Ionizing Radiation Regulations 1985 (SA)

SOUTH AUSTRALIA

IONIZING RADIATION REGULATIONS, 1985

RADIATION PROTECTION AND CONTROL ACT, 1982

Ionizing Radiation Regulations, 1985

being

No. 47 of 1985: Gaz. 4 April 1985, p. 9931

as varied by

No. 165 of 1985: Gaz. 29 August 1985, p. 635
No. 193 of 1988: Gaz. 8 September 1988, p. 10042
No. 234 of 1988: Gaz. 24 November 1988, p. 18303
No. 115 of 1991: Gaz. 27 June 1991, p. 22044
No. 161 of 1991: Gaz. 18 July 1991, p. 309
No. 245 of 1991: Gaz. 12 December 1991, p. 1862
No. 82 of 1995: Gaz. 10 May 1995, p. 20565
No. 115 of 1996: Gaz. 30 May 1996, p. 27236
No. 96 of 1997: Gaz. 13 May 1997, p. 19007
1 Came into operation 1 September 1985 except regs. 2(1), 5, 8-152, 202, 205-207 which came into operation 1 April 1986: reg. 1(2).

2 Came into operation 30 September 1988: reg. 2.

3 Came into operation 1 February 1989: reg. 2.

4 Came into operation 1 July 1991: reg. 2.

5 Came into operation 10 September 1995: reg. 2.

6 Came into operation 1 July 1996: reg. 2.

7 Came into operation 1 July 1997: reg. 2.

Note: Asterisks indicate repeal or deletion of text. For further explanation see Appendix.

PART I—GENERAL

DIVISION I—Preliminary

1. (1) These regulations may be cited as the Ionizing Radiation Regulations, 1985.
(2) These regulations shall take effect as follows:

(a)	regulations 1, 2(2), 3, 4, 6, 7; Divisions IV, V, VI, VII and IX of Part IV; Division VIII of Part IV with the exception of regulation 202; Division II of Part V and Part VI shall take effect from 1 September 1985; and
(b)	all other regulations shall take effect from 1 April 1986.

2. (1) The Radioactive Substances and Irradiating Apparatus Regulations, 1962, made under the Health Act, 1935, on 29 March 1962 and published in the Government Gazette of the same day at page 661, as varied, are revoked.

(2) The Ionizing Radiation (Radioactive Ores) Regulations, 1982 (No. 201 of 1982) made under the Act on 28 October 1982 and published in the Government Gazette of the same day at page 1245 are revoked.

3. These regulations are divided into Parts as follows:

PART I—General

Division I—Preliminary Division II—Definitions Division III—Application
Division IV—General Provisions for Radiation Protection Division V—Radiation Protection
Standards and Limits Division VI—Radiation Safety Officers
Division VII—Monitoring
Division VIII—Records, Reports and Investigations
Division IX—Radiation Incidents, Radiation Accidents and Radiation Emergencies
Division X—Medical Examinations

PART II—Irradiation of Humans for Diagnostic, Therapeutic or

Research Purposes

Division I—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Purposes
Division II—Research Purposes

PART III—Ionizing Radiation Apparatus

Division I—Sale or Disposal of Apparatus Division II—Licence to Operate Apparatus Division III—Registration of Apparatus
Division IV—Special Requirements for Apparatus

PART IV—Radioactive Substances

A—General

Division I—Sale of Radioactive Substances
Division II—Licence to Use or Handle Radioactive Substances
Division III—Accounting for, Storage and Labelling of Radioactive Substances
Division IV—Disposal of Radioactive Substances

B—Sealed Radioactive Sources

Division V—Registration of Sealed Radioactive Sources
Division VI—Special Requirements for Sealed Radioactive Sources

C—Unsealed Radioactive Substances

Division VII—Registration of Premises
Division VIII—Special Requirements for Premises

D—Uranium, Thorium and Radioactive Ores

Division IX—Licence to Mill Radioactive Ores

PART V—Miscellaneous

Division I—Use of Ionizing Radiation in Schools
Division II—Miscellaneous

PART VI—Schedules

Schedule 1—Classification of radionuclides into groups
Schedule 2—Radiation Symbol
Schedule 3—Method for calculating thyroid intakes of Iodine—125 or Iodine—131 from
thyroid burden measurements
Schedule 4—Classification of premises
Schedule 5—Annual dose equivalent limits and weighting factors for individual organs or
tissues
Schedule 6—
Form 1—Pre-employment questionnaire for uranium industry workers
Form 2—Periodic questionnaire for uranium industry workers
Schedule 7—
Form 3—Notice to be given to a purchaser of apparatus
Form 4—Application for a licence or a temporary licence to operate apparatus
Form 5—Application to register an apparatus
Form 6—Notice to be given to a purchaser of a sealed radioactive source
Form 7—Application for a licence or a temporary licence to use or handle a radioactive
substance
Form 8—Application to register a sealed radioactive source
Form 9—Application to register premises on which unsealed radioactive substances are
kept or handled
Form 10—Application for a licence or renewal of a licence to mill radioactive ores
Form 11—Licence renewal notice and application
Form 12—Registration renewal notice and application
Schedule 8—Certificate of identification of an authorized officer Schedule 9—Minimum half value layers for diagnostic apparatus Schedule 10—Error distances for automatic collimation to a spot film device
Schedule 11—Error distances for automatic collimation to an image intensifier.

DIVISION II—Definitions

4. (1) In these regulations, unless the contrary intention appears:
"Act" means the Radiation Protection and Control Act, 1982;
"adequately shielded" in relation to a component of an X-ray analysis apparatus, means that the air kerma rate as measured at any accessible point 50mm from the surface of the component does not exceed 25 microgray per hour when the X-ray tube is operated at any of the permissible ratings specified by the manufacturer of the X-ray analysis apparatus;
"aperture" means a gap in the protective material of a tube housing through which ionizing
radiation from an X-ray tube within the tube housing may pass with little or no attenuation;
"apparatus" means ionizing radiation apparatus;
"approved" means approved by the Commission;
"bore hole logging" means the use of a sealed radioactive source to acquire geophysical information about geological strata by lowering the source and a detector down a bore hole which has been drilled through the strata being investigated;
"bore hole logging tool" means a device containing a sealed radioactive source that is designed
and constructed to be lowered and raised at the end of a cable during bore hole logging;
"cabinet X-ray unit" means apparatus in a shielded enclosure into which articles may be
placed for radiographic (including fluoroscopic) examination;
"chiropodist" means a registered chiropodist as defined in the Chiropodists Act 1950;
"chiropractor" means a registered chiropractor as defined in the Chiropractors Act, 1979;
"committed effective dose equivalent" means the effective dose equivalent to the body, organ or tissue that will be accumulated as a result of the intake of radionuclides over 50 years from the time of the intake;
"consumer product" means a device, article or thing that contains a radioactive substance and is designed and constructed for personal or domestic use and not for use during the course of employment or the carrying on of any occupation, but does not include an approved ionization chamber smoke detector;
"cumulative" means the sum of all the results obtained for a parameter since the beginning of
the relevant year;
"dental therapist" has the same meaning as in section 85 of the Dentists Act 1984;
"dentist" means a person registered as a dentist under the Dentists Act 1984;
"dermatologist" means a medical practitioner registered as a specialist in dermatology under
the Medical Practitioners Act, 1983;
"designated employee" means a designated employee as defined in the Radiation Protection
(Mining and Milling) Code;
"disposal" in relation to a radioactive substance does not include sale;
"durably marked" in relation to an article, device or thing, means that the article, device or
thing is so marked that it is likely to retain the marking:

(a)	during its normal working life; and
(b)	notwithstanding any occurrence or accident that is reasonably foreseeable as being likely to happen to the article, device or thing, or in which the article, device or thing may become involved;

"emergency exposure" means a voluntary exposure to ionizing radiation in an emergency
situation;
"enclosed X-ray analysis apparatus" means X-ray analysis apparatus that complies with
regulation 87(3) of these regulations;
"external radiation" in relation to the exposure of a natural person to ionizing radiation, means
ionizing radiation that is not internal radiation;
"fail safe" in relation to a warning device or interlock means that the failure of the device or interlock results in the inability to produce useable ionizing radiation from the apparatus or sealed radioactive source to which the device or interlock is connected;
"fixed apparatus" means any apparatus that is neither a mobile apparatus nor a portable
apparatus;
"fully protected enclosure" in relation to industrial radiography, means an enclosure on or in
respect of which:

(a)	all doors and other openings into the enclosure are interlocked with either the apparatus or the source control mechanism so that the apparatus is de-energized or the source is returned to the shielded ("off") position whenever a door or other opening is opened;
(b)	a warning device inside the enclosure sounds continuously for at least 5 seconds when an exposure commences;
(c)	a red warning light marked "Radiation On" that remains on throughout an exposure, is readily visible from all normal routes of access;
(d)	the warning lights are fail safe;
(e)	the air kerma rate at a distance of 50mm from any readily accessible point on the surface of the enclosure never exceeds 25 microgray per hour; and
(f)	a door can be readily opened from inside the enclosure;

"gaseous tritium light device" means an instrument, device, article or thing that contains one
or more gaseous tritium light sources;
"gaseous tritium light source" means a sealed glass container filled with gaseous tritium and
coated internally with a phosphor;
"general objective" means the objective contained in section 23 of the Act;
"group" in relation to a radionuclide, means the group to which the radionuclide is assigned in
Schedule 1;
"industrial radiography" means the process of radiographing the whole or any part of any pipes, welds, vessels, or any other constructed, fabricated or manufactured object or article by the use of a sealed radioactive source or an apparatus other than a cabinet X-ray unit;
"internal radiation" in relation to the exposure of a natural person to ionizing radiation, means
ionizing radiation from an unsealed radioactive substance located within the person’s body;
"ionization chamber smoke detector" means a device containing a radioactive substance that is designed and constructed to detect the presence of smoke or other combustion product aerosols;
"laboratory" means premises in which unsealed radioactive substances:

(a)	are used for the purposes of scientific investigation or testing;
(b)	are prepared for use for the treatment of patients or for medical or scientific investigation or testing; or
(c)	are prepared for sale;

"medical practitioner" means a medical practitioner as defined by the Medical Practitioners
Act, 1983;
"member of the public" means a person who is not a radiation worker;
"mobile apparatus" means apparatus that is designed and constructed so as to be moveable
from place to place for use as required but does not include a portable apparatus;
"normal operation" in relation to X-ray analysis apparatus, means the step-by-step procedures necessary to accomplish X-ray analysis, including sample insertion and manipulation, equipment alignment and data recording;
"nuclear medicine physician" means a medical practitioner registered as a specialist in nuclear
medicine under the Medical Practitioners Act, 1983;
"open-beam X-ray analysis system" means an X-ray analysis system that does not comply with regulation 87(3) or regulation 84(4) of these regulations but does comply with regulation 87(5) of these regulations;
"ophthalmologist" means a medical practitioner registered as a specialist in ophthalmology
under the Medical Practitioners Act 1983;
"oral surgeon" means a dentist registered as a specialist in oral and maxillo facial surgery
under the Dentists Act 1984;
"partly enclosed X-ray analysis apparatus" means X-ray analysis apparatus that does not comply with regulation 87(3) of these regulations, but does comply with regulation 87(4) of these regulations;
"physiotherapist" means a person registered as a physiotherapist under the Physiotherapists Act
1945;
"plain radiography" means the technique of producing an image on film following the
transmission of X-rays through matter, where:

(a)

the X-ray tube is stationary throughout the exposure;

(b)

the film is exposed by:

(i)	the X-ray beam; or
(ii)	light emission from intensifying screens which are excited by the X-ray beam; and

(c)

a contrast medium has not been introduced;

"portable apparatus" means any apparatus that is designed to be carried manually from place
to place for use as required;
"primary beam" means that part of the X-radiation that passes through an aperture of a tube
housing by a direct path from an X-ray tube;
"radiation accident" is an abnormal occurrence in which a source of ionizing radiation is out
of control and in which one or more of the following occurs:

(a)	control over the source of ionizing radiation is not totally regained;
(b)	a significant dispersal of radioactive substances takes place; or
(c)	a person receives or is likely to have received a dose equivalent or intake of radioactive substances of at least twice the amount of that which he is likely to receive during the course of operations normally carried out with the source of ionizing radiation involved;

"radiation emergency" means a situation in which a source of ionizing radiation is out of control to such an extent that the continued exposure of a person to excessive amounts of ionizing radiation while the source of ionizing radiation remains out of control is unavoidable unless the normal functions or operations of the facility or place in which the source of ionizing radiation is being used are grossly disrupted, and for the purposes of this definition "excessive amounts of ionizing radiation" means dose equivalents or intakes of radioactive substances which, if continued for the normal hours of occupancy of the facility or place for three months, would result in an exposure contrary to Part I, Division V of these regulations;
"radiation incident" means an abnormal occurrence in which a source of ionizing radiation is temporarily out of control, but in which no significant dispersal of any radioactive substance takes place, and in which no person receives or is likely to have received a dose equivalent or an intake of any radioactive substance more than twice that which is likely to occur during any operation normally carried out with that source of ionizing radiation and for the purposes of this definition, an abnormal occurrence involving radioactive substances is not to be regarded as being a radiation incident unless:

(a)	where the occurrence is one in which a radioactive substance is swallowed by a person, the activity of the radioactive substance swallowed exceeds the following amounts:

for group 1 radionuclides: 5 kBq
for group 2 radionuclides: 50 kBq
for group 3 radionuclides: 500 kBq
for group 4 radionuclides: 5 MBq; or

(b)	in any other case, the activity of the radioactive substance involved exceeds the following amounts:

for group 1 radionuclides: 50 kBq
for group 2 radionuclides: 500 kBq
for group 3 radionuclides: 5 MBq
for group 4 radionuclides: 50 MBq;
"radiation gauge" means a device containing a sealed radioactive source which uses the detection of a beam of radiation transmitted through or scattered by an item or material of interest to measure a parameter associated with the item or material of interest, including the whole of the device, consisting of the sealed source, the source container or housing, and the detector and associated controls, but does not include a device that does not need to be permanently fixed in place to be used;
"radiation oncologist" means a medical practitioner registered as a specialist in radiation
oncology under the Medical Practitioners Act 1983;
"Radiation Protection (Mining and Milling) Code" means the Code of Practice on Radiation Protection in the Mining and Milling of Radioactive Ores, approved under section 9 of the Environment Protection (Nuclear Codes) Act 1978 of the Commonwealth, as in force from time to time;
section 9 of the Environment Protection (Nuclear Codes) Act 1978 of the Commonwealth;
"radiation symbol" means the radiation symbol described and depicted in Schedule 2;
"Radiation Protection (Mining and Milling) Code (1980)" means the Code of Practice on
"radiation worker" means a person who by reason of his profession, trade or occupation:

(a)	uses any source of ionizing radiation;
(b)	is directly involved in any activity or operation in which any source of ionizing radiation is used and who may be exposed to ionizing radiation from that source as a result of being directly involved in such activity or operation;
(c)	is a designated employee;
or
(d)	is directly involved in the transport of a radioactive substance and is likely in the course of that profession, trade or occupation to receive an annual total dose (within the meaning of regulation 15) in excess of 1 millisievert;

"radiologist" means a medical practitioner registered as a specialist in diagnostic radiology
under the Medical Practitioners Act, 1983;
"registrable device" means a device or instrument that contains a sealed radioactive source
which is required to be registered under section 30 of the Act;
"registered nurse" means a registered nurse within the meaning of the Nurses Registration Act,
1920;
"revoked Health Act regulations" means the regulations revoked by regulation 2(1) of these
regulations;
"sell" means:

(a)	sell;
(b)	supply by way of barter, exchange or gift;
(c)	let on hire;
(d)	bail; or
(e)	authorize, direct, cause, suffer or permit any of the acts referred to in paragraphs (a) to (d) of this definition;

"shutter" means a controllable aperture cover that adequately shields an aperture when closed; "significant dispersal" means a dispersal of a radioactive substance where the activity of that radioactive substance exceeds the following amounts:

for group 1 radionuclides	:	50 kBq
for group 2 radionuclides	:	500 kBq
for group 3 radionuclides	:	5 MBq
for group 4 radionuclides	:	50 MBq,

but does not include the dispersal of a radioactive substance that is in accordance with Part
IV, Division IV of these regulations;
"site radiography" means industrial radiography other than that done within a fully protected
enclosure;
"source container" means an enclosure for a sealed radioactive source that provides, by
shielding and by distance, protection against radiation emitted by the source;
"source holder" in relation to bore hole logging, means the component of a bore hole logging
tool that:

(a)	houses the sealed radioactive source to protect it from damage;
(b)	fits into the source container when the source is not being used; and
(c)	fits onto the bore hole logging tool when the source is being used;

"source of ionizing radiation" means an apparatus or a radioactive substance to which these
regulations apply;
"specified employer" means a person:

(a)	who employs a radiation worker;
(b)	who is a registered occupier;
(c)	in whose name a sealed radioactive source or ionizing radiation apparatus is registered under Part III of the Act;
or
(d)	who holds a licence granted under section 24 of the Act;

* * * * * * * * * *

"technologically enhanced" in relation to exposure to natural background radiation, means exposure resulting from natural sources of radiation whose original state has been changed by human activity in such a way that the exposure of any person to ionizing radiation has been increased;
"thyroid intake" in relation to Iodine-125 or Iodine-131 means the total activity of Iodine-125 or Iodine-131 taken into a person’s thyroid over a period of time, as estimated using the method set out in Schedule 3;
"tube housing" in relation to an ionizing radiation apparatus means a container in which an X-ray tube is mounted for normal use, providing protection against electric shock and against ionizing radiation except for an aperture for the useful beam;

"type" in relation to premises in which an unsealed radioactive substance is kept or handled,
means the type of premises established by the classification scheme set out in Schedule 4;
"veterinary surgeon means a person registered as a veterinary surgeon under the Veterinary
Surgeons Act, 1935;
"X-ray analysis apparatus" means an apparatus which is used to analyse the properties or
composition of materials by the techniques of X-ray fluorescence or X-ray diffraction;
"X-ray analysis system" means apparatus that consists of an X-ray analysis apparatus and ancillary devices or equipment necessary to determine the elemental composition or to examine the microstructure of matter, but does not include power supplies, transformers, amplifiers, readout devices and associated electronics and control panel;
"X-ray tube" in relation to an ionizing radiation apparatus, means an evacuated glass envelope
in which electrons are accelerated for the purposes of the production of ionizing radiation.

(2) Where in these regulations there is a reference to a radiation worker being employed by a specified employer, the reference to being employed shall be construed so to include the acceptance of a person as:

(a)	a voluntary worker; or
(b)	a student,

and the person who accepts a person as a voluntary worker or student shall, for the purposes of these

regulations, be a specified employer in relation to that person.

(3) Where a person who is a specified employer engages an independent contractor to carry out radiation work for him, being radiation work of a kind normally carried out by the specified employer, that person shall, for the purposes of these regulations, be a specified employer in relation to:

(a)	that independent contractor; and
(b)	any person employed by that independent contractor to do the radiation work which that independent contractor has been engaged to carry out.

(4) For the purposes of subregulation (3) of this regulation "radiation work" means work of the kind referred to in the definition of radiation worker.

(5) In these regulations a reference to a radioactive substance or to a sealed radioactive source shall be construed as a reference to a radioactive substance or to a sealed radioactive source to which these regulations apply.

(6) Where in these regulations there is a requirement upon a specified employer to do or provide any matter or thing for or in relation to a radiation worker employed by him such requirement shall, in relation to a specified employer who is himself a radiation worker, be construed so as to require such person to do or provide for himself any matter or thing that a specified employer would be required to provide for or in relation to a radiation worker employed by him.

DIVISION III—Application

5. These regulations shall apply to all apparatus except:

(a)

a television set, visual display terminal, video monitor, cathode ray oscilloscope, or other device containing a cathode ray tube that satisfies the requirements of section 4 "Ionizing Radiation" of Australian Standard 3159 - 1980 "Approval and Test Specification for Electronic Sound and Vision Equipment";

(b)

an electron microscope, electronic valve, vacuum tube, or similar device in which atomic particles are accelerated, but not a device referred to in paragraph (a) of this regulation, in which the production of ionizing radiation is incidental to the use of the device, provided that the air kerma rate 50mm from any readily accessible point or points on the surface of the device does not at any time exceed 5 microgray per hour.

6. Pursuant to and for the purposes of the definition of "radioactive ore" contained in section 5 of the Act, the prescribed concentrations of uranium and thorium are:

(a)	where uranium occurs in the ore, but thorium does not, a concentration of 0.02 per centum by weight;
(b)	where thorium occurs in the ore, but uranium does not, a concentration of 0.05 per centum by weight;
(c)	where both uranium and thorium occur in the ore, a concentration "x" of uranium, expressed as a percentage by weight, and a concentration "y" of thorium, expressed as a percentage by weight, provided that:

x	+	y	is greater than or equal to one,
0.02	0.05

where "x" is the percentage by weight of uranium in the ore, and "y" is the percentage
by weight of thorium in the ore.

7. (1) Subject to subregulations (2) and (3) of this regulation, these regulations shall apply only to those radioactive substances which:

(a)

contain more than the concentrations of uranium and thorium specified in regulation 6 of these regulations; or

(b)

not being uranium or thorium:

(i)	have a specific activity of more than 35 kBq/kg; and
(ii)	contain one or more radionuclides so that:

is more than or equal to one.
(2) These regulations shall not apply to tritium contained in an instrument, device, article or

thing if:

(a)	less than 20 GBq of tritium is contained in the instrument, device, article or thing;
(b)	the tritium is wholly confined to a gaseous tritium light source;
(c)	the gaseous tritium light source is accessible only with the use of a tool designed for the specific task of gaining access to the gaseous tritium light source in the instrument, article, device or thing;
(d)	the activity in the form of tritiated water is less than 50 MBq; and
(e)	the instrument, article, device or thing is not a consumer product.

