Section 10.12: Functions of a Works Safety Officer
10.12.1Works Safety Officer
Section 10.13: Aircraft Parking
10.13.1Introduction
10.13.2Apron Congestion
10.13.3Apron Safety Management
Section 10.14: Bird and Animal Hazard Management
10.14.1Introduction
Section 10.15: Pavement Maintenance
10.15.1Pavement Cleanliness
10.15.2Runway Surface Friction
10.15.3Deterioration of Runway Grooves
10.15.4Surface Irregularities
10.15.5Standards for Natural and Gravel Surface Runways
Section 10.16: Maintenance Around Navigational Aids
10.16.1Introduction
Section 10.17: Aerodrome Safety Procedures during Conditions of Reduced Visibility or Low Cloud
10.17.1Introduction
10.17.2Development of Low Visibility Procedures
10.17.3Implementation of Low Visibility Procedures
10.17.4Review of Low Visibility Procedures
Section 10.18: Aerodrome Technical Inspections
10.18.1Introduction
Section 10.19: Runway Visibility Assessments by Ground Personnel
10.19.1Application
10.19.2Facilities and Procedures
10.19.3Appointed Persons Conducting Runway Visibility Assessments
10.19.4Procedures for Conducting a Runway Visibility Assessment
CHAPTER 11: STANDARDS FOR OTHER AERODROME FACILITIES
Section 11.1: General
11.1.1Introduction
11.1.2Traffic Control Towers
11.1.3Standards For Siting and Clearance Areas for Airways Facilities on Airports
11.1.4General Siting Requirements
11.1.4ASiting of Equipment and Installations on Operational Areas
11.1.5Navigation Aid Facilities
11.1.6VOR Facilities
11.1.7DME Facilities
11.1.8Instrument Landing System
11.1.9Protection of ILS Installations
11.1.10Critical and Sensitive Areas
11.1.11Obstructions around Marker Beacons
11.1.12Locator Beacons
11.1.13Non-Directional Beacons (NDB)
11.1.14Radar Sensor Sites
11.1.15Communication Facilities
11.1.16Ground Earthing Points
11.1.17Testing of Ground Earthing Points
11.1.18Inspection of Ground Earthing Points
11.1.19Remedial Action
11.1.20Compass Swinging Site
11.1.21Automatic Weather Information Stations
11.1.22Light Aircraft Tie-Down Facilities
CHAPTER 12: OPERATING STANDARDS FOR REGISTERED AERODROMES
Section 12.1: General
12.1.1Introduction
12.1.2Aerodrome Reporting Officer
12.1.3Aerodrome Serviceability Inspections
12.1.4Frequency of Serviceability Inspection
12.1.5Record of Inspections and Remedial Actions
12.1.6Reporting Changes
12.1.7Aerodrome Works
12.1.8Safety Inspection Report
12.1.9Reporting of Obstacles
Section 12.2: Sample Aerodrome Report Form
CHAPTER 13: STANDARDS FOR AERODROMES INTENDED FOR SMALL AEROPLANES CONDUCTING AIR TRANSPORT OPERATIONS UNDER CASR 121B
Section 13.1: General
13.1.1Commencement and Introduction
13.1.2Aerodrome Standards
13.1.3Aerodrome Markings
13.1.4Aerodrome Lighting
13.1.5Wind Direction Indicators
13.1.6Ground Signal and Signal Area
13.1.7Runway and Runway Strip Conditions
13.1.8Aerodrome Serviceability Reporting
CHAPTER 14: RADIO COMMUNICATION FACILITIES PROVIDED BY AN AERODROME OPERATOR
Section 14.1: General
14.1.1Introduction
14.1.2Definitions and Abbreviations
Section 14.2: Certified Air/Ground Radio Services
14.2.1Application to be a CA/GRO
14.2.2Qualifications
14.2.3CA/GRS Operating Standards and Procedures
14.2.4Broadcasting of Aerodrome Information on AAIS
Section 14.3: Frequency Confirmation System
14.3.1Requirement for Frequency Confirmation System
14.3.2Aerodrome Frequency Response Unit (AFRU)
14.3.3Use of the AFRU
14.3.4Operating Performance Requirements of AFRU
14.3.5AFRU Technical Specification
14.3.6AFRU with PAL Features
14.3.7Technical Specifications for Optional Pilot-Activated Lighting Control
14.3.8AFRU+PAL Commissioning Flight Test
Section 14.4: Unicom Services
14.4.1General
REVISION HISTORY........................................................................................................... RH-1
NOTES TO MANUAL OF STANDARDS PART 139............................................. NOTES-1
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
Section 1.1: General
1.1.1 Commencement and Background
1.1.1.1 Aerodrome safety is a vital link in aviation safety. Aerodrome safety is achieved by providing aerodrome facilities and maintaining aerodrome environments that are safe for aircraft operations. By complying with the prescribed standards and procedures and taking a pro-active safety management approach in the operation of their aerodromes, aerodrome operators can demonstrate that they have discharged their safety obligations to the travelling public.
1.1.1.2 This document, titled: ‘Manual of Standards (MOS) - Part 139 Aerodromes’, hereafter referred to as the MOS, is made in pursuant to Civil Aviation Safety Regulations CASR Part 139. CASR Part 139 sets out the regulatory regime of aerodromes used by aeroplanes conducting air transport operations under CASR Part 121A and Part 121B. The regulatory regime provides aerodromes to be certified or registered. This MOS sets out the standards and operating procedures for certified, registered aerodromes and other aerodromes used in air transport operations.
1.1.1.2A The Standards for aerodromes used in air transport operations, as set out in this MOS (except Chapter 13), come into effect when CASR Part 121A comes into effect. However, to avoid doubt, until CASR Part 121A comes into effect, the Standards set out in this MOS (except Chapter 13) continue to be the Standards in effect for aerodromes with respect to regular public transport operations by aeroplanes with a maximum take-off weight in excess of 5700kg. The operators of aerodromes for charter aeroplanes with a maximum take-off weight in excess of 5700kg are expected to plan for, and be ready to implement, the Standards in this MOS (except Chapter 13) when CASR Part 121A comes into effect.
1.1.1.2B The Standards for aerodromes used in air transport operations, as set out in Chapter 13 of this MOS, come into effect when CASR Part 121B comes into effect. However, to avoid doubt, until CASR Part 121B comes into effect, the Standards set out in section 82.3 of the Civil Aviation Orders continue to be the minimum Standards in effect for aerodromes with respect to regular public transport operations by aeroplanes with a maximum take-off weight not exceeding 5700kg. Aerodrome operators to whom CASR Part 121B will apply are expected to plan for, and be ready to implement, the Standards in Chapter 13 when CASR Part 121B comes into effect.
Note: At this time CASR 121A and CASR 121B have not been made. In the interim, for the purpose of this MOS, air transport operations means either regular public transport operations or charter operations.
1.1.1.3 Under CASR Part 121A, aeroplanes with not more than 30 passenger seats can also conduct air transport operations from uncertified or unregistered aerodromes, provided certain specified facilities at those aerodromes are to the standard as that of a certified or registered aerodrome. Accordingly, some of the standards in this MOS are also relevant to uncertified and unregistered aerodromes.
1.1.1.4 To complement CASR Part 121B, a separate chapter has been provided to specify the standards and procedures for aerodromes intended only for aeroplanes with not more than 9 passenger seats or in the case of freight operations, not exceeding 5,700 kg, conducting air transport operations.
1.1.1.5 In addition to this MOS, specifications and procedures which do not reach the regulatory level and information of an educational or advisory nature, may be issued in the form of Advisory Circulars.
1.1.1.6 Aerodrome standards will change from time to time to meet identified safety needs, technological changes and changes in international standards and practices. It is recognised that there are difficulties and limitations in applying new standards to existing aerodrome facilities and installations. This aspect is addressed in some detail in Chapter 2.
1.1.1.7 Standards are identified by the words ‘must’ or ‘shall’. Appendices and tables form part of the main document and have the same status as the primary text. This MOS may also require standards from other documents to be followed. In this case, the referred standards become part of this MOS.
1.1.1.8 In some circumstances, the uniform application of a particular standard or procedure may not be possible or necessary. Such a standard or procedure will be phrased such as “if practicable”, “where physically practicable”, “where determined necessary” or similar words. Whilst such phrases may imply compliance is not mandatory, aerodrome operators need to provide justification for non compliance and the final authority as to the applicability of the standard to a particular aerodrome facility or procedure rests with the regulating authority.
1.1.1.9 This MOS includes standards and procedures relating to the prevention of inadvertent entry of animals and people to the movement area. Those standards and procedures are intended for aviation safety only. This MOS does not address Aviation Security, i.e. the safeguarding against acts of unlawful interference as that subject matter is under the purview of the federal Department with carriage for Transport.
1.1.1.10 Cross-referencing of standards within the MOS is not provided. The Table of Contents provides a ready reference to all the standards.
1.1.1.11 Where there is flexibility in compliance with a specification, words like “should” or “may” are used. This does not mean that the specification can be ignored, but it means that there is no need to seek CASA approval if an aerodrome operator chooses to adopt alternate means to achieve similar outcomes.
1.1.1.12 Where it is necessary to provide factual or background information, explanation or references, or to provide a means of achieving compliance, the information is provided in the form of a “Note”. A Note does not constitute part of the standard.
1.1.2 Document Set
1.1.2.1 The document hierarchy consists of:
(a) the Civil Aviation Act 1988 (the Act);
(b) relevant Civil Aviation Safety Regulations (CASRs);
(c) the Manual of Standards (MOS); and
(d) Advisory Circulars (ACs).
1.1.2.2 The Act establishes the Civil Aviation Safety Authority (CASA) with functions relating to civil aviation, in particular the safety of civil aviation and for related purposes.
1.1.2.3 CASRs establish the regulatory framework (Regulations) within which all service providers must operate.
1.1.2.4 The MOS comprises specifications (Standards) prescribed by CASA, of uniform application, determined to be necessary for the safety of air navigation. In those parts of the MOS where it is necessary to establish the context of standards to assist in their comprehension, the sense of parent regulations has been reiterated.
