Jerkins, Gregory Bruce v Caltex Oil (Australia) Pty Ltd

[1981] FCA 202

--	EX TEMPORE
I N THE FEDERAL COURT OF AUSTRALIA - - )

)

V I C T O R I A N	DISTRICT	REGISTRY	)	VG No.	162 of	1 9 8 1
1

GENERAL DIVISION )

I N THE MATTER OF T h e P e t r o l e u m R e t a l l

M a r k e t i n g F r a n c h i s e Act 1980

Between: GREGORY RRUCE JERKTNS A N D -__.

DEBRA ANN JERKINS

Applicants

-	And:	CALTEX O I L (AUSTRALIA) PTY.	I_
LIMITED.

Respondent

Coram: S m i t h e r s J.

1 2 O c t o b e r 1 9 8 1

Melbourne

REASONS FOR JUDGMENT

By a n a p p l l c a t l o n d a t e d t h e 1 0 t h d a y of September

1981 and amended on 22 Sep tember 1981 t he app l i can t s seek

r e l i e f as f o l l o w s : -

1. An o r d e r p u r s u a n t t o s . 1 6 ( 4 ) of t h e P e t r o l e u m F e t a l 1

M a r k e t l n g F r a n c h l s e Act 1980 ( t h e Act) t h a t t h e n o t i c e

d a t e d 2 1 s t d a y of Augus t 1981 s l g n e d o n b e h a l f of t h e

r e s p o n d e n t a n d s e r v e d 011 t h e a p p l i c a n t s i n r e l a t i o n t o

t h e premises known as C a l t e u A u t o P o r t , L a k e s E n t r a n c e

2.

i n t h e S t a t e o f V i c t o r i a h a s n o e f f e c t .

2 . t h e I n a l t e r n a t i v e t h e y seek a n o r d e r p u r s u a n t t o

s.17(10) of t h e Act d i r e c t i n g t h e r e s p o n d e n t t o r e n e w

t h e f r a n c h i s e a g r e e m e n t b e t w e e n t h e a p p l i c a n t s a n d t h e

r e s p o n d e n t r e l a t i n g t o t h e s a i d premises.

3. A n c i l l i a r y Or c o n s e q u e n t l a l O r d e r s a s t h e C o u r t

deems f i t , i n c l u d i n g i n t e r l o c u t o r y e l i e f a n d a n

O r d e r t h a t t h e r e s p o n d e n t , i t s s e r v a n t s a n d a g e n t s b e

r e s t r a i n e d f r o m t a k i n g a n y a c t i o n i n r e l a t i o n t o t h e

s a i d n o t i c e p e n d l n g t h e h e a r i n g a n d d e t e r m i n a t i o n of

t h i s a p p l i c a t i o n .

T h e s e p r o c e e d i n g s r e l a t e t o a n a g r e e m e n t o r

a g r e e m e n t s b e i n g f r a n c h i s e a g r e e m e n t s w i t h i n t h e m e a n i n g o f

t h e Act, m a d e b e t w e e n t h e a p p l i c a n t s , who a re s e r v i c e s t a t i o n

propr ie tors a t L a k e s E n t r a n c e i n t h e S t a t e o f V i c t o r i a a n d t h e

Respondent a p e t r o l e u m c o r p o r a t i o n w h l c h o w n s t h e m a r k e t i n g

premises t h e s u b j e c t of t h e s a i d a g r e e m e n t s . On 10 March 1 9 7 7

t h e second named a p p l i c a n t a n d l a t e r t h e f i r s t named s l g n e d a

f r a n c h i s e a g r e e m e n t w i t h t h e r e s p o n d e n t c r e a t i n g a l i c e n c e i n

t h e a p p l i c a n t s l n t h o s e premises f o r a p e r i o d o f t w e l v e m o n t h s

b u t s u b j e c t , a s p r o v i d e d by c l a u s e 3 ( a ) o f t h e a g r e e m e n t , t o

d e t e r m i n a t i o n b y t h e r e s p o n d e n t a t any time by t h l r t y d a y s

n o t i c e i n w r i t i n g . By t h e s a i d a g r e e m e n t t h e r s p o n d e n t

g r a n t e d a n d t h e a p p l i c a n t s a c c e p t e d a l icence:-

3 .