(3) For the purposes of this regulation:
"A1" means the total activity of group 1 radionuclides (in kBq); "A2" means the total activity of group 2 radionuclides (in kBq); "A3" means the total activity of group 3 radionuclides (in kBq); "A4" means the total activity of group 4 radionuclides (in kBq).

DIVISION IV—General Provisions for Radiation Protection

8. (1) This regulation applies to:

(a)	apparatus;
(b)	source control mechanisms and other devices containing a sealed radioactive source;
(c)	radiation monitoring equipment;
(d)	radiation warning devices;
(e)	protective clothing, fume cupboards, interlocks, signs, labels and any other radiation protection equipment or device,

supplied by a specified employer for his use during the course of his profession, trade or occupation

or for the use of any radiation worker employed by him during the course of that employment.

(2) A specified employer shall at all times keep or cause to be kept in good working order and condition any article, device or thing to which subregulation (1) of this regulation applies.

(3) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

9. (1) Where a specified employer discovers a fault or defect in any article, device or thing to which regulation 8 of these regulations applies, and such fault or defect is likely to increase the exposure to ionizing radiation of any person, he shall:

(a)	forthwith inform all persons who use, work with, inspect, test, handle, are protected from exposure to ionizing radiation by or otherwise deal with the article, device or thing of the nature of the fault or defect; and
(b)	have the fault or defect remedied as soon as is reasonably practicable.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

10. (1) Before a radiation worker first commences any of his duties as a radiation worker the specified employer by whom he is employed shall:

(a)	inform such worker of the potential hazards from ionizing radiation to which he is likely to be subject during the course of his employment;
(b)	inform such worker of the name of the radiation safety officer appointed by the specified employer together with the name of any assistant radiation safety officer who has responsibilities pertaining to such worker’s duties;
(c)	inform such worker of all safety arrangements that have been made to protect him from the effects of ionizing radiation;
(d)	give directions in the form of working rules to such worker as to all steps that he must take in order to achieve the general objective;
(e)	inform such worker of the existence of the Act, these regulations and any radiation safety manual prepared pursuant to regulation 11 of these regulations; and
(f)	make available to such worker for his perusal a copy of the Act, these regulations and any radiation safety manual prepared pursuant to regulation 11 of these regulations.

(2) Wherever there is a change in any of the matters referred to in paragraphs (a) to (f) of subregulation (1) of this regulation, a specified employer shall forthwith inform a radiation worker who is likely to be affected by any such change of the particulars of such change.

(3) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

11. (1) A specified employer who employs any radiation worker shall prepare a radiation

safety manual.

(2) A radiation safety manual must contain the following:

(a)	information on the potential hazards in respect of exposure to ionizing radiation that any radiation worker is likely to face during the course of his employment;
(b)	the name and telephone number of the radiation safety officer and the name and telephone numbers of the assistant radiation safety officers who have been appointed;
(c)	the arrangements made by the specified employer for the radiation protection of all persons employed by him;
(d)	the directions which the specified employer has given pursuant to regulation 10(1)(d) of these regulations as to the steps to be taken to achieve the general objective;
(e)	the requirements of regulation 13 of these regulations.

(3) A radiation safety manual must be prepared within a reasonable time of the date upon which this regulation took effect if on that date a specified employer employs a radiation worker, otherwise it must be prepared within a reasonable time of a specified employer first employing a radiation worker.

(4) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

12. (1) A specified employer who has prepared a radiation safety manual shall supply a copy of the manual to the Commission if the Commission serves on him a notice in writing directing him to do so.

(2) Where a specified employer has supplied a copy of a radiation safety manual to the Commission pursuant to this regulation, the Commission may serve on him a notice directing him to make such changes to the manual as the Commission regards as appropriate, having regard to the general objective.

(3) A notice served by the Commission pursuant to subregulation (2) of this regulation must:

(a)	be in writing; and
(b)	specify the changes which are to be made.

(4) A specified employer shall comply with any notice served on him by the Commission pursuant to this regulation.

(5) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

13. (1) A radiation worker shall:

(a)

obey all notices displayed in accordance with these regulations;

(b)

not wilfully:

(i)	do any act; or
(ii)	omit to do any act,

the doing or omission of which is likely to result in a radiation incident, radiation

accident or radiation emergency;

(c)

not recklessly:

(i)	do any act; or
(ii)	omit to do any act,

the doing or omission of which is likely to result in a radiation incident, radiation

accident or radiation emergency;

(d)

report forthwith to his supervisor any fault or defect in any device, article or thing that he uses, inspects, tests, handles or otherwise deals with during the course of his employment, and which fault or defect is likely to result in a radiation incident, radiation accident or radiation emergency;

(e)

use, in the manner set out in these regulations and in the radiation safety manual applicable to the duties he performs, all radiation protection equipment furnished for his use in accordance with these regulations and that manual; and

(f)

where she believes she is pregnant, and such belief is confirmed by a medical practitioner, forthwith inform her employer of that fact.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

14. (1) A person must not exhibit, display or otherwise use, or cause or permit another to exhibit, display or otherwise use, the radiation symbol except—

(a)

on a container used for the storage of a sealed radioactive source;

(b)

on apparatus to which these regulations apply (see reg. 5);

(c)

on a sign erected in connection with—

(i)	premises registered under section 29 of the Act;
(ii)	a place in which a radioactive substance to which these regulations apply (see reg. 7) is stored;
(iii)	a place in which radioactive material within the meaning of the Radiation Safety (Transport of Radioactive Substances) Regulations 1984 is stored;
(iv)	a place in which apparatus to which these regulations apply (see reg. 5) is installed, stored or used;

(d)

as required by these regulations or any other law.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

DIVISION V—Radiation Protection Standards and Limits

15. (1) In this Division, unless the context otherwise requires:
"total dose" means the sum of—

(a)	the effective dose equivalent received from external radiation;
and
(b)	the committed effective dose equivalent received from radionuclides taken into the body;

"annual total dose" means the total dose received during any period of 12 months commencing
on 1 January.
(2) For the purposes of the definition of total dose:

* * * * * * * * * *

(b)

where only a part or parts of the body are irradiated by external radiation, the effective dose equivalent received from external radiation shall be determined by calculating the sum of HTWT over all the organs and tissues irradiated, where:

(i)	HT is the dose equivalent received by any particular organ or tissue; and
(ii)	WT is the weighting factor for that organ or tissue as set out in Schedule 5.

16. (1) For the purpose of this division, the committed effective dose equivalent received from radionuclides taken into the body must—

(a)	if the intake of radionuclides arises from operations to which the Radiation Protection (Mining and Milling) Code applies—be calculated using the method set out in clause 13 of that Code;
(b)	in any other case—be calculated using the methods recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in its Publication 30 Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers and, where applicable, Table 4 of its Publication 50 Lung Cancer Risk from Indoor Exposures to Radon Daughters.

(2) For the purposes of subregulation (1)(b) of this regulation, where some of the data relevant to the circumstances of the case is not available, the data recommended or adopted by the International Commission on Radiological Protection in the publications referred to in that subregulation shall be used in the calculation.

(3) For the purposes of subregulation (2) of this regulation, where the International Commission on Radiological Protection recommends or adopts more than one value for an item of data, and where the information required so as to choose which of those values is relevant to the circumstances of the case has not been obtained by the specified employer, that value which gives rise to the largest value of committed dose equivalent shall be used in the calculation.

17. (1) A specified employer shall not expose, suffer, cause or permit himself or a radiation worker employed by him to be exposed:

(a)	to an annual total dose in excess of 50 millisievert; or
(b)	where an organ or tissue of a radiation worker is irradiated, to an annual dose equivalent for that organ or tissue in excess of the annual dose equivalent limit for that organ or tissue set out in Schedule 5.

(2) A specified employer shall not expose, suffer, cause or permit a member of the public to

be exposed:

(a)	to an annual total dose in excess of 5 millisievert; or
(b)	where an organ or tissue of a member of the public is irradiated, to an annual dose equivalent for that organ or tissue in excess of one-tenth of the annual dose equivalent limit for that organ or tissue set out in Schedule 5.

(3) Where a specified employer is informed by a radiation worker employed by him that:

(a)	she believes that she is pregnant; and
(b)	such belief has been confirmed by a medical practitioner,

the specified employer shall take all reasonable steps to prevent the total dose received by her during

the course of her employment for the remainder of her pregnancy from exceeding 7 millisievert.

(4) In calculating an annual total dose or an annual dose equivalent for a specified employer, radiation worker or a member of the public, the following shall not be taken into account:

(i)             doses due to natural background radiation, except such doses as are received from natural background radiation which is technologically enhanced;
(ii)            doses received as a patient for the purposes of diagnosis or treatment; and
(iii)           dose equivalents and effective dose equivalents received as a result of an emergency exposure.

(5) A specified employer who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

DIVISION VI—Radiation Safety Officers

18. (1) A specified employer shall appoint a person to be a radiation safety officer.

(2) A radiation safety officer must be appointed within three months of the date upon which this regulation took effect, if on that date a person is a specified employer, otherwise one must be appointed within three months of a person becoming a specified employer.

(3) A specified employer shall make such an appointment in respect of each separate

establishment:

(a)	at which he carries on any operation for the mining or milling of radioactive ore;
(b)	of which he is a registered occupier; or
(c)	at which he employs a radiation worker.

(4) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

19. The duties of a radiation safety officer appointed by a specified employer are:

(a)	to assist the specified employer in complying with the requirements of the Act and these regulations;
(b)	to advise the specified employer on all aspects of radiation safety applicable to the activities carried out by the specified employer; and
(c)	to perform the duties imposed upon a radiation safety officer by these regulations.

20. (1) A specified employer shall make available to the radiation safety officer appointed by him such equipment, time and assistance, including such assistant radiation safety officers, as are necessary to enable the radiation safety officer to satisfactorily perform his duties under these regulations.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

21. (1) A specified employer shall not appoint a person to be a radiation safety officer unless that person has detailed knowledge of the principles and practices of all aspects of radiation protection applicable to the activities carried out by the specified employer at the establishment in respect of which the radiation safety officer is appointed.

(2) A specified employer shall not appoint a person to be an assistant radiation safety officer unless that person has detailed knowledge of the principles and practices of all aspects of radiation protection applicable to those activities of the specified employer in respect of which he is to assist the radiation safety officer.

(3) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

22. (1) Where a specified employer appoints:

(a)	a radiation safety officer; or
(b)	an assistant radiation safety officer,

he shall within 7 days of making the appointment serve on the Commission a notice that complies

with this regulation.

(2) in order to comply with this regulation a notice must:

(a)	be in writing;
(b)	contain the full name and date of birth of the person appointed;
(c)	contain the business and residential address of the person appointed including his telephone number and telex number at such addresses;
(d)	contain details of the educational qualifications of the person appointed;
(e)	contain details of any formal training in radiation protection undergone by the person appointed;
(f)	contain details of the practical experience in radiation protection of the person appointed; and
(g)	contain, where it refers to an assistant radiation safety officer, details of the activities of the specified employer in respect to which the assistant radiation safety officer will assist the radiation safety officer.

