Jarrad, Clifford v Nissan Motor Manufacturing Company (Australia) Ltd

[1979] FCA 61

IN FEDERAL COURT O F AUSTF~LIA)

INDUSTRIAL D I V I S I O N

V I C T O R I A D I S T R I C T REGISTRY

B E T W E E N: - CLIFFORD JAPAAD

Claimant

k	N	D:	N I S S A N PIOTOR iGJaF~.CTLTINC
CO. (AUSTRALIA) LTD.

R e s p o n d e n t

O R D E R

J U n G E NUKING O m R : S r n l t h e r s A . C . J .

* DATE O F ORDER: 26 June 1979

WHERE IbTADE : M e l b o u r n e

THE COURT ORDERS THAT:

l. T h e s u m m o n s here ln be d l s r n l s s e d .

' I N THE: FEDERAL COURT O F AUSTRALIA )

I k ~ U S T R I A L D I V I S I O N ) V. KO. 9 o f 1979

V I C T O R I A D I S T R I C T R E G I S T R Y

II'J T E E NATTEFi o f t he C o n c l l l ; . t i o n :nd

A r b l t r e t l o n A c t 1904

B E T W E E N: C L I F F O R D ,TARR&D

A N D: N I S S A i i TI'IOTOR PWJWFACTURING

CO. (AUSTRALIA) LTD.

R e s p o n d e n t

, ,

S m i t h e r s A . C . J .

26 June 1979

REASONS FOR JUDGi'zENT

SDIITHERS A. C . J . :

Before t h e Court i s a sumons t o answer a c l a m f o r

p e n a l t y i s s u e d under s.119 of t h e C o n c l l i s t l o n and ; . r b ~ t r a t l o n

Act 1904.	The c l a n i s based upon t h e 211egatior? t h e t
-

t h e respondent committed a breach o f The Nissan A-ustral la

Vehicle Inciustry Award 1976 ( t h e Awsrd) by fall in^ t o

pay t o c e r z a i n of i t s named employees b e ~ n g members of 'hc

Vehicle Bu i lde r s EmployeesrFederation o f A u s t r a l i a t h e

r a t e s p r e s c r i b e d by c l a u s e 20 of t h e P.x:?rd f o r w ~ r k ~ e r f o r o e r l by such

employees on 23 and 24 Xarch 1978 and 24 and 25 A ; 3 r l l 1978.

I n an a f f ~ d a v l t accompanying t h e summons t h e s e c r e t a r y of thc

Victorian branch of t h e o r g e n l z a t i o n a l l e g e s t h a t t h e

r e l e v a n t employees commenced work on a s h i f t extending from

6 p.m. on 23 March 1979 and ending a t 2.10 a.m. on 24 I4arch and

a l s o commenced work on a shif tcommenclrg a t 6.00 p.m. on 21.

A p r l l 1978 and endlng a t 2.10 2.m. on 25 A p r l l 1979. He

s t a t e s t h a t is respec* of t h e work performed on such s h l f t s

t h e employees were e n t l t l e d t o be p a i d a t t h e r a t e of zwo

and one-half t imes t h e o rd ina ry r a t e pursuanz t o c l ausc 20

*

of t h e Award, "&e terms of which a r e s e t o u t below.

A doculnent e n t l t l e d ItAgreed Sts tement of F ~ c t s ' ~

h a s Seen f l l e d ln t h e ma t t e r and t h e p a r t l e s havo n ? t i t t c o p t e d

t o go beyond i t s terms. The terms o r t h l s docuncnt a r e a s

fo l lows : -

"1. That t h e Vehlcle Bu i lde r s Employees' Federa t ion of

A u s t r a l l a i s an organization of employees registered

under t h e C o n c l l l a t i o n and A r b i t r a t i o n Act 190L.

2. That Nissan Motor Manufacturing Company ( A u s t r a l l a )

Ltd. i s and was a t a l l m a t e r i a l t lmes a company

du ly inco rpo ra t ed pursuant t o t h e Compenies Acts

of t h e S t a t e of Vic tor ia .

3.   That on the? 23rd and 24th March 1978 and on the

24 th and 25 th A p r l l 1978 r;he persons named i n t h e

Summons o u t of whlch t h e s e proceedings a r l s e ( t i le r e l e v e n t employees) were employed by Nissan Motor

Manufacturing Company (Australia) Ltd. p u r s u r n t
t o an award of t h e A u s t r a l i a n C n n c l l l a t i o n and
Arbitration Commlsslon e n t l t l e d t h e Nissan A u s t r d l d
Vehicle I n d u s t r y Award 1976 ( t h e 4-v~ard).
4.	That each of t h e r e l e v a n t employees was on t h e Z>rd
Varch 1978 and t h e 24th T*!arch "978 and on t n e ?Ltc
A p r i l 1978 and 25 th A p r i l 1.375 3 f u l l - t u n e ::c-ckly

wage employee employed on s h l f t work.