" ( a ) t o use i n common w i t h L i c e n s o r e i t s

workmen s e r v a n t s a n d a g e n t s

( i ) t h e l l c e n c e d b u l l d i n g s d e s c r i b e d I n

P a r t B o f t h e S c h e d u l e [ t h e r e t o ]

( i i ) l l c e n c e d t h e f a c i l i t i e s m o r e

p a r t i c u l a r l y d e s c r i b e d i n P a r t C o f

t h e S c h e d u l e [ t h e r e t o ]

(b) t o h a v e a c c e s s o v e r t h e s a i d l a n d s d e s c r i b e d

i n P a r t A o f t h e S c h e d u l e [ t h e r e t o ] f o r t h e

p u r p o s e s a f o r e s a i d . "

By c l a u s e 7 it was p r o v l d e d t h a t t h e l i c e n s e e s s h o u l d

" . . . p a y t o t h e L i c e n s o r m o n t h l y i n a d v a n c e

o n t h e f l r s t d a y o f each and eve ry mon th a

r e n t a l a t t h e r a t e o f $ 4 0 per m o n t h f o r t h e

l e a s e o f t h e [ g o o d w i l l o f t h e b u s i n e s s

conduc ted on the premlses 1 . . . I t

By c l a u s e 28 i t was p r o v i d e d t h a t

" T h e L l c e n s e e s h a l l p a y t o t h e L i c e n s o r f o r

t h e L i c e n c e h e r e b y g r a n t e d a l i c e n c e fee as

f o l l o w s : -

( a ) t h e sum o f $ 4 0 0 per m o n t h o n t h e f i r s t

d a y o f e a c h a n d e v e r y m o n t h , t h e f i r s t

p a y m e n t ~f n e c e s s a r y b e t o a

p r o p o r t i o n a t e o n e , p l u s

(b) a n a d d i t i o n a l sum o n e a c h s u c c e e d i n g

q u a r t e r d a y i n r e s p e c t o f p e t r o l

s u p p l i e d	i n e x c e s s	of	[ a g a l l o n a g e n o t
s t a t e d ]	. . ."

The s a i d a g r e e m e n t a l s o c o n t a i n e d t h e f o l l o w i n g p r o v i s i o n s ,

n a m e l y ,	c l a u s e	3 ( b )	o f	t h e	s a i d	ag reemen t	In	t h e	f o l l o w i n g
terms :	-

" ( b ) i f t h e L i c e n s e e s h a l l c o n t l n u e t o u s e t h e

s a l d b u l l d i n g s a n d f a c l l i t i e s w i t h c o n s e n t

4 .

of t h e L i c e n s o r a f t e r t h e s a i d p e r i o d o f

t w e l v e ( 1 2 ) months he s h a l l remain upon the

same t e r m s a n d c o n d l t l o n s a s a r e h e r e i n

c o n t a i n e d PROVIDED HOWEVER THAT t h e L i c e n s o r

may a t any tlme d e t e r m i n e t h l s L l c e n c e b y

g i v i n g 30 d a y s n o t l c e I n w r i t i n g t o t h e

L i c e n s e e a n d t h a t t h e L i c e n s e e may d e t e r m i n e

t h i s L i c e n c e b y g i v l n g t o t h e L i c e n s o r n o t

l ess t h a n 3 m o n t h s ' n o t i c e ~n w r i t l n q

e x p l r l n g a t t h e e n d o f a n y successive p e r l o d

o f t w e l v e m o n t h s f i r s t r e f e r r e d t o I n t h i s

C l a u s e . "

C l a u s e 3 ( c ) i n t h e f o l l o w i n g terms:-

"(c) t h e L i c e n s o r may d e t e r m i n e t h e l i c e n c e

w i t h o u t n o t i c e i n t h e v e n t o f n o n - p a y m e n t

of a n y d e b t o w l n g b y t h e L l c e n s e e t o t h e

L i c e n s o r a n d r e m a i n i n g u n p a l d f o r a p e r ~ o d

o f s e v e n ( 7 ) d a y s a f t e r becomlng due;"