(3) Subregulation (1) of this regulation does not apply to a specified employer who:

(a)	holds a licence under section 28 of the Act or a licence under section 31 of the Act;
(b)	is the only such licensed person working at the establishment under his control; and
(c)	is the radiation safety officer for that establishment.

(4) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

23. (1) Where a specified employer has served a notice on the Commission in accordance with regulation 22 of these regulations and subsequent to the service of that notice:

(a)	any information contained in that notice relating to the radiation safety officer or an assistant radiation safety officer has changed; or
(b)	the specified employer becomes aware of additional information relating to the radiation safety officer or assistant radiation safety officer,

and such changed or additional information is of a kind that he would have been required by these regulations to have included in the notice had he known of it at the time he served the notice, then the specified employer shall, within 14 days of his becoming aware of such information serve on the Commission a notice that complies with this regulation.

(2) In order to comply with this regulation a notice must:

(a)	be in writing; and
(b)	contain full details of any change to the information supplied or any additional information as is required by this regulation.

(3) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

24. In any of the regulations appearing in these regulations after this regulation a reference to a radiation safety officer:

(a)	in relation to an establishment, means the radiation safety officer appointed for that establishment;
(b)	in relation to a specified employer, means a radiation safety officer appointed by him;
(c)	in relation to a radiation worker, means the radiation safety officer appointed for the establishment at which he works;
(d)	shall be construed as including the appropriate assistant radiation safety officer where one or more assistant radiation safety officers have been appointed.

DIVISION VII—Monitoring

25. (1) A specified employer shall issue to each radiation worker employed by him an approved personal monitoring device or devices for detecting and measuring a time integrated exposure to ionizing radiation, so that each radiation worker has such a device or devices on issue to him at all times while he is at his place of employment.

(2) Where the type of ionizing radiation emitted by a source of ionizing radiation is of such a nature that there is no approved personal monitoring device for measuring a person’s exposure to that type of radiation, the specified employer shall:

(a)	forthwith advise the Commission accordingly and set out the arrangements he proposes to make to monitor the exposure to ionizing radiation of persons employed by him; and
(b)	make such arrangements as the Commission directs in writing for the monitoring of that type of radiation and for the calculation of personal exposures from that monitoring.

(3) A specified employer who issues a personal monitoring device to a radiation worker shall:

(a)	subject to paragraph (b) of this subregulation, give to the radiation worker instructions; or
(b)	if directed in writing by the Commission to do so, give to the radiation worker approved instructions, on the wearing, operation or use of the personal monitoring device.

(4) A radiation worker to whom a personal monitoring device is issued shall wear, operate or use, as the case requires, the personal monitoring device:

(a)	in accordance with any instructions or approved instructions given to him under subregulation (3) of this regulation; and
(b)	whenever he is likely to be exposed to ionizing radiation as a result of his employment.

(5) A specified employer who has issued to a radiation worker a personal monitoring device shall, whenever it is necessary for the device to be examined or for any film or other substance used to detect ionizing radiation therein to be processed in order to ascertain the amount of ionizing radiation to which the radiation worker has been exposed while wearing, operating or using the personal device, cause:

(a)	the device or any film or substance therein to be examined or processed, as the case requires, in such manner, by such persons and at such times; and
(b)	any film in the device to be changed, and the dose equivalents received by the radiation worker to be measured, at such intervals,

as is approved.

(6) A specified employer who issues a personal monitoring device to a radiation worker shall not subsequently issue the same device to any other person unless the dose measured by the device has been assessed and recorded.

(7) A radiation worker shall not permit any other person to wear, operate or use a personal monitoring device issued to him during the period for which it is so issued.

(8) Any person who contravenes, or fails to comply with, this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

26. (1) A specified employer shall, if directed in writing by the Commission to do so, place on any premises at which any radiation worker is employed by him, from time to time in accordance with that direction, approved equipment or devices for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation for the purpose of monitoring the presence and amounts of ionizing radiation on those premises.

(2) A person who has placed approved equipment or devices in accordance with a direction given under subregulation (1) of this regulation shall, whenever it is necessary for the approved equipment or devices to be examined, or for any film or other substance used to detect ionizing radiation therein to be processed in order to ascertain the amount of radiation present on the premises concerned, cause the approved equipment or devices to be examined, or that film or substance to be processed or changed, and the amount of ionizing radiation detected to be measured, in such manner, by such persons and at such times as the Commission directs in writing.

(3) Any person who contravenes, or fails to comply with, this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

27. (1) Where any premises are in proximity to any other premises at which an activity is carried on by a specified employer which activity involves the use or handling of a source of ionizing radiation and the Commission is of the opinion that the first-mentioned premises (in this regulation referred to as the "affected premises") are likely to be affected by ionizing radiation emanating from the second-mentioned premises the Commission may by notice in writing:

(a)	direct the specified employer to place on the affected premises, from time to time, in accordance with such direction, approved equipment or devices for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation for the purpose of monitoring the presence and amounts of ionizing radiation on the affected premises;
(b)	direct the owner of the affected premises to permit the specified employer to enter into and upon the affected premises from time to time and to place on the affected premises in accordance with such direction approved equipment or devices for detecting and measuring ionizing radiation for the purpose of monitoring the presence and amounts of ionizing radiation on the affected premises.

(3) The owner of any affected premises upon which a specified employer has placed approved equipment or devices pursuant to this regulation shall permit such specified employer to enter into and upon the affected premises at all reasonable times so as to enable the specified employer to comply with subregulation (2) of this regulation.

(4) Any person who contravenes, or fails to comply with, this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

28. (1) The Commission may, by notice published in the Government Gazette, approve any monitoring device or any kind or class of monitoring device as is specified in the notice to be an approved monitoring device for the purposes of this Division.

(2) The Commission may, by notice in writing served upon the person to whom the notice is addressed, give such directions and indicate such approvals as are referred to in this Division.

DIVISION VIII—Records, Reports and Investigations

29. (1) A specified employer shall forthwith establish a personal radiation exposure record in respect of each radiation worker employed by him.

(2) A specified employer shall maintain such record and keep it up to date at all times.

(3) A specified employer shall forthwith inform a radiation worker that such a record has been established and is being maintained.

(4) A specified employer shall allow each radiation worker to have access to his own personal radiation exposure record.

(5) A specified employer shall not destroy or dispose of a personal radiation exposure record

except:

(a)	as may be approved; or
(b)	in the case of disposal, if the record is transferred to another specified employer pursuant to regulation 33 of these regulations.

(6) A personal radiation exposure record must contain the following information:

(a)

the full name, sex and date of birth of the radiation worker;

(b)

the current home address of the radiation worker, and if no longer employed by the specified employer his last known home address;

(c)

the date of commencement of employment (and if applicable the date of cessation) as a radiation worker;

(d)

the kind of work performed by the radiation worker;

(e)

details of the types of ionizing radiation to which the radiation worker may have been exposed as a result of his work, including information about radioactive substances in unsealed form (if any) to which he may have been exposed;

(f)

the monitoring devices worn by the radiation worker;

(g)

the results of monitoring the levels of radiation exposure of the radiation worker in accordance with these regulations, and the conditions, if any, on the authority of the specified employer, indicating:

(i)	the measurement periods of such monitoring, the result for each period, and the cumulative result since the beginning of the calendar year;
(ii)	the cumulative result for each calendar year; and
(iii)	the cumulative result for previous calendar years and the calendar year being recorded; and

(h)

if applicable, the value of the personal radiation exposure index of the radiation worker calculated in accordance with regulation 30 of these regulations, and the dates upon which it was calculated.

(7) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

30. (1) A specified employer must calculate in respect of each year the personal radiation exposure index (PREI) for—

(a)	each designated employee;
and
(b)	each radiation worker in respect of whom the Commission has given directions under regulation 25(2)(b).

(2) The calculations must be made cumulatively at the end of each three month period, within five weeks after the end of that period.

(2a) The calculations must be made in accordance with the following formula:
PREI = 12 × td

where, in relation to the exposure of the employee in the period for which the calculation is made—

td	=	the total dose as defined in regulation 15, in millisieverts.
n	=	the number of months in that period.

(3) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

31. (1) Where an entry has been made in a personal radiation exposure record relating to the levels of radiation exposure received by a radiation worker, or the value of the personal radiation exposure index of a radiation worker, no person shall change the entry unless the change:

(a)	is to correct an arithmetical error or transcription error; or
(b)	is made following a report signed by the radiation safety officer, such report stating that the entry to be changed does not accurately record the levels of radiation exposure received by the worker or the value of the personal radiation exposure index of the worker, and the Commission has received the report and has approved of the change to be made.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

32. (1) Subject to subregulation (2) of this regulation no person shall disclose to any other person information which is contained in a personal radiation exposure record established under this Division.

(2) A person may disclose information contained in a personal radiation exposure record to another person where:

(a)

to do so is a normal part of his duties as an employee;

(b)

being a specified employer, he does so in order to comply with these regulations;

(c)

such disclosure is authorized by the radiation worker to whom the record relates;

(d)

such disclosure is approved by the Commission;

(e)

such disclosure is otherwise authorized by the law of the State; or

(f)

such disclosure is in the form of statistical or other information that could not reasonably be expected:

(i)	to identify any particular radiation worker; or
(ii)	to relate to any particular radiation worker.

(3) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

33. (1) Where a specified employer employs a person as a radiation worker he shall, before that person first commences his duties as a radiation worker, ask that person whether or not he has been employed previously as a radiation worker.

(2) Where a specified employer makes enquiries of a radiation worker pursuant to subregulation (1) of this regulation the radiation worker shall:

(a)	confirm whether or not he has been employed previously as a radiation worker; and
(b)	if he has been so employed, supply details of such employment.

(3) Where an employer discovers that a radiation worker has been employed previously as a radiation worker he shall request the former employer of that worker to supply him with any personal radiation exposure record which is in his possession and which relates to that worker.

(4) Where a person makes a request pursuant to subregulation (3) of this regulation, a former employer shall forthwith comply with that request.

(5) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

34. (1) A specified employer who receives a direction from the Commission pursuant to regulation 26 or 27 of these regulations shall maintain records of all measurements made by him in accordance with the direction.

(2) The records maintained pursuant to subregulation (1) of this regulation must contain:

(a)	the type of measurements made;
(b)	the times and places at which the measurements were made;
(c)	the results of the measurements;
(d)	details of the instruments and methods used to make the measurements;
(e)	details of the calibration of the radiation monitoring equipment used to make the measurements; and
(f)	such additional information relating to the matters referred to in paragraphs (a) to (e) of this subregulation as the Commission directs the specified employer to make by notice, in writing, served on him.

(3) The Commission may by notice, in writing, served on the specified employer, require him to record such additional information on the records as is referred to in subregulation (2)(f) of this regulation.

(4) The specified employer shall not destroy or dispose of any records kept pursuant to this regulation except as may be approved.

(5) The specified employer shall, if directed in writing to do so by the Commission, supply the Commission with a copy of any record kept pursuant to this regulation.