5.	That Good Fr iday and Anzac Day, h c l l d a y s pursuant
t o Clause 2 of t h e Award, -#ere gran ted on t h e
24 th Warch 1978 and t h e 25th Apr l l 1978 r e s p e c t l v e l y .
6.	From t h e 4 t h J u l y 1977 u n t l l t h e 27th November
1978, and including tine p e r i o d cover lng t h e 23rd

March 1978 and t h e 24th Apr i l 1978, each of t h e

r e l e v a n t employees was r o s t e r e d f o r du ty on an

a f t e rnoon s h l f t commencing a t 6.00 p.n. on T$Ionday,

Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, and Fr lday of each week and finishing a t 2.10 a.m. on t h e following morning.

7.	The r e l e v a n t employees were n o t r e o u l r e d t o work by
Nlssan Motor Manufacturing Compeny ( A u s t r a l i h ) Ltd.
du r ing t h e s h l f t s commencing a t 6.00 p.1~1. on t h e

24th >larch 1978 and 25 th A p r i l 1978, t h e y being

g ran ted such s h l f t s a s t h e Good Fr iday and Arlzac

Day ho l idays n t h o u t deduct ion of pay and t h e

r e l e v a n t employees resumed work on t h e n e s t ros t i . red

s h l f t , namely a t 5.00 p.m. on t h e 27th Karch 1975

and t h e 25th Apr i l 1979 r e s p e c t l v e l y .

8. That i n r e s p e c t of e l l work performed on he a f t? rnoon

s h i f t s commencing on t h e ; I r d IiIarch 1973 and on ?;he

24th Apr i l 1978 and f l n l s h i n g on t h e 24th iblerc:-L and

25th Apr l l 1978 r e s p e c t i v e l y , each of t h e re1evar.r

employees was p a l d h i s o rd lna ry r a t e of pay t n g c t h e r

w i t h t h e a p p r o p r i a t e s h i f t penal-cy and was ~ o ya ld t

a t t h e r a t e of tiqo and one-half t lmes h i s o rd lnary

r a t e of pay , except t h a t f o r a l l t lme worked dur lng

shuch s h i f z s , namely from n i d x g h t t o 2.10 e . m . on

t h e 24th Ivlarch 1978 and 25th A p r l l 1978 t h e r e l e v a n t

employees' pay was made up t o a r a t e of two and

one-half t imes h l s o rd lna ry r a t e by without

p r e j u d i c e payments made by Nissan Motor Manufacturing

Company ( A u s t r a l i a ) Ltd. on 2 1 s t June 1978 and 12 th

J u l y 197e.

9. That C l i f f o r d LTarrad i s an o f f i c e r of t h e Vehlcle

Bui lders Employees' Federa t ion who i s a u t h o r l z e ~

under t h e Rules of t h e o r g a n l z a t l o n t o sue on beha l f

of t h e organization.

? O .	That on t h e 23rd March 1978 and t h e 24th I4arch 1979,
24th A p r i l 1978 and t h e 25th Apr i l 1978 each of
rhe r e l e v a n t employees was a member of t h e Vehicle
Bu l lde r s Employees' Federa t log . l'

The .4ward provldes f o r two c l a s s e s of employees,

namely, day workers and s h l f t workers. The c3ra1a1, (;rdln=r;l

hours of day v~ork?rs a r e 40 p e r week, to be vlorked i n

f i v e days and n o t more t h a n e i g h t hours p e r d.>y i'londay t o

F r iday i n c l u s i v e and n o t more then f o u r hours on

Sa turday , o r , i n f i v e days on Monday t o Fr iday i n c l u s l v e of e i g h t

hours each.(Clause 1 5 ( a ) ( i ) ) S h i f t workers or-k i n consecut ive s h i f t s

of employees throughout t h e twenty-four hours of each of

a t l e a s t s i x consecutive days , such work being r e f e r r e d t o

a s continuous work. (Clause 1 6 ( a ) ( i i ) ) . The o rd ina ry hours of work of a s h l f t worker may n o t exceed, e l g h t i n any one day, 48 i n any one week o r an average of 40 p e r week dur ing

t h e p e r l o d of employment o r 160 i n twcnty-eight consecuzlvc

days. (Clause 1 6 ( a ) ( l l i ) ) A s h l f t i s t o c o n s i s t of eight

; hours i n c l u s l v e of c r l b t lme. (Clause 1 6 ( e ) ( l v ) ( l ) . Ercepi. a t

t h e r e g u l a r c h e n g e o v ? ~ of s h i f t s , an employee s h a l l n o t b. r cvu l r ed

t o work more zhan one s h l f t i n each 24 hours . ( C l s ~ z ? I ~ ( ? ) ( Z J ) ( Z ) ) .