1.1.2.5 Readers should understand that in the circumstance of any perceived disparity of meaning between MOS and CASRs, primacy of intent rests with the regulations.
1.1.2.6 Service providers must document internal actions (Rules) in their own operational manuals, to ensure the maintenance of and compliance with standards.
1.1.2.7 ACs are intended to provide recommendations and guidance to illustrate a means, but not necessarily the only means of complying with the Regulations. ACs may explain certain regulatory requirements by providing interpretive and explanatory materials. It is expected that service providers will document internal actions in their own operational manuals, to put into effect those, or similarly adequate, practices.
1.1.3 Differences Between ICAO Standards and those in MOS
1.1.3.1 Notwithstanding the above, where there is a difference between a standard prescribed in the ICAO standards and one in the MOS, the MOS standard shall prevail.
1.1.4 Differences published in AIP
1.1.4.1 Differences from ICAO Standards, Recommended Practices and Procedures are published in AIP Gen 1.7.
1.1.5 MOS Documentation Change Management
1.1.5.1 Responsibility for the technical content in the MOS resides with the relevant technical area within the Aviation Safety Standards Division of CASA.
1.1.5.2 This MOS is issued and amended under the authority of the Director of Aviation Safety and Chief Executive Officer.
1.1.5.3 Suggested changes to this MOS must be directed to the Head, Standards Administration and Support Branch, Aviation Safety Standards Division.
1.1.5.4 Requests for any change to the content of the MOS may be intimated from:
(a) technical areas within CASA;
(b) aviation industry service providers or operators;
(c) individuals and authorisation holders.
1.1.5.5 The need to change standards in the MOS may be generated by a number of causes. These may be to:
(a) ensure safety;
(b) ensure standardisation;
(c) respond to changed CASA standards;
(d) respond to ICAO prescription;
(e) accommodate new initiatives or technologies.
1.1.6 Related Documents
1.1.6.1 These standards should be read in conjunction with:
(a) ICAO Annex 4: Aeronautical Charts
(b) ICAO Annex 14: Aerodromes (Vol 1)
(c) ICAO Doc 9157/AN901: Aerodrome Design Manuals (all parts)
(d) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular 150/5300-13
Section 1.2: Definitions
| Definition | Meaning |
| Aerodrome | A defined area on land or water (including any buildings, installations, and equipment) intended to be used either wholly or in part for the arrival, departure and surface movement of aircraft. |
| Aerodrome beacon | Aeronautical beacon used to indicate the location of an aerodrome from the air. |
| Aerodrome elevation | The elevation of the highest point of the landing area. |
| Aerodrome reference point | The designated geographical location of an aerodrome. |
| Aerodrome reference temperature | The monthly mean of the maximum daily temperature for the hottest month of the year (the hottest month being that which has the highest monthly mean temperature.) |
| Aerodrome traffic density | See Paragraph 9.1.1.2(b). |
| Aerodrome works | Construction or maintenance works carried out at an aerodrome, on or adjacent to the movement area, that may create obstacles or restrict the normal take-off and landing of aircraft. |
| Aeronautical beacon | An aeronautical ground light visible at all azimuths, either continuously or intermittently, to designate a particular point on the surface of the earth. |
| Aeronautical ground light | Any light specially provided as an aid to air navigation, other than a light displayed on an aircraft. |
| Aeronautical study | An investigation of a problem concerned with some phase of flight, and aimed at identifying possible solutions and selecting the one most acceptable from the point of view of flight safety. |
| Aeroplane reference field length | The minimum field length required for take-off at maximum certificated take-off mass, sea level, standard atmospheric conditions, still air and zero runway slope, as shown in the appropriate aeroplane flight manual prescribed by the certificating authority or equivalent data from the aeroplane manufacturer. Field length means balanced field length for aeroplanes, if applicable, or take-off distance in other cases. |
| Aircraft classification number (ACN) | A number expressing the relative effect of an aircraft on a pavement for a specified standard subgrade category. |
| Aircraft parking position | A designated area on an apron intended to be used for parking an aircraft. Also known as an aircraft stand. |
| Air side | The movement area of an aerodrome, adjacent terrain and buildings or portions thereof, access of which is controlled. |
| Apron | A defined area on a land aerodrome intended to accommodate aircraft for the purposes of loading or unloading passengers, mail or cargo, fuelling, parking, or maintenance. |
| Apron management service | A service provided to regulate the activities and the movement of aircraft and vehicles on the apron. |
| Balanced field length | A field length where the distance to accelerate and stop is equal to the take-off distance of an aeroplane experiencing an engine failure at the critical engine failure recognition speed (V1). |
| Barrette | Three or more aeronautical ground lights closely spaced in a transverse line so that from a distance they appear as a short bar of light. |
| Capacity discharge light | A lamp in which high-intensity flashes of extremely short duration are produced by the discharge of electricity at high voltage through a gas enclosed in a tube. |
| Clearway | A defined area at the end of the take-off run available on the ground or water under the control of the aerodrome operator, selected or prepared as a suitable area over which an aeroplane may make a portion of its initial climb to a specified height. |
| Critical aeroplane | The aeroplane or aeroplanes identified from among the aeroplanes the aerodrome is intended to serve as having the most demanding operational requirements with respect to the determination of movement area dimensions, pavement bearing strength and other physical characteristics in the design of aerodromes. |
| Critical obstacle | The obstacle within the take-off climb area and/or the approach area, which subtends the greatest vertical angle when measured from the inner edge of the take-off climb surface and/or the approach surface. |
| Cross-wind component | The surface wind component at right angles to the runway centre line. |
| Declared distances | 1. Take-off run available (TORA). The length of runway declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane taking off. 2. Take-off distances available (TODA).The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the clearway, if provided. 3. Accelerate-stop distance available (ASDA).The length of the take-off run available plus the length of the stopway, if provided. 4. Landing distance available (LDA).The length of runway which is declared available and suitable for the ground run of an aeroplane landing. |
| Dependent parallel approaches | Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are prescribed. |
| Displaced threshold | A threshold not located at the extremity of a runway. |
| Effective intensity | The effective intensity of a flashing light is equal to the intensity of a fixed light of the same colour, which will produce the same visual range under identical conditions of observation. |
| Elevation | The vertical distance of a point or a level, on or affixed to the surface of the earth, measured from the mean sea level. |
| Fixed light | A light having constant luminous intensity when observed from a fixed point. |
| Frangible object | An object of low mass designed to break, distort or yield on impact so as to present the minimum hazard to aircraft. |
| Hazard beacon | An aeronautical beacon used to designate a danger to air navigation. |
| Holding bay | A defined area where aircraft can be held, or bypassed, to facilitate efficient surface movement of aircraft. |
| Independent parallel approaches | Simultaneous approaches to parallel or near-parallel instrument runways where radar separation minima between aircraft on adjacent extended runway centre lines are not prescribed. |
| Independent parallel departures | Simultaneous departures from parallel or near-parallel instrument runways. |
| Instrument approach procedures | The procedures to be followed by aircraft in letting down from cruising level and landing at an aerodrome. (A series of predetermined manoeuvres by reference to flight instruments for the orderly transfer of an aircraft from the beginning of the initial approach to a landing, or to a point from which a landing may be made.) |
| Instrument meteorological conditions (IMC) | Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, less than the minimum specified for visual meteorological conditions. |
| Instrument runway | One of the following types of runway intended for the operation of aircraft using instrument approach procedures: (a) Non-precision approach runway. An instrument runway served by visual aids and a non-visual aid providing at least directional guidance adequate for a straight-in approach. (b) Precision approach runway, Category (CAT) I. An instrument runway served by ILS and visual aids intended for operations with a decision height (DH) not lower than 60 m (200 ft) and either a visibility not less than 800 m, or an RVR not less than 550 m. (c) Precision approach runway, CAT II. An instrument runway served by ILS and visual aids intended for operations with a decision height lower than 60 m (200 ft), but not lower than 30 m (100 ft), and an RVR not less than 300 m. (d) Precision approach runway, CAT III. An instrument runway served by ILS to and along the surface of the runway and: (i) for CAT IIIA — intended for operations with a decision height lower than 30 m (100 ft), or no decision height, and an RVR not less than 175 m; (ii) for CAT IIIB — intended for operations with a decision height lower than 15 m (50 ft), or no decision height, and an RVR less than 175 m but not less than 50 m; (iii) for CAT IIIC — intended for operations with no decision height and no RVR limitations. |
| Intermediate holding position | A designated holding position intended for traffic control at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold until further clearance to proceed, when so instructed by the aerodrome control tower. |
| Joint user aerodromes | An aerodrome under the control of a part of the Defence Force in respect of which an arrangement under Section 20 of the Act is in force. |
| Landing area | That part of a movement area intended for the landing or take-off of aircraft. |
| Light failure | A light shall be deemed to be unserviceable when the main beam average intensity is less than 50% of the value specified in the appropriate figure showing the isocandella diagram. For light units where the designed main beam average intensity is above the value shown in the isocandella diagram, the 50% value shall be related to that design value. (When assessing the main beam, specified angles of beam elevation, toe-in and beam spread shall be taken into consideration). |
| Lighting system reliability | The probability that the complete installation operates within the specified tolerances and that the system is operationally usable. |
| Low visibility procedures | Procedures applied at an aerodrome for protecting aircraft operations during conditions of reduced visibility or low cloud. |
| Manoeuvring area | That part of the aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, excluding aprons. |
| Marker | An object displayed above ground level in order to indicate an obstacle or delineate a boundary. |
| Marking | A symbol or group of symbols displayed on the surface of the movement area in order to convey aeronautical information. |
| Mass | The terms mass and weight used in this MOS have the same meaning. |
| MAUM | Maximum all up mass. |
| MTOW | Maximum take-off weight. |
| Movement | Either a take-off or a landing by an aircraft. |
| Movement area | That part of the aerodrome to be used for the take-off, landing and taxiing of aircraft, consisting of the manoeuvring area and the apron(s). |