(6) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

35. (1) Wherever:

(a)	a radiation worker’s cumulative effective dose equivalent received from external ionizing radiation in any calendar year exceeds a value (in millisieverts) of 1.3 multiplied by n, where "n" is the number of months since the beginning of the calendar year for which data are available; or
(b)	the value of PREI for a radiation worker exceeds 0.3,

the specified employer shall cause an investigation to be carried out forthwith in order to ascertain whether the exposure of the worker to ionizing radiation is in accordance with the general objective.

(2) Where an investigation is carried out pursuant to this regulation, the person carrying out the investigation must:

(a)	compile a written report of the investigation made by him; and
(b)	hand the report to the specified employer immediately after it is completed.

(3) Where:

(a)	subregulation (1) of this regulation applies to more than one radiation worker; and
(b)	all such radiation workers are employed in circumstances which are similar as to radiation exposure and the methods by which such exposure is controlled,

then for the purposes of this regulation, all of such radiation workers shall be regarded as a class, and it shall be sufficient compliance with this regulation if there is one investigation and a report of that investigation, both of which relate to the radiation workers of the class.

(4) Wherever:

(a)	a radiation worker’s cumulative effective dose equivalent received from external ionizing radiation in any calendar year exceeds a value (in millisievert) of 2.1 multiplied by n; or
(b)	the value of PREI for a radiation worker exceeds 0.5,

the specified employer shall forthwith serve on the Commission a notice in writing informing the

Commission of that fact.

(5) For the purposes of this regulation the effective dose equivalent received by a radiation worker from external ionizing radiation shall be deemed to be the dose equivalent as measured by a personal monitoring device or devices worn in accordance with regulation 25 of these regulations.

(6) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

DIVISION IX—Radiation Incidents, Radiation Accidents

and Radiation Emergencies

36. (1) Where a radiation worker is involved in a radiation incident that occurs during the course of his employment he shall as soon as is reasonably practicable after the incident report the incident to the specified employer.

(2) For the purposes of subregulation (1) of this regulation a report must:

(a)	be in writing and be signed by the radiation worker; and
(b)	set out in full the details of the radiation incident including the probable cause, the length of time the source of ionizing radiation was temporarily out of control, and the extent of any dispersal of any radioactive substance.

(3) Where more than one radiation worker is involved in a radiation incident it shall not be necessary for each radiation worker to report the incident, provided that a report is made in accordance with this regulation and each of the radiation workers involved in the incident has assisted in compiling the report and each of them has signed the report.

(4) Any radiation worker who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

37. (1) A specified employer shall:

(a)	forthwith investigate all radiation incidents reported to him pursuant to regulation 36 of these regulations; and
(b)	maintain a register of radiation incidents.

(2) Where a specified employer receives a report of a radiation incident pursuant to regulation 36 of these regulations he shall forthwith enter in the register of radiation incidents:

(a)	the date, time and place of the incident;
(b)	the name of any radiation worker involved in the incident;
(c)	full details of the incident, including the probable cause, the length of time the source of ionizing radiation was temporarily out of control, the extent of any dispersal of any radioactive substance that may have occurred and the name of any person involved;
(d)	the result of any investigation undertaken in respect of the incident; and
(e)	details of any steps that have been taken to minimize the possibility of any further incident occurring.

(3) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

38. (1) Where a radiation worker is involved in a radiation accident which occurs during the course of his employment he shall as soon as is reasonably practicable report the accident to:

(a)	the radiation safety officer; and
(b)	the specified employer.

(2) For the purposes of this regulation:

(a)

a report to the radiation safety officer may be made orally and must include full details of the radiation accident including the time and place it occurred, the probable cause, possible effects and the name of any person likely to have been affected by it;

(b)

a report to the specified employer must be in writing and be signed by the radiation worker and must contain:

(i)	full details of the accident indicating the time the source of ionizing radiation was out of control, and the extent of any dispersal of any radioactive substance;
(ii)	the time it was reported to the radiation safety officer; and
(iii)	the probable cause of the accident.

(3) Where more than one radiation worker is involved in a radiation accident it shall not be necessary for each radiation worker to report the accident to the radiation safety officer, provided that one of the radiation workers makes a report and the other radiation workers know or have reasonable cause to believe that such a report has been made.

(4) Where more than one radiation worker is involved in a radiation accident it shall not be necessary for each radiation worker to report the accident to the specified employer, provided that a report is made to the specified employer in accordance with this regulation and each of the radiation workers involved in the accident has assisted in compiling the report and each of them has signed the report.

(5) Any radiation worker who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

39. (1) A specified employer shall:

(a)	forthwith investigate all radiation accidents reported to him pursuant to regulation 38 of these regulations; and
(b)	maintain a register of radiation accidents.

(2) The investigation referred to in subregulation (1) of this regulation shall include the making of estimates of any dose equivalents that may have been received by any person.

(3) Where a specified employer receives a report of a radiation accident pursuant to regulation 38 of these regulations he shall forthwith enter in the register of radiation accidents:

(a)	the date, time and place of the accident;
(b)	the name of any radiation worker involved in the accident;
(c)	full details of the accident including the length of time the source of ionizing radiation was out of control, the extent of any dispersal of any radioactive substance, the estimate of dose equivalents received by any person, the time it was reported to the radiation safety officer and the probable cause;
(d)	the result of any investigation undertaken in respect of the accident;
(e)	details of steps taken to minimize the possibility of any similar accident occurring in the future.

(4) Where a specified employer has made an entry in the register of radiation accidents pursuant to subregulation (3) of this regulation, he shall within 7 days of making such entry serve a copy of such entry on the Commission.

(5) A specified employer who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

40. (1) This regulation applies to the following kinds of events:

(a)	radiation emergencies;
(b)	radiation accidents in which control is not fully regained;
(c)	loss or theft of any apparatus;
(d)	loss or theft of any radioactive substance with an activity in excess of the following amounts:

for group 1 radionuclides	:	50 kBq
for group 2 radionuclides	:	500 kBq
for group 3 radionuclides	:	5 MBq
for group 4 radionuclides	:	50 MBq; or

(e)	damage to any sealed radioactive source resulting in leakage or suspected leakage of its contents.

(2) Where an event of a kind to which this regulation applies occurs, a specified employer shall give or cause to be given to the Commission a report of the event.

(3) A report must be given as soon as is reasonably practicable after the specified employer becomes aware of the event and may be given orally.

(4) A report shall contain as much detail of the event as is known to the specified employer.

(5) A specified employer who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

41. (1) Where any written report is made to a specified employer pursuant to regulation 38 of these regulations, the specified employer shall within 7 days of receiving the report serve on the Commission a copy of such report.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

42. (1) A specified employer must, in respect of every kind of operation carried out by him, being an operation that involves the use, handling, storage or disposal of any radioactive substance, prepare in respect of that operation a contingency plan.

(2) Subject to subregulation (3) of this regulation, the contingency plan must be prepared before the commencement of the kind of operation to which it relates.

(3) Where, at the date upon which this regulation took effect, an operation of a kind referred

to in subregulation (1) of this regulation is being carried out by a specified employer, a contingency

plan relating to that operation must be prepared before the expiration of three months after that date.

(4) A contingency plan must:

(a)	take into account every radiation accident and radiation emergency that is reasonably foreseeable;
(b)	contain specific instructions as to how each such accident and emergency is to be dealt with, paying particular regard as to how control may be restored and the exposure of persons may be kept to a minimum; and
(c)	be incorporated into the radiation safety manual prepared in accordance with regulation 11 of these regulations.

(5) Any specified employer who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty of not exceeding $10 000.

43. (1) A specified employer shall provide the equipment and facilities including any monitoring instrument, detector or alarm that is necessary for the effective operation of the contingency plan.

(2) Where a specified employer discovers that any monitoring instrument, detector, or alarm that is required by this regulation is not in correct working order, he shall forthwith replace it by a monitoring instrument, detector, or alarm that is in correct working order.

(3) A specified employer who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

44. (1) The Commission may, by notice in writing served on a specified employer, require a specified employer to supply to the Commission a copy of any contingency plan which the owner has prepared pursuant to this Division.

(2) Where a specified employer is served with a notice pursuant to subregulation (1) of this regulation he shall comply with that notice.

(3) Any specified employer who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

DIVISION X—Medical Examinations

45. (1) The Commission may, by notice in writing served on a specified employer, direct a specified employer to undergo or to cause a radiation worker employed by him to undergo a medical examination to be conducted in accordance with the notice.

(2) The notice must specify:

(a)	the name of the person to be examined;
(b)	the purpose for which the examination is to be carried out;
(c)	the nature and content of the examination; and
(d)	the period within which the examination is to be carried out.

46. (1) Where a specified employer is served with a notice under regulation 45 of these regulations that relates to a radiation worker employed by him, he must:

(a)	inform the radiation worker that he has been served with such a notice;
(b)	request the radiation worker to undergo the medical examination;
(c)	arrange for the radiation worker to undergo the medical examination; and
(d)	organize the radiation worker’s duties so that the radiation worker is able to undergo the medical examination.

(2) Where a specified employer:

(a)	informs a radiation worker that he has been served with a notice under regulation 45 of these regulations that relates to that radiation worker;
(b)	requests the radiation worker to undergo the medical examination as required by the notice;
(c)	arranges for the radiation worker to undergo the medical examination; and
(d)	organizes the radiation worker’s duties so that he is able to undergo the medical examination,

the radiation worker shall undergo the medical examination as required by the notice.

(3) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

47. (1) Where a specified employer is requested to undergo a medical examination pursuant to regulation 45 of these regulations he shall comply with the request.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

48. (1) A medical examination shall be carried out in accordance with the notice referred to in regulation 45 of these regulations.

(2) The medical practitioner who carries out a medical examination shall prepare a report of

his findings.

(3) Any person who wilfully contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

49. (1) Any person who employs a designated employee must make such arrangements as are necessary for such employee to undergo a medical examination conducted in accordance with this Division:

(a)

within a period of four weeks prior to the date upon which he commences his employment or within a period of 4 weeks after that date;

(b)

at intervals during the period of his employment, such intervals to be no longer than two years apart; and

(c)

on the date upon which he ceases his employment or within a period of 4 weeks after that date unless:

(i)	the period of his employment was for less than six months; or
(ii)	he had undergone a medical examination conducted in accordance with this Division within the period of eight weeks immediately preceding the date upon which his employment ceased.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

50. (1) Where the employer of a designated employee makes an arrangement for such employee to undergo a medical examination to be conducted in accordance with this Division, the employer shall inform the designated employee of the arrangements he has made, and such employee shall comply with such arrangement.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

51. (1) Where a medical examination of a designated employee is conducted, a questionnaire for uranium industry workers in the form of Form 1 in Schedule 6 must be completed in respect of that employee.

(2) The person to be examined shall complete as far as he is able to do so, that part of the questionnaire under the heading "TO BE COMPLETED BY YOU".

(3) The person to be examined shall hand the completed questionnaire to the examining medical practitioner.

(4) The examining medical practitioner shall peruse the questionnaire in the presence of the person to be examined, and complete that part of the questionnaire under the heading "TO BE COMPLETED BY THE EXAMINING DOCTOR".