S h i f t r o s t e r s s h a l l s p e c l f y t h e commenclnE and P ln l sh lng

t lmes of o rd ina ry working hours of t h e respective s h l f t s

( a a u s e 1 6 ( d ) ) . Rates f o r s h l f t workers a r e provided by

c l ause 1 8 of t h e .blard. Such r a t e s i nc lude a d d l t l o n s t o

t h e enployee ' s o rd lna ry r a t e according t o va r ious circum-

s-cances,such a s t h e	seauence	of	n l g h t	s h i f t s and	a f t e rnoon
s h i f t s worked.

It LS provlded by c l a u s e 1 8 ( g ) thatVlh.~here ;.

s h l f t worker ' s normal f o r t y hour r o s t e r r e q u l r e s t h e employee

t o work a f t e rnoon o r n i g h t s h l f ~ on a Saturday, Sunday

o r p u b l i c ho l lday , t h e employee s h a l l be p a l d an a d d l t l o n a l

$3 f o r each such s h i f t provlded he works a compleze s h l f t .

Afternoon s h i f t i s a s h i f t commenclng n o t l a t e r than 6.00p.m.

on any day. Nigh-c s h l f t i s a s h i f t commenclng a t any time

a f t e r 6.00 p.m. on any day (Clause ' ?R(a ) ) .

It 1s provlded by c l ause 2 3 ( e ) of t h c Award tiia-c a wc.?kly

wage employee s h a l l be g ran ted c e r t a l n specified ho l idays

: i i thout deduc t ion of pay. Good F r lday and Anzac Day a r e

s p e c i f i e d holidays. In 1-378 Good Fr lday f e l l on {.larch 24

and Anzac Day on A p r i l 25.

Clause 20 of t h e Award i s headed: "Holiday Work and Rates

Thci-ef o r e	( s i c ) . l'	The	r e l e v a n t p a r t s a r e i n t h e	following
terms :-

" ( a ) h employee who works on a h o l i d a y s h a l l be p a i d

t h e r e f o r e ( s i o ) a t t h e r a t e of two and one-half t lmcs

h i s o rd ina ry ra te .

( b ) A sh1f-c commencing be fo re 10.45pm on a ho l ldzy s h a l l

be regarded a s a ho l iday s h l f t and a l l work done

thereon s h a l l be p a l d f o r a-c t h e r a t e of t v o and one-

h a l f tlrnes -che o rd lna ry r a z e .

( c ) 3:ccept a s provlded i n sub-clause ( e ) hereof 2 s h i f ' t

conrnenclng a t 10.45 p r o r Setwecn 10.45 pn and r n l d w g h ~

on a h o l i d a y s h a l l n o t be regarded a s a ho l iday s h l f t

and work done thereon s h a l l n o t e n t i t l e an zmployee

t o t h e ho l iday r a t e .

( d ) Except a s provlded i n sub-clause ( e ) hereof a shift

commencing before a i d n i g h t on t h e day preceding a

h o l i d a y and ex tending I n t o t h e h o l l d a y s h a l l be

regarded a s a h o l i d a y s h l f t and a l l work done thereon

s h a l l be p a i d f o r a t t h e r a t e of two and one-half

t imes t h e o rd ina ry r a t e .

( e ) Notwitnstanding sub-clauses ( c ) and ( d ) hereof where

an employee i s r o s t e r e d f o r a s h i f t which t e rmina t e s

on a ho l iday and a s h i f t which commences on t h e same

ho l lday , one s h i f t on ly s h a l l be regarded a s the

h o l i d a y s h i f t and such s h i f t s h a l l be t h e one, t he

major p o r t i o n of which f a l l s on the ho l iday .

( f ) An employee, o t h e r t h a n one on s h i f t work, r equ l r ed

t o work on a ho l lday s h a l l be p a l d f o r a rnlnlmvri

of f o u r h o u r s t work a t t h e appropriate ra-ce.

5.

( j ) For t h e purposes of t h l s c l ause ' h o l i d a y ' means a day

r e f e r r e d t o i n c l a u s e 23 of t h l s award.

(k) Payments prescribed by t h i s c l ause s h a l l s t a n d a lone ana

s h a l l n o t be	lnc luded f o r any o t h e r purposes	of	t h i s
award.