| Near parallel runways | Non-intersecting runways whose extended centre lines have an angle of convergence/divergence of 15 degrees or less. |
| Non-instrument runway | A runway intended for the operation of aircraft using visual approach procedures. |
| Non-precision approach runway | See Instrument runway. |
| Notices to airmen (NOTAMs) | A notice issued by the NOTAM office containing information or instruction concerning the establishment, condition or change in any aeronautical facility, service, procedure or hazard, the timely knowledge of which is essential to persons concerned with flight operations. |
| Obstacles | All fixed (whether temporary or permanent) and mobile objects, or parts thereof, that are located on an area intended for the surface movement of aircraft or that extend above a defined surface intended to protect aircraft in flight. |
| Obstacle free zone (OFZ) | The airspace above the inner approach surface, inner transitional surfaces, balked landing surfaces, and that portion of the strip bounded by these surfaces, which is not penetrated by any fixed obstacle other than a low-mass and frangibly mounted one required for air navigation purposes. |
| Obstacle limitation surfaces (OLS) | A series of planes associated with each runway at an aerodrome that defines the desirable limits to which objects may project into the airspace around the aerodrome so that aircraft operations at the aerodrome may be conducted safely. |
| Pavement classification number (PCN) | A number expressing the bearing strength of a pavement for unrestricted operations by aircraft with ACN value less than or equal to the PCN. |
| Precision approach runway | See Instrument runway. |
| Primary runway(s) | Runway(s) used in preference to others whenever conditions permit. |
| Radio aids | Also known as non-visual aids. These aids may consist of NDB, VOR, VOR/DME or GPS. |
| Runway | A defined rectangular area on a land aerodrome prepared for the landing and take-off of aircraft. |
| Runway end safety area (RESA) | An area symmetrical about the extended runway centre line and adjacent to the end of the strip primarily intended to reduce the risk of damage to an aeroplane undershooting or overrunning the runway. |
| Runway holding position | A designated position intended to protect a runway, an obstacle limitation surface, or an ILS/MLS critical/sensitive area at which taxiing aircraft and vehicles shall stop and hold, unless otherwise authorised by the aerodrome control tower. |
| Runway guard light | A light system intended to caution pilots or vehicle drivers that they are about to enter an active runway. |
| Runway strip | A defined area including the runway and stopway, if provided, intended: 1. to reduce the risk of damage to aircraft running off a runway; and 2. to protect aircraft flying over it during take-off or landing operations. |
| Runway visibility (RV) | The distance along a runway over which a person can see and recognise a visibility marker or runway lights. |
| Runway visual range (RVR) | The range over which the pilot of an aircraft on the centreline of a runway can see the runway surface markings, or the lights delineating the runway or identifying its centreline. Note: Within Australia, the term runway visual range (RVR) is used exclusively in relation to RVR measured by an instrumented system. |
| Segregated parallel operations | Simultaneous operations on parallel or near-parallel instrument runways in which one runway is used exclusively for approaches and the other runway is used exclusively for departures. |
| Shoulders | An area adjacent to the edge of a pavement so prepared as to provide a transition between the pavement and the adjacent surface. |
| Signal circle | An area on an aerodrome used for the display of ground signals. |
| Stopway | A defined rectangular area on the ground at the end of the take-off run available prepared as a suitable area in which an aircraft can be stopped in the case of an abandoned take-off. |
| Switch-over time (light) | The time required for the actual intensity of a light measured in a given direction to fall from 50% and recover to 50% during a power supply changeover, when the light is being operated at intensities of 25% or above. |
| Take-off runway | A runway intended for take-off only. |
| Taxi-holding position | See definition of runway holding position and intermediate holding position. |
| Taxiway | A defined path on a land aerodrome established for the taxiing of aircraft and intended to provide a link between one part of the aerodrome from another, including: 1. Aircraft parking position taxilane. A portion of an apron designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access to aircraft parking positions only. 2. Apron taxiway. A portion of a taxiway system located on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi route across the apron. 3. Rapid exit taxiway. A taxiway connected to a runway at an acute angle and designed to allow landing aeroplanes to turn off at higher speeds than are achieved on other exit taxiways thereby minimizing runway occupancy times. |
| Taxiway intersection | A junction of two or more taxiways. |
| Taxiway strip | An area including a taxiway intended to protect an aircraft operating on the taxiway and to reduce the risk of damage to an aircraft accidentally running off the taxiway. |
| Threshold | The beginning of that portion of the runway usable for landing. |
| Time limited works | Aerodrome works that may be carried out if normal aircraft operations are not disrupted and the movement area can be restored to normal safety standards in not more than 30 minutes. |
| Touchdown zone | The portion of a runway, beyond the threshold, where it is intended landing aeroplanes first contact the runway. |
| Usability factor | The percentage of time during which the use of a runway or system of runways is not restricted because of cross-wind component. |
| Visibility (V) | Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater of: a. the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and recognised when observed against a bright background; b. the greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity of 1 000 candelas can be seen and identified against an unlit background. Notes: 1. The 2 distances have different values in air of a given extinction coefficient, and the distance mentioned in paragraph (b) varies with the background illumination. The distance mentioned in paragraph (a) is represented by the meteorological optical range (MOR). 2. For international recognition and consistency, the definition of Visibility is taken from Chapter 1, Part 1, Annex 3, Meteorological Service for International Air Navigation, in the Convention on International Civil Aviation. |
| Visibility marker | A dark object of suitable dimensions for use as a reference in evaluating runway visibility. |
| Visual aids | May consist of T-VASIS, PAPI, runway markings and runway lights. |
| Visual meteorological conditions (VMC) | Meteorological conditions expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and ceiling, equal or better than specified minima. |
| Weight | The terms weight and mass used in this MOS have the same meaning. |
CHAPTER 2: APPLICATION OF STANDARDS TO AERODROMES
Section 2.1: General
2.1.1 Legislative Background and Applicability
2.1.1.1 Civil Aviation Safety Regulations CASR Part 121A and Part 121B require aeroplanes conducting air transport operations to operate from aerodromes meeting the requirements of CASR Part 139.
2.1.1.2 CASR Part 139 empowers the Authority to specify standards and procedures relating to aerodromes used in air transport operations. The standards and procedures are set out in this document titled ‘Manual of Standards Part 139—Aerodromes’ are applicable equally to operators of land aerodromes which are either certified or registered. Operating procedures for certified and registered aerodromes differ and are set out in separate Chapters.
2.1.1.3 Under CASR Part 121A and Part 121B, operators of aeroplanes with not more than 30 passenger seats may also conduct air transport operations to aerodromes that are not certified or registered, provided specified aerodrome facilities and reporting arrangements meet appropriate standards. As aerodrome safety standards and procedures are specified in this MOS, the appropriate sections will accordingly also be applicable to those uncertified or unregistered aerodromes used in air transport operations.
2.1.2 Standard Changes and Existing Aerodrome Facilities
2.1.2.1 Standards are subject to change from time to time. In general, unless specifically directed by CASA, subject to Paragraph 2.1.2.3, existing aerodrome facilities do not need to be immediately modified in accordance with the new standards until the facility is replaced or upgraded to accommodate a more demanding aircraft.
2.1.2.2 Unless otherwise directed by CASA, an existing facility that does not meet the standard specified in this Manual must continue to comply with the standard that was applicable to it.
2.1.2.3 At a certified aerodrome, an existing aerodrome facility that does not comply with this MOS must be identified and recorded in the Aerodrome Manual. Information must include the date or period when that facility was first introduced or last upgraded and an indication from the aerodrome operator of a plan or timescale to bring the facility into compliance with the MOS. As part of the CASA audit, evidence to demonstrate efforts to implement the plan or timescale may be required.
2.1.2.4 This MOS applies to a new facility that is brought into operation, and to an existing facility that is being replaced or improved. Subject to agreement by the relevant CASA office, changes to an existing facility of a minor or partial nature may be exempted.
2.1.3 Exemptions to Standards
2.1.3.1 An exemption granted to an existing facility continues to apply until its expiry date.
2.1.3.2 Application for new exemptions must be supported, in writing, by cogent reasons including, where appropriate, an indication of when compliance with the current standards can be expected.
2.1.3.3 Those standards which include phrases such as “if practicable”, “where physically practicable”, etc., still require an exemption to standards when aerodrome operators wish to take advantage of the non-practicability of full compliance.
2.1.3.4 Exemptions to standards, granted to an aerodrome, must be recorded in the Aerodrome Manual. The Manual must contain details of the exemption, reason for the granting, any resultant limitations imposed, and similar relevant information.
2.1.4 Conflict with Other Standards
2.1.4.1 Compliance with the standards and procedures specified in this MOS does not absolve aerodrome operators from obligations in respect of standards prescribed by other government or statutory authorities. Where another statutory standard conflicts with this MOS, the matter must be referred to CASA for resolution.
2.1.5 Using ICAO Aerodrome Reference Code to Specify Standards
2.1.5.1 Australia has adopted the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) methodology of using a code system, known as the Aerodrome Reference Code, to specify the standards for individual aerodrome facilities which are suitable for use by aeroplanes within a range of performances and sizes. The Code is composed of two elements: element 1 is a number related to the aeroplane reference field length; and element 2 is a letter related to the aeroplane wingspan and outer main gear wheel span. A particular specification is related to the more appropriate of the two elements of the Code or to an appropriate combination of the two Code elements. The Code letter or number within an element selected for design purposes is related to the critical aeroplane characteristics for which the facility is provided. There could be more than one critical aeroplane, as the critical aeroplane for a particular facility, such as a runway, may not be the critical aeroplane for another facility, such as the taxiway.
2.1.5.2 The Code number for element 1 shall be determined from column 1 of the table below. The Code number corresponding to the highest value of the aeroplane reference field lengths for which the runway is intended is to be selected.