* * * * * * * * * *

52. (1) Where a medical practitioner carries out a medical examination under this Division he

shall send:

(a)	in the case of an examination conducted pursuant to regulation 49 of these regulations, a copy of the questionnaire completed by him and by the person examined; or
(b)	in the case of an examination conducted pursuant to regulation 45 of these regulations, a copy of the report prepared by him,
to:
(a)	the person examined;
(b)	the employer of the person examined; and
(c)	the Commission.

(2) A medical practitioner shall send the copies of the questionnaire or report within 21 days of his completing the medical examination.

(3) A medical practitioner who wilfully contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

53. (1) Where a copy of a report or questionnaire prepared in accordance with this Division is received by a specified employer he shall retain it for as long as the person examined is employed by him.

(2) A specified employer or any person employed by him shall not reveal the contents of any report or questionnaire received in accordance with this Division except to:

(a)	the person examined; or
(b)	the Commission.

(3) A specified employer shall not contravene or fail to comply with this regulation if the contents of any report or questionnaire are revealed to another employee, provided that such other employee is engaged to keep records of which such report or questionnaire may become part.

(4) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

54. The cost of any medical examination conducted in accordance with this Division and of any report supplied upon any such examination shall be borne by the specified employer:

(a)	where he is the person examined; or
(b)	where he is the employer of the person examined.

PART II—IRRADIATION OF HUMANS FOR DIAGNOSTIC, THERAPEUTIC

OR RESEARCH PURPOSES

DIVISION I—Diagnostic and Therapeutic Purposes

55. (1) No person shall expose himself or any other person to ionizing radiation for the purposes of diagnosis or treatment unless such exposure has first been authorized in accordance with this Division.

(2) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

56. (1) An exposure to ionizing radiation for the purposes of diagnostic radiography or for purposes associated with treatment may be authorized by a medical practitioner.

(2) An exposure to ionizing radiation for the purposes of diagnostic radiography of the dento-maxillo-facial region and of the hand and wrist may be authorized by a dentist.

(3) An exposure to ionizing radiation for the purposes of diagnostic radiography of the spine, pelvis or limbs distal to and including the shoulder or hip but not involving tomography, fluoroscopy or the use of contrast media, may be authorized by a chiropractor.

(4) An exposure to ionizing radiation involving bite-wing diagnostic radiography of the teeth may be authorized by a dental therapist.

(5) An exposure to ionizing radiation for the purposes of nuclear medicine diagnosis may be authorized by a nuclear medicine physician.

(6) An exposure to ionizing radiation for the purposes of radiotherapy may be authorized by a radiation oncologist.

(7) An exposure to ionizing radiation for the purposes of the radiotherapy of disorders of the skin may be authorized by a dermatologist.

(8) An exposure to ionizing radiation (other than by fluoroscopy or the use of contrast media) for the purpose of diagnostic radiography of the lower limbs distal to the knee may be authorized by a chiropodist.

(9) An exposure to ionizing radiation for the purpose of ophthalmic brachytherapy may be authorized by an ophthalmologist.

(10) An exposure to ionizing radiation by plain radiography for the purpose of diagnostic radiography of the musculo-skeletal system to be interpreted by a radiologist, may be authorized by a physiotherapist.

(11) An exposure to ionizing radiation by plain radiography for the purpose of diagnostic radiography may be authorized by an oral surgeon.

(12) An exposure to ionizing radiation by plain radiography for the purpose of diagnostic radiography of the chest or abdomen may, if urgent circumstances exist in which the life or health of a patient is seriously threatened, be authorized by a dentist.

57. (1) Subject to subregulations (2) and (3) of this regulation an authorization under this

Division must:

(a)	be in writing;
(b)	contain details of the examination or treatment that is to be authorized;
(c)	contain the clinical indications for the examination or treatment;
(d)	be signed by the person giving the authorization; and
(e)	be given before the examination or treatment which is the subject of the authorization has been given.

(2) An authorization under this Division need not be given where the person who carries out the examination or treatment is a person who may lawfully authorize the examination or treatment under this Division.

(3) An authorization under this Division need not comply with paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d)

of subregulation (1) of this regulation where the examination or treatment is given in an emergency.

(4) Where an authorization under this Division is given in accordance with subregulation (3) of this regulation the person who gave the authorization must confirm the authorization within 24 hours of his giving the authorization and such confirmation must:

(a)	be in writing;
(b)	contain details of the examination or treatment that had been authorized;
(c)	contain the clinical indications for the examination or treatment; and
(d)	be signed by the person who gave the authorization.

(5) Any person who contravenes or fails to comply with this regulation shall be guilty of an offence and liable to a penalty not exceeding $10 000.

58. (1) Where a person authorizes the exposure of any person to ionizing radiation for the purposes of radiotherapy, the person authorizing such exposure must forthwith after giving such authorization make a record which complies with this regulation.

(2) In order to comply with this regulation, a record must contain the following information:

(2) In respect of each licence the register must contain the following information:

(a)	name, postal address and occupation of licence holder;
(b)	name, postal address and principal business activity of the employer of the licence holder;
(c)	in the case of apparatus, the kind of work performed with the apparatus;
(d)	in the case of radioactive substances, the kind of work performed with radioactive substances, and whether the radioactive substances are sealed or unsealed;
(e)	the conditions imposed on the licence;
(f)	the date the licence was first issued;
(g)	the most recent date upon which the licence was renewed; and
(h)	the date the current licence expires.

(3) Pursuant to section 38 of the Act, the register in respect of sealed radioactive sources and apparatus registered under sections 30 and 32 of the Act must:

(a)	contain the information specified in subregulation (4) of this regulation; and
(b)	be in the form specified in subregulation (7) of this regulation.

(4) In respect of each registration the register must contain the following information:

(a)	name, postal address and occupation or principal business activity of the registered owner;
(b)	the make, model, and serial number of the apparatus and of the sealed radioactive source or the registrable device;
(c)	the address at which the apparatus or sealed radioactive source is located or at which it is stored when not in use;
(d)	the purposes to which the apparatus or sealed radioactive source are put;
(e)	in the case of a sealed radioactive source, the radionuclide involved;
(f)	in the case of a sealed radioactive source with a half life of less than one year, the maximum activity registered by the registered owner;
(g)	in the case of a sealed radioactive source with a half life of more than one year, the activity of the source, and the date to which that activity refers;
(h)	the conditions imposed upon the registration;

(i) the date the registration was first granted;

(j)	the most recent date upon which the registration was renewed; and
(k)	the date the current registration expires.

(5) Pursuant to section 38 of the Act, the register of premises registered under section 29 of

the Act must:

(a)	contain the information specified in subregulation (6) of this regulation; and
(b)	be in the form specified in subregulation (7) of this regulation.

(6) In respect of each registration, the register must contain the following information:

(a)	the name, postal address, and occupation or principal business activity of the registered occupier;
(b)	the address of the registered premises;
(c)	a description sufficient to identify the premises at that address so registered;
(d)	the type of premises;
(e)	the kind of work performed on the premises;
(f)	the date the registration was first granted;
(g)	the most recent date upon which the registration was renewed;
(h)	the date the current registration expires; and

(i) the conditions imposed upon the registration.
(7) The registers must be kept in electronic form and a printout made available for public

inspection.

212. (1) Pursuant to and for the purposes of section 43(4)(a) of the Act, the International Organization for Standardization is a prescribed body.

(2) Any code of practice or standard referred to or incorporated in these regulations is so referred to or incorporated as such code of practice or standard is in force from time to time.

213. (1) A person seeking approval of the Commission to dispose of or destroy a document pursuant to regulations 29, 34 or 58 of these regulations must apply to the Commission in accordance with this regulation.

(2) The application must be in writing and must contain:

(a)	details of the document to be disposed of and the proposed manner of disposal;
(b)	details of the document to be destroyed and the proposed manner of destruction; and
(c)	the reasons for the disposal or destruction.

(3) The Commission may approve of the application if it is satisfied that the document is not required for the purposes of the Act or these regulations.

214. The Commission may release to the Australian Radiation Laboratory of the Commonwealth any information relating to radiation incidents, radiation accidents or radiation emergencies.

215. Pursuant to section 43(3)(m) of the Act, the Australian Radiation Laboratory of the Commonwealth is a prescribed body for the purposes of that section.

216. Where in these regulations a person is required to serve a notice or other document on the Commission or to send any document to the Commission such notice or other document may be served on or sent to the Commission:

(a)

by sending it by certified mail addressed to the Commission at its postal address; or

(b)

by leaving it at the principal place of business of the Commission with a person who is apparently:

(i)	over sixteen years of age; and
(ii)	in the employ of the Commission.

217. Subject to these regulations, the Commission may, by notice in writing served on the person to whom the notice is addressed, give any direction or approval that is required by these regulations.

PART VI—SCHEDULES

SCHEDULE 1

CLASSIFICATION OF RADIONUCLIDES INTO GROUPS

GROUP 1

Pb-210	Po-210	Ra-223	Ra-226	Ra-228	Ac-227	Th-227	Th-228	Th-230
Pa-231	U-230	U-232	U-233	U-234	Np-237	Pu-238	Pu-239	Pu-240
Pu-241	Pu-242	Am-241	Am-243	Cm-242	Cm-243	Cm-244	Cm-245	Cm-246
Cf-249	Cf-250	Cf-252
GROUP 2
Na-22	Cl-36	Ca-45	Sc-46	Mn-54	Co-56	Co-60	Ge-68	Sr-89
Sr-90	Y-91	Zr-95	Ru-106	Ag-110m	Cd-115m	In-114m	Sb-124	Sb-125
Te-127m	Te-129m	I-124	I-125	I-126	I-131	I-133	Cs-134	Cs-137
Ba-140	Ce-144	Eu-152(13y)	Bi-210	Eu-154	Tb-160	Tm-170	Hf-181	Ta-182
Ir-192	Tl-204	Bi-207	At-211	Pb-212	Ra-224	Ac-228	Pa-230
Th-234	U-236	Bk-249
GROUP 3
Be-7	C-14	F-18	Na-24	Cl-38	Si-31	P-32	P-33	S-35
Ar-41	K-42	K-43	Ca-47	Sc-47	Sc-48	V-48	Cr-51	Mn-52
Mn-56	Fe-52	Fe-55	Fe-59	Co-57	Co-58	Ni-63	Ni-65	Cu-64
Zn-65	Zn-69m	Ga-67	Ga-72	As-73	As-74	As-76	As-77	Se-75
Br-82	Kr-85m	Kr-87	Rb-81	Rb-86	Sr-85	Sr-91	Y-87	Y-90
Y-92	Y-93	Zr-97	Nb-93m	Nb-95	Mo-99	Tc-96	Tc-97m	Tc-97
Tc-99	Ru-97	Ru-103	Ru-105	Rh-105	Pd-103	Pd-109	AG-105	Ag-111
Cd-109	Cd-115	In-115m	Sn-113	Sn-125	Sb-122	Te-125m	Te-127	Te-129
Te-131m	Te-132	I-123	I-130	I-132	I-134	I-135	Xe-135	Cs-129
Cs-131	Cs-136	Ba-131	La-140	C-141	C-143	Pr-142	Pr-143	Nd-147
Nd-149	Pm-147	Pm-149	Sm-151	Sm-153	Eu-152	Eu-155	Gd-153	Gd-159
Dy-165	Dy-166	Ho-166	Er-169	Er-171	(9.2hr)	Tm-171	Yb-175	Lu-177
W-181	W-185	W-187	Re-183	Re-186	Re-188	Os-185	Os-191	Os-193
Ir-190	Ir-194	Pt-191	Pt-193	Pt-197	Au-196	Au-198	Au-199	Hg-197
Hg-197m	Hg-203	Tl-200	Tl-201	Tl-202	Pb-203	Bi-206	Bi-212	Rn-220
Rn-222	Th-231	Pa-233	Np-239
GROUP 4
H-3	C-11	N-13	O-15	Ar-37	Co-58m	Ni-59	Ga-68	Zn-69
Ge-71	Kr-85	Sr-85m	Sr-87m	Rb-87	Y-91m	Zr-93	Nb-97	To-96m
Tc-99m	Rh-103m	In-113m	I-129	Xe-131m	Xe-133	Cs-134m	Cs-135	Sm-147
Re-187	Os-191m	Pt-193m	Pt-197m	Th-232	Th-Nat	U-235	U-238	U-Nat

Notes:

(1)

An alpha emitting radionuclide not listed in this Schedule shall be in Group 1.