Clause 20 i n t h e f o l l o w i n g t e r m s : -

" 2 0 . I n t h e e v e n t o f t h e L i c e n s e e c o n d u c t i n g t h e

s a i d b u s i n e s s f o r l e s s t h a n 7 7 h o u r s I n a n y week

or f o r less t h a n C 1 h o u r s o n a n y d a y ( e x c e p t Good

F r i d a y , C h r i s t m a s Day or Anzac Day) o r f a i l l n g t o

c o n d u c t t h e s a i d b u s i n e s s o n C h r i s t m a s Day or

Anzac Day d u r i n g s u c h o u r s a s a re from tlme t o

time p e r m i t t e d b y law, o r , i n c a s e o f d e f a u l t b y

t h e L i c e n s e e i n p a y m e n t of a n y m o n i e s d u e

h e r e u n d e r o r b r e a c h a n y o f o f t h e terms and

c o n d i t i o n s of t h i s L i c e n c e , o r i f b a n k r u p t c y or

i n s o l v e n c y p r o c e e d i n g s a r e i n s t i t u t e d a g a i n s t t h e

L i c e n s e e , o r i f t h e L l c e n s e e makes a n y a s s i g n m e n t

t o a t ru s t ee f o r c r e d l t o r s or c o m m l t s a n y a c t o f

b a n k r u p t c y o r i f a n y j u d g e m e n t o f a n y C o u r t i s

g l v e n , or a n y a t t a c h m e n t o r g a r n l s h e e p r o c e e d l n g s

or e x e c u t i o n i s l e v i e d o r i n s t l t u t e d a g a i n s t t h e

L i c e n s e e , or i f h e s h a l l b e f o u n d g u l l t y o f a n y

i n d i c t a b l e o f f e n c e , t h e L i c e n s o r may w i t h o u t

n o t i c e I m m e d i a t e l y t e r m i n a t e t h i s L l c e n c e . "

T h e a p p l i c a n t s h a v e c o n d u c t e d b u s i n e s s a t t h e

premises a s from 1 9 7 7 onwards. In March 1 9 8 0 t h e r e s p o n d e n t

5.

increased the monthly rent and licence fee from a total of

$440 to $480. In early 1981 the respondent removed from the premlses a large petrol tank of 26,0001itres being part of the

licensed facilities, thereby reducing the reserve capacity

thereof. In July of 1981 the representative of the respondent

informed the applicants that as from the month of May 1981 and thereforward the total monthly rent would be $530 in lieu of

$480. He requested the applicants to instruct their bank to

transfer that amount each month to the respondent. The

applicants agreed to pay such increased rental and gave a cheque for $100 being the increase for May and June and gave instruction to the bank as required and thereby have paid and provided payment of such increased additional rent as from July 1981.

By letter dated 21 August 1981 the respondent

notified the applicants, as follows:-

“We give notice that you are in breach of the

above mentioned licence agreement in	the following
respects:

(a) In breach of Clause 12, you have, wlthout

being licensed by us, made on or to the land

referred to in that Clause an addition

consisting of a four square pre fabricated

building.

(b) In breach of Clause 10, you have used a

licensed building, namely the dwelling

house, for a purpose other than the

operation of a Petrol Service Statlon

Garage, in that you have placed a third party in occuption of the dwelling house and that third party is presently in occupation of It.

6.

H e n c e , p u r s u a n t t o C l a u s e 3 ( a ) a n d 3 ( b ) o f t h e

above ment ioned agreement , we HEREBY DETERMINE

y o u r l i c e n c e a n d a d v l s e y o u of 30 d a y s n o t i c e

e f f e c t i v e f r o m t h e d a t e b e l o w . "

I t 1s I n r e s p e c t o f t h i s n o t l c e t h a t t h e a p p l i c a n t s seek

r e l i e f p u r s u a n t t o s .16 o r s . 1 7 o f t h e Act.

By n o t r c e o f m o t i o n d a t e d t h e 1 7 t h d a y o f September

1 9 8 1 t h e b e d i s m i s s e d p u r s u a n t r e s p o n d e n t seeks a n o r d e r t h a t t h e a p p l i c a t i o n h e r e l n

t o Order 2 0 r . 2 ( 1 ) o n t h e b a s l s t h a t t h e

C o u r t d o e s n o t h a v e j u r i s d r c t i o n t o h e a r t h e a p p l i c a t l o n .

H e r e l n I r e f e r t o t h e r e s p o n d e n t company a s t h e r e s p o n d e n t

a l t h o u g h o n t h i s l a s t ment ioned mot ion i t i s t h e a p p l i c a n t .

The p a r t i e s s e e k , a t t h i s t a g e , t h a t o n l y t h i s m o t l o n be

d e a l t w l t h , t o g e t h e r w i t h a n y m a t t e r s c o n s e q u e n t i a l t h e r e o n .