Note: The determination of the aeroplane reference field length is solely for the selection of a Code number and must not be confused with runway length requirements, which are influenced by other factors.
2.1.5.3 The Code letter for element 2 shall be determined from column 3 of the table below. The Code letter, which corresponds to the greatest wingspan, or the greatest outer main gear wheel span, whichever gives the more demanding Code letter of the aeroplanes for which the facility is intended is to be selected.
2.1.5.4 Information of the Aerodrome Reference Code number for each runway at the aerodrome shall be provided for publication in Runway Distances Supplement section of the En-route Supplement Australia. For certified aerodromes, information of the Aerodrome Reference Code letter for each runway and taxiway shall be set out in the Aerodrome Manual.
2.1.5.5 Unless otherwise agreed by CASA, aerodrome operators must maintain the runways and taxiways in accordance with the applicable standards set out in this MOS for the notified aerodrome reference code for that runway or taxiway.
Table 2.1‑1: Aerodrome Reference Code
Aerodrome Reference Code
Code element 1
Code element 2
Code number
Aeroplane reference field length
Code letter
Wing span
Outer main gear wheel span
1
Less than 800 m
A
Up to but not including 15 m
Up to but not including 4.5 m
2
800 m up to but not including 1200 m
B
15 m up to but not including 24 m
4.5 m up to but not including 6 m
3
1200 m up to but not including 1800 m
C
24 m up to but not including 36 m
6 m up to but not including 9 m
4
1800 m and over
D
36 m up to but not including 52 m
9 m up to but not including 14 m
E
52 m up to but not including 65 m
9 m up to but not including 14 m
F
65 m up to but not including 80 m
14 m up to but not including 16 m
2.1.6 Aerodrome Reference Codes and Aeroplane Characteristics
2.1.6.1 A list of representative aeroplanes operating in Australia and others, chosen to provide an example of each possible aerodrome reference code number and letter combination, is shown in Table 2.1‑2.
2.1.6.2 For a particular aeroplane the table also provides data on the aeroplane reference field length (ARFL), wingspan and outer main gear wheel span used in determining the aerodrome reference code. The aeroplane data provided for planning purposes is indicative only. Exact values of a particular aeroplane’s performance characteristics should be obtained from information published by the aeroplane manufacturer.
Table 2.1‑2: Aerodrome reference codes and aeroplane characteristics
AEROPLANE
TYPEREF
CODEAEROPLANE CHARACTERISTICS ARFL
(m)Wing-span
(m)OMGWS
(m)Length
(m)MTOW
(kg)TP
(kPa)DHC2 Beaver 1A 381 14.6 3.3 10.3 2490 240 Beechcraft:
58 (Baron)
1001A
1A401
62811.5
14.03.1
4.09.1
12.22449
5352392
-Britten Norman Islander 1A 353 14.9 4.0 10.9 2850 228 Cessna:
172
206
310
4041A
1A
1A
1A272
274
518
72110.9
10.9
11.3
14.12.7
2.6
3.7
4.38.2
8.6
9.7
12.11066
1639
2359
3810-
-
414
490Partenavia P68 1A 230 12.0 2.6 9.4 1960 - Piper:
PA 31 (Navajo)
PA 341A
1A639
37812.4
11.84.3
3.49.9
8.72950
1814414
-Beechcraft 200 1B 592 16.6 5.6 13.3 5670 735 Cessna:
208A (Caravan)
402C
4411B
1B
1B296
669
54415.9
13.45
15.13.7
5.6
4.611.5
11.1
11.93310
3107
4468-
490
665DHC 6 Twin Otter 1B 695 19.8 4.1 15.8 5670 220 Dornier 228-200 1B 525 17.0 3.6 16.6 5700 - DHC-7 1C 689 28.4 7.8 24.6 19505 620 DHC-5E 1D 290 29.3 10.2 24.1 22316 - Lear Jet 28/29 2A 912 13.4 2.5 14.5 6804 793 Beechcraft 1900 2B 1098 16.6 5.8 17.6 7530 - CASA C-212 2B 866 20.3 3.5 16.2 7700 392 Embraer EMB110 2B 1199 15.3 4.9 15.1 5670 586 Metro II 2B 800 14.1 5.4 18.1 5670 740 Metro III 2B 991 17.37 5.4 18.1 6577 740 ATR 42-200 2C 1010 24.6 4.9 22.7 16150 728 Cessna 550 2C 912 15.8 6.0 14.4 6033 700 DHC-8:
100
3002C
2C948
112225.9
27.48.5
8.522.3
25.715650
18642805
805Lear Jet 55 3A 1292 13.4 2.5 16.8 9298 - IAI Westwind 2 3A 1495 13.7 3.7 15.9 10660 1000 BAe 125-400 3B 1713 15.7 3.3 15.5 12480 1007 Canadair:
CL600
CRJ-2003B
3B1737
152718.9
21.214.0
4.020.9
26.7718642
215231140
1117Cessna 650 3B 1581 16.3 3.6 16.9 9979 1036 Dassault-Breguet:
Falcon 9003B 1515 19.3 5.3 20.2 20640 1300 Embraer EMB 145 3B 1500 20 4.8 29.9 19200 - Fokker F28-2000 3B 1646 23.6 5.8 29.6 29480 689 Metro 23 3B 1341 17.4 5.4 18.1 7484 742 Shorts SD3-60 3B 1320 22.8 4.6 21.6 11793 758 Bae:
Jetstream 31
Jetstream 41
146-200
146-3003C
3C
3C
3C1440
1500
1615
161515.9
18.3
26.3
26.36.2
-
5.5
5.514.4
19.3
26.2
31.06950
10433
42185
44225448
-
1138
945Bombadier Global Express 3C 1774 28.7 4.9 30.3 42410 - Embraer:
EMB 120
EMB 1703C
3C1420
160019.8
26.07.3
5.820.0
29.9011500
37200828
940Fokker:
F27-500
F28-4000
F50
F1003C
3C
3C
3C1670
1640
1760
169529.0
25.1
29.0
28.17.9
5.8
8.0
5.025.1
29.6
25.2
35.520412
32205
20820
44450540
779
552
920SAAB SF-340 3C 1220 21.4 7.5 19.7 12371 655 Airbus A300 B2 3D 1676 44.8 10.9 53.6 142000 1241 Bombardier Dash 8 – Q400 3D
1354
28.4
9.6
32.8
29000
1020
Airbus A320-200 4C 2058 33.9 8.7 37.6 72000 1360 Boeing:
B717-200
B737-200
B737-300
B737-400
B737-800
Embraer EMB 1904C
4C
4C
4C
4C
4C2130
2295
2749
24992256
2110
28.4
28.4
28.9
28.935.8
28.72
6.0
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.4
6.637.8
30.6
30.5
36.5
39.5
36.2451710
52390
61230
63083
70535
51800-
1145
1344
1400
-
1080McDonnell Douglas:
DC9-30
DC9-80/MD804C
4C2134
255328.5
32.96.0
6.237.8
45.148988
72575-
1390Airbus:
A300-600
A310-2004D
4D2332
184544.8
43.910.9
10.954.1
46.7165000
1320001260
1080Boeing:
B707-300
B757-200
B767-200ER
B767-300ER4D
4D
4D
4D3088
2057
2499
274344.4
38.0
47.6
47.67.9
8.7
10.8
10.846.6
47.3
48.5
54.9151315
108860
156500
1723651240
1172
1310
1310McDonnell Douglas:
DC8-63
DC10-304D
4D3179
317045.2
50.47.6
12.657.1
55.4158757
2517441365
1276Lockheed:
L1011-100/2004D
2469
47.3
12.8
54.2
211378
1207
McDonnell Douglas MD11 4D
2207
51.7
12.0
61.2
273289
1400
Airbus:
A330-200
A330-300
A340-300
A340-500
A340-6004E
4E
4E4E
4E
2713
2560
22003275
3185
60.3
60.3
60.363.70
63.70
12.0
12.0
12.012.0
12.0
59.0
63.6
63.767.80
75.30
230000
230000
253500368000
365000
1400
1400
14001400
1400
Boeing:
B747-SP
B747-300
B747-400
B777-200
B777-3004E
4E
4E
4E
4E2710
3292
3383
2500
314059.6
59.6
64.9
60.9
60.9312.4
12.4
12.4
12.8
12.656.3
70.4
70.4
63.73
73.86318420
377800
394625
287800
2993701413
1323
1410
1400
1400Airbus A380-800 4F 3350 79.8 14.3 72.7 560000 1400
2.1.7 Providing for Future Larger Aeroplanes
2.1.7.1 Nothing in this MOS is intended to inhibit the planning or provision of aerodrome facilities for larger aeroplanes that may be accommodated by the aerodrome at a later date. However, where movement area facilities are built for future larger aeroplanes, the aerodrome operator must liaise with the relevant CASA office to determine interim notification of Reference Code and maintenance arrangements.
2.1.7.2 It is the prerogative of aerodrome operators to select the appropriate aeroplane and aeroplane characteristics for master planning of their aerodromes. This MOS has included ICAO Code F specifications for aerodrome facilities intended for aeroplanes larger than B 747 wide body jets.
2.1.8 Non-instrument and Instrument Runways
2.1.8.1 Runways are classified as non-instrument (also known as visual or circling approach) and instrument runways. Instrument runways are further categorised as: non-precision, precision Category I, Category II, and Category IIIA, IIIB and IIIC.
2.1.8.2 Aerodrome operators must liaise with the relevant CASA office before initiating any changes to the runway classification or instrument category as such a change will involve changes to the standards of a number of aerodrome facilities.
2.1.8.3 This MOS contains specifications for precision approach runways category II and III, for aerodrome facilities intended for aeroplanes with Reference Code numbers 3 and 4 only. No specification is prescribed for code 1 or 2 precision approach runways, as it is unlikely that such facilities will be required in Australian weather conditions. Aerodrome operators are asked to liaise with the relevant CASA office should there be a need to provide aerodrome facilities for Reference Code 1 or 2 aeroplanes.