It was s a l d by Miss Hlckey, counsel for3 t h e c le lment ,

t h a t t h e s h i f b which commenced a t 6.00 ? . m . on 2: Yarch end 21, k p r l l ,

being s h i f t s which commenced before mlclnlght on those deys enc.

e x t e n d e d ' i n t o t h e holiday, t h e r a t e of pay f o r t h e work

performed i n those s h l f t s was t h a t provlded f o r such s h i f t s

i n c l a u s e 20(d) . But of course i f i t be t h a t t hp employees

i n ques t lon were r o s t e r e d f o r t h e sh l f t swh ich commenced a t

6.00p.m. on 2h March and 25 A p r l l t hen by reason of c l a u s e 20(e) ,

t h o s e s h i f t s on ly were t o be regarded a s ho l lday s h i f t s . T h e presence

of t h e word "onlyn i n c l a u s e 20 (e ) removes any amblgulty i n t h a t

r e s p e c t .

The agreed s ta tement of f a c t s records t h a t t h e employees

were r o s t e r e d f o r du ty f o r t h e s h i f t commencing a t 6.00p.m. on Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Fr iday of eech veek du r ing a p e r i o d extending from 4 Culy 1977 u n t l l

27 Novembsr 1978 and inc lud ing t h e p e r l o d cover ing 2 3 iblarch '"378

and 24 Ap\pril 1978. Prima f a c l e t h e r e f o r e c l ause 2 0 ( e ) ;:<S

; a p p l i c a b l e -CO -these employees. Yo\~ev.;r, b l i s s Hlckey coni;enas t;?a< i n

c l ause 2O(e) of t h e Award and para .6 of t h e agreed s ta tement

of f a c t s t h e r e f e r e n c e t o an employee being r o s t e r e d f o r a

s h i f t i s t o be cons t rued a s a r e f e renc? t 3 an employee 7 . ~ 1 1 0

i s bo th r o s t e r e d f o r end r e q u l r e d t o work on t h a t s h l f t . It

fo l lows , s o she argued, t h a t because t h e employees were n o t

r e q u i r e d t o work on t h e s h i f t s commencing a t 6.00 ?.m. on

24 March 1978 and 25 Apr i l 1978 ,as s t a t e d i n pa ra .7 of t h e

a greed Sta tement of f a c t s , t h e y were n o t r o s t e r e d f o r those

sh i f - t rw l th in t h e meanlng of c l ause 2 0 ( e ) .

I am unable t o accep t t h i s argument. Clause 20 i s

obvious ly Intended t o l a y down guidelines i ~ l t h r e s p e c t t o

t h e implementation, i n r e s p e c t of s h l f t workers, of tkic

requi rements of c l ause 27 t h s t t h e employees s h a l l 5c t:ranted

a h o l i d a y on each of c e r t a l n specified cleys. Such gnlde1,nec

were e s s e n t i a l because particular s h ~ f t s may a~:a a p p a r e n t l y

f r e q u e n t l y do extend from one day i n t o t h e nex t .

For a day worker it i s c l e a r t h a t he i s t o be g ran ted

t h e day o f f . That means i n subs tance t h a t he v 1 1 1 1 n o t work

du r ing t h e hours i n r e s p e c t of vrhich he was r o s t e r e d or! f o r

t h a t day bu t w i l l be p a d o rd ina ry r a t e s i n r e s p e c t of t hose

hours . The day of a day worker does n o t extend beyond midnight on

any p a r t i c u l a r day. He 1s t o be g ran ted t h e day o f f and i f he is

r e q u i r e d t o work on t h a t day c l a u s e 2 0 ( a ) w i l l e n t i t l e hlm t o pay-

merrtat two and one-half t lmes t h e o r d ~ n e r y r a t e . S i m i l a r l y

t h e s h i f t worker must be al lotred a day o f f . The obvious vray

t o do t h i s i s t o designate a s h l f t , 211 o r p a r t of t he d u r a t l o n

of which f a l l s i n t h e h o l i d a y , a s t h e s h l f t i n r e s p e c t of' which

t h e ho l lday entitlements s h a l l apply. Once it 1s l d o n t l f l c d

b

t h e eup loye r ' s ob l lgax ion i s t o pay o rd ina ry r a t e s f o r t h a t

s h i f t a l though no work 1s done o r t o pay two and one-helf

t imes h i s o rd lna ry r a t e i f -che employee i s r e q u i r e d t o \ror!<

t h e r e i n . That c l ause 20 conternplates t n a t t h e ho l idey pay

of a s h i f t worker who t a k e s h i s ho l iday w i l l be f o r one s h l f t

i s supported by c l ause 2 3 ( e ) . Thereby t h e s h i f t worker whose

r o s t e r e d o f f shift f a l l s on a h o l i d a y s h a l l , u n l e s s it f a l l s on

a Sa turday o r Sunday, be p a i d " f o r t h a t dayt1 a t h i s o rd ina ry

r a t e . I n o t h e r words h i s r o s t e r e d s h i f t f o r t h a t day, a l though

a r o s t e r e d off s h l f t , 1 s h l s p a i d ho l iday . I would a l s o n o t e , a s M r .

