Knowles & Douglas

Case [2021] FamCA 160


FAMILY COURT OF AUSTRALIA

Knowles & Douglas [2021] FamCA 160

File number(s): PAC 1229 of 2019
Judgment of: HANNAM J
Date of judgment: 26 March 2021
Catchwords: FAMILY LAW – COURTS AND JUDGES – Disqualification – Apprehension of bias – Where the mother contends awareness of compromise parties had reached grounds feared deviation from deciding case on its merits – Where there is no basis upon which a fictional observer might reasonably apprehend that I might not bring an impartial and unprejudiced mind to the resolution to the parenting dispute between the parties – Application dismissed.
Legislation: Family Law Act 1975 (Cth)
Cases cited:

Ebner v Official Trustee in Bankruptcy [2000] HCA 63; 205 CLR 337

Salerno & Salerno [2015] FamCA 774

Silva & Phoenix [2018] FamCAFC 41

Re JRL; Ex parte CJL [1986] HCA 39; (1986) 161 CLR 342

Number of paragraphs: 50
Date of hearing: 13 October 2020
Place: Parramatta
Counsel for the Applicant: Mr Livingstone
Counsel for the Respondent: Ms Mahony
Solicitor for the Independent Children's Lawyer: Ms Lam

ORDERS

PAC 1229 of 2019
BETWEEN:

MS KNOWLES
Applicant

AND:

MR DOUGLAS
Respondent

ORDER MADE BY:

HANNAM J

DATE OF ORDER:

26 MARCH 2021

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1.The mother’s Application in a Case filed 4 August 2020 seeking that I recuse myself is dismissed.

Note:   The form of the order is subject to the entry in the Court’s records.

Note: This copy of the Court’s Reasons for judgment may be subject to review to remedy minor typographical or grammatical errors (r 17.02A(b) of the Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth)), or to record a variation to the order pursuant to 17.02 Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth).

IT IS NOTED that publication of this judgment by this Court under the pseudonym Knowles & Douglas has been approved by the Chief Justice pursuant to s 121(9)(g) of the Family Law Act 1975 (Cth).

.

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

HANNAM J:

INTRODUCTION:

  1. Since March 2019 the parties have been involved in a dispute concerning the future parenting of their only child, a boy aged almost nine (“the child”). The salient issue in these proceedings is whether the father poses an unacceptable risk of harm to the child on the basis of sexual abuse.

  2. Shortly after trial directions were made in April 2020, the parties reached agreement in relation to final parenting orders for the child with which the Independent Children’s Lawyer (“ICL”) agreed. Proposed orders in these terms (“the proposed orders”) were sent by email to my chambers on 4 June 2020 and filed with the Court a few days later.

  3. The proposed orders provide in summary that the parties hold equal shared parental responsibility for the child and that the child live with the mother and spend time with the father which is to be initially supervised by the paternal grandparents.  The children’s time with the father under the proposed orders will then gradually become unsupervised and increase to each alternate weekend and half of each school holiday. Other…

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AGLC
Knowles & Douglas [2021] FamCA 160
Case
[2021] FamCA 160
Decision Date

CaseChat Overview and Summary

In the matter of *Knowles & Douglas*, the applicant mother, Ms Knowles, sought the recusal of Hannam J from presiding over parenting proceedings concerning the parties' child. The dispute involved serious allegations of child abuse made by the mother against the father, which the father denied. The proceedings had been allocated to the Magellan Program due to the nature of the allegations.

The central legal issue before the court was whether a fair-minded lay observer, aware of the circumstances, might reasonably apprehend that the judge could not bring an impartial and unprejudiced mind to the resolution of the parenting dispute. This required the court to consider the mother's contention that the judge's awareness of potential compromises or the nature of the allegations might lead to a deviation from deciding the case strictly on its merits.

Hannam J dismissed the mother's application, finding no basis for a reasonable apprehension of bias. The judge reasoned that the test for apprehended bias is an objective one, requiring a fictional observer to hold a reasonable fear of partiality. The judge concluded that the mere fact of being aware of the allegations, the existence of the Magellan Program, or the contents of an expert report (which had not yet been tested) did not, in themselves, provide grounds for such an apprehension. The judge's role was to determine the parenting dispute based on the evidence presented, and there was no indication that this role would be compromised.

The mother's application seeking the recusal of Hannam J was dismissed.

Orders

Orders of the court

PAC 1229 of 2019

BETWEEN:

MS KNOWLES

Applicant

AND:

MR DOUGLAS

Respondent

ORDER MADE BY:

HANNAM J

DATE OF ORDER:

26 MARCH 2021

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

1. The mother’s Application in a Case filed 4 August 2020 seeking that I recuse myself is dismissed.

Note: The form of the order is subject to the entry in the Court’s records.

Note: This copy of the Court’s Reasons for judgment may be subject to review to remedy minor typographical or grammatical errors (r 17.02A(b) of the Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth)), or to record a variation to the order pursuant to 17.02 Family Law Rules 2004 (Cth).

Background

Background to the litigation

The question for me to determine is whether a fair minded lay observer might reasonably apprehend that I might not bring an impartial mind to the resolution of the matters yet to be determined in the proceedings. BACKGROUND The mother who is 28 and the father who is 36 commenced a relationship in 2011. The child was born in 2012. The parties separated in 2015 after a breakdown in their relationship. The child was around three when the parties separated and they agreed upon an informal arrangement whereby the child resided with the mother during the week and with the father on weekends. The mother commenced parenting proceedings in relation to the child in March 2018 seeking final and interim orders that the child live with her, that she have sole parental responsibility for him and that the father be restrained from having any contact with or otherwise approaching the child. In her Notice of Risk filed when she commenced the proceedings, the mother alleged that the father had sexually abused the child sometime prior to 24 December 2018 and physically abused him in the same year including on at least one occasion in November 2018. I am not aware of the mother’s current proposed orders. As I understand it, the father denies all allegations of abuse made against him and seeks parenting orders so that he may be involved in the child’s life, but I am not aware of the terms of his current proposal. The proceedings were allocated into the Magellan Program[1] a short time after they were initiated and a Magellan Report was prepared and released to the parties on 1 May 2019.[1] The Magellan program is a fast-track Case Management program in the Family Court that deals with serious allegations of physical and sexual child abuse. A Magellan report sets out the involvement of the Department of Communities and Justice with the family. Following an interim hearing before a Senior Registrar on 29 May 2019, interim orders were made for the child to spend time with the father every Sunday for six hours and that such time be supervised by either the paternal grandmother and/or the paternal grandfather. The parties also consented to other orders including that the child live with the mother, orders relating to notification in the event the child had a significant illness or hospitalisation, mutual restraints on the parents’ conduct and also for the appointment of an expert to prepare a report for the purposes of the proceedings. The expert report dated 16 January 2020 was released to the parties in February 2020. For the purposes of the background to this application, I set out some of the contents of the expert’s report. This in no way suggests that the Court has accepted the opinion of the expert which has to date not been tested through cross-examination. In one paragraph relevant for the purposes of these proceedings the expert opines:I note that [the mother] indicated she would experience a finding by the court that [the child] had not been abused difficult to reconcile and she may require therapeutic support if this outcome is realised.

Evidence

Evidence Before The Court

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Decision

Reasons for decision

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Ratio Decidendi

Legal Principle Established

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