2.1.9 Non-precision Approach Runways
2.1.9.1 A non-precision approach runway is defined in Chapter 1. Non-precision approach procedures are currently designed by CASA delegates (Airservices Australia and IAC GPS P/L) and are published by Airservices Australia in the AIP section titled ‘Departure and Approach Procedures’, commonly known as DAP charts.
2.1.9.2 To make recognition easier, new straight-in or runway aligned procedures will be further identified by the runway number in the title of the approach chart (e.g. RWY 18 GPS or RWY 08 VOR/DME). Non-runway aligned approach procedures will not have the runway number in the title (e.g. GPS-S, GPS-N or NDB).
Note: There is a program to bring all existing charts to this convention. This will be introduced to existing charts as the opportunity arises.
2.1.9.3 The result of accident enquiries have demonstrated that straight-in approaches are much safer than circling approaches, especially at night. With the advent of GPS, NPA runways can now be provided without any ground based navigation aid. Aerodrome operators of non-instrument runways are strongly urged to liaise with aerodrome users and upgrade their runways to NPA runways wherever it is practicable to do so. However, the benefit of having an NPA runway can only be realised if the runway meets the applicable NPA standards. These include:
(a) increased runway strip width (can be compensated by increase in MDA);
(b) increased inner horizontal, conical and approach obstacle limitation surfaces to be surveyed for obstacles;
(c) spacing of runway edge lights; and
(d) the availability of the wind direction indicator, near the threshold, if possible, or an alternate method for obtaining wind information such as an automatic weather information service.
See the relevant Chapters for the applicable standards. It should be noted that some of the ICAO standards have been relaxed for Australian GPS NPA operations.
2.1.9.4 Before an NPA procedure is published the procedure designer has to arrange for the design to be flight validated. Besides checking the operational aspect of the design, the flight validation also checks the adequacy of the runway, visibility of the wind direction indicator and clearances from all existing obstacles. An NPA procedure is only approved for publication when all requirements are met. Otherwise direction on the use of the procedure may be annotated on the chart, including in the worst case a direction that straight-in landing is not permitted.
CHAPTER 3: APPLYING FOR AN AERODROME CERTIFICATE
Section 3.1: General
3.1.1 Introduction
3.1.1.1 Pursuant to CASR Part 139, aerodromes intended to accommodate aeroplanes with more than 30 passenger seats conducting air transport operations must be certified. Operators of other aerodromes may also apply for an aerodrome certificate.
3.1.1.2 The applicant shall be the owner of the aerodrome site, or have obtained permission from the owner to use the site as an aerodrome.
3.1.1.3 CASA’s aerodrome certification process only addresses the aviation safety aspect of the aerodrome. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that use of the site as an aerodrome is in compliance with other federal, state and local statutory requirements. The aerodrome certificate does not absolve the applicant from observing such requirements.
3.1.1.4 Before submitting an application, the applicant must prepare an Aerodrome Manual, in accordance with the requirements set out in CASR Part 139. The standards to meet the requirements are set out in various chapters in this Manual of Standards (MOS). The initial application must be made on CASA Form 1186 (specimen at Section 3.2). The completed form shall be returned to the nearest CASA office, together with a copy of the Aerodrome Manual.
3.1.2 Aerodrome Certificate Processing Fee
3.1.2.1 Upon receipt of the application, the relevant CASA Aerodrome Inspector will assess the likely effort involved in processing the application and provide the applicant with a quotation for the aerodrome certification processing fee.
3.1.2.2 The certificate application will only be processed upon payment of the certification processing fee.
3.1.3 Processing an Aerodrome Certificate Application
3.1.3.1 Applications shall be submitted in sufficient time to allow for detailed consideration and inspection of the aerodrome before the desired date of issue of the certificate.
3.1.3.2 Engineering and survey reports of the physical characteristics of the movement area, pavement strength and surface, obstacle limitation surfaces, etc., shall be provided by the applicant as required by CASA.
3.1.3.3 As part of the certification process, CASA Aerodrome Inspector may carry out inspection or testing of any aspect of the aerodrome or require substantiation of any information provided by the applicant. However, it should be clearly understood that the CASA sample checking process does not absolve the applicant from the responsibility to provide accurate information.
3.1.3.4 Special assessments may be necessary if there are aerodrome facilities that are not in full compliance with the applicable standards. This may involve more time and resources and may result in restrictions being imposed on aircraft operations.
3.1.4 Granting of an Aerodrome Certificate
3.1.4.1 Before an aerodrome certificate is granted, CASA needs to be satisfied that:
(a) the aerodrome physical characteristics and facilities are in compliance with relevant standards or are adequate for aeroplane safety;
(b) the aerodrome operating procedures proposed by the applicant and set out in the Aerodrome Manual are appropriate and adequate for the expected level of aircraft activities at the aerodrome;
(c) there are sufficient experienced trained or qualified personnel to conduct the safety functions of the aerodrome;
(d) the aerodrome operator is aware of the aerodrome safety functions and can be expected to properly operate the aerodrome.
3.1.4.2 Aerodrome certificates are granted on the condition that the aerodrome will, at all times, be in compliance with applicable regulations and standards. CASR Part 139 also empowers CASA to attach additional conditions to a licence to take account of particular circumstances of the aerodrome.
3.1.4.3 Once granted, except for a temporary certificate which has a finite term, an aerodrome certificate will remain in force until it is suspended or cancelled.
3.1.5 Maintenance and Control of Aerodrome Manual
3.1.5.1 CASA will retain one copy of the Aerodrome Manual. The aerodrome operator must keep his or her copy of the Aerodrome Manual at the aerodrome or at the operator’s principal place of business and make it available for CASA audit purposes.
3.1.5.2 Additional copies of the Aerodrome Manual may be made available so that aerodrome staff and other organisations at the aerodrome may have access to a copy of the Manual.
3.1.5.3 When additional copies or sections of the Manual are required, the aerodrome manual controller is responsible for updates and distribution to those persons.
3.1.6 Initiating NOTAM to Promulgate a Certified Aerodrome
3.1.6.1 The CASA Aerodrome Inspector responsible for the certification process will prepare and forward to the NOTAM Office a permanent NOTAM setting out all the aerodrome information which will be included in AIP ERSA and the Runway Distances Supplement, including the effective date when the aerodrome is certified.
3.1.7 Transitional Arrangements for Existing Aerodrome Licences
3.1.7.1 Under the CASR Part 139 transitional provisions, an existing aerodrome licence issued under CAR 89C will still be valid until it is replaced by a certificate issued under CASR Part 139 or for three years from the date of CASR Part 139, whichever is earlier.
3.1.7.2 Existing licence holders do not need to apply for the aerodrome certificate but they need to liaise with the relevant CASA office for the issue of a replacement aerodrome certificate. Relevant CASA Aerodrome Inspector will issue the replacement certificate when satisfied that the Aerodrome Manual has been brought into line with the CASR Part 139.
Note: To facilitate orderly issue of replacement aerodrome certificates, aerodrome operators are advised to have their Aerodrome Manuals brought up to date as early as possible and not wait towards the end of the three-year period.
Section 3.2: Application for an Aerodrome Certificate
3.2.1 Sample Aerodrome Certificate Application
CHAPTER 4: APPLYING TO REGISTER AN AERODROME
Section 4.1: General
4.1.1 Introduction
4.1.1.1 Pursuant to CASR Part 139, operators of uncertified aerodromes may apply to have their aerodromes registered by CASA. A registered aerodrome will have aerodrome information published in ERSA, and changes to aerodrome information or conditions affecting aircraft operations can be notified through the NOTAM system.
Note: CASA will only approve instrument runways used for air transport operations at an aerodrome that is either certified or registered.
4.1.1.2 The applicant for registration must be the owner of the aerodrome site, or have obtained permission from the owner to use the site as an aerodrome.
4.1.1.3 CASA’s aerodrome registration process only addresses the aviation safety aspect of the aerodrome. It is the responsibility of the applicant to ensure that use of the site as an aerodrome is in compliance with other federal, state and local authority requirements. The aerodrome registration does not absolve the applicant from observing such requirements.
4.1.2 Aerodrome Registration Application and Processing Fee
4.1.2.1 Application for registration must be made on CASA Form 1187 (specimen shown in 4.2.1), obtainable from the nearest CASA office. The completed form, together with aerodrome information for publication in ERSA and confirmation from an approved person as prescribed in CASR Part 139, that the aerodrome meets applicable safety standards, shall be returned to the nearest CASA office.
Note: List of approved persons for registered aerodromes can be accessed through CASA web site or provided on request from the nearest CASA office.
4.1.2.2 Upon receipt of the application, the CASA Aerodrome Inspector will assess the likely effort involved in processing the registration application and provide the applicant with a quotation for the aerodrome registration processing fee.
4.1.2.3 The registration processing fee may include the CASA Aerodrome Inspector making an inspection of the aerodrome. The inspection is normally only required if the information supplied is, in the opinion of the Aerodrome Inspector, inadequate or requires further clarification.
4.1.2.4 The application will only be processed upon payment of the registration processing fee.
4.1.2.5 Applications shall be submitted in sufficient time to allow for detailed consideration and inspection of the aerodrome, before the desired registration date.
4.1.3 Approving a Registration Application
4.1.3.1 Registration is approved on the condition that:
(a) the aerodrome meets appropriate standards;
(b) the aerodrome operator has the capacity to properly maintain the aerodrome; and
(c) the reporting officer has been trained to the standards detailed in Chapter 10.
4.1.3.2 When the application is approved, the responsible CASA Aerodrome Inspector will prepare and forward to the NOTAM Office a permanent NOTAM setting out all the aerodrome information which will be included in ERSA and the Runway Distances Supplement. The CASA Aerodrome Inspector will also confirm, to the applicant, in writing, that the aerodrome is or will be registered, together with a copy of the NOTAM message.