Brown, counsel f o r t h e respondent contend?d,and I thi:& c o r r e c t l y ,

t h a t t h e r e was cons lds rab l e s i g n i f i c a n c e i n t h a t c l zuse X ( e ) 1 5 ,

i n c o n t r a s t witin sub-clauses ( b ) , ( c ) and ( d ) , s l l e n t ? S t o whether

work i s done on any ? a r t i c u l a r s h i f t and concprns i t s ~ l f only wi th

whether o r n o t t h e r e l e v a n t employee was r o s t e r e d f o r a

p a r t i c u l a r s h i f t .

It would have been a conceivable way of p rov ld lng a

h o l i d a y f o r s h i f t workers on s p e c l f l e d holld.2ys t o s t a t e s l ~ > l y t h a t

t h e r e should be a paid r e s p l x e from work, o r ~ ,?yr ;nn t 31; t i ~ o and one-half

t lmes o rd ina ry r a t e s f o r work done, du r ing t h a t p s r t of a h o l l m y ~ h l c h

f e l l w i t h l n s h i f t s f o r v~hich t h e employees .).ere r3sterc.d on.

such simplicity was a p p a r e n t l y regarded a s u n s a t i s f a c t o r y no

doubr. because of t h e way s h l f t s might f a l l on a ho l lday .

According t o t h e time s l o t s of va r ious s h i f t s it could occur t h a t

t h e h o l i d a y p a i d t ime o f f of a s h i f t worker would be l e s s t h a n

one whole s h i f t . Thus i f a s h i f t endpd a t 2.00 a.m. on themornlng of

t h e h o l l d a y and t h e nex t d i d n o t commence mtl l s a y 8.00 p.m. on

t h e evening of t h e ho l iday t h e s h i f t workers t ho l iday would be

on ly s l x hours long. But day workers r e c e l v e pay i n respect

of e l g h t hours o f f work on t h e ho l lday . I t would be u n f a l r

-chat s h i f t workers should r ece ive l e s s and i n any event t h e

h o l i d a y concept i s t h e t of a "day of f" . .L p r o v l s l o n t h e r e f o r e , t h a t t h e

s h i f t worker should r ece lv? a f u l l s h l f t ho l lday was r a t l o c z l

;and f a i r . I n a d d i t i o n ending endcommenclng s h i f t s a t m l d n l g h ~

s o 2s t o a l l ow a s t r i c t twenty-four hour ho l lday f o r s h l f t workers

could w e l l have been inconvenient both f o r employer and employee.

Accordingly t h e b a s l s of	t h e concept of	a ho l lday s h l f t can
be seen.

But i f t h e ho l iday was t o be f o r a shift t h a t s h i f t had

t o be	i d e n t i f i e d so t h a t employers and employees would ltnow
which	s h i f t t h e employees were t o t a k e o f f . The r e s u l t was

t h a t f o r s h i f t workers a p a r t i c u l a r s h l f t i s s o e c i f l e d t o be

t h e h o l i d a y s h i f t .

The system i n s t i t u t e d by c l ause 20 has some

advantages f o r t h e employee. Thus L;r an enployw?

working f o r i n s t a n c e on a s h l f t cornmenclng before l0.'15p.n.

on a h o l i d a y t h e t ime du r lng which ho11dqy b e n e f l t s e r e

a p p l i c a b l e on t h e b a s l s t h a t he may p o s s l b l y work on the

ho l iday ou+side any o t h e r r o s t e r e d s h l f t may extend i r o n

jus t a f t e r midnight on t h e mornlng of t h e ho l iday u n t l l

some hours l n t o t h e nex t day. But %here he does work on

t h e h o l i d a y on ano the r r o s t e r e d s h l f t , a s d i d t h e employees i n

t h i s c a s e , i t i s a consequence of sub-clause ( e ) t h a t he s h e l l work

t h e r e i n and work a t o rd lna ry r a t e s . This o t h e r s h l f t i s n o t

a h o l i d a y s h i f t . When sub-clause ( e ) d e c l a r e s t h a t t h e

o t h e r s h i f t i s n o t a h o l l d a y s h i f t t h e implication is t h z t

it i s a s h i f t i n r e s p e c t of which ho l iday entitlements,

such as, n o t t o work and y e t be p a i d , o r t o work e t two and

one-half t lmes o rd ina ry r a t e s , do n o t ap;lly. Thls a spec t

of c l a u s e 20 1s a n a t u r a l i n c i d e n t of t h e conccpt of t h e

ho l iday s h l f t . It msans t h a t from sub-clause ( e ) t h c r e

+ a r i s e s a p rov l s lon t h a t t h e ho l lday b e n e f l t s do n 3 t epply t o w2r l c

performed l n t h e s h l f t which i n t r u d e s inxo t h e ho l iday but

which i s n o t t h e ho l lday s h l f t . When sub-clause ( e )

provides t h a t t h a t s h l f t , t h e major p o r t i o n of vihich f a l l s

on t h e h o l i d a y be regarded a s t h e ho l lday s h l f t and t h a t

one s h i f t on ly s h a l l be s o regarded it i s say ing t h a t

t h e employee must work t h e o t h e r s h i f t on o rd lna ry terms.

