FAMILY COURT OF AUSTRALIA
| KOYROYSHS & KOYROYSHS | [2020] FamCA 626 |
| FAMILY LAW – PARENTING – Relocation – where the mother seeks to relocate with the child to City Q in Country D or alternatively Tasmania – where Country D is a state party to the Hague Convention but there is no system of registration of foreign court orders and there are practical difficulties associated with enforcement under the Convention – where travel to City Q is very difficult from Australia – where the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted international travel and would require quarantine – where the mother purchased a property in Tasmania for investment purposes – where the mother’s inability to promote the child’s relationship with the father and her mental health militate against placing the child primarily in the mother’s care at a long distance from the father – where it was found to not be in the best interests of the child to relocate to Country D or Tasmania – where the parties were in agreement for the child to live with the mother if orders were made for the child to reside in the Sydney area – where the presumption of equal shared parental responsibility applies and has not been rebutted in the best interests of the child – where orders for equal shared parental responsibility were made – where the child is to live with the mother and to spend substantial and significant time with the father – where the father and the Independent Children’s Lawyers seek a restraint on both parties relocating beyond a defined radius – where parties restrained from relocating the child more than 30 kilometres from the location of the child’s preschool or school. FAMILY LAW – PROPERTY – short marriage of two and half years – where the father sought orders for release to him of the balance of funds presently held in a joint account, a payment of $50,000 from the wife, secured by an order for the sale of a Tasmanian property if the wife does not comply – where the mother sought orders for the property to be divided between the parties 40% to her and 60% to the father, with a cash payment from the father to effect the division – where father made substantial financial contributions at the commencement of cohabitation – where the father is self-employed and owns several properties – where the mother is unemployed but in receipt of income from a tenanted property in Tasmania and has financial support from her parents – where mother received distributions pursuant to court orders during the proceedings – where an adjustment was made in favour of the wife for future needs – where orders were made for overall division of 73% to the father and 27% to the mother. |
| Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) ss 4, 4AB, 60CA, 60CC, 61C, 61DA, 65D(1), 65DAA, 65DAB, 65DAC, 75, 79, 80, 81 |
| Adamson & Adamson (2014) FLC 93–62 AMS v AIF (1999) 199 CLR 160 |
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- AGLC
- Koyroyshs & Koyroyshs [2020] FamCA 626
- Case
- [2020] FamCA 626
- Decision Date
CaseChat Overview and Summary
The court was required to determine the best interests of the child in relation to the proposed relocation, considering factors such as the practical difficulties and quarantine requirements associated with travel to Country D due to the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mother's inability to promote the child's relationship with the father, as well as her mental health. Additionally, the court had to address the division of the parties' property, taking into account the father's substantial initial financial contributions, his self-employment and property ownership, and the mother's unemployment but receipt of rental income and financial support from her parents.
In relation to parenting, the court found that relocation to Country D or Tasmania was not in the child's best interests. The presumption of equal shared parental responsibility was not rebutted, and orders were made for the child to live with the mother and spend substantial and significant time with the father. Both parties were restrained from relocating the child more than 30 kilometres from the child's current preschool or school. For property division, the court considered the short duration of the marriage and the parties' respective financial contributions and future needs, making an adjustment in favour of the mother for her future needs.
The court ordered the discharge of previous parenting orders and established equal shared parental responsibility for the child. The child was to live with the mother, with specific arrangements for the father to spend substantial and significant time with the child, including detailed provisions for school holidays and special days. Both parties were restrained from relocating the child beyond a 30-kilometre radius from the child's school. In terms of property, the balance of funds in a joint bank account was to be transferred to the parties in specified amounts, and each party was declared the sole owner of other assets held in their respective names, with provisions for indemnifying each other against existing debts.
Orders
Orders of the court
Parenting
1.
All previous parenting orders in relation to B born … 2015 (referred to as “the child”) be discharged.
Parental Responsibility
2.
That Mr Koyroyshs (“the father”) and Ms Koyroyshs (“the mother”) (collectively known as “the parties”) have equal shared parental responsibility for the child.
Schooling
3.
The child remain at her preschool, which she attends as at the date of these Orders, until her primary schooling commences in 2021.
4.
The child commence primary school in January 2021 and in the event the parties fail to come to an agreement as to which school the child enrols in prior to 31 August 2020, the parties shall proceed as follows:
(a) The mother will nominate three primary schools at which the child may be enrolled, provided that none of the schools nominated be private schools unless the father consents in writing;
(b) The father will nominate one of the three schools within seven (7) days of receipt, failing which the mother nominate one of her three; and
(c) The parties each shall do all acts and things and sign all documents necessary to cause the child to be enrolled in the school the father has nominated or in the absence of the father’s nomination, the school as nominated by the mother.
Live with
5.
The child live with the mother.
6.