4.1.4 Maintenance of Registration
4.1.4.1 Registered aerodromes will be included in the CASA aerodrome surveillance program. A scheduled visit by a CASA Aerodrome Inspector can be expected periodically. Appropriate notice of the scheduled visit will be given. Unscheduled visits may occur at any time, such as when prompted by reported safety concerns.
4.1.4.2 Registration will remain in force until it is suspended or cancelled.
4.1.4.3 Registration may be suspended if CASA is not satisfied with:
(a) the accuracy of aerodrome information provided;
(b) the on-going maintenance of the aerodrome; or
(c) the ability of the reporting officer to conduct on-going aerodrome serviceability inspection and reporting functions.
Notes: 1. Keeping records of aerodrome serviceability inspections, aerodrome works and NOTAMS issued will assist in demonstrating that the aerodrome has been operated properly.
2. Standards for ongoing operations and maintenance of a registered aerodrome are specified in Chapter 12.
4.1.4.4 Registration may be cancelled:
(a) on request of the aerodrome operator; or
(b) by CASA after the aerodrome registration was suspended and the identified safety concerns are not corrected to the satisfaction of CASA, within an acceptable period.
4.1.5 Aerodrome Safety Inspection Report
4.1.5.1 Operators of registered aerodromes are required to submit to CASA an Aerodrome Safety Inspection Report prepared by an approved person as specified in the regulations. This must be done either annually, or at a longer interval as agreed by the relevant CASA Aerodrome Inspector.
Section 4.2: Application to Register an Aerodrome
4.2.1 Application to Register an Aerodrome
CHAPTER 5: AERODROME INFORMATION FOR AIP
Section 5.1: General
5.1.1 Introduction
5.1.1.1 CASR Part 139 requires the applicant of an aerodrome certificate to provide information relating to the aerodrome for publication in Aeronautical Information Publication (AIP). This information must be included in the applicant’s proposed Aerodrome Manual. Aerodrome information may be published in AIP - Enroute Supplement Australia (ERSA), AIP - Runway Distances Supplement (RDS) and AIP - Departure and Approach Procedures charts (DAP).
5.1.1.2 This Chapter sets out the aerodrome information which needs to be provided and the standards to which such aerodrome information must be gathered and presented.
5.1.1.3 The standards in this Chapter on gathering and presentation of aerodrome information are also applicable to aerodrome information provided to CASA for aerodrome registration.
5.1.1.4 The importance of providing accurate aerodrome information for the safety of aircraft operations cannot be overemphasised. Accordingly, care and diligence must be exercised in obtaining the aerodrome information to be published. This will involve the use of appropriately qualified persons to measure, determine or calculate aerodrome operational information.
5.1.1.5 After the information is published, maintaining its accuracy is also of fundamental importance. Standards for maintaining accuracy of published aerodrome information in AIP, including NOTAMS, are set out in Chapter 10.
5.1.2 Aerodrome Information to be Provided for a Certified Aerodrome
5.1.2.1 Aerodrome diagram. An aerodrome diagram must be provided to illustrate:
(a) layout of runways, taxiways and apron(s);
(b) nature of the runway surfaces;
(c) designations and length of runways;
(d) designations of the taxiways, where applicable;
(e) location of illuminated and non-illuminated wind direction indicators;
(f) location of the aerodrome reference point;
(g) the direction and distance to the nearest town;
(h) location of terminal buildings; and
(i) location of helipads.
5.1.2.2 Aerodrome administration. This must include:
(a) name, address, telephone and facsimile numbers of the aerodrome operator; including after hours contacts;
(b) aerodrome usage, public or private;
(c) aerodrome charges, where notification is desired.
5.1.2.3 Aerodrome location. This information must include;
(a) name of aerodrome;
(b) State or Territory of Australia;
(c) World Aeronautical Chart number, if known;
(d) latitude and longitude, based on the aerodrome reference point;
(e) magnetic variation;
(f) time conversion-universal time coordinated (UTC) plus local time difference;
(g) AVFAX and ‘Y’ location code indicator, if known;
(h) aerodrome elevation;
(i) currency of Type A charts, if provided.
5.1.2.4 Movement area. Must include for each runway designation;
(a) aerodrome reference code number;
(b) runway bearings-in degrees magnetic;
(c) runway length and surface type;
(d) runway pavement strength rating;
(e) runway and runway strip width;
(f) runway slope;
(g) runway declared distances, and STODA.
(h) elevation of the mid point of runway threshold, for instrument runways.
5.1.2.5 Approach and Runway Lighting. For each runway, the following details of approach and runway lighting systems must be provided:
(a) type, length and intensity of approach lighting system;
(b) runway threshold lights, colour and wing bars;
(c) type of visual approach slope indicator system;
(d) length of runway touchdown zone lights;
(e) length, spacing, colour and intensity of runway centreline lights;
(f) length, spacing, colour and intensity of runway edge lights;
(g) colour of runway end lights and wing bars;
(h) length and colour of stopway lights.
5.1.2.5A Other Lighting and Secondary Power Supply. The following details of aerodrome lighting and secondary power supply systems must be provided:
(a) location, characteristics and hours of operation of aerodrome beacon (if any);
(b) lighting systems for taxiways;
(c) any other lighting systems;
(d) secondary power supply including switch-over time.
5.1.2.6 Navigation aids. Details of any navigation aid, which is provided by Airservices Australia or the aerodrome operator.
5.1.2.7 Rescue and fire-fighting services. The category of aerodrome-based rescue and fire-fighting services provided by Airservices Australia or the aerodrome operator.
5.1.2.8 Ground services. This information must include:
(a) fuel suppliers and their contact details, including after hours;
(b) automatic weather information broadcast if provided by aerodrome operator;
(c) ground to air communication systems such as Unicom, aerodrome frequency response unit (AFRU) or approved air ground operator service provided by the aerodrome operator, and
(d) any other services available to pilots.
5.1.2.9 Special procedures. Include any special procedures unique to the aerodrome, which pilots need to be advised; in cases where the flying procedure is generated by the aerodrome operator.
5.1.2.10 Notices. Include important cautionary or administrative information relating to the use of the aerodrome.
5.1.2.11 Low Visibility Procedures. If low visibility procedures are established at a controlled aerodrome, the information to be provided must include the following:
(a) the runways and associated equipment that are used under low visibility procedures;
(b) minimum take off and landing visibility for which the aerodrome facilities are capable of providing appropriate support;
(c) defined meteorological conditions under which low visibility procedures are initiated, used and terminated;
(d) a description of ground marking and lighting for use under low visibility procedures.
5.1.3 Standards for Determining Aerodrome Information
5.1.3.1 Nature of runway surface. The runway surface type must be notified as either:
(a) bitumen seal;
(b) asphalt;
(c) concrete;
(d) gravel;
(e) grass; or
(f) natural surface.
Where only the central portion of runway is sealed, this must be advised accordingly.
5.1.3.2 Runway bearing and designation. The bearing of runways must be determined in degrees magnetic. Runways are normally numbered in relation to their magnetic direction, rounded off to the nearest 10 degrees.
5.1.3.3 Runway length. The aerodrome operator must provide the physical length of runways in whole numbers of metres and feet , with feet bracketed.
5.1.3.4 Taxiway designation. A single letter must be used without numbers to designate each main taxiway. Alpha-numeric designators may be used for short feeder taxiways. See also Chapter 8.
5.1.3.5 Aerodrome reference point (ARP). The geographic coordinates of the aerodrome reference point must be notified in degrees, minutes and tenths of a minute; based on the World Geodetic System-1984 (WGS-84). The ARP should be located at or near the centroid of the aerodrome.
5.1.3.6 Aerodrome elevation. Must be at the highest point of the landing area, above mean sea level. Aerodrome elevation must be reported in feet, based on the Australian Height Datum, to an accuracy of one foot.
5.1.3.7 Runway reference code number. For each runway provide the reference code number as defined in Chapter 2.
5.1.3.8 Pavement strength.
(a)Aircraft less than 5,700 kg maximum take-off mass.
The bearing strength of a pavement intended for aircraft of 5700 kg mass or less, must be made available by reporting the following information:
(i) maximum allowable aircraft mass; and
(ii) maximum allowable tyre pressure.
(b)Aircraft greater than 5,700 kg maximum take-off mass.
Report the bearing strength of pavements intended for aircraft greater than 5,700 kg mass, in accordance with the Aircraft Classification Number/Pavement Classification Number (ACN/PCN) system; reporting all of the following information:
(i) the pavement classification number (PCN);
(ii) pavement type for ACN-PCN determination;
(iii) subgrade strength category;
(iv) maximum allowable tyre pressure category; and
(v) evaluation method.
Note: The PCN reported will indicate that an aircraft with an aircraft classification number (ACN) equal to or less than the reported PCN can operate on the pavement subject to any limitation on the tyre pressure, or aircraft all-up weight for specified aircraft type(s).
(c) Information on pavement type for ACN-PCN determination, subgrade strength category, maximum tyre pressure category and evaluation method must be reported using the following codes:
(i)
Pavement type for ACN-PCN determination:
Code
Rigid pavement
R
Flexible pavement
F
(ii)
Subgrade strength category:
Code
High strength: characterised by a K value of 150 MN/m3 and representing all K values above 120MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR 15 and representing all CBR values above 13 for flexible pavements.
A
Medium strength: characterised by a K value of 80 MN/m3 and representing a range in K of 60 to 120 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR 10 and representing a range in CBR of 8 to 13 for flexible pavements.
B
Low strength: characterised by a K value of 40 MN/m3 and representing a range in K of 25 to 60 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR 6 and representing a range in CBR of 4 to 8 for flexible pavements.
C
Ultra low strength: characterised by a K value of 20 MN/m3 and representing all K values below 25 MN/m3 for rigid pavements, and by CBR 3 and representing all CBR values below 4 for flexible pavements.
D
(iii)
Maximum allowable tyre pressure category:
Code
High: no pressure limit
W
Medium: pressure limited to 1.50 MPa
X
Low: pressure limited to 1.00 MPa
Y1
Low: pressure limited to 0.80 MPa
Y2
Very low: pressure limited to 0.50 MPa
Z
(iv)
Evaluation method:
Code
Technical evaluation: representing a specific study of the pavement characteristics and application of pavement behaviour technology.