There i s l i t t l e p o i n t i n say ing t h a t zhe o t h e r s h l f t i s n o t a

h o l i d a y s h i f t u n l e s s i t means t h a t t h e employee must work

t h e r e i n a t o rd ina ry r a t e s . The on ly distinction between

h o l l d a y s h i f t s and s h i f t s t h a t a r e n o t ho l iday shifts i s

t h a t i n r e s p e c t of a non-hollday s h i f t t h e employee musx

work t o be p a i d h i s o rd lna ry pay. Clause 2C)(e) 1s

identifying t h e s h l f t i n r e s p e c t of ~v~h lch accordlng t o sub-

c l a u s e s ( b ) ( c ) and ( d ) two and one- h a l f t lmes ordin'ary rat1:s

a r e t o be pa ld l f work i s performed rh- rein.

It i s an e s s e n t i a l q u a l i t y of a ho l lday s h l i t i d e n t l -

f i a b l e i n accordance wi th c l ause 2O(e) z h a t it be a s h i f t

i n r e s p e c t of which t h e employee i s r o s t e r e d on accord lng t o

a previously established r o s t e r . It is apparen t from t h e

agreed s t s t emen t o f f a c t s t h a t , a s viulould be e q e c t e d , r o s t e r s

a r e e s t a b l i s h e d w e l l i n advance. And i n t h i s case loolcing

a t t h e r o s t e r it was c l e a r t h a t t h e ho l lday s h i f t accord lng

t o sub-clause ( e ) was t h a t commencing a t 6.30 ?.m. on t h e

evenlng of each ho l lday . That ho l iday s h i f t vdas t r e a t e d a s

p a i d t ime o f f by bo th employers and employees. This was

t h e inevitable r e s u l t of c l a u s e s 20 and 2 3 of t h e Award.

.

That s h i f t could n o t cease t o be t h e r o s t e r s d on s h l f t f o r

t h e purposes of sub-clause ( e ) by reason of thar s u b - c l a u ~ e belng

implemented by t h e employees n o t being r e q u l r e d t c work

t h e r e l n i n accordance w i t h t h e Axard.

I t was suggested by Mlss Hlckey, a t l e a s t i m p l i e d l y , t h a t rhe

c ~ d l t l o t l a l b e n e 2 i t s vrhich >.rould 2 : c r ~ t o a s h l f t worker i f t h e

construction of c l a u s e 20 f o r which she contends were adopted

should be viewed a s b e n e f l t s compensating f o r t h e lnconvenience

and burdens of working o r t a k l n g a h o l i d a y a t unusual hours .

But such conpensat lon i s a l r e a d y provided i n t h e h lghe r

r a t e s f o r s h i f t work and t h e d i f f e r e n t l a i r a t e s f o r

v a r l o u s s h l f t s . So f a r a s ho l idays a r e concerned such

compensation i s r e f l e c t e d i n t h e r p t e s payable i n respec-,

of t h e employee's t ime o f f o r t h e h g h e r p e n a l t y r a t e s i n

r e s p e c t of t lme worked on t h e ho l lday s h i f t .

I am s a t i s f l e d t h e r e f o r e t h a t f o r t h e purpose of t he

Award,ln r e s p e c t of t h e employees who worked on t h e s h i f t s

commencing a t 6.00p.m. on 23 March and a t 6.00 p.m. on

24 Apr i l 1978, t n e r e l e v a n t ho l lday s h i f t s were those commencing

a t 6.00 p.m. on 24 March and 25 Apr i l r e s p e c t i v e l y .

Accordingly t h e i r ho l lday b e n e f l t s pursuant t o c l euse

20(b) and ( e ) were t hose a p p l i c a b l e t o t hose s h l f t s .