I n r e s p e c t o f t h e c l a i m for r e l i e f u n d e r s.lG t h e

a p p l l c a n t s m u s t show t h a t t he re was an agreement whlch was

e n t e r e d I n t o o n or a f t e r t h e d a t e o f t h e commencement o f t h e

Act, namely , 19 September 1 9 8 0 . The on ly way t h e a p p l i c a n t s

c a n d o t h i s i s t o show t h a t t h e r e was an agreement by way o f

r e n e w a l a r i s l n g o u t of t h e r e q u e s t f o r t h e i n c r e a s e i n r e n t

f o r pas t a n d f ? l t u r e m o n t h s w h i c h o c c u r r e d i n J u l y 1 9 8 1 , a l l l e d

p e r h a p s w l t h t h e c h a n g e i n t h e l l c e n s e d f a c i l i t i e s f o l l o w i n g

upon t he r emova l o f t he 26 ,000 l l t r e t a n k .

I n t h i s c o n n e c t i o n t h e p a r t l e s r e l i e d upon what was

sard by Dlxon C . J . a n d F u l l a g a r J . ~n T a l l e r m a n & Co. P t y .

1 .

L t d . v . N a t h a n ' s M e r c h a n d l s e ( V i c t o r i a ) P t y . L t d . ( 1 9 5 6 ) O H

C.L.R. 93 a t p.112, where I n respect o f an ag reemen t made

o r l g l n a l l y I n Melbourne and var ied I n S y d n e y t h e y s a i d : -

"There IS o n l y o n e c o n t r a c t , a n d o n e w o u l d t h i n k

i t c l e a r t h a t t h a t c o n t r a c t m u s t , ~f i t e v e r

b e c o m e s m a t e r l a l t o I n q u i r e where i t was made, be

r e g a r d e d a s made a t t h e p l a c e where i t was

o r i g i n a l l y c o n c l u d e d . T h e v a r l a t i o n a f f e c t s t h e

c o n t e n t o f t h e o b l i g a t i o n b u t n o t h e o b l l g a t r o n

i t s e l f . The place where t h e p a r t i e s a s s u m e d t h a t

o b l l g a t i o n , a n d b e c a m e b o u n d t o n e a n o t h e r , is

t h e place w h e r e t h e l r c o n t r a c t was r e a l l y made."

Bu t I t IS c l e a r t h a t when t h e I n q u i r y is n o t w h e r e t h e

c o n t r a c t	1s made,	bu t	when	t h e	c o n t r a c t	c o n t a i n l n g	a l l	o f	t h e
II

terms i n t r o d u c e d b y t h e v a r i a t i o n w a s m a d e , I t wou ld no t seem

n e c e s s a r i l y i n c o n s l s t e n t w i t h p a s s a g e e q u o t e d t h a t it

s h o u l d b e s a i d t h a t t h e c o n t r a c t w a s e n t e r e d i n t o when t h e

p a r t i e s e n t e r e d i n t o t h e terms which became binding upon them

a t t h e time o f t h e v a r i a t i o n a n d n o t b e f o r e . The i n q u i r y i s a

d i f f e r e n t o n e f r o m t h a t u n d e r c o n s i d e r a t i o n I n T a l l e r m a n ' s

+

- C a s e . A c c o r d i n g l y t h e r e c o u l d well be an issue a s t o w h e t h e r

o r n o t whether t he re was an agreement by way o f r enewa l and , i f so ,

i t was made by way o f v a r i a t i o n o f t h e o r l g i n a :

c o n t r a c t i n J u l y 1 9 8 1 , so t h a t t h e terms o f t h e a c t u a l

c o n t r a c t w h i c h e x i s t e d o n 1 0 S e p t e m b e r 1 9 8 1 c o n t a l n e d some

terms which were e n t e r e d l n t o i n 1 9 7 8 a f t e r t h e e x p i r a t i o n o f

t h e f l r s t twe lve mon ths o f t he ag reemen t and some terms which

were e n t e r e d i n t o I n J u l y 1 9 8 1 .

If t h i s issue were d e t e r m l n e d i n f a v o u r o f t h e

appllcants then the appllcants would be able to show that the licence under whlch they were holding on 10 September 1981 was a llcence which was a franchlse agreement which had been entered into subsequent to the commencement of the operation of the Act. In thls connection, of course, the definition of

renewal agreement In sub-sectlon 4 of s . 3 is relevant and also

the deflnltion of agreement in sub-sectlon 1 of s . 3 .