Both parties are restrained from relocating the child more than 30 kilometres from the location of the child’s current preschool or her school as agreed between the parties or as selected in accordance with these Orders.
Spend time with and communication with the child
7.
The father spend time with the child until the commencement of school in 2021 as follows:
(a) From the date of these Orders until 30 September 2020, each Tuesday and Thursday from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm and each alternate weekend from 10:00 am Saturday until 5:00 pm Sunday.
(b) From 1 October 2020 until 31 December 2020 each Tuesday and Thursday from 10:00 am to 5:00 pm and each alternate weekend from 10:00 am Friday to 5:00 pm Sunday.
(c) From 1 January 2021 each week from 10:00 am Tuesday to 10:00 am Wednesday and each alternate weekend from 10:00 am Friday to 5:00 pm Sunday.
8.
From the commencement of school in 2021 the father spend time with the child as follows:
(a) In week 1, each alternate weekend from the conclusion of school Thursday to the commencement of school the following Monday;
(b) In week 2, from the conclusion of school each alternate Thursday to the commencement of school Friday; and
(c) One half of all school holidays as agreed to between the parties and failing agreement the first half in 2021 and each alternate year thereafter and the second half in 2022 and each alternate year thereafter.
9.
If the child is not already spending time with the father, and notwithstanding any other Order the child is to spend additional time with the father as follows:
(a) On Christmas Day, at such times as agreed between the parties and failing agreement, between 9:00 am on Christmas Eve to 6:00 pm Boxing Day in odd-numbered years commencing 2020 and the father’s time be suspended between 9:00 am on Christmas Eve to 6:00 pm on Boxing Day in even-numbered years commencing 2021;
(b) On New Year's Eve, at such times as agreed between the parties and failing agreement, between 2:00 pm on New Year's Eve until 6:00 pm on 1 January in odd-numbered years commencing 2021 (New Year’s Eve 2021) and the father’s time be suspended between 2:00 pm on New Year's Eve until 6:00 pm on 1 January in even-numbered years commencing 2020 (New Year’s Eve 2020);
(c) The father’s time is suspended on Country D … New Year each year from 10:00 am to 6:00 pm with the child to spend such time with the mother.
(d) On Father's Day from 9:00 am to 5:00 pm and the father's time be suspended between 9:00 am to 5:00 pm on Mother's Day;
(e) On the father's Name Day being … December, at such times as agreed between the parties and failing agreement from 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm on weekdays or 9:00 am to 5:00 pm on weekends;
(f) On the child's Name Day being … November, at such time as agreed between the parties and failing agreement from 4:00 pm to 8:00 pm on weekdays or 9:00 am to 5:00 pm on weekends;
(g) On … Easter at such times as agreed between the parties and failing agreement from 6:00 pm Thursday on the night before Good Friday to Easter Sunday at 10:00 am in even-numbered years commencing 2020 and the father’s time be suspended from 6:00 pm Thursday on the night before Good Friday to Easter Sunday at 10:00 am in odd numbered years commencing 2021; and
(h) At such other times as agreed between the parties.
10.
The child communicate with each of the parties when she is not in their care as agreed between the parties and failing agreement via Skype, telephone or other electronic communication at 6:00 pm on each Wednesday and Sunday and as otherwise requested by the child.
11.
Neither party will unreasonably prevent the child from communicating with the other parent, as stipulated in Order 10, and each parent party will facilitate at all times the child’s communication with the other party in accordance with these Orders.
Changeover
12.
Changeover take place at all times in accordance with all applicable government social distancing requirements:
(a) at the child’s school; or
(b) if the child is not at school, unless otherwise agreed in writing by the parties, changeover take place as follows:
(i) The father collects the child at the commencement of his time with the child from the McDonalds Restaurant closest to the mother’s residence; and
(ii) The mother collects the child at the conclusion of the father’s time with the child from the McDonalds Restaurant closest to the father’s residence.
Conduct
13.
The parties are restrained from striking the child or otherwise physically disciplining the child.
14.
Neither party denigrate the other party or any other future partner, family member or friend whilst in the presence or hearing of the child or allow, with their knowledge, a third party to do so.
15.
Each party will take all necessary steps to encourage and foster the child’s relationship with the other party.
16.
That the mother and father are restrained from permitting the child to be in the presence of or within earshot of any third party who engages in discussing details of these proceedings or parenting arrangements with the child and shall take all necessary steps to immediately remove the child from such a situation.
Travel
17.
Both parties be permitted to take the child interstate during the time that the child is in their care provided the travelling party has given the other party 30 days written notice of the proposed travel.
18.
Unless otherwise agreed between the parties in writing:
(a) The mother and father, by themselves, their servants or their agents are restrained from removing or attempting to remove the child from the Commonwealth of Australia.
(b) The mother is restrained from obtaining a Country D passport for the child unless the father has consented in writing.
19.