It remalns t o cons ide r whether i n t h e even t s t h a t

happened those employees were e n t i t l e d t o payment i n r e s p e c t

of t h e t ime worked by t h e n from midnight t o 2.10 a.m. on

.	24 I4arch and 25 April 1978 a t two and one-hal' I rimes
o r d i n a r y r a t e s pursuant t o c l ause 2 0 ( a ) . They c e r t e l n i y
were e~llployees who worked on a ho l iday . Accordingly pursuanz
t o t h e l i t e r a l meanlng of sub-clause ( a ) t h e y were e n t l t l e d
t o payment i n accordance ~;herevl+J~. But sub-clsuse ( a )
must be r ead i n t h e con tex t of t h e o t h e r p rov i s ions of t h e
Award. And s o f a r 2s s h i f t workers a r e concerned I
t h i n k t h e con tex t r e q u l r e s t h a t t h e l l t e r a l meanlng of sub-
c l ause ( a ) g ive way i n r e s p e c t of time worked by s h l f t

workers on a ho l iday bu t i n a s h i f t which pursuant t o sub-

c l a u s e ( e ) i s n o t a ho l iday s h i f t .

Clause 2 0 ( a ) a p p l i e s c l e a r l y enough t o a day vwrker'.

According t o t h e A m r d he would n o t w d l n a r l l y do a y work

on t h e day designaxed a s a ho l iday . The r e s u l t 1- t h a t he

r e c e i v e s t ~ and one-half o t lmes r a t e s f o r any work he does

do a t any t lme on + h a t day.

But t h e s h i f t v ~ o r k e r ' s ho l iday i s i n a sense a

s h i f t i n g a f f a i r . It 1s c l e a r t h a t an i d e n t l f l e d ho l iday

s h i f t may, and f r e q u e n t l y w i l l . e i t h e r commence before

t h e day of t h e des igna ted h o l i d a y beg ins o r extend l n t o t h e

fo l lowing day. It fo l lows t h a t , depending upon t h e time-

s l o t and d u r a t i o n of t h e h o l i d a y s h l f ~ , t h e p e r l o d dur ing

which t h e s h i f t worker v a l l be o f f work o r e n t i t l e d t o two

and one-half t lmes o rd lna ry ra tes , t h a t i s t h e per lod i n

r e s p e c t of whlch holiday o b l i g a t i o n s of t h e employer and

e n t i t l e m e n t s of t h e employee v111 p e r s i s t , w ~ l vary. l T!ms

I n t h e case of t h e enployees t h e s u b j ~ c t of t h e s e

proceedings t h e l a s t s h l f t which commenced before z h e h o l l d a y ended

a t 2.10 a.m. on t h e ho l lday . A f t e r a l a p s e of almost s l x t e e n hours

t h e h o l i d a y s h l f t commenced 1 .e . a t 6.00 p.m. ar.d contlfiued f o r

e i g h t hours and t e n minutes. I n t h a t ca se t h e ho l lday

o b l i g a t i o n s and e n t i t l e m e n t s p e r s i s t e d f o r twenty-four

hours . Had t h e s i t u a t i o n been t h a t t h e e a r l i e r s h i f t s had

ended a t 12.10 a.m. on t h e ho l iday and t h e nex t

s h i f t had s t a r t e d a t 8.10 p.m. on t h e ho l iday , t h e ho l iday

o b l i g a t i o n s and en-citlements vrould have cont inued dur lng

twenty hours and e l g h t hours t h e r e a f t e r , namely f o r

twenty-eight hours i n a l l . Had t h e e a r l l e r s h i f t ended a t

L4.00 a.m. on t h e ho l iday and t h e n e x t s h l f t s t a r t e d

f o u r t e e n hours l a t e r a t 6.00 p.m. and continued f o r e l g h t

hou r s u n t i l 2.00 a . m . t h e nex t mornlng, t h e ho l lday

o b l i g a t i o n s would have persisted f o r on ly twenty-two hours . Thls

p e r i o d .would vary s i m i l a r l y , i f f o r i n s t a n c e , as Miss Kickey

sugges t s i n r e l a t i o n t o t h i s l a s t example, t h e f o u r hours

worked on t h e mornlng of t h e ho l lday .were inc luded i n t h e

h o l i d a y pe r iod .

Havlng r ega rd t o t h e discussion above concerning t h e

i d e n t i f i c a t i o n of t h e ho l iday s h i f t , t h e provisions of

c l a u s e 20 a r e seen n o t on ly t o i d e n t l f y t h e shif t vhlch i s

t h e ho l iday s h l f t , f o r ~vhlch s p e c l a l r a t e s apply i f work 1s

done t h e r e i n , bu t a l s o t o p rov lde t h a t work done i n any o t h c r

s h l f t , a l though on t h a t day, i s n o t work t o whlch t h e

ho l iday o b l l g a t l o n s apply. Pursuant t o c l ause 2 0 ( e ) t h e r e i s ,

i n t h e c l r c u ~ n s t a n c e s of t h e employees concernpd i n t h l s ca se ,