T
Using aircraft experience: representing knowledge of the specific type and mass of aircraft satisfactorily being supported under regular use.
U
(v) Examples of pavement strength reporting
Example 1: If the bearing strength of a rigid pavement, built on a medium strength subgrade, has been assessed by technical evaluation to be PCN 80 and there is no tyre pressure limitation, then the reported information would be:
PCN 80/R/B/W/T
Example 2: If the bearing strength of a flexible pavement, built on a high strength subgrade, has been assessed by using aircraft experience to be PCN 50 and the maximum tyre pressure allowable is 1.00 MPa, then the reported information would be:
PCN 50/F/A/Y/U
Example 3: If the bearing strength of a flexible pavement, built on a medium strength subgrade, has been assessed by technical evaluation to be PCN 40 and the tyre pressure is to be limited to 0.80 MPa, then the reported information would be:
PCN 40/F/B/0.80 MPa/T
Example 4: If a pavement is subject to B747-400 all up mass limitation of 390,000 kg, then the reported information would include the following note:
Note: The reported PCN is subject to a B747-400 all up mass limitation of 390,000 kg.
5.1.3.9 The Aircraft Classification Number (ACN) values for various aircraft types operating on flexible and rigid pavements are provided in Table 5.1-1. The aircraft weight limits are defined by maximum take-off weight (MTOW) (kg) and operating weight empty (OWE) (kg). The operating tyre pressure is defined by TP (kPa). The main wheel under-carriage configurations are: single (S), dual (D), dual tandem (DT) and triple-tandem (TT).
| Application to Register an Aerodrome | |
| 1. Particulars of the Applicant | |
| Full name: ............................................................................................................................................. | |
| Address: ............................................................................................................................................. ................................................................. Postcode: ................................................ | |
| Position:................................................................................................................................................... | |
| Phone:....................................... Fax: ................................... E-mail:....................................................... | |
2. Particulars of the Aerodrome
| Name of aerodrome: ................................................................................................................................ | |
| Real property description: ........................................................................................................................ ......................................................................................................................................................... | |
| ......................................................................................................................................................... | |
| Bearing or distance from nearest town or populous area: ........................................................................... ................................................................................................................................................................ | |
| 3. Is the Applicant the Owner of the Aerodrome Site? Yes q (Go to Item 4) No q | |
| If the applicant is Not the owner of the site, provide: a) Details of rights held in relation to the site; and b) Name and address of the owner of the site and written evidence to show that permission has been obtained for the site to be used by the applicant as an aerodrome. | |
| 4. Indicate the Largest Type of Aircraft Expected to Use the Aerodrome | |
| ................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................ | |
| 5. Is the Aerodrome to be Used for RPT/Air Transport Operations? Yes q No q | |
| On behalf of the Aerodrome Operator shown above, {Delete if not applicable}. I hereby apply for registration of the aerodrome. Signed: ....................................................................................... My authority to act on behalf of the applicant is: ......................................................................................................................................................... ......................................................................................................................................................... Name of person making the declaration: ........................................................................................... Date: ......... /.......... /........... | |
| 6. Aerodrome Data If not applicable, insert N/A in the box on the right: (To be completed by an approved person as prescribed in CASR 139. Aerodrome Data must be derived in accordance with Manual of Standards Part 139 – Aerodromes, Chapter 5: Aerodrome Information for AIP.) | |
Note:Application must be accompanied by a report prepared by an approved person as prescribed in CASR 139, confirming that the information provided overleaf is accurate and that the aerodrome meets the applicable safety standards. See page 2.
Report on Aerodrome Data by Approved Person (as Prescribed in CASR 139)
6A. AERODROME DIAGRAM
| This diagram depicts the following: (i) The runway layout, their magnetic bearing and length in metres; (ii) The layout of the taxiways and aprons; (iii) The location of the aerodrome reference point; (iv) The location of the wind direction indicators, both lit and unlit; (v) The elevation of the aerodrome (the highest point on the landing surface in feet); (vi) For instrument runway, the elevation of the mid-point of each threshold; and (vii) The magnetic bearing and distance to the nearest city, town or population center. |
6b. Aerodrome Location: (ARP) Lat:......................................... Long: ......................................
6c. Aerodrome Administration (Provide the following information on the aerodrome owner.)
| Name of Aerodrome:..................................................................................................................................... Name of Aerodrome Operator: ..................................................................................................................... |
| Address: ..................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... Tel: B/H.......................................... (A/H) ............................................ Fax ............................................ |
| State in which the Aerodrome is Located:....................................................................................................... Is this Aerodrome Open to Public? No q Yes q Are there Landing Charges? No q Yes q Applicable Charges:.............................................. .................................................................................................................................................................... If open to the public, who is (are) the Aerodrome Reporting Officer(s)? Name: ....................................................... B/H ..................................... (A/H)............................................. Name: ....................................................... B/H ..................................... (A/H)............................................. |
6d. Runway Details (For each runway, provide the following. Add a page if there is more than one runway.)
| Runway Designation:............................................ Runway Reference Code: ...................................... Runway End:........... TORA: ................... TODA: ................... (…...%) ASDA: ................... LDA: .................. Runway End:........... TORA: ................... TODA: ................... (…...%) ASDA: ................... LDA: .................. Runway Width: .......... Runway Slope:............... Runway Strip Width (graded): ..................... (overall):.............. STODA: Runway End:......... 1.6%.................. 1.9%............. 2.2%............. 2.5%............. 3.3%............. 5.0%................. Runway End:......... 1.6%.................. 1.9%............. 2.2%............. 2.5%............. 3.3%............. 5.0%................. Pavement Surface Type:........................... Pavement Rating:................................................... (ACN/PCN) or Maximum Aircraft Weight.......................... and Tyre Pressure............................................. able to use runway. |
6e. Aerodrome Lighting: .............................................. (For each runway equipped with lighting, provide the following. Add extra pages if there is more than one runway with lighting.)
| Runway Designation:...................................................... Light Intensity: Low q Medium q High q Approach Lighting Provided: Yes q No q Any other lighting, specify:............................................................................................................................ |
6f. Ground Services (Provide the following information on services available to pilots.)
| Fuel Type: ......................... Supplier: ........................................................................ Tel: (B/H)........................... (A/H)..................................... Met Facilities Available: Yes q No q TAF Category:.................. AWIS Phone Number:............................... AWIS Frequency:.................................. CTAF or MBZ available: Yes q No q CTAF: ......................... MBZ: ......................... UNICOM: ............................... AFRU: ............................ Navaid Facilities Available: Yes q No q Type:...................... Code:.............................. Coordinates:..................................... Range:......................... Monitoring:...................................................... ATS Communication Facilities Available: Yes q No q FIA:.................................. On Ground:............................. Circuit:............................... Passenger Facilities Available: Yes q No q .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... | ||||
| 6g. Special Procedures: ... (Provide the following information about any special procedures that pilots need to observe or follow.) | ||||
| Special Procedures Apply: Yes q No q .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... | ||||
| 6h. Notices: (Provide the following information on any local safety information.) | ||||
| Details of any Obstacles:.............................................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................... Details of any Hazards (eg, birds or animals):................................................................................................. .................................................................................................................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... Details of any Restrictions on the use of Taxiways or Aprons:......................................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... Details of any other activities at the aerodrome (eg, sport aviation activities):................................................... .................................................................................................................................................................... | ||||
| Approved person’s signature............................................................. Date................. /............ /............. | ||||
| The Federal Government TimeSaver initiative aims to assess the time taken to complete Government Forms. Please indicate the approximate time taken to complete this form. | Hrs | Mins | ||
NOTES TO MANUAL OF STANDARDS PART 139
Note 1
The Manual of Standards Part 139 (in force under the Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998) as shown in this compilation comprises Manual of Standards Part 139 amended as indicated in the Tables below.
Table of Manual of Standards and Amendments
| Year and | Date of notification | Date of | Application, saving or |
| MOS 139 | 1 May 2003 | 1 May 2003 | |
| MOS 139 Amendment (CASA 390/04) | FRLI 9 June 2005 (see F2005B01530) | 1 September 2004 | — |
| MOS 139 2008 Amendment No. 1 | FRLI 9 January 2008 (see F2008L00088) | 10 January 2008 (see s. 2) | — |
| MOS 139 2008 Amendment No. 2 | FRLI 15 April 2008 (see F2008L01090) | 16 April 2008 (see s. 2) | — |
| MOS 139 2010 Amendment No. 1 | FRLI 12 May 2010 (see F2010L01202) | 13 May 2010 (see s. 2) | — |
| MOS 139 2011 Amendment No. 1 | FRLI 29 April 2011 (see F2011L00657) | Ss. 1–3 and Schedule 1: 02 June 2011 Schedule 2: 17 November 2011 | — |
| MOS 139 2012 Amendment No. 1 | FRLI 02 February 2012 (see F2012L00151) | 03 February 2012 (see s.2) | — |
Revision History
Note: The Revision History shows the most recent amendment first. Scroll down the table to view details of previous amendment information.