If there were such a new agreement by way of renewal

the question would arise whether the notice of 21 August 1981

.

was a notlce of termination which, even if not a notice of

termination under clause 20 of the relevant agreement, was

nevertheless effectlve as a notice of terminatlon under s.16

of the Act. If it were, then the remaining issue would be the

question of whether the applicants were entitled to relief on

grounds of justice and equity.

If there were no new agreement made In July 1981, no

renewal of the agreement, then s.16 does not apply to the

franchise agreement existing between the parties on 10

September 1981. But according to its terms s.17 does apply.

It was said that s.17 does not operate where an agreement has

been termlnated and that this agreement was termlnated. This was based on the notron that wrth respect to an agreement to which s.16 applies and which has been terminated pursuant to thst sectlon, and in respect of whlch relief under that section had been refused, s.17 would not operate to require

renewal of the licence agreement.

This 1 s no doubt correct, but it is to be noted that

determination pursuant to a notice of determination of a periodic licence OK licence for an indefinlte period subject to determlnation by notice of specified length is not one of

the grounds of terminatlon specified in s.16.

Sectron 16 does not provide for a notice on the ground of the nature of the notice to quit having been glven. Yet agreements for perlods for periodic licences, being

necessarily of uncertain duration but determinable on notice of some speclfied duratlon, and agreements for indefinite

duration slmilarly determinable on notice, are permissible

under the Act, for Instance, by way of renewal	- see s.13,
sub-sectlon (1).

A licence for three years certain wlth provrsron for

later determination thereafter on notice would comply with

s.13 sub-section (1). Also, section 16 would apply to such an

agreeyent. Accordingly, if determination by notice were

regarded as termination within the meaning of s.16, such an agreement could never be brought to an end unless one of the particular circumstances specifled In s.16 arose. That would be a completely unacceptable sltuatlon. It would be quite

lncompatible wlth the scheme of the Act and the apparent

objectives of the Act if such a licence agreement could only

10.

b e b r o u g h t t o a n e n d u n d e r s . 1 6 .

I f s u c h a n a g r e e m e n t 1s b r o u g h t t o a n e n d by t h e

s p e c l f i e d n o t l c e , it is my v iew t h a t t h e a g r e e m e n t h a s n o t

b e e n t e r m l n a t e d w i t h i n t h e m e a n l n g o f t h a t term i n s . 1 6 , i t

h a s e x p l r e d p u r s u a n t t o I ts own terms. As a n e x p i r e d l i c e n c e

agreement s .17 would opera te upon i t a c c o r d i n g t o Its terms.

I n t h l s case it would be open t o t h e r e s p o n d e n t t o

a r g u e t h a t t h e n o t l c e o f 2 1 A u g u s t d i d t e r m i n a t e t h e ag reemen t

f o r b r e a c h , a c c o r d i n g so t h a t i t d l d n o t e x p l r e b u t was t e r m i n a t e d

t o I ts own terms. If t h a t were so, s . 1 7 would no t

operate upon t h e ag reemen t .

T h i s i s a r g u a b l e , b u t o n t h e f a c e o f t h e n o t i c e o f

21 August 1981 t h e r e is much t o b e s a i d f o r t h e v i e w t h a t

a l t h o u g h t h e g i v i n g o f i t i s s a i d t o h a v e b e e n i n d u c e d by

a l l e g e d b r e a c h e s o f t h e l l c e n c e a g r e e m e n t w h i c h m i g h t have

s u p p o r t e d t e r m i n a t i o n f o r t h w i t h u n d e r c lause 20 t h e r e o f , ~t

was d e l i b e r a t e l y n o t g l v e n a s a n o t i c e o f t e r m i n a t i o n u n d e r

c l a u s e 20 b u t a s a n o t i c e o f d e t e r m l n a t i o n u n d e r c l a u s e 3 ( b ! .

T h a t is a clause w h l c h p r o v i d e s f o r n o t i c e o f d e t e r m i n a t i o n

apa r t a l t o g e t h e r f r o m a n y q u e s t i o n s o f b r e a c h .