(2)

A radionuclide which is not an alpha emitter and which is not listed in this Schedule shall be in

Group 2.

SCHEDULE 2

RADIATION SYMBOL

The radiation symbol consists of the conventional three blade design shown below.

The symbol shall be in black, and the background colour shall be as provided in Australian Standard AS 1319-1983 "Safety Signs for the Occupational Environment".

[Symbol appears in Gaz. 4.4.85, p. 993]

SCHEDULE 3

METHOD FOR CALCULATING THYROID INTAKES OF IODINE-125 OR

IODINE-131 FROM THYROID BURDEN MEASUREMENTS

This method is used to estimate the thyroid intake of either Iodine-125 or Iodine-131 for a period defined by:

(a)	the time between two thyroid burden measurements; or
(b)	where there has been no prior thyroid burden measurement taken, the time between the day, following the date on which regulation 30 of these regulations took effect, on which the person was first potentially exposed to radioactive iodine and the day on which a thyroid burden measurement took place.

This method relies on the worst case assumption that all of the calculated thyroid intake resulted from intake occurring on the first day (in case A, after the first of the two measurements; in case B, after the date on which regulation 30 of these regulations took effect) during which the person was potentially exposed to radioactive iodine.

Case A:

Let	A1 be the first thyroid burden measured (in kilobecquerel) A2 be the second thyroid burden measured (in kilobecquerel) d1 be the number of days between the two measurements d2 = d1 minus the number of days between the first measurement and when the person was next potentially

exposed to radioactive iodine at work.
For Iodine-125 the intake U, in kilobecquerel, is given by
U = (A2 — A1e-0.017d1)e0.017d2
For Iodine-131 the intake U, in kilobecquerel, is given by
U = (A2 — A1e-0.092d1)e0.092d2

Case B:

Let A be the measured thyroid burden in kilobecquerel
Let d be the number of days between the day on which the measurement took place and the first day, after regulation 30 of these regulations took effect, on which the person was potentially exposed to radioactive iodine at work.
For Iodine-125 the intake U, in kilobecquerel, is given by
U = Ae0.017d
For Iodine-131 the intake U, in kilobecquerel, is given by
U = Ae0.092d

SCHEDULE 4

CLASSIFICATION OF PREMISES

The classification of premises into Type A, Type B or Type C depends on:

(a)	the groups to which the radionuclides kept or handled belong;
(b)	the maximum activities handled; and
(c)	the type of operations performed on the premises.

If more than one radionuclide is handled, or if more than one type of operation is performed, then the highest classification found when all radionuclides and operations are separately considered is the classification of the premises (Type A = highest classification, Type C = lowest classification).

The maximum activity of a particular radionuclide handled on the premises should be multiplied by the modifying factors given in Table 1, and the results applied to Table 2 to determine the premises classification.

TABLE 1 MODIFYING FACTORS

Type of Operation

Factor

Simple storage (no operations)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

0.01

Simple wet operations such as preparation of aliquots of stock solutions

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 0.1

Normal chemical operations involving few transfers. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 1

Complex chemical operations involving many transfers or complex apparatus. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10

Simple dry operations (e.g. manipulation of powders)

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 10

Work with volatile radioactive compounds. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 10

Dry, dust producing operations such as grinding. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . 100

TABLE 2 PREMISES CLASSIFICATION

Group of radionuclide

Allowable Activity Range for:

TYPE C

TYPE B

TYPE A

1	less than 400 kBq	400 kBq-40MBq	more than 40 MBq
2	less than 40 MBq	40 MBq-4 GBq	more than 4 GBq
3	less than 4 GBq	4 GBq-400 GBq	more than 400 GBq
4	less than 400 GBq	400 GBq-40 TBq	more than 40 TBq

SCHEDULE 5

ANNUAL DOSE EQUIVALENT LIMITS AND WEIGHTING FACTORS

FOR INDIVIDUAL ORGANS OR TISSUES

Organ or Tissue

Annual Dose

Weighting Factor

Equivalent Limit

(millisievert)

gonads. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..	200	0.25
breast. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .	333	0.15
red bone marrow. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .	417	0.12
lung. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..	417	0.12
thyroid. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..	500	0.03

bone surfaces

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

500

0.03

lens of the eye. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .	150	0
skin. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..	500	0 (see note 1)

hands and forearms

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

500

feet and ankles

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

500

any other single organ

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..

500

(see note 2)

Note 1:

If the skin is irradiated with beta particles with maximum energy of less than 10 kV, a weighting factor of 0.01

should be used.

Note 2:

Weighting factors for "other" organs are to be assigned as follows:

The five organs or tissues receiving the highest dose equivalents are to each have a weighting factor of 0.06, and the remaining organs or tissues a weighting factor of zero.

SCHEDULE 6

QUESTIONNAIRE FOR URANIUM INDUSTRY WORKERS

The health of workers in various industries is of increasing interest to the Australian public. To monitor long-term health trends for various occupational groups adequately, it is necessary to collect information from large numbers of workers over many years.

This questionnaire has been designed specifically to monitor the health of uranium industry workers. We assure you that personal information will be used only by a governmental health monitoring agency to monitor health trends among the worker population as a whole. However, the information you personally provide will be available to you at any time.

Thank you for your cooperation.
Chairman, S.A. Health Commission

[Form 1 appears in Gaz. 18.7.91, p. 309]

* * * * * * * * * *

SCHEDULE 7

FORM 3—NOTICE TO BE GIVEN TO A PURCHASER OF APPARATUS

Important Notice

To the purchaser of an X-ray machine:

This notice, which the person or organization from whom you are buying an X-ray machine is obliged by law to give to you, is intended to inform you of certain legal obligations you will face as the owner of an X-ray unit. Failure to take note of these obligations could result in a great deal of unnecessary expense and inconvenience.

1. Basic Obligations

Two basic obligations are created by the Radiation Protection and Control Act, 1982:
all apparatus (X-ray machines) must be registered with the South Australian Health Commission (Section 32, Radiation Protection and Control Act, 1982). Ownership of an unregistered machine is an offence, with a maximum fine of $10 000, or a continuing fine of up to $1 000 per day.
all persons who operate the apparatus must hold a licence issued by the South Australian Health Commission to
do so (Section 31, Radiation Protection and Control Act, 1982).
The second obligation has been modified by Part III, Division II of the Ionizing Radiation Regulations, 1985. The remainder of this notice will be concerned with the first obligation.

2. Availability of Advice

The Radiation Control Section of the Health Commission (Ph. (08) 218 3211) is available to help you ensure that your installation does comply with the regulations right from the start.

3. Application to Register an X-ray Unit

An application to register an X-ray machine should be submitted to the Commission as early as possible, certainly before installation commences (an application form for registration should have been given to you with this notice). Confidentiality of any application will be assured.

The registration form should be completed with full details of the machine that was purchased and its proposed installation, including room layout. (It is realised that serial numbers will not be available until after the machine has been installed).

Important:

An application to register your new machine must be lodged before the installation is finalised. On the receipt of an application to register an X-ray machine designed for medical, dental or chiropractic use the Health Commission may give you, the owner, notice in writing that the X-ray machine must not be used on patients until it has been tested by the Health Commission and found to be satisfactory.

4. Registration of X-ray Equipment

Once the installation of your new machine is finalised, officers of the Health Commission will inspect the new facility. Your X-ray machine must comply with the construction, shielding and installation requirements laid down in the Ionizing Radiation Regulations, 1985, in order to be registered. However if it is found not to satisfy the specified requirements, you will be given an opportunity to correct any non-compliance.

If the corrections are not made, the Health Commission has no choice but to refuse registration. This could give rise to a prosecution and forfeiture of the offending equipment. To ensure this does not occur, you should seek advice and assistance from the Radiation Control Section (Ph. (08) 218 3211) as soon as practicable.

SCHEDULE 7

[Form 4 appears in Gaz. 29.8.85, p. 635]

SCHEDULE 7

[Form 5 appears in Gaz. 29.8.85, p. 635]

SCHEDULE 7

FORM 6—NOTICE TO BE GIVEN TO A PURCHASER OF A SEALED

RADIOACTIVE SOURCE

Important Notice

To the purchaser of a Sealed Radioactive Source:

This notice, which the person or organisation from whom you are buying a sealed radioactive source is obliged by law to give to you, is intended to inform you of certain legal obligations you will face as the owner of the source. Failure to take note of these obligations could result in a great deal of unnecessary expense and inconvenience.

1. Basic Obligations

Two basic obligations are created by the Radiation Protection and Control Act, 1982:
most sealed radioactive sources must be registered by the owner with the South Australian Health Commission (Section 32, Radiation Protection and Control Act, 1982). The list of sealed radioactive sources which are not required to be registered is given in regulation 163 of the Ionizing Radiation Regulations, 1985. Ownership of an unregistered sealed radioactive source is an offence, with a maximum fine of $10 000, or a continuing fine of up to $1 000 per day.
all persons who use or handle radioactive substances must hold a licence issued by the South Australian Health
Commission to do so (Section 31, Radiation Protection and Control Act, 1982).
The second obligation has been modified by Part III, Division II of the Ionizing Radiation Regulations, 1985. The remainder of this notice will be concerned with the first obligation.

2. Availability of Advice

The Radiation Control Section of the Health Commission (Ph. (08) 218 3211) is available to advise you on the design, construction and installation requirements of the sealed source, to help you ensure that the sealed source will comply with the regulation requirements right from the start.

3. Application to Register a Sealed Radioactive Source

An application to register a sealed radioactive source should be submitted to the Commission as early as possible, certainly before you take possession of the source. (An application form for registration should have been given to you with this notice). Confidentiality of any application will be assured.
The registration form should be completed with full details of the sealed source purchased and its proposed location.