| Version | Date | Chapter/ Section/ Paragraph | Details |
| 1.8 | February 2012 | After subsection 10.9.3 | Subsection 10.9.4 added |
| 1.7 | November 2011 | 5.1.2.5 | Substituted by 5.1.2.5 and 5.1.2.5A |
| After paragraph 5.1.2.10 | 5.1.2.11 added | ||
| Section 10.17 | Substituted | ||
| After Section 10.18 | Section 10.19 added | ||
| 1.6 | June 2011 | 1.2 | Definitions for Instrument Runway and Runway Visual Range (RVR) substituted |
| Definitions for Low visibility procedures, Runway visibility (RV), and Visibility marker added | |||
| After 6.2.24.2 | New 6.2.24.3 and a note added | ||
| After 6.2.28.1 | Note added | ||
| After 6.2.34.1 | Note added | ||
| After 6.3.15.1 | Note added | ||
| 1.6 contd | June 2011 | 6.3.17.1, Table 6.3-5, after the second Note | Note 3 added |
| 6.4.4.2 | Omitted | ||
| 6.4.4.2, Table 6.4-1, Column 4, Precision Category I | Substituted | ||
| 6.4.4.2, Table 6.4-1, Column 5, Precision Category II or III | Substituted | ||
| 6.4.4.2, Table 6.4-1, after footnote d | Footnotes e and f added. | ||
| After 7.2.3 | Subsection 7.2.4 inserted | ||
| 8.3.7 | Subsections 8.3.7 and 8.3.7A substituted | ||
| 9.1.1.1 (d) | Subparagraphs (d) and (e) substituted | ||
| 9.1.11.1, the Note | Note substituted | ||
| After 9.1.14.9A | Note inserted | ||
| 9.7.2 | Substituted | ||
| 9.7.3 | Substituted | ||
| 9.10.18.1 (a) | Text substituted | ||
| After 9.10.25.1 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.10.25.2 | Omitted | ||
| 9.13.11.2 (a) | Substituted | ||
| After 9.19.3 | Subsection 9.19.4 inserted | ||
| 9.20.2.5 (d) and the Note | Subparagraphs (d) - (g) and a note substituted | ||
| After subsection 11.1.4 | A note and new subsection 11.1.4A inserted | ||
| 11.1.8 | Substituted | ||
| 11.1.9 | Substituted | ||
| 11.1.10 | Substituted | ||
| 11.1.11 | Substituted | ||
| 1.5 | May 2010 | 1.2 | Definition of Visibility changed |
| 9.1.1.2 (c) (i) | Substituted | ||
| 9.1.1.2 (c) (iii), (iv) and Notes | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.1.2 (d) | Changed | ||
| 9.1.2.2A and Note | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.4.1 (ab) | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.4.1 (c) | Note deleted | ||
| 9.1.5.3 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.1.6.1 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.1.7.4 | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.8.2 and 9.1.8.3 | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.10 | Substituted | ||
| 9.1.11.1 | Note substituted | ||
| 9.1.12.6 and Note | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.14.9 | Substituted and 9.1.14.9A added | ||
| 1.5 contd | May 2010 | 9.1.15.1 (a) | Substituted |
| 9.1.15.2A | Inserted | ||
| 9.1.15.8 | Note deleted | ||
| 9.1.15.9 and 9.1.15.10 | Inserted | ||
| 9.3.1 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.3.1.2 (f) and Note | Inserted | ||
| 9.4.3.4A | Inserted | ||
| Figure 9.4-1 | Substituted | ||
| 9.4.10.3 | Substituted | ||
| 9.4.10.3A | Inserted | ||
| 9.6.1.1 | Note inserted | ||
| 9.6.1.3 | Substituted and 9.6.1.3A to 9.6.1.3C added | ||
| 9.6.1.4 and Note | Substituted | ||
| 9.9.1.10 | Deleted | ||
| Figure 9.9-6 Key | METH changed to MEHT | ||
| 9.10.11.3 | Substituted | ||
| 9.10.11.6 | Inserted | ||
| 9.10.17.1 (c) | Substituted | ||
| 9.10.24.1 and Note | Substituted | ||
| 9.10.24.2 | 300 changed to 350 | ||
| Figure 9.11-8 | Values for “a” substituted | ||
| 9.13.1.1 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.1.2 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.2.2 (c) | “are” changed to “area” | ||
| 9.13.3.1 | Substituted and 9.13.3.2 and 9.13.3.3 including Notes, added | ||
| Table 9.13-1 | Type substituted | ||
| 9.13.8.3 | Substituted | ||
| Table 9.13-2 | Type substituted | ||
| 9.13.11.5 | Inserted | ||
| 9.13.12.3 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.12.4 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.16 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.23.1 and Note | Substituted and 9.13.23.1A and Note added | ||
| 9.13.26.1 | Substituted and Note added | ||
| 9.13.27.1 | Substituted | ||
| 9.13.28.1 | Substituted and Note added | ||
| 9.13.29.1 | Substituted | ||
| Figure 9.14-1 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.14-2 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.14-3 | Title substituted and Note 1 substituted | ||
| Figure 9.14-4 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.14-5 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.15-1 | Title substituted | ||
| Figure 9.15-1 (b) | Inserted | ||
| 9.16.4.8 | Inserted “or proposed” | ||
| 1.5 contd | May 2010 | 9.16.4.9, 9.16.4.10 and 9.16.4.11 | Inserted |
| 9.17.7.3 | Substituted and Note added | ||
| 9.19.1.1 | “are” changed to “must be” | ||
| 9.20.2.5 | Note substituted | ||
| 9.20.2.9 | Inserted and Notes added | ||
| 9.21.1 | Substituted and 9.21.1A added | ||
| 9.21.2 | Heading changed | ||
| 9.21.2.1 | Text of regulation changed | ||
| 14.3.6 | Note inserted | ||
| 1.4 | April 2008 | Table 2.1-2 | Table substituted |
| 1.3 | January 2008 | Table 6.2-1 | Deleted Note 2 |
| 6.2.3.1A | New paragraphs inserted | ||
| 6.2.3.1B | |||
| 6.2.3.1C | |||
| 6.2.14.3 | |||
| 6.3.1.1 | First line changed | ||
| Table 6.3-1 | Table substituted | ||
| 6.3.1.1A | New paragraphs inserted | ||
| 6.3.1.1B | |||
| 6.3.2.1 | First line changed | ||
| 6.3.2.1A | New paragraphs inserted | ||
| 6.3.9.1A | |||
| 6.3.10.1(a) | Inserted: “and prevent engine ingestion” | ||
| 6.3.10.1(b) | Deleted: “similar aircraft” Inserted: “Airbus 380 aircraft, being an aircraft” | ||
| 1.2 | September 2004 | 1.1.1 | Heading changed |
| 1.1.1.2A 1.1.1.11 1.1.1.12 | New paragraphs inserted | ||
| 1.1.2.1 1.1.5 1.1.5.1 to 1.1.5.5 | Changed | ||
| 2.1.2.3 | Changed | ||
| 3.2 | Form 1121 replaced by Form 1186 | ||
| 4.2 | Form 1123 replaced by Form 1187 | ||
| 5.1.3.8 (c) (iii) | Two new low pressure categories (Y1 and Y2) added | ||
| 5.1.3.9 | Changed and note added | ||
| Table 5.1.1 | New table (ACN values) inserted | ||
| 5.1.3.23 5.1.3.24 | Changed | ||
| 5.2.2.2 | All diagrams changed | ||
| 6.2.5.1 | Changed | ||
| 6.2.9.1 | Changed and note added | ||
| 6.2.9.1A | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 1.2 contd | September 2004 | 6.2.10.2 | Changed |
| 6.2.29.1 | The note changed | ||
| 6.2.39.2 | ‘accelerated’ changed to ‘accelerate’ | ||
| 6.3.14.3 | Changed and note added | ||
| Table 6.4-1 | Values and notes changed | ||
| 7.1.8.1 and 7.1.8.5 | “Table 10.15-1” replaced by “Table 7.1-1” | ||
| 7.3.2.5 (f) | New subparagraph inserted | ||
| 8.1.2.1 | New note added at the end | ||
| Figure 8.2-1 | Modified by adding dimensions of runway edge marker cones | ||
| 8.3.9.5 | Changed | ||
| Figure 8.3-15 Figure 8.4-2 | Changed | ||
| 8.5.2.5 | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 8.6.6.4 8.7.1.2 | Changed | ||
| Figure 8.10-2 | Changed | ||
| 8.10.4.1 8.10.4.2 | Changed | ||
| 9.1.15.6 | Changed | ||
| 9.9.1.4 (c) 9.9.1.5 | “Double sided PAPI” changed to “Double-sided PAPI” | ||
| 9.9.2.1 9.9.4.4 9.9.4.5 | Changed | ||
| 9.10.17.1(c) | New subparagraph and note added | ||
| Figure 9.11-12 | Title changed | ||
| 9.13.13.4 | New paragraph added | ||
| 9.13.18.1 (Note) | Subparagraph (a) changed | ||
| 9.19.1.1 | Changed | ||
| 9.20.1.1 | “are to be” changed to “must be” | ||
| 9.20.2.1 | Changed | ||
| 9.20.2.5 | Changed and note added | ||
| 9.20.2.6 9.20.2.7 | Changed | ||
| 10.8.1.4A | New paragraph added | ||
| 10.8.7.1 10.9.2.5 10.9.2.6 | Changed | ||
| 10.9.2.7 | New paragraph added | ||
| 10.10.4.2. 10.10.7.4 | Changed | ||
| 10.10.7.4A | New paragraph added | ||
| 10.10.11.5 | New paragraph added | ||
| 10.11.9.1 | Changed | ||
| 10.13.3.2 (b) | New note added | ||
| 11.1.21 | Heading changed | ||
| 1.2 contd | September 2004 | 11.1.21.1 11.1.21.2 | Changed |
| 12.1.3.2(d) | Changed | ||
| 12.1.6.1 (Note) | Changed | ||
| 12.1.7.3 | Changed | ||
| 12.1.8.3 | “taker-of” changed to “take-off” | ||
| 12.1.9 12.1.9.1 | New heading and paragraph inserted | ||
| 12.2 | Form title changed | ||
| 13.1.1 | Heading changed | ||
| 13.1.1.1 | Changed | ||
| 13.1.1.1A | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 13.1.1.2 | “CASR 121B” changed to “CASR Part 121B” | ||
| Table 13.1-1 | Table headings changed New note inserted after table | ||
| 13.1.2.3A | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 13.1.3.3 | Changed | ||
| 13.1.3.6 | New paragraph inserted | ||
| 13.1.4.1 13.1.4.2 | Changed | ||
| 1.1 | February 2003 | All | Reissued |
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