I f t h e a l l e g e d t e r m i n a t l o n w e r e b r o u g h t a b o u t by

n o t i c e u n d e r c l a u s e 3 ( b ) , t h e n i n my v i e w t h e l i c e n c e

ag reemen t was n o t t e r m i n a t e d w i t h i n t h e m e a n i n g o f t h a t term

11.

i n s . 1 6 , o p e r a t e u p o n b u t e x p i r e d a c c o r d i n g t o I t s own terms and s.17 would

i t .

$ h e r e i s a qualitative d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n

t e r m i n a t i o n u n d e r c l a u s e 2 0 which would take e f f e c t f o r t h w i t h

a n d e t e r m l n a t i o n o f t h e l l c e n c e u n d e r c l a u s e 3 ( b ) - I n t h e

o n e case t h e r i g h t s a n d o b l i g a t i o n s o f t h e p a r t i e s c e a s e

f o r t h w l t h . I n t h e o t h e r t h e y c o n t i n u e u n t r l t h e i c e n c e

e x p i r e s a t h e n d of t h e p e r i o d o f t h e n o t i c e . I n a case

l i k e t h e p r e s e n t , c o n t i n u a t i o n o f t h e m u t u a l o b l i g a t i o n s o f

t h e pa r t i e s f o r 30 d a y s was a m a t t e r o f c o n s i d e r a b l e p r a c t r c a l

s i g n i f i c a n c e .

I f e e l n o d i f f i c u l t y i n a d o p t i n g t h e v i e w t h a t a n

ag reemen t i n r e s p e c t o f w h r c h s.17 w o u l d o t h e r w r s e o p e r a t e o n

t h e e x p r r a t i o n t h e r e o f 1s one on which i t o p e r a t e s , n o t o n l y

i f i t e x p i r e s b y t h e x p i r a t i o n of a f i x e d t e r m , b u t a l s o

w h e r e t h e term, b e i n g u n c e r t a i n b u t d e t e r m i n a b l e b y s p e c i f i e d

n o t i c e , e x p r r e s a t t h e e n d o f n o t i c e g l v e n a c c o r d i n g t o t h e

terms o f t h e a g r e e m e n t .

To e x c l u d e from t h e b e n e f l t s o f s.17 a f r a n c h i s e

ag reemen t of s u c h a na tu re t h a t i t 1s of u n c e r t a i n d u r a t i o n

b u t d e t e r m r n a b l e by a n o t i c e w o u l d seem t o b e s u p p o r t e d b y no

r e a s o n w h i c h o n e c a n t h i n k o f c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e scheme of

t h e Act	and ,	Indeed ,	i t would	seem	t o	b e	o u t	of	harmony	w i t h
-~

t h e o b j e c t s o f t h e Act.

I t seems c l e a r t h a t s . 1 7 w o u l d a p p l y t o a n a g r e e m e n t

f o r a f l x e d term w h i c h e x p i r e d b y p e r h a p s e v e n a few d a y s -

o n e d a y - a f t e r t h e commencement o f t h e Act. T h a t i t s h o u l d

n o t a p p l y o n n o t l c e t o a n a g r e e m e n t o f u n c e r t a i n d u r a t i o n d e t e r m l n a b l e

a n d , I n d e e d , p e r h a p s d e t e r m l n a b l e o n n o t i c e o f q u l t e

s u b s t a n t i a l d u r a t l o n wou ld be s t r ange .

A l l t h e s e c o n s i d e r a t i o n s r a i s e q u e s t i o n s o f f a c t a n d

law w h i c h a c c o r d i n g a s t h e y may b e d e c i d e d may g o s u f f i c i e n t l y

rn f a v o u r o f t h e a p p l l c a n t s t o s u p p o r t a c l a i m f o r r e l i e f

under S.16 OK S.17.

T h e r e 1s a c c o r d i n g l y j u r i s d i c t i o n I n t h e C o u r t o

e n t e r t a i n a n d d e a l w i t h t h e i s s u e s so r a l s e d . The a p p l i c a n t s

a l l e g e f a c t s w h i c h i f t h e y e s t a b l i s h them will b e s u f f i c i e n t

t o e n t l t l e them t o r e l i e f u n d e r o n e o f t h o s e s e c t i o n s .

A c c o r d l n g l y , I m a k e t h e o r d e r w h i c h I h a v e a l r e a d y

I n d i c a t e d a n d d i s c u s s e d w i t h c o u n s e l .