1 on ly one such s h l f t . Sub-clause ( e ) i s t h e r e f o r e i n conf l . lc t

w i th t h e l i t e r a l terms of sub-clause ( a ) s o f e r a s i t s terms would

ex tend t o work done on t h e ho l iday bu t i n a s h i f t which

accord ing t o sub-clause ( e ) i s n o t a ho l iday s h i f t . A s a

m a t t e r of c o n s t r u c t i o n it appears t o me t h a t i n t h l s c o n f l i c t

sub-clause ( a ) of c l ause 20 must be regarded a s q u a l l f l e d by

t h e o t h e r sub-clauses of c l ause 20 end i n p a r t i c u l a r by t h e

p a r t i c u l a r p rov l s lon f o r s h i f t workers f o r whom sub-clause

( b ) t o ( e ) a r e s p e c i a l l y designed and i n rp spec t o f wnoiil

t h e y prov ide a degree of e q u l t y i n a complicated a l t u e t l o n .

It fo l lows t h a t i n a case such a s t h a t of t h e employees

concerned i n t h i s case t h e i r Anzac Day h o l l d a y s t a r t e d a t

2.10 a.m. on 25 A p r l l and continued u n t i l 2.10 a.m. on

26 A p r i l , a p e r i o d of twenty-four hours . Had t h e i r s h l f t s

been different t h e d u r a t i o n of t h e a c t u a l hours of ho l lday

would have v a r i e d a s i n d i c a t e d above. Bul: t h e r o s t e r s appear

t o be e s t a b l i s h e d w e l l i n advance, by r e f e r e n c e one w ~ u l d

t h i n k , t o c o n s i d e r a t i o n s o t h e r t h a n t h e ho l iday entitlements

which t h e y may a f f e c t and t h e t lme s l o t of s h l f t s which may, a s

demonstrated, favour t h e employer o r t h e employee. But

t h l s does n o t throw doubt on '&-e e s s e n t i a l validity of t h e

conc lus ion t o which I have come. The adjustments t o t h e

l e n g t h of t h e ho l iday a r e merely a consequence of o t h e r

practical considerations by which r o s t e r s a r e e s t a b l i s h e d .

So f a r a s s h i f t workers a r e concerned t h e i r ho l lday s h i f t s

a r e t hose des igna ted i n sub-clauses ( b ) t o ( e ) of c l ause 20.

The work performed on a ho l iday i n any s h i f t n o t d e s i e a t e d

as a ho l iday s h l f t i s n o t performed dur lng a ho l iday s h i f z .

Within t h e meaning of c l ause 2 0 ( a ) work performed by a s h l f t

wor::er i n a s h i f t o t h e r t h a n a ho l lday s h l f t i s n o t 7,rork

performed on a ho l lday . Mlth r e s p e c t t o s h i f t worlters sub-

c l a u s e s ( b ) t o ( e ) must be regarded a s particular p rov l s lons

concerning t h e ho l iday b e n e f l t s of shlft workers. For work

performed by a s h i f t worker on a ho l lday o t h e r t h a n i n

r o s t e r e d on s h i f t t ime sub-cleuse ( 2 ) srould be applicable

and t h e employee would be e n t i t l e d t o t h e r a t e s provlded

f o r t h e r e i n . But t h a t i s n o t t h i s case .

14.

Clause 20(b) r a i s e s some ques t ions n o t answered

i n t h e d i s c u s s i o n h e r e i n , b u t f o r p r e s e n t purposes , it 1s

unnecessary t o endeavour t o cope w l t h them.

It i s t o be observed t h a t t h e r e l e v a n t employees

a r e s a i d i n pa ra . 7 of t h e agreed statemer.t of f a c t s t o have

resumed a f t e r E a s t e r a t 6.00 p.m. on 27 Karch 1978. Thax day

was E a s t e r Nonday, one of t h e s p e c i f i e d days i n c l ause 2 3 ( a )

o f t h e Award. It would seem p o s s i b l e t h e r e f o r e t h a t t h i s

s t a t emen t a s t o t h e t ime of resumption may be i n e r r o r . Even

s o however,	t h e r e s u l t of	t h e s e proceedings v,oula	n o t be
a f f e c t e d .

For t hose reasons t h e summons must be dismissed.

!l I vclrlfy t!l.lt tlus and the 1 3 prececin,g page, ale a t ~ u c c . 0 1 7 ~ 01 the 1

Rmsons 101 J U ~ ~ ~ I I I C I I L l ~ c r r ~ n of the

I Io~~ou~nble hIr. Jurtlcc c-'- I

--TL*A.,~M~	A	s	w	~	a	t	e	/	1 '
: '

Dated: 26 'TNLL 1777

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