4. Registration of a Sealed Radioactive Source

On the receipt of an application to register a sealed radioactive source, the Commission will consider the construction, shielding and installation of the source which must comply with the requirements laid down in the Ionizing Radiation Regulations, 1985, in order for your sealed source to be registered.
However, if it is found not to satisfy the specified requirements you will be given an opportunity to correct any non- compliance.
If the corrections are not made, the Health Commission has no choice but to refuse registration. Alternatively the Commission may direct you to dispose of the source, which may mean that it must be returned to the seller. Ultimately, ownership of an unregistered sealed radioactive source could give rise to a prosecution. To ensure that registration is approved you are encouraged to seek advice from the Radiation Control Section (Ph. (08) 218 3211) as soon as practicable.

SCHEDULE 7

[Form 7 appears in Gaz. 29.8.85, p. 635]

SCHEDULE 7

[Form 8 appears in Gaz. 29.8.85, p. 635]

SCHEDULE 7

[Form 9 appears in Gaz. 29.8.85, p. 635]

SCHEDULE 7

[Form 10 appears in Gaz. 8.9.88, p. 1004]

SCHEDULE 7

[Form 11 appears in Gaz. 4.4.85, p. 993]

SCHEDULE 7

[Form 12 appears in Gaz. 4.4.85, p. 993]

SCHEDULE 8

CERTIFICATE OF IDENTIFICATION OF AN AUTHORIZED OFFICER

Name:	.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .
Title:	.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

Specimen Signature:

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .

Card No.:

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

Pursuant to section 16 of the Radiation Protection and Control Act, 1982, I certify that the person whose name, title, signature and photograph appear on this certificate is an authorized officer under that Act.

Date:. .. .. .. .. .. .. .

.. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .

For Commission

SCHEDULE 9

MINIMUM HALF VALUE LAYERS FOR DIAGNOSTIC APPARATUS

Indicated potential kV

Half value layer mm AI

(peak)
30  0.3
40  0.4
49  0.5
50  1.2
60  1.3
70  1.5
71  2.1
80  2.3
90  2.5
100  2.7
110  3.0
120  3.2
130  3.5
140  3.8
150  4.1

SCHEDULE 10

ERROR DISTANCES FOR AUTOMATIC COLLIMATION TO A SPOT FILM DEVICE

For the purposes of this schedule:

(a)	"area being imaged" means the area of X-ray film available for imaging but does not include any area of the film covered by X-ray opaque masks or any area of the X-ray film which has previously been imaged by X-rays; and
(b)	"error distance" means the lack of alignment between the X-ray field and the area being imaged, where the X-ray field lies outside the area being imaged.

For a polygonal X-ray field, measurements of the error distance are taken perpendicularly from the mid-point of each side of the X-ray field, which is outside of the area being imaged, to the corresponding boundary of the area being imaged.

For an X-ray field with a curved boundary (e.g. a circular X-ray field) the error distance is defined for all points on the boundary of the X-ray field which lie outside of the area being imaged. For any such point the error distance is measured perpendicularly from the tangent to the boundary at that point to the corresponding boundary of the area being imaged.

In no case shall the error distance, measured in the way described above, exceed 1½ per cent of the focal spot to film distance.

SCHEDULE 11

ERROR DISTANCES FOR AUTOMATIC COLLIMATION TO AN IMAGE INTENSIFIER

For the purposes of this schedule:

(a)	"area being imaged" means the area of the input phosphor which produces an image on the television monitor; and
(b)	"error distance" means the lack of alignment between the X-ray field and the area being imaged, where the X-ray field lies outside the area being imaged.

In no case shall the error distance, measured in the way described above, exceed 1 per cent of the focal spot to image receptor distance.

APPENDIX

LEGISLATIVE HISTORY

Regulation 4(1):

definition of "chiropodist" inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 2(a)

definition of "committed dose equivalent" revoked and definition of

"committed effective dose equivalent" inserted in its place by 161,
1991, reg. 2(b)
definition of "dental therapist" substituted by 161, 191, reg. 2(c)
definition of "dentist" substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 2(d)
definition of "designated employee" varied by 161, 1991, reg. 2(e)
definition of "ophthalmologist" inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 2(f)
definition of "oral surgeon" inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 2(f)
definition of "physiotherapist" inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 2(g)
definition of "radiation oncologist" inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 2(h)
definition of "Radiation Protection (Mining and Milling) Code" inserted

by 161, 1991, reg. 2(h)

definition of "radiation worker" varied by 245, 1991, reg. 2 definition of "radiotherapist" revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 2(i) definition of "radon daughter exposure" revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 2(j)
definition of "specified employer" varied and paragraphs (e) and (f)
revoked by 193, 1988, reg. 3

definition of "thoron daughter exposure" revoked by 161, 191, reg. 2(j)

definition of "Working Level Month (WLM) or WLM" revoked by 161,

1991, reg. 2(j)

Regulation 14(1):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 4
Regulation 15(1):	definition of "total dose" varied by 165, 1985, reg. 3; substituted by

161, 1991, reg. 5(a)

Regulation 15(2)(a):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 5(b)
Regulation 16(1):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 6(a)
Regulation 16(2):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 6(b)
Regulation 30(1) and (2):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 7
Regulation 30(2a):	inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 7
Regulation 51(1):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 8(a)
Regulation 51(2) and (3):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 8(b)
Regulation 51(4):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 8(b), (c)
Regulation 51(5) - (7):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 8(d)
Regulation 56(3):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 9(a)
Regulation 56(6):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 9(b)
Regulation 56(7):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 9(c)
Regulation 56(8) - (12):	inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 9(d)
Regulation 57(3):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 10
Regulation 75(1):	varied by 234, 1988, reg. 3; 115, 1991, reg. 3; 82, 1995, reg. 3; 115,

1996, reg. 3; 96, 1997, reg. 3

Regulation 76:	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 11
Regulation 80(1):	varied by 234, 1988, reg. 4(a), (b); 115, 1991, reg. 4(a), (b); 82, 1995,

reg. 4(a), (b); 115, 1996, reg. 4(a), (b); 96, 1997, reg. 4(a), (b)

Regulation 80(2):

varied by 234, 1988, reg. 4(c); 115, 1991, reg. 4(c); 82, 1995, reg. 4(c);

115, 1996, reg. 4(c); 96, 1997, reg. 4(c)

Regulation 83(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 12(a), (b)
Regulation 83(2):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 12(c)
Regulation 83(3):	inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 12(d)
Regulation 84(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 13(a)
Regulation 84(2):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 13(b)
Regulation 84(3):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 13(c)
Regulation 84(4):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 13(d)
Regulation 101(3):	varied by 165, 1985, reg. 4
Regulation 109(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 14
Regulation 109(1)(a)(v):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 14(b)
Regulation 110(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 15
Regulation 110(1)(a)(iii):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 15
Regulation 111(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 16
Regulation 111(1)(iv):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 16
Regulation 112(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 17(a)-(c)
Regulation 112(1)(a)(iii):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 17(b)
Regulation 112(3)(b):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 17(d)
Regulation 112(3a):	inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 17(e)
Regulation 114(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 18(a)
Regulation 114(1)(a)(iii):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 18(a)
Regulation 114(2):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 18(b)
Regulation 115(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 19(a)
Regulation 115(1)(a)(iii):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 19(a)
Regulation 115(4):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 19(b)
Regulation 117(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 20(a)
Regulation 117(1)(a)(iii):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 20(a)
Regulation 117(12):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 20(b)
Regulation 117(13):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 20(c)
Regulation 118(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 21(a)-(c)
Regulation 118(2):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 21(d)
Regulation 118(7):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 21(e)
Regulation 118(12)(b):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 21(f)
Regulation 118(13):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 21(g)
Regulation 118(20):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 21(h)
Regulation 119(3):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 22
Regulation 123(9):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 23
Regulation 144:	substituted by 193, 1988, reg. 4
Regulation 145:	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 24
Regulation 146(2):	varied by 234, 1988, reg. 5; 115, 1991, reg. 5; 82, 1995, reg. 5; 115,

1995, reg. 5; 96, 1997, reg. 5

Regulation 150(1):	varied by 165, 1985, reg. 5; 161, 1991, reg. 25
Regulation 151(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 26
Regulation 158:	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 27
Regulation 164(1):	varied by 234, 1988, reg. 6(a), (b); 115, 1991, reg. 6(a), (b); 82, 1995,

reg. 6(a), (b); 115, 1996, reg. 6(a); 96, 1997, reg. 6(a)

Regulation 164(2):

varied by 234, 1988, reg. 6(c), (d); 115, 1991, reg. 6(c), (d); 82, 1995,

reg. 6(c), (d); 115, 1996, reg. 6(b), (c); 96, 1997, reg. 6(b)

Regulation 171(3):	varied by 165, 1985, reg. 6(a)
Regulation 171((5):	varied by 165, 1985, reg. 6(b)
Regulation 171(5a):	inserted by 165, 1985, reg. 6(c)
Regulation 172(2):	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 28
Regulation 172(5):	revoked by 165, 1985, reg. 7
Regulation 180:	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 29
Regulation 193(1):	substituted by 193, 1988, reg. 5
Regulation 193(2):	varied by 165, 1985, reg. 8
Regulation 194(3):	varied by 234, 1988, reg. 7(a), (b); 115, 1991, reg. 7; 82, 1995, reg. 7(a),

(b); 115, 1996, reg. 7(a), (b); 96, 1997, reg. 7(a), (b)

Regulation 194(4):

varied by 234, 1988, reg. 7(c); 82, 1995, reg. 7(c); 115, 1996, reg. 7(c);

96, 1997, reg. 7(c)

Regulation 197(2):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 30
Regulation 197(2a):	inserted by 161, 1991, reg. 30
Regulation 199(6):	inserted by 165, 1985, reg. 9
Regulation 200(2):	varied by 165, 1985, reg. 10
Regulation 202(1):	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 31
Part IV, Division IX heading:	substituted by 193, 1988, reg. 6
Regulation 203(1):	substituted by 193, 1988, reg. 7(a)
Regulation 203(2)(c):	revoked by 193, 1988, reg. 7(b)
Regulation 204:	substituted by 193, 1988, reg. 8
Division I of Part V comprising regs. 205 - 207 and heading revoked and regs. 205 - 207 and heading inserted in its place by 161, 1991, reg. 32
Regulation 209(1):	varied by 193, 1988, reg. 9(a)
Regulation 209(3)(a):	revoked by 193, 1988, reg. 9(b)
Regulation 209(3):	varied by 234, 1988, reg. 8; 115, 1991, reg. 8; 82, 1995, reg. 8; 115,

1996, reg. 8; 96, 1997, reg. 8

Regulation 210(1):	varied by 193, 1988, reg. 10(a)
Regulation 210(2):	substituted by 193, 1988, reg. 10(b)
Regulation 211(7):	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 33
Schedule 1
Group 1:	varied by 165, 1985, reg. 11
Group 3:	varied by 161, 1991, reg. 34
Schedule 6 Form 1:	substituted by 161, 1991, reg. 35
Form 2:	revoked by 161, 1991, reg. 35
Schedule 7
Forms 4 and 5:	substituted by 165, 1985, reg. 12
Forms 7 - 9:	substituted by 165, 1985, reg. 13
Form 10:	substituted by 193, 1988, reg. 11