The Court requests that the Australian Federal Police place the name of the child, B (born … 2015) on the Airport Watch List at all points of international arrivals and departures in Australia for the purpose of preventing removal of the child from Australia until the child attains the age of 16 years.
20.
The Marshal and all offices of the Australian Federal Police and the police forces are requested and authorised to give effect to these Orders.
Communication
21.
Within seven (7) days of the date of these Orders both parties do all acts and things to subscribe to the application known as “Our Family Wizard” and each pay their own costs for the application and conduct all communication regarding all matters relevant to the child using this application unless otherwise provided in these Orders or otherwise agreed between the parties.
22.
Each parent will keep the other informed of:
(a) Their mobile telephone number and home address within 48 hours of the change occurring.
(b) The names and addresses of treating medical or other health practitioners who treat the child.
(c) any serious medical condition or significant health issue or significant injury suffered by the child, as soon as reasonably possible but within 24 hours, shall notify the other parent of and provide the other parent with full details of the said illness, medical condition or injury including but not limited to medical certificates and details (including contact details) of the medical professional attended upon.
23.
The parties communicate by telephone for all matters of an urgent nature regarding the child.
24.
The mother and father are restrained from sending each other text messages or other correspondence of, or otherwise communicating in, a derogatory or denigrating nature.
Other matters
25.
The mother continue to engage with her psychologist, Ms R, for the purpose of facilitating time arrangements and co-parenting arrangements between the father and the child, including implementing treatment recommendations, such as medications, until the psychologist forms the view the therapy is no longer required.
26.
The mother take all necessary steps to enrol in and undertake to completion a Triple P parenting program.
COVID-19
27.
At all times, both parties shall take all necessary steps to comply with any state and federal government orders and directions made by reason of the COVID-19 pandemic, including maintaining appropriate social distancing guidelines.
28.
Without prejudice, the father may at any time determine at his sole discretion that by reason of the COVID-19 pandemic, including government restrictions, he is unable to spend any time with child specified in these Orders.
29.
In addition to any statutory obligations for consultation to reach consensus about major long-term issues in relation to the child, both parties shall use their best endeavours to communicate regularly by phone, text message, email or other means, to seek agreement on the management of issues affecting the child arising from the COVID-19 pandemic.
Disputes or Variations
30.
The process to be used for resolving disputes about the interpretation, implementation or enforcement of Orders 1 to 29 shall be as follows:
(a) The mother and the father shall do all things necessary to attend counselling or mediation with an organisation recognised under the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth) (“the Act”) or by the Commonwealth Attorney General; or
(b) The mother and the father shall participate in family dispute resolution with a person authorised under section 10G of the Act.
31.
Before an application is made to a court for a variation of these Orders to take account of the changing needs or circumstances of the child or of the mother or the father:
(a) The mother and the father shall do all things necessary to attend counselling or mediation with an organisation recognised under the Act or by the Commonwealth Attorney General; or
(b) The mother and the father shall participate in family dispute resolution with a person authorised under section 10G of the Act.
32.
Pursuant to sections 65DA(2) and 62B of the Act, the particulars of the obligations these Orders create and the particulars of the consequences that may follow if a person contravenes these Orders and details of who can assist the parties adjust to and comply with an Order are set out in the Fact Sheet attached hereto and these particulars are included in these Orders.
Property
33.
That the parties do all acts and things and execute all documents so as to transfer the balance of monies held in the ANZ Bank Account jointly held in the names Mr Koyroyshs and Ms Koyroyshs, being Account Number …78, as $243,238 to the father and $209,046 to the mother.
34.
Except as otherwise provided in these Orders, the parties are each declared the sole owners in equity and at law, to the exclusion of each other, to all items of property and financial resources, including furniture, jewellery, household items, choses-in-action, motor vehicles, money in bank accounts and superannuation entitlements held in their respective names, possession or control as at the date of these Orders.
35.
Subject to these Orders, the parties are to remain solely liable to the exclusion of the other in respect of any debts, liabilities or claims held in their respective names, possession or control and each party shall indemnify the other and keep the other so indemnified in respect of any debts, liabilities or claims connect with or arising from any assets, entities or liabilities retained by that party.
36.
In the event that either party refuses to do any act or thing or sign any document necessary to give effect to these Orders, a Registrar or Judge of the Family Court of Australia at Sydney is appointed pursuant to section l06A of the Act to do any such thing or execute any such document at the cost of the defaulting party.
37.
If any party seeks or presses an order for costs, an appropriate application to the Court may be made within 28 days of today’s date (supported by any documentary material) to be filed and served within that time period and a copy forwarded to my Chambers. If no such application is made within the time period specified, no order will be made as to costs.
Background
Background to the litigation
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Evidence
Evidence Before The Court
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Decision
Reasons for decision
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Ratio Decidendi
Legal Principle Established
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